GR A F F IT ICurricularAdaptationIdeas

forChildrenwithSpecialNeeds

InventedbyPatrickSchwarz, Ph . D .

Dr. Patrick Schwarz, a speaker for Spectrum Training Systems, has all of his session attendees participate in a brain-storming session called "Graffiti." The activity is so named because the participants write their ideas on giant Post-It Notes attached to the conference room walls.

Each subject below represents a part of daily school life. These lists are full of ideas and activities that adults can facilitate or provide for school-aged children. They can be especially helpful for those children who may need activities adapted to suit their social needs, learning styles and educational levels.

Graffiti Directory

Subject Pages

Math Skills 3 – 6

Music, Choir and Band 7

Note Taking 8 – 9

Oral Presentation 10 – 12

Physical Education 13 – 16

Reading and Literacy 17 – 20

Social Skills 21 – 24

Technology 25 – 28

Tests and Assessments 29 – 31

Writing 32 - 35

2

MAT H SKILLS

“9’s” manipulation trickA+ Math websiteAbacusActive 1:1Adapted calculatorsAplusmath.comAssistive technologyBalancing checkbookBase 10 blocksBattleshipBeadsBingo, dominoesBooks like M & MBudgetingCalculatorsCalendarsClassroom suiteCoins in a triangleCoin-u-latorColor code for place valueCommunity instruction (ie-trips to restaurants)Computation chartsComputer programsConsumables (food, stickers)Consumer mathCooking Cooking/measuringCounting bearsCoupons (comparing prices)Cuisenaire rodsDecks of cards to build math problemsDiagrams of story problemsDiceDigiblocksDo the problems orallyDon’t have to show the workEarly Learning SuiteError analysisFact tables on desk or note cardsFamily Game Kits for home – reinforceFantasy sportsFile folders that tell math conceptsFlash cardsFloor graphs

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Foldables to teach fractionsFormula sheet on deskFraction barsFraction stripsFrequent breaksFunbrain.comGeo-boardsGeometry Sketch BoardGraph paper for lining up problemsGraph paper or boxes for alignmentGraphic organizerGrocery/Department store adsGroup workGuess and checkGuided notesHands-on manipulativesHands-on-equationsHas to have meaning- ex: $Highlight key words in story problemsHip hop mathHuman number lineHundreds charts, multiplication chartsIdentify which answer is NOT correctIndividual Dry Erase BoardsIndividualized math drillsIntellimathicsInternet4classrooms.comJudy clocksKey mathKeywords to help with problem solvingLeap frog productsLevel basedLower level math book (Globe Fearon)Magic math wordsMaking a budgetManipulatives for decimal pointsMatchingMatching – TEACCH StrategiesMath BlasterMath circus videoMath fact videosMath gamesMath grab bagMath in real situations- checkbook, painting room, buying wallpaperMath to musicMath visuals/ posters with graphs and charts

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MeasurementMeasuring cups and spoonsMeasuring tapesMental mathMentorsMnemonic devices (PEMDAS, FOIL etc.)ModelingMoney programMultiplication chartMultiplication tables on tapeMultiplication the FUN wayMusic CDsMyschoolhouse.comNo timed testsNotes Number gridsNumber linesNumber scavenger huntOverhead calculator (to teach)Palm pilotPattern blocks - velcroPeer tutorsPicture math storiesPie wedgePlace value gamesPost-It notesPre-teach vocabularyProblem solvingQuality not quantityRAP math facts audio tapeRead It, Draw It, Solve ItReal life math- trip to the storeReal money math problemsRecipesRelate math to songsRiddle mathRound the World math gameRulerRun school storeS.N.A.P.Schoolhouse rocks mathSequencingShoppingShorter assignmentsSimulationsSkip counting

