Slide 1

Graduation Project title:

DESIGN OF YABAD SECONDARY BOYS SCHOOL

An- Najah National UniversityFaculty of EngineeringDepartment of Building EngineeringDepartment of Civil EngineeringGraduation Project

Supervised ByDr .Monther Dowaikat

Prepared by:Shehadeh IsmailJameel Abu BakerRami Abu Baker

Chapter one: Introduction

GeneralMaterialsLoads Codes and standardsBuilding structural systemMain topics General:

The Ya'bad's secondary boys school is composed of one block, that consists of three floors with an area of 714 m2,and the total area of site is 3395 m2 .The ground floor includes class rooms, entrance hall, computer lab, art and crafts room and administration office.The first floor includes class rooms, teachers room and science lab.The second floor includes class rooms.The exterior walls are masonry that is formed of concrete, blocks and masonry stones. The interior walls are made of blocks. Chapter One Introduction

Materials:

Structural elements:Concrete fc` = 240 kg/cm2 Steel fy = 4200 kg/cm2.

There are non structural materials that are used in the structure which are:Blocks.Masonry stone. Tiles.Filling under tiles.

Chapter One Introduction Loads:There are two main types of loads:Gravity loads:Live load: 0.3 ton/m2 (class room).0.5 ton/ m2 (corridors and stairs) 0.5 ton/ m2 (halls and labs).0.2 ton/m2 (roof).2.5 ton/m2(stair roof)Dead load: it is consisting of own weight of the structure and any permanent components. The super imposed dead load is 0.5 ton/m2

Chapter One Introduction Lateral load Seismic loads:The structure is located in Jenin area which is classified as zone 2B according to Palestine seismic zones. The UBC97 code seismic parameters are as follows:The seismic zone factor, Z= 0.2.The soil is very dense soil and soft rock, so the soil type is Sc.The importance factor, I= 1.0 .The ductility factor, R= 5.6.The seismic coefficient, Ca=0.24.The seismic coefficient, Cv=0.32.Chapter One Introduction

Codes and Standards:ACI 318-05UBC-97IBC 2009ASTMBuilding Structural System:

The slabs structural system is formed of one way ribbed slabs with drop beams. The beams are supported by separate columns which are the main vertical structural elements. The building structural system is formed of perimeter and stair case shear walls which is the main lateral forces resisting structural system, in addition to the building frames of beams and columns.

Chapter One Introduction Chapter two: Architectural And Environmental Analysis and Design

Architectural systemEnvironmental system

Main topics Architectural system:

This building is composed of one block with three floors that includes inertial hall which make this building special compared with other schools.The area of each floor is 714m2 while the total area of building is 3395 m2 .A typical floor plan is shown in the following figure:Chapter Two Architectural And Environmental Analysis and Design

Chapter Two Architectural And Environmental Analysis and Design

West elevation

North elevationChapter Two Architectural And Environmental Analysis and Design

South elevation

East elevationChapter Two Architectural And Environmental Analysis and DesignEnvironmental system

Environmental design is very important as much as the architectural and structural design, where the environmental analysis of the location is the first step that must be carried out by the engineer .This analysis including the study of climatic factors such as solar radiation , temperature , wind and humidity in addition to thermal insulation used.

Chapter Two Architectural And Environmental Analysis and DesignClassification of the project area climate shown in this figure This area located in the climatic zone-5The design temperature in winter 8.3 and in summer 33.Relative humidity for (zone-five) is between (61.5-65.5) in summer and between (65.9-73.7) in winterThe average wind speed (7.9) km / h.

Chapter Two Architectural And Environmental Analysis and DesignWind movement in the project area:Chapter Two Architectural And Environmental Analysis and Design

Chapter Two Architectural And Environmental Analysis and DesignSolar radiation in the project area:

According to calculations the appropriate dimension of sun breaker shown in this figure.

Chapter Two Architectural And Environmental Analysis and DesignThermal insulation:The walls insulated by Polystyrene board in the middle with thermal conductivity 0.03 w/m.c and thickness 3cm and asphalt mix for ceiling with thickness 2cm as shown in this figure

Chapter Two Architectural And Environmental Analysis and DesignChapter Three: Structural Analysis and Design GeneralSlab systems and designBeam designColumn designProperty/Stiffness Modification FactorsStructural Model VerificationDesign of SlabsDesign of BeamsDesign of ColumnsDesign of FootingsDesign of stair and shear wall

Main topics Chapter ThreeStructural Analysis and DesignGeneral:This chapter includes 1D & 3D modeling for the project. The sections for slabs, beams, and columns are assumed and defined.

Structural analysis comprises of set of physical and mathematical laws required to study and predict the behavior of structures under a given set of actions. The structural analysis of the model is aimed to determine the external reactions at the supports and the internal forces like bending moments, shear forces, and normal forces for the different members. These internal member forces are used to design the cross section of three elements.1D Analysis and Design:One way ribbed slabs :The deflection is the most important factor that controls the slab thickness, Minimum thickness of one way ribbed slab from ACI318-08 equals (L/18.5) for one end continuous. Chapter Three Structural Analysis and Design

Beam design:

Generally, concrete beams have a rectangular cross section since it is easy to be constructed in the field

All beams must be able to resist shear, bending moments, and torsional stressesChapter Three Structural Analysis and DesignColumn Design:

Columns are structural elements used primarily to support axial compressive loads, that coming from slabs or beams above.

