g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition...
Transcript of g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition...
![Page 1: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVr
à{ejU nwpñVH$m
** gmXaH$V} **
_hmamï´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ, nwUo (_m°\$)
1038/11, âb°Q> Z§. 5, ~mbmOr {Zdmg, n{hbm _Obm,
H$m°g_m°g ~±H$ boZ, {Xn ~§Jbm Mm¡H$, _m°S>ob H$m°bZr,
nwUo - 411 016
\$moZ Z§. (020) 25659090 / 32907302
Email :- [email protected]
Website :- www.moffindia.org
![Page 2: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
AZwH«$_m{UH$m
A.H«$. {df` nmZ Z§.
1 àñVmdZm 3
2 g|Ðr` eoVrMr à{Vkm 4
3 g|Ðr` eoVrMr _ybVËdo 5
4 g|Ðr` eoVrMo OmJ{VH$ ñWmZ 8
5 {nH$m§À`m gai, gwYmarV d g§{_l dmUm§Mr {ZdS> 11
6 Or.E_. {nHo$ - AZ¡g{J©H$ OZwH$ n[adVuV AÞ KmVH$ 15
7 {~`mUo / ~oUo / H§$X g§ñH$ma 19
8 noaUr - bmJdS> nÜXVr 23
9 g|Ðr` eoVrV Xoer JmB©Mo _hËd 30
10 nrH$ nmofU ì`dñWmnZ 33
11 Jm§Sy>i IV, Jm§Sy>i nmUr, Ordm_¥V, A_¥VnmUr, A°amoJ«rZ, gáYmÝ`m§Hw$a 42
12 ~hþJwUH$mar n§MJì`mMm dmna Amdí`H$ 48
13 H$sS> d amoJ ì`dñWmnZ 52
14 VUm§Mo ì`dñWmnZ 57
15 AmÀN>mXZ (Mulching) 61
16 ñd`§em{gV à_m{UH$aU nÜXVr (PGS) 63
17 g|Ðr` eoVr _mbmMo {dH«$s ì`dñWmnZ 70
![Page 3: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
àñVmdZm g|Ðr` eoVr hr EH$ OrdZ nÜXVr Amho. Ho$di {nH$m§Mo CËnÞ dmT>{dÊ`mnwaVr hr g§H$ënZm _`m©XrV Zmhr. `m_wio
g§nyU© _mZdOmVrbm `mMm \$m`Xm hmoUma Amho. „Ogm Amhma Vgm {dMma‟ AgVmo. gmpËdH$ AmhmamÀ`m godZmZo
Ë`m§Mm H$m¡Qw>§{~H$, Z¡VrH$, gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$ d _mZ{gH$ {dMma hmoUma Amho. Aem `m n{dÌ eoVr nÜXVrH$S>o EH$
^{º$nyU© ^mdZoZo nmhÿZ Ë`mMo Adb§~Z H$aÊ`mMr JaO Amho, OmJ{VH$ Vmn_mZdmT>, àXwfU, AÞgwajm `mgd©
àíZmda g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVr hm AË`§V à^mdr Cnm` Amho. \$º$ Ë`mÀ`m emór` Ñï>rH$moZmVyZ Aä`mg
H$aÊ`mMr, H$mb~ÜX H¥${VH$m`©H«$_ AmIÊ`mMr d Ë`mMr à^mdr A_§b~OmdUr H$aÊ`mMr JaO Amho.