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Songs/musicSorting activitiesSports page statsSticker in lieu of writingStore (discounts, money)Story problemsString mathSuccess MakerTalking rulersTeach timerTeach vocabTests read aloudTimes tablesTouch MasterTouch mathTouch Point mathToy ATM/Cash registerTreasure Math StormTurbo MathTwist and Shout Leap FrogUni-fix cubesUse of menus Use ruler for number lineUsing real moneyVersatilesVisual addition/subtraction cardsVisual graphsWhite boards

6

MUS I C , C H O I R AND BA N D

Auditory trainer for choirBand leader jobCenters with different instrumentsColor coded notesColorize piano keysDance with musicDifferent performance rolesElectric piano keyboards with headphones for studentExperiment with bells, tambourines, cranksField trip to musical theater or performanceGuess that songHands on experience with instrumentsHeadphones used if noise level is too loudMnemonics for notes (ACEG=All Cows Eat Grass)Motions to songsMovement during class for K-6Movie songsMusic related research to replace participation Music therapyMusic videosNature tapes/CD’s to calmPeer tutor for instruction, practice time‘Pick an instrument’ day or exchange instrumentsPlug one ear while singingPractice drums with headphones for only student who is drumming to hearPrivate practice roomsProviding alternatives to singingQuiet areaRelate different class topics (i.e. Latin America and “Carmen” opera)Slow down favorite music to teach notesSmaller groups for performanceStudent conductorsUse everyday things to make sounds- glasses, staplers, typingUse PVC pipe phones during chorusUse students’ favorite songs or artistsVisualsWatch musical film/theaterWords on tape for songs

7

N OT E TAKI N G

AAC deviceAgenda given out before discussionAllow use of own written notes for test/quizAlpha-SmartAssigned note takerAssignment notebooksAudio tapeBullets and boxes on important infoCarbon copiesCarbonless paperChunkColor coded paperColor coordinatingColored markers/pensColored paperCopy of notesCopy of transparenciesCornell notesCut and paste given notes into notebookDictationDraw pictures for conceptsEmail notesExplicit instruction of how to take notesFind important, priority information“Gentle” paper colorsGraphic organizersGraphs Grocery list groupingsGuided notes (Fill in the blank)Handwriting Without TearsHighlight actual book, extra copyHighlight prepared notesHighlightingIllustrationsImitationInteractive white board (SMART Board)Kansas learning strategyKidspirationKWL chartingLaptopLarger printList key terms onlyMain idea and supporting detailsModeling

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Non Carbon PaperNote taker paperNote taking buddyOutlineOverhead projectorPartial note takingPeer matchingPeer takes notesPhotocopyPost-it-notesPower Point handoutProfessional note takerProvide a framework (skeleton) to fill in (graphic organizer)Provide study guide for studentsRAP (read, ask, paraphrase)Rewrite own notesScaffolding the notesScribesShort handSmart boardsSQ3RStaff take notes and pass on to student- students can highlight important pointsStamps, markers, etc.Student given outline- fill in the blanksStudy guideTake notes only on test materialTape recordersTeach Cornell note-taking systemTeach how to pick out salient infoTeacher ‘bullets’ notes on overhead that need to be copiedTeacher model on overheadTeacher’s notesT-notesTrade in students notes for teachers notes- good trade for effortUnderliningUse “fun” writing materials (gel pens, fancy pencils)Use a mapping strategyUse laptop or Alpha SmartVenn diagramsVideo recorderVisual organization of informationWebbingWebs (color coded)Website posted notesWeighted pencilsWords, picture combination

