Grade 12 Mathematics - Western Cape · Grade 12 Mathematics Paper 1 MEMORANDUM Other products for...
Transcript of Grade 12 Mathematics - Western Cape · Grade 12 Mathematics Paper 1 MEMORANDUM Other products for...
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National Senior CertificateGrade 12
MathematicsPaper 1
MEMORANDUMOther products for Mathematics available from Learning Channel:
2 2009 Mathematics Grade 12 Paper 1: Memorandum
MATHEMATICS EXEMPLAR EXAMINATION GRADE 12 PAPER 1
MEMORANDUM
QUESTION 1
1.1.1 x2 − 1 _
x + 1 = 2
\ x2 − 1 = 2(x + 1)
\ x2 − 1 = 2x + 2
\ x2 − 2x − 3 = 0
\ (x − 3)(x + 1) = 0
\ x = 3 or x = −1
But x ≠ −1
\ x = 3 is the solution
OR
x2 − 1 _
x + 1 = 2
\ (x + 1)(x − 1)
__ (x + 1)
= 2
\ x −1 = 2 provided x ≠ −1
\ x = 3
standard form = 0 ✓factorisation ✓both answers ✓excluding ✓ x = −1
factorisation ✓simplification correct answer
excluding ✓ x = −1
(4)
1.1.2 8 − ( x − 2)( x − 3) = 0
\ 8 − (x2 − 5x + 6) = 0
\ 8 − x2 + 5x − 6 = 0 – 1 for inaccurate rounding off for both answers.
\ − x2 + 5x + 2 = 0
\ x2 − 5x − 2 = 0
\ x = −(−5) ± √
______________ (−5)2 − 4(1)(−2) ____
2(1)
\ x = 5 ± √___
33 __ 2
\ x = 5, 37 or x = −0, 37
simplification ✓standard form ✓substitution into ✓formula
correct answers ✓
(4)
1.2.1 4x2 < 9
\ 4x2 − 9 < 0
\ (2x + 3)(2x − 3) < 0
\ – 3 _ 2 < x < 3 _
2
factorisation ✓endpoints ✓inequality notation ✓
(3)
– 3 _ 2 3 _
2
2009 Mathematics Grade 12 Paper 1: Memorandum A
1.2.2 x ∈{−1; 0 ;1} correct answer ✓ (1)
1.3 3x − y = 2
\ 3x − 2 = y
\ 3(3x − 2) + 9x2 = 4
\ 9x − 6 + 9x2 = 4
\ 9x2 + 9x −10 = 0
\ (3x + 5)(3x − 2) = 0
\ x = − 5 _ 3 or x = 2 _
3
\ y = −7 or y = 0
3 ✓ x − 2 = y
substitution ✓standard form ✓factorisation ✓both ✓ x-values
y ✓ = −7
y ✓ = 0
(7)
[19]
4 2009 Mathematics Grade 12 Paper 1: Memorandum
QUESTION 22.1 Area of triangle 1: 1 _
2 (2 cm)(2 cm) = (1)(2) cm2
Area of triangle 2: 1 _ 2 (4 cm)(3 cm) = (2)(3) cm2
Area of triangle 3: 1 _ 2 (6 cm)(4 cm) = (3)(4) cm2
Area of triangle 4: 1 _ 2 (8 cm)(5 cm) = (4)(5) cm2
The areas form the following pattern:
(1)(2) ; (2)(3) ; (3)(4) ; (4)(5) ; …
Area of triangle n: (n)(n + 1) cm2
Area of triangle 100: (100)(100 + 1) cm2 = 10 100 cm2
OR
Area of triangle 1: 1 _ 2 (2 cm)(2 cm)
Area of triangle 2: 1 _ 2 (4 cm)(3 cm)
Area of triangle 3: 1 _ 2 (6 cm)(4 cm)
Area of triangle 4: 1 _ 2 (8 cm)(5 cm)
The bases are in arithmetic sequence:
2 ; 4 ; 6 ; 8 ; 10 ; …
General term is 2 + (n −1)2 = 2n
The heights are in arithmetic sequence:
2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; …
General term is 2 + (n − 1)(1) = n + 1
Therefore, the general term for areas is:
Area of triangle n: 1 _ 2 (2n)(n + 1) cm2
= n(n + 1) cm2