eoVH$-`m§Zr H$_r IMm©Mr, {~ZH$Om©Mr d emídV eoVr nÜXVr Zo_H$s H$er H$amdr ho {eHw$Z KoVbo nm{hOo d
J«mhH$ OZVoZo g|Ðr` AÞgodZmMo _hËd g_OyZ agm`Z_wº$ AÞmMr _mJUr Ho$br nm{hOo. amgm`{ZH$ eoVr
H$aUo gmoS>ë`mZ§Va n{hë`mM dfu nyduEdT>o {Zìdi CËnÞ {_idVm `oVo nU Ë`mgmR>r {nH$mMo Am`wî`, {d{dY
H$mbmdYrV bmJUm-`m _ybÐì`mMr JaO, H$sS> d amoJ àmXw^m©dmMr doi BË`mXr ~maH$mB©Zo Aä`mgyZ Ë`mda
doioda g|Ðr` nÜXVrMm dmna Ho$bm nm{hOo. ~hþg§»` eoVH$ar amgm`{ZH$ IVo d H$sS>ZmeHo$ dmnaUo gmoS>VmV d
g|Ðr` eoVr H$aVmo åhUVmV na§Vw Ooìhm CËnÞ H$_r {_iVo V|ìhm go§Ðr` eoVrbm Xmof XoVmV. Anwam Aä`mg d
_ohZVrMr H$_VaVm `m XmoZ JmoîQ>r `m_mJMo Iao H$maU AgVmV.
_hmamï> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ, nwUo `m amÁ`ñVar` g§ñWoZo Amnë`m AZw^dr eoVH$ar g^mgXmÀ`m
_XVrZo “ {dkmZmYmarV go§Ðr` eoVr nÜXVr” {dH$grV Ho$br Amho d Ë`mMm \$m`Xm àË`oH$ eoVH$-`m§n ©V
nmohmoM{dÊ`mMm g§H$ën gmoS>bm Amho. `m CÔoemÀ`m gXa „à{ejU nwpñVH$m‟ V`ma Ho$br Amho. gd© g|Ðr` ào_r
ì`º$s, à{ejH$ ñd§`godr g§ñWm, emók d J«mhH$m§Zm hr {ZpíMVnUo Cn`wº$ hmoB©b Agm {dídmg Amho.
ew^oÀN>mgh!
{dH«$_ ~moHo$ IPS (R )
AÜ`j, _m°\$
![Page 4: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
g|Ðr` eoVrMr à{Vkm
^maV _mPm Xoe Amho. gmao ^maVr` _mPo ~m§Yd AmhoV.
_mÂ`m eoVrda _mPo ào_ Amho.
_mÂ`m XoemVrb nwéf d {ó`m§Zm g_mZ h¸$ Agob.
_mÂ`m XoemVrb nma§nm[aH$ ~r-{~`mUo
Am{U {d{dYVoZo ZQ>boë`m g§ñH¥$VrMm _bm A{^_mZ Amho.
Ë`m nma§nm[aH$ ~r-{~`mUo d
g|Ðr` eoVrMo g§ajU H$aÊ`mMr nmÌVm _mÂ`m A§Jr `mdr åhUyZ
_r gX¡d à`ËZ H$arZ.
_r _mÂ`m eoVrVrb qH$dm AmOy~mOybm CnbãY Agboë`m
newnjr, dZñnVr, àmUr, gyú_OrdO§Vy d
g|Ðr` ~r-{~`mUo `m§Mo g§ajU H$arZ.
_r nmÊ`mMm `mo½` dmna H$arZ d ObMam§Mo g§dY©Z H$arZ.
_r g|Ðr` IVo d ~r-{~`mUo V`ma H$éZ Ë`m§MmM dmna H$arZ d
O{_Zrbm {Od§V R>odrZ.
_r _mÂ`m g|Ðr` eoVrV {dfmar Am¡fYr amgm`{ZH$ IVo VgoM
OrdZmË_H$ à{H«$`m Ho$bobo ~rO dmnaUma Zmhr d ~rO
à{H«$`ogmR>r Z¡g{J©H$ d nma§nm[aH$ nXmWm©MmM dmna H$arZ.