9

O R A L PR E S E NT AT I O N

AAC deviceAlter voiceAlternate assignments: write report, create model, take testAmerican IdolAnother student reading report out loudAnswer questions regarding stories (open-ended)Anxiety reduction activitiesAssistive technologyAudio tape/prerecorded Augmentative communication devicesBack toward audienceBag reportCharadesCheerleadingChoral speakingChoral/partner readingCircle time activitiesCloth/rope to wrap hand while speaking- beginning & end, option of fast/slowColored overlaysComedyCommunity circlesCue cards for time leftCue cards/nonverbal signalsDebateDemonstration on real life experiencesDesign a web pageDictated on recorder, then playedDioramaDisplay boardsDo oral interviews before the presentationDraw or take picturesDress as a characterDynavox, DynaMo, Go-TalkField trips to observe speakersGive clear expectations on time and contentGive option of passing during Q&AGroup with assigned rolesHow-to demoInvolve topics of intense focusJob in a group project (point to display)Karaoke Let children retell storiesLip syncMake a poster

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Make it into a gameMeaning to presentation/relevanceMemorizationMicrophonesMusic PropsMusic therapyNarrow scope of topicNews reportsNote cardsOld TV to present throughOne person talks, one person acts it out“Oprah”OutlineOverhead projectorPantomimePartner up with visual aidPartneringPECS symbolsPerformance assessmentsPhoto storyPicture presentationPodium/StandPointerPower PointPractice in front of mirrorPracticing to small groupPredetermined group that student is comfortable withPre-rehearsed questions following presentationPresent behind podiumPresent to teacher first, then audiencePresent with buddyPresent with posterPresenting to teacher onlyPretending to be assigned characterProps, visual aidesPuppet showsRapReaders workshopRehearsingRelaxation techniquesReview progression of stepsRole playingRubricsSchool PA announcementsScriptsSensory activities

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Shorten presentationShow and tellShow tape instead of presentingSigningSinging beeSinging/dancingSitting at desk while presentingSlide show set to musicSmall object to fidget to control large fidgetsSmaller audienceSmart boardSocial story beforeSpeaker phone delivered from another homeStart at comfort level: example: Touching numbers on a calendarStarting early so it is not as intimidatingStorytellingStudent directed grading/rubricStudent news showStudent of the weekStudents own work spaceSwitches/augmentative communication‘Talking stick’ to pass aroundTeleprompterTheatre/playsTri-fold poster presentation’TV interviewUse of costume-fake glasses, cape, hat, etc.Use of cue cardsUse topics of interest for presentationVideo tapeVisual cues- i.e. propsVisual outline/map to organize thoughtsVisualize audience in underwearWatch video examples of yourself and othersWax people on/offWear sunglasses

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P H Y S I C A L ED U C A T I O N

ABC YogaAdapt curriculum to real life sports activitiesAdapt rulesAdaptive activities (limit number of repetitions)Adaptive equipmentAddress equipment issues- Size of bats/balls/netting/otherAllow water bottlesAlternate PE with sensory activitiesAlternative activities allowed in one groupAlternatives to activity planned (three choices)Audit the classAuditory signals to cue movementBalloons instead of ballsBasic skillsBe a spectatorBlock off unused gymBrain gymBreak skill down into step by stepCage ballCalming area to go toCarpet in room- less noiseCentersChange of environment- not in big gymChoose favorite activityControl environmental distractionsCooperative gamesCreate encouraging, team atmosphereCross lateral exercisesDAPE – adaptive P.E.DDRDefine area with tape on floorDesignated position or subEarplugs or headphonesExercise to energizing musicExtended time in locker roomsExtra appropriate activities (sand table at their height)Extra P.E.Extra trainer or helperEye toyFinger exercisesFitness rather than competitionFitness room/trainingFollow the leader, Simon says, etc.Free throws

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Games for social skills and other rulesGo outsideGoal settingGolf teeingGrade for effortGrade level inclusionHat to cover eyes because of lightsIncorporate healthKeyed or word locks versus combinationsLarger equipment or modified equipmentLeisure activitiesLet students chooseLimited timeLower net (volleyball/basketball)Map of gymMats in classroomMeditation or calming after classModelModeling good sportsmanshipModified goalsModified tests Modified uniform- Only change shirtMusicNo dress requirement or over clothesNo whistles/clappingNoise level reductionNon-competitiveNontraditional sports (bowling, skiing)Not required to change into gym clothesObstacle courseOpt outPara-assistancePE partnersPECS to matchPeer helpersPeer involvementPersonal space for belongingsPicture cuesPicture schedulePlanned breaksPost rules- with picturesPre-rehearsal of skills, using video demonstrationPre-teachPre-teaching of skills and sub-skillsProvide PE clothesQuiet zone