Area of triangle 100: (100)(100 + 1) cm2 = 10 100 cm2
determining areas ✓establishing pattern ✓obtaining general term ✓area of 100 ✓ th triangle
determining areas ✓general terms of ✓arithmetic sequences obtaining area of nth triangle
area of 100 ✓ th triangle
2009 Mathematics Grade 12 Paper 1: Memorandum A
OR
Area of triangle 1: 1 _ 2 (2 cm)(2 cm) = 2 cm2
Area of triangle 2: 1 _ 2 (4 cm)(3 cm) = 6 cm2
Area of triangle 3: 1 _ 2 (6 cm)(4 cm) = 12 cm2
Area of triangle 4: 1 _ 2 (8 cm)(5 cm) = 20 cm2
The areas form a quadratic number pattern:
2 ; 6 ; 12 ; 20 ; …
a + b + c 2 6 12 20
3a + b 4 6 8
2a 2 2
2a = 2 3a + b = 4 a + b + c = 2
a = 1 \3(1) + b = 4 \1 + 1 + c = 2
\ b = 1 \ c = 0
Area of triangle n: (n2 + n) cm2
Area of triangle 100: [(100)2 + 100] cm2 = 10 100 cm2
determining areas ✓quadratic pattern ✓obtaining general term ✓area of 100 ✓ th triangle
(4)
2.2 n(n + 1) = 240
\ n2 + n − 240 = 0
\ (n + 16)(n −15) = 0
\ n = −16 or n = 15
But n ≠ −16
\ n = 15
The 15th triangle will have an area of 240 cm2
equating general term ✓to 240
factorising ✓obtaining 15 triangles ✓
(3)
[7]
QUESTION 3
3.1.1 1 _ 181
+ 2 _ 181
+ 3 _ 181
+ 4 _ 181
+ … + 180 _ 181
a = 1 _ 181
d = 1 _ 181
n = 180
\ S180 = 180 _ 2 [ 1 _
181 + 180 _
181 ] = 90[1] = 90
OR
S180 = 180 _ 2 [2 ( 1 _
181 ) + (179) 1 _
181 ] = 90[1] = 90
correct ✓ a and d
correct ✓ n
S ✓ n formula
correct answer ✓
(4)
6 2009 Mathematics Grade 12 Paper 1: Memorandum
3.1.2 ( 1 _ 2 ) + ( 1 _
3 + 2 _
3 ) + ( 1 _
4 + 2 _
4 + 3 _
4 ) + … + ( 1 _
181 + 2 _
181 + … + 180 _
181 )
= 1 _ 2 + 1 + 1 1 _
2 + 2 + … + 90
a = 1 _ 2 d = 1 _
2 Tn = 90
\ 1 _ 2 + (n – 1) 1 _
2 = 90
\ 1 + n – 1 = 180
\ n = 180
\ S180 = 180 _ 2 [ 1 _
2 + 90] = 90 [90 1 _
2 ] = 8 145
OR
S180 = 180 _ 2 [2 ( 1 _
2 ) + (179) ( 1 _
2 ) ] = 90 [90 1 _
2 ] = 8 145
simplifying fractions ✓to get series
✓ 1 _ 2 + (n −1) 1 _
2 = 90
n ✓ = 180
substitution into S ✓ n formula to get 8145
(4)
3.2 ar5 = √__
3
ar7 = √___
27
\ ar7 _
ar5 = √
___ 27 _
√__
3
\ r2 = √___
27 _ 3
\ r2 = √__
9
\ r2 = 3
\ r = √__
3 (terms are positive)
\ a( √__
3 )5 = √__
3
\ a = √__
3 _ ( √
__ 3 )5
\ a = 1 _ ( √
__ 3 )4
\ a = 1 _ ( 3
1 _ 2 ) 4
\ a = 1 _ 9
ar ✓ 5 = √ _ 3 ; ar7 = √
_ 27
dividing ✓r ✓ = √
_ 3
correct working with ✓surds
a ✓ = 1 _ 9
(5)
3.3.1 ∑ n = 1
∞ 2 ( 1 _
2 x) n
= 2 ( 1 _ 2 x) 1 + 2 ( 1 _
2 x) 2 + 2 ( 1 _
2 x) 3 + 2 ( 1 _
2 x) 4 + …
= x + 1 _ 2 x2 + 1 _
4 x3 + 1 _
8 x4 + …
The series converges for:
−1 < 1 _ 2 x < 1
\ −2 < x < 2
r ✓ = 1 _ 2 x
−1 < ✓ 1 _ 2 x < 1
−2 < ✓ x < 2
(3)
3.3.2 a = 1 _ 2 r = 1 _
2 ( 1 _ 2 ) = 1 _
4
\S∞ = 1 _ 2 _
1 – 1 _ 4 = 2 _
3
a ✓ and r
S ✓ ∞ formula
✓ 2 _ 3 (3)
2009 Mathematics Grade 12 Paper 1: Memorandum A
3.4 4 + 6 + 9 + 13,5 + ..........