_mPr g|Ðr` eoVr d _mPo g|Ðr` eoVH$ar ~m§Yd `m§À`mer {Zð>m
amIÊ`mMr _r à{Vkm H$aV Amho. Ë`m§Mo H$ë`mU Am{U Ë`m§Mm
{dH$mg `mVM _mPo gm¡»` gm_mdbobo Amho.
gm¡OÝ` - J«m_n[adV©Z , nwUo
![Page 5: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
g|Ðr` eoVrMr _ybVËdo Amnbo AmOmo~m, nUOmo~m Á`m nÜXVrZo eoVr H$aV hmoVo. Ë`mbm nma§nm[aH$ eoVr qH$dm d{S>bmonm{O©V eoVr nÜXVr
åhUVmV. h[aV H«$m§VrÀ`m H$mimV AmYw{ZH$ eoVr nÜXVrMm Adb§~ H$amdm bmJbm. AÞYmÝ`mMr VËH$mbrZ
JaO ^mJ{dÊ`mgmR>r g§H$[aV {~`mUo, amgm`{ZH$ IVo d H$sS> / amoJZeHo$, VUZmeHo$ BË`mXtMm _moR>çm
à_mUmda dmna H$aÊ`mV Ambm d CËnmXZ àM§S> à_mUmV dmT>dÊ`mV Ambo. Ë`mgmR>r \$ma _moR>r qH$_V
_moOÊ`mV Ambr. O{_ZrMr gwnrH$Vm, Ord {OdmUw§Mm ~ir {Xbm Jobm. emók ho _mÝ` H$arV ZmhrV. na§Vw
Ë`mgmR>r O{_ZrMr gwnrH$Vm, Ord {OdmUw§Mm ~ir {Xbm Jobm. emók ho _mÝ` H$arV ZmhrV. O{_ZrMr H$_r
CËnmXH$Vm d {ZgJm©À`m Ag§VwbZm_wio CX^dUmao {nH$mdarb ZdrZ AmOma `mMoM ÚmoVH$ Amho ho _moR>çm _ZmZo
_mÝ` H$am`bm hdo. gZ 1960 n`ªVMm H$mi dmS>d{S>bm§À`m Z¡g{J©H$ / g|Ðr` eoVrMmM hmoVm. gZ 1960 Vo 1980
n`ªV AmYw{ZH$ amgm`{ZH$ eoVr nÜXVr pñdH$mabr Jobr. amgm`Zm§Mo {deofV: H$sS> d amoJZmeH$m§Mo Xwîn[aUm_
OmUdë`mZ§Va 1980 Vo 2000 H$mimV EH$mpË_H$ eoVrnÜXVr = amgm`{ZH$ + Am`.nr.E_. åhUOo EH$mpË_H$
H$sS>amoJ {Z`§ÌU nÜXVrÀ`m eoVrda ^a XoÊ`mV Ambm. åhUyZM Amåhr g|Ðr` eoVrbm
“{dkmZmY[aV g|Ðr` eoVr V§ÌkmZ ” Ago g§~moYVmo. `m nÜXVr_Ü`o dmS>d{S>bm§À`m „AW©nyU© ‟ nÜXVr d
AmYw{ZH$ _mZd d emókm§Zr bmdboë`m Cn`wº$ emoYm§Mm g§J_ gmYbm Amho. Ago emooY Oo {ZgJm©bm XwImdUma
ZmhrV, n`m©daU gwajrV R>odVrb, Z¡g{J©H$ g_Vmob / g§VwbZ gmYVrb VgoM _mZd, newnjr, O_rZ, hdm,
BË`mXr Cn`wº$ Ord {OdmUw§Zm hmZr nmohmoM{dUma ZmhrV Aem emoYm§Mm \$º$ ñdrH$ma Ho$bm Amho. Xmohm|À`m
g§J_mÀ`m nÜXVrbm „AË`mYw{ZH$ eoVr ‟ åhQ>bo Amho.
Definition of Organic Farming :-
“Organic agriculture is a holistic production management system which promotes & enhances
agro-ecosystem health including biodiversity, biological cycles & soil biological activitya. It
emphasizes the use of management practices in preference to the use of on farm inputs. This is
accomplished by using, where possible, agronomic, biological & mechanical methods, as
opposed to using synthetic materials to fulfil any specific function within the system.”