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Read a book on a particular sport or heroes in the sportRelaxing musicRepetition / re-teachingReplace typical P.E. with interests (yoga, pilates, etc.)Responsible peer partnerReverse inclusionRichard Simons exercise videoRole playingRules on school websiteScore keeperScript before attending PE re:expectationsSelf-help skillsSend rules home before activity beginsSensory equipmentSeparate locker roomShort summer courseSmaller classSocial storiesSocial story of expectationsSTAFF SUPPORTStaggered dismissalStations to provide choiceStep by step example stationsStretchingStudent chooses activity for the classStudent led gamesStudy guidesTai-chi activitiesTeach games- cribbage, etc.Teach independent activities, i.e. rowing, bike ridingTeach vocabularyTeacher assigned teamsTeacher helper (equipment manager)Team building gamesTime keeperTraining peersTramp jumping with net guards or holding barUse extra people to help accomplish tasksUse imagination to help visualizeUse of vibrations, sounds, texturesUse of visual cues for team identificationUse of wheelchairs, scooters and shortened distancesUse stress balls and other sensory equipment to keep them focusedVarious uses of bodyVideo modeling of various activitiesVideo: From Silly to Calm

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Visual instruction/written game rulesVisual schedule/sequence activityVisual supports- tasks/rules/directionsVisual system for pacing games/laps/timingWalking on track or treadmillWarm up sensory breakWeight lifting vs. other activitiesWeighted vests, wrist weights- ONLY with OT supervision

16

RE A D I N G & LITER A C Y

6 Traits writingAccelerated readerActing, role playingAdaptive booksAdaptive computer programsAdjusted reading levelsAdult volunteers to read with themAllow child to read topic of special interestAllow to choose booksAlpha SmartAlternating sentence/paragraph formatAmber sunglasses for lighting difficultiesAnticipatory set/pre-reading strategiesArt projects related to the materialsBalance LiteracyBIG booksBoardmakerBooks on tape, CD, or computerBooktalk/Literature circlesCarl’s cornerCertain color paperChartingChoral readingClass booksCliff notesClozeColor overlaysComic strip summariesComputer assisted instruction- KurzweilCondensing textCovering part of pageCut-up sentence stripsDEARDestination successDIBELS ActivitiesDirect instructionDon Johnson softwareDr. Jean – using music with familiar songs/booksDriver’s Ed.E.A.R.L.. D.E.A.R., D.I.R.T., D.O.L.EarobicsEasy read novels with controlled vocabularyEdmarkEZC Reader

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Fast forward reading online programFlannel board Flash cardsFluency buildersFoldablesFrequent pauses for comprehensionFrontload with author infoGraduated page edges to facilitate page turningGraphic novelGraphic organizersGuided readingHigh interestHighlighter, drawing story, tellingHighlighting key conceptsHooked on PhonicsIncorporating sensory (sand writing, shaving cream)Increasing background knowledgeInteractive CDInternetInventive spellingJob Application/PostingsJolly PhonicsKinesthetic (Project Read)KWL’sLanguage experience storyLanguage MasterLeap padsLeapfrogLetter tiles-magnetic letters, tactile lettersLeveled readingLexia reading programLibrary trips, pick own booksLIPS-decodingLiving booksMagnetic lettersMake own newspaperMaking wordsModified storiesMove and sit cushionMusic/Lyric writing integrationNews2You.comNewspaperNursery rhymesOral readingOral storytelling with retellingOrton Gillingham Program

