Grab your assigned chrome book. Do not open it. Grab a rubric (from on top of the chrome

cart).

Open your journal and be prepared to take notes about sentence structure.

Entry Task 11/25:

Adapted from teacherweb.com/TX/.../ESmith/Phrases-Powerpoint-2010.ppt

Using a variety of phrases and sentence structures to add detail and fluency to your writing.

DefinitionDefinition

A phrase is a group of words that function as a unit (as modifier or noun). A phrase is not a complete sentence by itself. We will review three types of phrases: prepositional, appositive, and verbal.

Prepositional PhrasesPrepositional Phrases

A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition, a noun, as well as any modifiers of the object.

During the rodeo, the bull became belligerent.

Lauren is extremely angry about the parking ticket.

Appositive PhrasesAppositive Phrases

An appositive is a noun placed near another noun or pronoun to explain or identify it.

My favorite pastime, puddle jumping, often results in dirty shoes.

My uncle, an atrocious chef, is no Julia Childs, since he refuses to follow recipes, and

has no natural talent at all.

Verbal PhrasesVerbal Phrases

Verbal phrases are verb forms that function as nouns, adjectives or adverbs. Proper use of verbal phrases can add variety to your sentences and vigor to your writing style. There are three types of verbal phrases: participles, gerunds, and infinitives.

Participle: verb acting as an adjectiveGerund: -ing verb acting as a noun.

Infinitive: verb with “to” before it acting as a noun, adjective, or adverb

Participial PhrasesParticipial Phrases

A participial phrase functions as an adjective and can take four forms: present, past, perfect and passive perfect. It consists of the participle, its modifiers and complements.

Present:Competing in the race, the athlete felt a surge of adrenaline.

Past:Bothered by her husband’s snoring, the woman kicked the poor man.

Perfect:Having typed the paper, the student was finally able to relax.

Passive perfect:The police officer, having been threatened by the suspect, called for assistance.

Participial PhrasesParticipial Phrases

Some participles are formed from irregular verbs. Be aware that they will look different in the past form.

Past form of irregular verb:

Swept away by the storm, the building’s roof was severely destroyed.

The old toy, forgotten in a corner, was destined for the garage sale box.

Gerund PhrasesGerund Phrases

A gerund is a verbal that always ends in –ing acting as a noun. It is used in almost every way that a noun can be used. The gerund phrase consists of the gerund, its modifiers and complements.

Gerund PhrasesGerund Phrases

Appositive:

My favorite pastime, jumping in puddles, doesn’t require much thought.

Direct Object:My brother finished watering the lawn.

Subject:Piercing her ear 100 times was a decision Ruby came to regret.

When phrases go wrong (Dangling modifiers).

Don't try to pat the dog on the porch that is growling. From our seats we could see the stage clearly in the balcony. The guest speaker had dedicated his new book to his dog who was an archaeologist. I bought the red coat from the new shop owner with the enormous hood.

Covered in cream cheese, my friends will love these bagels. Many people watched the Fourth of July fireworks in their cars. We saw several monkeys on vacation in Mexico . The model posed gracefully in front of the statue in the designer gown. We saw the trapeze artist swinging dangerously through our binoculars.

As you revise…

Try to add detail to some of your sentences (probably in your commentary) through the use of these different types of phrases. Prepositional Appositive Absolute Verbal: infinitive, gerund, participial.

Peer Review

Share your paper with the person on your left.Provide feedback on their essay (on google) using the rubric expectations.

Center your comments around rubric wording. This is the writing rubric that I will primarily use for

major writing assignments. If you are ever curious about the expectations for an essay, and I haven’t given a specific rubric, this is the rubric I will use.