a = 4 r = 3 _ 2 Sn = 2 000 000
\ 2 000 000 = 4 [ ( 3 _
2 ) n – 1] __
3 _ 2 – 1
\ 2 000 000 = 8 [ ( 3 _ 2 ) n – 1]
\ 250 000 = ( 3 _ 2 ) n – 1
\ 250 001 = ( 3 _ 2 ) n
\ log 3 _ 2 (250 001) = n
\ n = 30, 65422881
Malibongwe will be able to pay off the R2 000 000 on the last day of March (31 days).
constant ratio ✓correct substitution ✓into the Sn formula
use of logs ✓n ✓ = 30, 65422881
31 days ✓
(5)
[24]
QUESTION 4
4.1.1 vertical: x = −1
horizontal: y = 0
vertical asymptote ✓horizontal asymptote ✓ (2)
4.1.2
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3
–3
–2
–1
1
2
3
x
y
x =
–1
(–3; –1)
(–2; –2)
(0; 2)
(1; 1)
0
x ✓ = −1
y ✓ = 0
left branch ✓coordinates on left ✓branch
right branch ✓coordinates on right ✓branch
(6)
4.1.3 y = 2 __ x + 1 – 3
+ 2
\ y = 2 _ x − 2
+ 2
denominator: ✓ x − 2
+2 ✓ (2)
8 2009 Mathematics Grade 12 Paper 1: Memorandum
4.1.4
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3
–3
–2
–1
1
2
3
x
y
x =
–1
(–3; –1)
(–2; –2)
(0; 2)
(1; 1)
0
y = 1
Therefore 2 _ x + 1
≥ 1 for −1 < x ≤ 1
−1 < ✓ x
x ✓ ≤ 1
(2)
4.2.1 ƒ(x) = 2x2 where x ≥ 0
OR
ƒ(x) = 2x2 where x ≤ 0
x ✓ ≥ 0 OR x ≤ 0
(1)
4.2.2
x
yƒ
y = x
ƒ–1
ƒ ✓ƒ ✓ −1
2009 Mathematics Grade 12 Paper 1: Memorandum A
OR
x
y
ƒ y = x
ƒ–1
(2)
4.2.3 y = ( 1 _ 2 ) x
x = ( 1 _ 2 ) y
\ log 1 _ 2 x = y
\ g–1(x) = log 1 _ 2 x
x ✓ = ( 1 _ 2 ) y
g ✓ –1(x) = log 1 _ 2 x
(2)
4.2.4
x
y
(1; 0)
shape ✓(1; 0) ✓
(2)
4.2.5 log 1 _ 2 x < 0 for x > 1 x ✓ > 1 (1)
[20]
10 2009 Mathematics Grade 12 Paper 1: Memorandum
QUESTION 5
5.1 y = −2ƒ(x)
\ y = −2(2 cos x)
\ y = −4 cos x
90° 180° 270° 360°
–4
–2
2
4
x
y
–90°
amplitude ✓domain ✓
(2)
5.2 Amplitude is 4 amplitude ✓ (1)
5.3 y = ƒ ( x _ 2 )
\ y = 2 cos ( 1 _ 2 x)
period is 360° _ 1 _ 2 = 720°
720° ✓
(1)
5.4 g(x) = ƒ(x) − 2
g(x) = 2 cos x − 2
maximum is 0
max ✓
(1)
[5]
QUESTION 6
6.1 y = a(x + p)2 + q
\ y = a(x + 1)2 + 6
Substitute (0 ; 2) :
\ 2 = a(0 + 1)2 + 6
\ 2 = a + 6
\ 2 − 6 = a
\ a = −4
\ ƒ(x) = −4(x + 1)2 + 6
y ✓ = a(x + 1)2 + 6
Substitute (0 ; 2) ✓a ✓ = −4
ƒ( ✓ x) = −4(x + 1)2 + 6
(4)
2009 Mathematics Grade 12 Paper 1: Memorandum A