Practically columns are subjected not to axial loads but also to moment from direct loading or end rotation.Chapter Three Structural Analysis and DesignChapter ThreeStructural Analysis and DesignCompatibility check:

Chapter ThreeStructural Analysis and DesignEquilibrium Check :The total building dead load = 2084.8 tonThe total building live load= 739.58 tonThe total building super imposed dead load = 1426.992 tonFrom SAP2000: Total dead load= 2044.8 ton Total live load= 747.36 tonTotal Sup. Imp. D.L = 1461.1 tonError % in dead load = 2 %< 5% ok.Error % in live load = 1.0 %< 5% ok.Error % in super imposed D.L = 2.4 %< 5% ok.

Chapter ThreeStructural Analysis and DesignCheck Internal Forces:Slabs & Beams:In order to check the internal forces in slabs and beams the bending moment values for number of spans will be obtained from SAP2000 and compared with the value of (L2\8), where ( = 1.2D + 1.6L).

Columns:As for columns the axial force values will be compared between SAP2000 and the manual method.

- Where in any, the percentage error should not exceed 20-25 %

Chapter ThreeStructural Analysis and Design

Chapter ThreeStructural Analysis and DesignBeams of Block 1BeamDimension of beam (bXh)(cmXcm)stationArea of steel due to moment and torsionMomentShearspanArea of steel(cm) +veArea of steel(cm) -ve# of barsBottomAs minAs provided# of barsTopAs minAs provided# of barsB1830X75Left4.8257.1287.1284165.6597.1287.128416110/105Middle5.1817.1287.1284.6597.1287.12841618/15Right4.7697.1287.1285.4917.1287.128416110/10Left5.3467.1287.1284165.1207.1287.128416110/106Middle5.3467.1287.1285.6637.1287.12841618/15Right5.8187.1287.1288.2067.1288.206416110/10B1925X60Left5.1584.7035.1585147.3214.7037.321514110/101Middle7.7364.7037.7363.8204.7034.70341218/15Right4.8794.7034.8797.0594.7037.059514110/10B2025X60Left4.8054.7034.8055145.3274.7035.327512110/101Middle6.9434.7036.9433.4334.7034.70341218/15Right4.5604.7034.7035.2614.7035.261512110/10B2130X75Left4.5157.1287.1284165.8347.1287.128416110/101Middle4.6797.1287.1284.2527.1287.12841618/15Right4.5447.1287.1284.6597.1287.128416110/10Chapter ThreeStructural Analysis and DesignFloor ColumnsDetailsC1C2C31st floorSection50x2550x2540x25rebar percentage1.56%1%1%AS19.512.510.0# of bars10168168142nd floorSection50x2550x2540x25rebar percentage1.56%1%1%AS19.512.510.0# of bars10168168143rd floorSection50x2550x2540x25rebar percentage1.56%1%1%AS19.512.510.0# of bars1016816814Footing:

Footings are defined as the substructure whose function is to transmit safely the concentrated column or wall reactions to the soil stratum.footings which used in this project can be classified into the following types:

1) Isolated footing: they have rectangular, square, or circular shape. This type of footing is used for small loads, and/or large soil allowable bearing capacity.

2) Wall footing: it is a continuous footing along the length of the wall.

Chapter ThreeStructural Analysis and Design Chapter ThreeStructural Analysis and DesignIDGravity Service(ton)Seismic Service(ton)gravity area(m)seismic area(m)control area(m)Dimensions(mXm)PU( ton)H(cm)Reinforcement /mF1901053.63.23.61.8x213250714F21331345.024.15.022.1 x 2.417050814F3504621.421.4 x 1.66050714

Chapter ThreeStructural Analysis and DesignDesign Of Shear Walls:

Shear walls are vertical elements of the horizontal force resisting system

Shear walls should be located on each level of the structure, to form an effective box structure, equal length shear walls are preferred to be placed symmetrically on all exterior walls of the building.

Shear walls must provide the necessary lateral strength to resist horizontal earthquake forces. When shear walls are strong enough, they will transfer these horizontal forces to the next element in the load path below them. Design Of Stairs:

In this section stairs was designed, started by estimating the dead load and live load for this stairs, then performed and analyzed as simple model by SAP2000 program and took the deflection, shear and moment on it.

Thickness of slab:One end continuous

t =L/24use 20 cm thicknessChapter ThreeStructural Analysis and DesignSection reinforcement

Chapter ThreeStructural Analysis and DesignChapter four: Mechanical Design

Water Systems Designdrainage System designDesign of Fire ProtectionHVAC System:(heating ,ventilation and air conditioning)

Main topics Chapter four Mechanical Design Water Systems design:Feeding water to buildings depends on the idea of the fall of water under the influence of gravity from roof tank and the pressure head which is developed.