![Page 6: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
H$mi ~XbV Amho. F$VwMH«$ ~XbV AmhoV, AmVm OmJ{VH$ ~mOmanoR>oer g_W©nUo ñnYm© H$am`Mr Amho. AmnbrM
Zmhr Va nwT>rb {nT>rMrhr H$miOr H$am`Mr Amho, ñdV:Mo Amamo½` g§ mim`Mo Amho. Am{W©H$ n[apñWVrV gwYmaUm
H$am`Mr Amho d ^maVmbm OJmV gwnanm°da ~Zdm`Mo Amho. Ë`mgmR>r Zo_H$s nÜXV åhUOo {àgrOZ \$m_vJ
(Precision Farming Method) Mr {ZdS> H$am`Mr Amho. Imbrb 5 H$gmoQ>`mbm Iar CVaUmar H$moUVrhr eoVr
nÜXVr {ZdS>m _J Vr amgm`{ZH$ H$m AgoZm. Imbrb 5 H$gmoQ>`mbm CVaUmar H«$m§Vr gmÜ` Pmbr Va BpÀN>V
Ü`o`nyVu hmoB©b.
1. CËnmXH$Vm H«$m§Vr (Productivity Revolution) :- Aer eoVr nÜXVr {ZdS>br nm{hOr H$s Á`m_wio O{_ZrMr CËnmXH$Vm dmT>VM OmB©b, KQ>Uma Zmhr.
h[aVH«$m§VrÀ`m H$mimV Ë`m H$mimVrb ^wHo$À`m JaOo_wio d AÞYmÝ`m§À`m ñd`§nyU©VogmR>r O{_ZrMr CËnmXH$Vm
Jm¡U _mZyZ CËnmXZ dmT>dbo na§Vw AmVm ^{dî`mV O{_ZrMr àV, gwnrH$Vm, H$g, {Od§VnUm H$moUË`m nÜXVrZo
dmT>dVm `oB©b Vr nÜXVr ñdrH$mabr nm{hOo, Ë`mgmR>r {nH$m§Mo `mo½` dmU, {dfmar agm`Zmg _‚mmd, O¡{dH$
H$sS> d amoJ ì`dñWmnZ nÜXVrMm A§JrH$ma Ho$bm VaM O{_ZrMr CËnmXH$Vm dmT>Uma Amho. amgm`{ZH$ eoVr
nÜXVr Mmby R>odbr Va CËnmXH$Vm AmUIr KQ>Uma Amho. go§Ðr` nÜXVrZo Vr KQ>Uma Va ZmhrM na§Vw daModa
dmT>VM amhrb.
2. eoVr_mbmg CËH¥$ï> àV XoUmar H«$m§Vr (Qualitative Revolution ) :- àM{bV amgm`{ZH$ eoVr nÜXVr_Ü o gJù`m eoVr_mbmMo CËnmXZ ^anya {_iVo na§Vw Ë`mMr àV AË`§V {ZH¥$ï>
XOm©Mr AgVo, ÁdmarÀ`m XmÊ`mV nm¡{ï>H$Vm Zmhr, Md Zmhr, ^mOrnmbm Va gËdhrZ Amho, dm§Jo Q>mo_°Q>mo,
AmH$mamZo _moR>o na§Vw ~oMd, _mbmMo eooë\$ bmB©\$ H$_r, Ë`m_wio bm§~ A§VamÀ`m ~mOmanoR>oV nmR>{dÊ`mg A`mo½`,
dmQ>oVM _mb ZmgVmo. amgm`{ZH$ eoVr_mbmMr Md d nm¡{ï>H$Vm H$_r Agë`mZo Amamo½`mg hmZrH$maH$ Amho.
go§Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrZo AË`§V CËH¥$îQ> MdrMo, nm¡{ï>H$ d OmXm eooë\$ bmB©\$ AgUmam eoVr_mb {_iy eH$Vmo,
AmYw{ZH$ wJmV Xoe {dXoemVrb ~mOmanoR> H$m~rO H$aÊ`mgmR>r „ MdrMo d nm¡{ï>H$ AÞ‟ CËnmXrV H$amdoM
bmJob.