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Paired readingPeer reading/partner readingPen palsPhonemic awarenessPhonicsPicture ItPicture sequencingPlaysPopcornPost-it-notesPriming activitiesProgress monitoring-Word CountPseudo wordsPublic library usePuppetsRead 180Read at Day Cares or Senior CentersRead NaturallyRead out loudRead to dogReader rabbit DVDReaders TheaterReading clubsReading daily newspaperReading experience storiesReading Mastery - SRAReading MilestonesReading strategies, make connections, ask questionsReading to younger kidsReading tutorsReading workshopReadingA-Z.comReadingRockets.comRebus storiesReciprocal teachingRecord self reading and listen to selfRepeated reading of same materialRepetitive booksRephrase, change evaluation questions ( T/F to M/C or M/C to T/F )Rewards – decodingRhyming gamesRigby seriesRole playSelecting books with popular charactersSequencing activitiesShared reading

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SIOSlant boardsSonday SystemSound sheetsSRAStamps, markers, etc.Starfall.comStart-to-finish booksStories containing the childStory cubes for choiceStory mappingStory promptsStory startersStory telling puppetsStructured repeated readingStudent dictated booksStudents choose reading materials- based on interest/reading abilitySummer reading incentivesSupplementary materials with common topicTeacher-made adapted book with built-in activity per pageTeaching idioms, summarizing, and predictingTrivial fact sheetUse manipulatives- reading rods, pocket chartUse of switchValue talesVisual reading program- multi-sensoryVisualizationVocab/Spelling words in shaving cream, gel paint, sponge or stamp lettersVoyager-journeys ProgramV-Tech Interactive T. V.Waterford programWeekly Reader“Wh” question picture cardsWhisper phones with PVC pipeWilson Reading ProgramWord and picture relationsWord bankWord familiesWorkmakerWriting their own autobiographyWriting with symbolsWriting Without Tears

20

SO C I A L SK ILLS

1-10 scale for rating feelingsABAActingAdopt-a-ClassAdopt-a-GrandparentAdvocacy groupsAnimal therapyArts enrichment“Asperger’s, What Does it Mean to Me?” bookAttendance incentivesAttendance monitorBake salesBig Brothers, Big SistersBirthday partiesBoard gamesBook buddies (possibly cross-age)Book writing (across grade levels)Boy/Girl ScoutsBuddy systemBuilding behavior finger playBullying programsBusiness partnershipsCenter time – dramatic play, cooperative play, parallel playCharacter Ed. (7 pillars)Character education booksChurchCircle of friendsClass meetingsClass petClassroom responsibilitiesClear thinkingClover-Kids, pre 4-H programClubsCognitive behavioral counseling“Comic Strip Conversations” bookCommunication labCommunity based instructionCommunity buildingCommunity forumConflict bridgeConversation/discussion groupCooking groupCooperative learning groupsCraft and art projects

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Daily life skill encountersDaily routine chart with built in social cues to force interactionDances Direct social skills instruction – large and small groupDistance from aidesEarn playing with a friend and choice of activityEarned chat timeEducating classmatesErrand runner Extended dayExtra curricular activitiesFacilitated peer practiceField tripsFloor timeFootball managersFriendship groupsGame – Conversation start-upsGame timeGames for taking turnsGardenGrace and courtesy lessonHave them do morning announcementsHaving tea"Hidden Curriculum" bookHobby group/campI can solve problem activitiesIdentifying facial emotions- cards, video, boardmakerIndoor recess social skills trainingJob trainingJob/responsibilityJobs with staff to develop skills and friendshipsJournalsLabel classmates photosLove & LogicLunch bunchMatch.comMentor program“Mind Reading” softwareMix it up Day at lunch tables by birthday, color, etc.ModelingMorning meetingMusicMusic therapy“Navigating the Social World” bookNSSRA/NWSRA Co-op groupsNumbered heads together