There are three collectors 1,2 and 3 in the building ,every one has pipes that diameter calculated through the total number of fixture units that belong to every one and available pressure at the fixtures then by using a relevant tables diameter determined.

Otal 39Chapter four Mechanical DesignSo the diameters was found as following: for main pipe from tank to collectors 1&2 is 2 ",and to collector 3 is 1.5 " , but for pipes from collectors to fixture is 3/4 ".Chapter four Mechanical Designdrainage System design:The diameter for drainage is determined according to the demand weight of fixtures by using the relevant tables The diameter of the main stack =4 inch.The size of the vent = 2 inchFor water closets the diameter of pipe = 4 incFor lavatories the diameter of pipe = 2 inch.For wall urinal the diameter of pipe = 2 inch.For outside pipe to septic tank the diameter =5 inch. and slope the total # of (FU)=149 so The capacity of septic tank is 18m3.

Chapter four Mechanical DesignDesign of Fire ProtectionTow systems are used; sprinklers for rooms and fire house and fire extinguisher for corridor and hall.

Chapter four Mechanical DesignThe number of sprinklers is determined according to rooms area and hazard degree of it by using this table:

So the sprinklers number for teacher &class rooms equal (4) and for art room equal (7 )and for headmaster, secretary and kitchen equal (1)

Chapter four Mechanical DesignHVAC system:(heating ,ventilation and air conditioning)(HVAC) systems function is to provide healthy and comfortable interior conditions for occupants; well-designed, efficient systems do this with minimal non-renewable energy and cost and to achieve this the Polystyrene insulation used to help in this process.Chapter four Mechanical DesignDesign conditionThis table shows the outside and inside design condition

Chapter four Mechanical DesignHeating load calculationThese equations that will we use in calculationRtotal=R1+R2++RnV vent = from tables by using rooms area and occupants V inf =ASH*room volume QLvent =3.Vvent (wi wo)Vcirc=Qs cond+Qs ven/1.2(Tcirc Ti)Qtotal=Qs cond+Qsvent+Qdoestic Qcond=A.U. t Qsvent.=1.2.Vvent (Ti To)M cir =( Qs)cond + Qs) vent)/Cpw*(Ti Td)

Chapter four Mechanical DesignTo find Qcond=A.U. t , U (over all heat transfer)is calculated for external & internal walls and for windows, doors, and floor and here an example for an external wall

Rtotal=Ri+x/k +Ro U=1/R=1.14w/ m.c

Chapter four Mechanical DesignThen all the previous equations is applied on every room to determine the heat loss through walls, windows, doors and floor for each room The sum of these values is the heating load

Q tot=Q rooms= 202400 W=202.4 KW

Q boiler =1.1*Qtotal = 222.64 Kw

Chapter four Mechanical DesignPump selectionTo select the pump for heating systemPipe length = 65 mLe =65*1.5 = 97.5 m V=m' = Qtotal/(CpT) =4.041 L/sFrom fig select the correct one which is :200 pa/m < (p/Le)< 550 pa/mThen type of pump is (HD3)

Chapter four Mechanical Designcooling calculation:for every room calculatecalculate load from people (from tables)load from lighting= W * CLF (cooling load factor for lighting)load from equipments=Qs=qs *clf Q conv wall =U*A*CLTD corr for east,west,north andsouth walls where CLTD corr =(CLTD +LM )K+(25.5-Ti)+(To-29.4 ) all these terms are from tables

Chapter four Mechanical DesignHeat Transfer through glass(windows) for all windowsQ=A*SHG*SC*CLF + U*A*(CLTD)corrall these terms are from tablesThe sum of all results from the previous calculations is theThe cooling load (Qtotal ) for ground floor = 42500 WWhich is equal to 7791.6 cfmQtotal for the chiller=42.5Kw =42.5/2.25= 19 tonThen determining of # of diffusers in each room and duct sizing

Chapter four Mechanical Design

Main topics

Chapter four: Electrical Design

IntroductionCalculation for Number of Lamps for Each SpaceSocket CalculationNumber OF Circuit Breakers Main Current and Section of WiresChapter five Electrical DesignIntroductionEver engineer must know properly how to enter electricity into the building properly and without any conflict with the rest of the disciplines

Calculations must be done to determine the number of lamps, sockets and breakers according to the demand lighting and power.

Chapter five Electrical DesignLamps used in this project

Chapter five Electrical DesignCalculation for Number of Lamps for Each Space

N = (Em * A) / (n*Fl*Km*Kn)

where N is Number of Lamps for Each Space which is shown in next figure

Chapter five Electrical Design

Chapter five Electrical DesignSocket CalculationEvery number of sockets is according to assumptionAssume every socket has (5 A)So Psocet = I * V *Df *Sf = 260 wattSo the total power for sockets in all rooms is (28080) watt

Chapter five Electrical DesignNumber OF Circuit Breakers :For lighting is 14 C.B of (10A)For power is 8 C.B of (16A)

Chapter five Electrical DesignMain Current and Section of Wirestotal load on main circuit for lighting (27)Amp and for Power(128)Amp and for main C.B is (78)sections (diameters ) of wires :

area(mm)uses1.5Lighting2.5Power50Main cable

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