Grade 11 Earth & Life Science (Earth System & Subsystems)
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Transcript of Grade 11 Earth & Life Science (Earth System & Subsystems)
Earth as a SYSTEM
SYSTEM - A set of interconnected components that are interacting to form a unified whole.
EXAMPLE of a system- ECOSYSTEM.(Organisms are interrelated and interacting)
Water Cycle
The Earth system is essentially a CLOSED SYSTEM.
A closed system is a system in which
there is only an exchange of heat or
energy and no exchange of matter.
The Earth receives energy from the sun and
returns some of this energy to space.
Components or subsystems of the Earth
system
THE EARTH SUBSYSTEMSBiosphere Hydrosphere
Geosphere Atmosphere
Major Themes
SCALE ENERGY CYCLE
Scale Processes in the Earth system act on length scales of microns to thousands of kilometers, and on time scales of milliseconds to millions of years.
Major Themes
Energy The Earth system is powered by one external
source: the Sun
and two internal ones:
- radioactive decay- gravitational energy (heat still being lost
from planetary formation).
Major Themes
Cycles Material in the Earth system is continually
recycled in numerous overlapping cycles.
Major Themes
TheCarbonCycle
TheRockCycle
The Hydrologic (Water) Cycle
Includes all life forms on Earth
Biosphere
It covers all ecosystems—from the soil to the rainforest, from mangroves to coral reefs, and from the plankton-rich ocean surface to the deep sea.
Photosynthesis
The Carbon Cycle
James Lovelock used the "Daisy World Model" to illustrate how the biosphere is capable ofregulating its environment.
It’s Film showing Time !
The Albedo Effect …
Dynamic mass of water that is continuously on the move
Hydrosphere
Precipitation, Evaporation, Runoff, Infiltration, etc...
The Hydrologic (Water) Cycle
1. About 70% of the Earth is covered with liquid water (hydrosphere) and much of it is in theform of ocean water.2. Only 3% of Earth's water is fresh: two-thirds are in the form of ice, and the remaining one-third is present in streams, lakes, and groundwater.
Hydrologic Cycle
Condensation, Precipitation, Evaporation, Transpiration, Infiltration, Surface Runoff.
The atmosphere is the thin gaseous layer that envelopes the lithosphere.
Atmosphere
The present atmosphere is composed of 78% nitrogen (N), 21% oxygen (O2), 0.9% argon, and trace amount of other gases.
One of the most important processes by which the heat on the Earth's surface is redistributed is through atmospheric circulation.
The Solid Earth
extends from the surface to the center
Geosphere
Connect to Earth
Create a concept map which explains how the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere are interconnected.
Use arrows and simple illustrations.
Geosphere
Atmosphere
BiosphereHydrosphere
4.6 Billion Years of Interaction
The lithosphere includes the crust and the upper part of the mantle.
LITHOSPHERE
Layers of the Earth
CRUST (continental & oceanic)
MANTLE (upper & lower)
CORE (outer & inner)
Which layer is it?
CRUST
- It’s the light and very thin outer skin of the Earth.
- The outermost layer where energy and mineral resources are derived.
Different elements that compose the Earth’s CRUST
Oxygen 46.60
Silicon 27.72
Aluminum 8.13
Iron 5.00
Calcium 3.63
Sodium 2.83
Potassium 2.59
Magnesium 2.09
Titanium 0.40
Hydrogen0.14
MANTLE
- Less dense layer- Made up of silicate rocks,
mostly made of the elements silicon, oxygen, iron and magnesium.
CORE
- Denser layer- the Earth’s magnetic field - strengthens the idea that the
Earth’s outer core is molten/liquid.
Historical Development of the concept of EARTH
SYSTEM
Sources:1. Ms. Laguda ppt. (Regional SHS Mass Training of Grade 11 Teachers)2.TG Earth & Life Science