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Office aideOrganized games at recessOutdoor gamesOutingsOutside agency groups – Play, social, floor timeP.E. buddiesPass out snacks in classPeaceable schoolPECSPeer buddies – cross age groupsPeer leadership groupsPeer tutorsPeers as experts for playPen palPeople PEPick a buddy/friendPicnicsPlay buddiesPlay datePlayground opportunitiesPlaygroup partnersPositive peer groups"Power Cards" bookPre-teaching sports and recess gamesProblem solver for “Dear Abby”Problem solvingProject AchievePuppetsRandom acts of kindnessReading buddyRecess buddiesRelationship Development Interventions (RDI)Rent a friendReverse InclusionRole playingRole playing to practice upcoming events and situationsSaturday night get-togethers (have parents rotate weeks)School dancesSchool functionsSchool reading nightSchool reporter to interview people in school communitySchool storeSchool weathermanScript PracticeScripted activitiesSelf regulation programs

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Service learning projectsSharing MP3’sShow and tellSkill streamingSocial games that promote communication (The Un-game)Social groupsSocial mappingSocial networking (My space, facebookSocial scriptingSocial skills, behavior mapping "Social Skills Picture Book"Social StoriesSpecial OlympicsSportsSTAR (stop, think, act, react)Student council membersStudy groups“Super Skills” bookSupport groupsTable grouping Tea partyTeach appropriate social norms: hand shaking, door holding, greeting, personal spaceTeach Polly Nichols- University of IATeachable momentsTeacher/student relationshipTeam building gamesTeam managerThink/pair/share “Thinking About You, Thinking About Me” bookTolerance trainingTutoringUniversity shadowsUse of TV clips to teach emotionsVideo taping correct social behaviorVideos of children interactingVideos/films/ TV clipsVolunteeringWork in the school storeWrite three of your attributes and let peers guess who

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TEC H N O L O G Y , C O M P U T E R S , & EL E CT R O N I C AND ME C H A N I C A L DEV I C E S

4-SquareAdapted keyboardAdapted mouseAdjust font size, zoom text AirlinersAlpha SmartAtoZteacherstuff.comBattery operated toothbrushesBig MacBlack HawkBoard makerBooks on tapeBrailleBuddy BrushCalculatorCalculator with large buttonsCD Alphabet beats: capital and small lettersCD playersCell PhoneChairsCheap SpeakClassroom SuiteCoin-u-latorColor coded keysComputerComputerized AppliancesComputerized booksComputerized educational games/programsComputerized/electronic notepadCover screen as necessaryCo-WriterCPS (clickers) systemCurriculum re-enforcer programsDANADesksDestination SuccessDigital camera or video recorderDo2Learn.comDraft builderDragon Naturally SpeakingDS gamesDynavoxEar AirobicsEdhelper.com

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Electronic dictionaryElectronic organizersElmoEnlarged keyboard (color coded)EnlargingEye GazeFast ForwardFat pencil/pensFlat screen monitorsFranklin SpellerfunBrain.comGame Boy reinforcementsGeo SafariGeometry Sketch BoardGo-TalkerGraphic organizersHead pointer keyboardingHead switchHip TalkerHomophonesI ListenIndividual Dry Erase BoardsInspirationIntelliKeysIntellimathicsInternetipodJelly Bean SwitchesKey guardKeyboard in alphabetical orderKurzweilLanguage MasterLaptop computer with larger keysLCD projectorsLeap FrogLeap PadLiving BooksMagnifierMath BlastersMath padMath tutorialsMebsites, ex. IntellipecsMicrosoft WordMimioMotivaiderMove keyboard from normal to ABC or one-handed keyboard