6.2 Range: y ∈ (−∞ ; 6] y ✓ ∈ (−∞ ; 6] (1)
6.3 y = −4(x + 1)2 + 6 (ƒ)
\ − y = −4(x + 1)2 + 6 (g)
\ g(x) = 4(x + 1)2 − 6
g ✓ (x) = 4(x + 1)2 − 6
(1)
[6]
QUESTION 7
7.1.1 ieƒƒ = (1 + 0,08 _
2 ) 2 –1
\ ieƒƒ = 0,0816
formula ✓0,0816 ✓ (2)
7.1.2 P = 100 000(1,0816)−4
\ P = R73 069,02
OR
P = 100 000 (1 + 0,08 _
2 ) –8
\ P = R73 069,02
formula ✓answer ✓
(2)
7.2 90 000 = 200 000 (1 − 0,08)n
\ 9 _ 20
= 0,92n
\ log0,92 ( 9 _ 20
) = n
\ n = 9,576544593
9 years and 7 months
correct substitution ✓into formula
use of logs ✓answer ✓
(3)
[7]
QUESTION 8
8.1 2 500 000 = x [(1,0075)361 – 1]
___ 0,0075
\ 2 500 000 × 0,0075 ___
[(1,0075)361 – 1] = x
\ x = R1 354,67
correct formula ✓n ✓ = 361
✓ 0,09 _
12 = 0,0075
F = 2 500 000 ✓answer ✓
(5)
8.22 500 000 =
x [1 – (1 + 0,07 _
12 ) –240
] ___
( 0,07 _
12 )
\ 2 500 000 × ( 0,07
_ 12
) ___
[1 – (1 + 0,07 _
12 ) –240
] = x
\ x = R19 382,47
correct formula ✓n ✓ = 240
✓ 0,07 _
12
P = 2 500 000 ✓answer ✓ (5)
[10]
12 2009 Mathematics Grade 12 Paper 1: Memorandum
QUESTION 9
9.1 ƒ′(x) = lim h → 0
ƒ(x + h) − ƒ(x)
___ h
\ ƒ′(x) = lim h → 0
−2(x + h)2 + 1 − (−2x2 + 1)
____ h
\ ƒ′(x) = lim h → 0
−2(x2 + 2xh + h2) + 1 + 2x2 − 1
_____ h
\ ƒ′(x) = lim h → 0
−2x2 − 4xh − 2h2 + 1 + 2x2 − 1 _____ h
\ ƒ′(x) = lim h → 0
h(−4x − 2h)
__ h
\ ƒ′(x) = lim h → 0
(−4x − 2h)
\ ƒ′(x) = −4x − 2(0)
\ ƒ′(x) = −4x
−2( ✓ x + h)2 + 1
−(−2 ✓ x2 + 1)
−2 ✓ x2 − 4xh − 2h2
✓ h(−4x − 2h)
__ h
–4 ✓ x
(5)
9.2 y = (2 √__
x – 1 _ 3x
) 2 \ y = 4x – 4 √
__ x _
3x + 1 _
9x2
\ y = 4x – 4 x 1 _ 2 _
3x + 1 _
9 x–2
\ y = 4x – 4 _ 3 x
1 _ 2 + 1 _
9 x–2
\ dy
_ dx
= 4 – 4 _ 3 × – 1 _
2 x
– 3 _ 2 + 1 _
9 × –2x–3
\ dy
_ dx
= 4 + 2 _ 3 x
– 3 _ 2 – 2 _
9 x–3
\ dy
_ dx
= 4 + 2 _ 3x 3 _ 2 – 2 _ 9x
3
4 ✓ x − 4 _ 3 x
− 1 _ 2 + 1 _
9 x −2
✓ ✓ ✓ 4 + 2 _ 3x
3 _ 2 − 2 _ 9x
3
(4)
[9]
– 1 for inaccurate notation
– 1 for inaccurate notation
2009 Mathematics Grade 12 Paper 1: Memorandum A
QUESTION 10
10.1 ƒ(x) = ax3 + bx
\ ƒ ′(x) = 3ax2 + b
\ ƒ ′(−1) = 3a(−1)2 + b
\ ƒ ′(−1) = 3a + b
Now y = x + 4
mt = 1
1 = 3a + b
Now at x = −1
y = −1 + 4 = 3
\Substitute ( − 1; 3) into the equation of ƒ :