![Page 7: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
3. OmñV Z\$m {_idyZ XoUmar H«$m§Vr (Profitability Revolution) :- AmOÀ`m eoVr nÜXVr_Ü o CËnmXZ OmñV {_iVo na§Vw Ë`mgmR>r IM©hr A_mn H$amdm bmJVmo. Aem n[apñWVrV
{_iUm-`m {Zìdi Zâ`mMo à_mU Aën AgVo. Aemdoir Ë`m _mbmMo ~mOmamVrb ^md H$mogibo Va H$Yr H$Yr
Ho$bobm IM©hr naV {_iV Zmhr, Aer n[apñWVr \$io d ^mOrnmë`mÀ`m ~m~VrV OmñV AmT>iVo. eoVH$-`m§Zr
Aer eoVr nÜXVr {ZdS>mdr H$s Á`m_wio _m\$H$ IM© H$éZ OmñVrV OmñV {Zìdi Z\$m {_iy eHo$b. CXm.
Q>mo_°Q>moMo 70 hOma én o IMy©Z 1 bmI én`mMo CËnÞ {_idbo Va {Zìdi Z\$m \$º$ 30,000 é. {_iVmo.
Ë`mEodOr 50 hOma én`mMoM CËnÞ \$º$ 10 hOma én`o IMy©Z {_idbo Va {Zìdi Z\$m OmñV {_iy eH$Vmo.
{edm` ~mOmamV _mbmMo ^md CVabo Va go§Ðr` eoVH$-`mbm VwbZoZo H$_r ZwH$gmZ gmogmdo bmJob. _mZdmÀ`m
hmVr Zgboë`m Z¡g{J©H$ AmnÎmr CXm. Adoir nmD$g, JmanrQ>, W§S>rMr bmQ>, dmam BË`mXr_wio eoVH$-`m§Zm
Amnbm eoVr _mb KamV `oB©n`©V emídVr dmQ>V Zmhr. Voìhm ^a_gmR> d AZmdí`H$ IMm©Mr àMbrV amgm`{ZH$
eoVr nÜXVrM nwT>o Mmby R>odyZ YmoH$m KoV ahmdm H$m` ? `mda eoVH$-`m§Zr {dMma H$amdm. AmVm “Income Risk
Management Agricutlure Production System” Adb§~Uo hr H$mimMr JaO ~Zbr Amho. eoVH$-`mbm
CËnmXZ (yield ) {dH«$_r ZH$mo, Va CËnÞ (Net Profit) {dH«$_r hdo d go§Ðr` eoVrnÜXVr Vo XoÊ`mg gj_
Amho.
4. emídV H«$m§Vr (Sustainability Revolution) :- S>m°. Oo.Eg.P§da `m§Zr eoV O{_ZrMr ì`m»`m H$aVm§Zm åhQ>bo Amho H$s, “Soil åhUOo Soul of Infinite Life”.
H$moUVrhr eoVrnÜXVr {ZdS>m Or {MañWm`r, {MaH$mbrZ, pñWa, Aì`mhVnUo emídV CËnÞ Vwåhmbm XoV amhrb.
gÜ`mMr àM{bV amgm`{ZH$ eoVrnÜXVr EH$ qH$dm XmoZ h§Jm_ Mm§Jbo CËnmXZ XoVo na§Vw Vr MT>Ë`m H«$_mZo OmñV
CËnÞ, OmñV H$mbmdYrgmR>r, nwT>rb {nT>`m§gmR>r XoUma Zmhr `mMr à{MVr AmO gJi`m§ZmM Ambr Amho.
![Page 8: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
g|Ðr` eoVrMo OmJ{VH$ ñWmZ
g§nyU© OJmV g|Ðr` eoVr_Ü`o :-
H«$_m§H$ EH$da - Ý`y{Pb§S>, Am°ñQ´>o{b`m d Š`w~m
H«$_m§H$ XmoZ - `wamon Xoe
H«$_m§H$ VrZ - b°Q>rZ A_o[aH$m d
H«$_m§H$ Mmada - ^maV d BVa Xoe AmhoV.
CnbãY AmH$S>odmarZwgma ^maVmV 3 Xebj hoŠQ>a O{_Z g|Ðr` eoVrImbr Amho. na§Vw Ë`mVrb ~arMer
O§JbmV Am¡fYr dZñnVrÀ`m énmV Agë`m_wio àË`jmV 1 Xebj hoŠQ>a O_rZ g|Ðr` eoVrImbr Ambr Amho.
hr AmH$S>odmar Xadfu daModa dmT>VM Amho.