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myRewardboard.comNova net labsOverboardPalm PilotPalmsPBSkids.comPECsPencil gripsPhonological softwarePicture ItPix WriterPLATO SoftwarePocket dictionaryPower PointPrograms that only use specific keysPrometheanQIAT list serveQuick PadRaised line paperRead and tell softwareRead and Write GoldRead PleaseReading PenResearch rather than reading a bookReward reinforcementRiftonScannersSeating/positioning Sensory Equipment- Lights, Massage, etc.Simon Sounds it OutSlant BoardsSlide show presentationSmart BoardSOLOSound system for attentionSpeaking DynamicallySpell checkerSpringboardSquishy pad chairsStarFall.comStep-by-step deviceStickers on mouse to reinforce R/LStop and Tell Story readerStudy islandSuccess Maker

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Super HawkSwitchesTalking calculatorsTalking cash registerTalking dictionary Talking wrist watchesTape recorderTeach keyboarding, internet safetyTEACHER TRAINING ON ALL THIS STUFF!Tech SpeakTech TalkTimersTimers (silent and auditory)Touch screenTouch sensitive keyboardTranslatorTripp-Trap ChairUnited streamingVantageVibracoustic matVideo and computer games related to subjectVoice activated computerVoice output devicesVoice recognition devicesWatch minderWebsites with adaptive gamesWiggle seatWordWord prediction softwareWordCentral.comWrist TalkerWrite out loudWriting with symbolsWynn

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TESTS AND ASS E S S M E N T S

1:1 testingAdvance notice, no pop quizzesAllow correction of mistakesAllow student to stand, sit, paceAllowed to use a note cardAlternate way of showing knowledge, video, audioAlternative setting (small group) no distractionsAnswer in test booklet vs. bubble sheetAnswers on sticky notes- student choosesAssistive tech: heavy pencils, highlight paper, scratch paperAudio assistanceAveraging grades to allow multiple attemptsAvoid always, sometimes, never questionsBraille testBreak test into sectionsBuilt in breaksCalculatorsChunkingCircle instead of fill in the blankClassical musicCloze methodComputer testing with modificationsConcept mappingControl visual fieldCorrections for partial creditCut/paste answersDemonstrate with manipulativesDemonstration to indicate mastery of skillsDiagram labelingDictate answersDifferent fontsDiscussion on points in class before testingDivergent assessmentDon’t grade on spelling, only contentDraw testEach student writes a questionEmail test to student to complete onlineEqual score for each part of class- quizzes, homework, attendanceExplain vocabulary/reword questionExtra credit opportunities-2nd chance pointsFewer assessment areas on a given test/narrower scopeFormula sheets“Gentle” paper colorsGive test in advance as study guide

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Given by a familiar personGroup/individual testingHave labels made when the student has to label/write diagramsHave student teach informationHeadphonesHighlight key wordsIconsIndex card used for testInterview the studentKurzweil 2000- computerized assessmentLarge printLightingLimit multiple choiceLimit test itemsLimit to key pointsLonger amount of timeMore performance based projects/assessmentsMore quizzes- more frequent, but less contentMore white spaceMultiple choiceMultiple choice with picture cards (velcro)No ScantronNO test!No time limitNutshellmath.comOmit abstract questionsOne question per pageOpen book testsOpen notesOral examsPARTICIPATION EFFORT!Pass-fail assessmentPicture cues for word bankPicture portfolio depicting tasks masteredPortfolio of workPractice ACTPractice taking the testsPretestProblem solving assessment techniquesProcess not productProject based assessmentProvide extra timeProvide manipulativesQualitative dataRead directions to studentRead test aloud

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Reduce number of itemsRepeated opportunities with increasing prompting levelsRephrase on testRetest optionReview gamesRubric/choose your gradeScanning the testSensory breaksSeparate settingSnacks/water before testSomeone to fill in ScantronSpace test from each otherStampers for answersStart test before class to finish in given timeStudent allowed to read questions out loudStudent created testsStudy groupsStudy guidesTake tests with stamps or stickersTake-home testTeach test taking skills/strategiesTeacher cues in marginTeacher observationTest available in multiple formatsTest Taker ProgramUse a variety of testing modes-multiple choice, and/or, T/F, short answerUse internet practice testsUse mints, sour sucker, hard candy, gum etc.Use of augmentative Use page protector and marker overlayUse scribeUse Time TimerUse visualsWord banksWrite on test vs. scantron