ƒ(−1) = a(−1)3 + b(−1)
\ 3 = −a − b
\ a + b = −3
Solving simultaneously:
a = 2 and b = −5
ƒ ✓ ′(x) = 3ax2 + b
mt ✓ = 1
1 = 3 ✓ a + b
a ✓ + b = −3
a ✓ = 2
b ✓ = −5
(6)
10.2.1 y-intercept: (0 ; − 4)
x-intercepts:
0 = 2x3 − 6x − 4
\ 0 = x3 − 3x − 2
\ 0 = (x + 1)(x2 − x − 2)
\ 0 = (x + 1)(x − 2)(x + 1)
\ x = −1 or x = 2 (−1; 0) (2 ; 0)
y ✓ -intercept
0 = 2 ✓ x3 − 6x − 4
( ✓ x + 1)(x2 − x − 2) = 0
( ✓ x + 1)(x − 2)(x + 1)
x ✓ -intercepts
(5)
10.2.2 ƒ(x) = 2x3 − 6x − 4
\ ƒ ′(x) = 6x2 − 6
\ 0 = 6x2 − 6
\ 0 = x2 −1
\ x = ±1
ƒ(1) = −8
ƒ(−1) = 0
Turning points are (1; − 8) and (−1; 0)
ƒ ✓ ′(x) = 6x2 − 6
0 = 6 ✓ x2 − 6
x ✓ = ±1
(1; − 8) and (−1; 0) ✓
(4)
14 2009 Mathematics Grade 12 Paper 1: Memorandum
10.2.3
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3
–8
–6
–4
–2
2
4
x
y
0
intercepts with the ✓axes
turning points ✓shape ✓
(3)
10.2.4 ƒ′(x) = 6x2 − 6
\ ƒ″(x) = 12x
\ 0 = 12x
\ x = 0
ƒ(0) = −4
Point of inflection at (0 ; − 4)
ƒ ✓ ″(x) = 12x
x ✓ = 0
(0 ; − 4) ✓
(3)
10.2.5 p > 0 or p < −8 p > 0 ✓p < −8 ✓ (2)
QUESTION 11
11.1 A = (2x)(3x) + 2(y)(3x) + 2(y)(2x)
\ 200 = 6x2 + 6xy + 4xy
\ 200 = 6x2 + 10xy
\ 100 = 3x2 + 5xy
\ 100 − 3x2 = 5xy
\ 100 _ 5x
– 3x2 _
5x = y
\ y = 20 _ x – 3x _ 5
6 ✓ x2 + 6xy + 4xy
200 = ✓arriving at answer ✓
(3)
11.2 V = (2x)(3x)(y)
\ V = (2x)(3x) ( 20 _ x – 3x _ 5 )
\ V = (6x2) ( 20 _ x – 3x _ 5 )
\ V = 120x – 18x3 _
5
V = (2 ✓ x)(3x)(y)
V = 120 ✓ x − 18x3 _
5
(2)
2009 Mathematics Grade 12 Paper 1: Memorandum A
11.3 V(x) = 120x – 18 _ 5 x3
\ V′(x) = 120 – 18 _ 5 × 3x2
0 = 120 – 18 _ 5 × 3x2
\ 0 = 120 – 54 _ 5 x2
\ 0 = 600 – 54x2
\ 54x2 = 600
\ x2 = 600 _ 54
\ x2 = 100 _ 9
\ x = 10 _ 3
V ✓ ′(x)
V ✓ ′(x) = 0
x ✓ = 10 _ 3
(3)
[8]
QUESTION 12
12.1 x + y ≥ 10
y ≥ 1 _ 2 x
y ≤ 8
x ✓ + y ≥ 10
y ✓ ≥ 1 _ 2 x
y ✓ ≤ 8 (3)
12.2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
x
y
Blue
Red
A
B
(2; 8)
(4; 6)
(6; 4)
x ✓ + y ≥ 10
y ✓ ≥ 1 _ 2 x
y ✓ ≤ 8
feasible region ✓
(4)
12.3 C = 40x + 40y
\ 40x + 40y = C
\ 40y = −40x + C
\ y = −1x + C _ 40
C = 40 ✓ x + 40y
search line on diagram ✓(2 ; 8) ✓(4 ; 6) ✓(6 ; 4) ✓ (5)
[12]