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WR ITIN G

4 square writingAdaptive paperAdaptive writing utensilsAlpha SmartAlphabet beatsAlternating color lined paperBing, Bang, BongoBlock and foam lettersBrainstorming- K(now) W(ant) L(earn)BreaksBuddy writerBusiness lettersCarbon paper for taking notesCartooning with dialogueChoice of writing materialsClass diary/Individual diaryClassroom suiteCloze activitiesColor code (green-topic; yellow-supporting details; red-conclusion)Complete my sentence (group work)Cooperative writing (telephone style)Covered overlaysCo-writerCrayons with large ‘bulbs’ for grippingDaily journalDaily oral language activitiesDialogue for CartoonsDictate to teachers, peer, tapeDictating to peer or teacherDictationDigital dictionaryDitto…Dotted lines and tracingDot-to-dot instructionDraftbuilderDragon Naturally Speaking (speech recognition software)Drawing picture storiesFill in the blankFinger paintFingerboardFoldable paper organsFranklin spellersFree writingGive expectations for number of words/sentences

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Give fewer, more detail papersGlitter glueGlue linesGraph paperGraphic organizerGroup generated storiesGuided questionsHamburger modelHandi-writerHandwriting without TearsHighlightingI BooksIllustrated writingIndividual dry erase boardsInspirationIntellikeysInteractive writingJob applicationsJournalsKansas learning strategiesKeyboard- computer/typewriterKid PixKidspirationKurzweilLabel-makerLap topsLarge/small pencilsLeapster- Letters on the LooseLetter and number strip on deskList writingMad LibsMappingMechanical pencilsMini dictionary of words they knowModel writingModelingMovements with handsNever give upNote takingNotes on websiteOccupational therapyOutlinesOverhead modelingPaint in Ziploc bagPeer editingPencil grips, weighted pencils

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Personal voicePhoto journalPick own topicPicture promptsPicture writingPix writer softwarePlay dohPocket ChartPost-It notesPPTPredictive textPre-teachingPre-writingPriming activitiesPrinting, not cursiveProgressive writingPrompting (visual, draw)Prompts in classroomProofreading strategies (capitalization, spelling, punctuation)Puffy paint (tactile learning)Rainbow writingRaised line paperRed-green dots- start to stopReduced number of paragraphsReview of a rough draftRite line paperRubricsScribeSensible pencilSensory breaksSentence startersSentence stripsSequencing activitiesShare the pen activityShared purpose-meaning of writingShortened spelling listSlanted writing surfacesSmart boardSmart writeSOLOSpacemen for word spacingSpacersSpell checkers/dictionariesSquiggle Wiggle Writer…vibratingStamps and stamping wordsStencils

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Story add-ons (class stories)Story frameStory in picturesStory startersStory templateStudent created centers (parts of speech)Student made newspaperSymbol integrationTalk typeTape paragraphTape student reading their written work and listen againTeach cursive earlyTimers TracingTraffic light writingTriangular shaped pencilsType on computer rather than writingUse Carpenters pencilsUse close method “____achary”Use keyboardingUse of tape recorder or video taping (no note-taking in the classroom)Using dry erase boardsUsing images as topicsUsing manipulative object for spacingVenn diagramsVerbalizing and visualizingVibrating pen to appeal to sensory needsVoice activated softwareVoice Activated Typing/Writing Made EasyWebbingWeighted pencilWeights-Sensory inputWikki stixWord banksWord prediction programsWrist weights- ONLY under OT supervisionWrite from cut-out picturesWrite Out LoudWrite story of favorite topicWriter’s workshopWriting across the curriculumWriting in sandWriting resource centerWriting with symbols

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