- g|Ðr` {nH$m§_Ü o àm_w»`mZo \$iPmS>o, Mhm, H$m°\$s,_gmbm {nHo$ d _Ü`àXoem§Vrb Am¡fYr dZñnVtMm
g_mdoe Amho.
- JwOamV_Ü o 30 Vo 45 hOma hoŠQ>a O_rZ g|Ðr` H$mnyg {nH$mImbr Amho
- Amo[agm d Am§Y«àXoemV Iyn _moR>o joÌ H$m°\$s bmJdS>rImbr Amho.
- CÎmam§Mb, {_Pmoa_,Amo[agm, Ho$ai, Vm{_iZmSy>, H$ZmQ>©H$ amÁ`m§Zr g|Ðr` eoVr YmoaUmMr AmIUr Ho$br
Amho.
- _hmamîQ>mV ZmJnya oWrb [aOZb ~m`mo\${Q>©bm`Pa S>oìhb_|Q> g|Q>aMo Zmd ~XbyZ [aOZb g|Q>a Am°\$
Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ Ago Zm_H$aU H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho.
- ^maV gaH$maMm dm{UÁ` {d^mJ, AnoS>m d H¥${f {d^mJ g§ wº$nUo g|Ðr` eoVr {dH$mgmgmR>r à`ËZerb
AmhoV.
- A_o[aH$m d BVa XoemV 30 XeAãO S>m°bg© {H$_VrÀ`m g|Ðr` _mbmMr _mJUr Amho. g§nyU© OJmVrb
ZmJarH$ {df_wº$ AÞ ImÊ`mg àd¥Îm hmoV AmhoV d Ë`m_wio Xadfu g|Ðr` AÞYmÝ`mÀ`m _mJUrV 25 Vo
30 % Zr dmT> hmoV Amho.
- OJmV gdm©V OmñV g|Ðr` eoVr_mbmMr {Z`m©V ZoXab±S>, S>oÝ_mH©$ d ~opëO`_hÿZ hmoVo, Va Am`mV B§½b§S>
d ~opëO`__Ü`o hmoVo.
![Page 9: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
- ~opëO`__Ü`o 350 Img g|Ðr` XwH$mZo AmhoV Ë`mV {df_wº$ ^mOrnmbm, AÞ, _m§g, XyY, \$io,
AmB©gH«$s_ BË`mXr nXmW© {dH«$sgmR>r R>odbo OmVmV. H$mo[a`m XoemV 30 % joÌ eoVrImbr Amho. VoWrb
bmoH$g§»`m d joÌhr H$_r Amho. Ë`m XoemV 40 hOma g|Ðr` eoVH$ar AmhoV.
MrZ Xoe :- A\$mQ> bmoH$g§»`m Agboë`m MrZ XoemZo g|Ðr` eoVr_Ü`o Iyn àJVr Ho$br Amho. Ë`mgmR>r H¥${f {d^mJmbm
Green Food Policy V`ma H$aÊ`mMr {Oå_oXmar {Xbr Amho. J«rZ \y$S> H$mnm}aoeZÀ`m emIm XoemV
gJirH$S>o {ZKmë`m AmhoV. J«rZ \y$S> ñQ>moAg©_Ü`o gd© àH$maMm g|Ðr` eoVr_mb {dH«$sgmR>r R>odbm OmVmo.
MrZ_Ü`o g|Ðr` eoVrImbr 3 bj hoŠQ>a joÌ Amho. VoWrb n`m©daU {d^mJmZo Organic Food
Development Corporation (OFDC) bm {dXoemV eoVr_mb nmR>dÊ`mgmR>r {Z`_mdbr V`ma H$am`bm
gm§{JVbo Amho. OFDC OmJ{VH$ à_m{UH$aU §ÌUm åhUyZ H$m`© H$aVo. MrZ XoemV Green Food Mo J«oS>tJ
Imbrbà_mUo Ho$bo OmVo.
{hado AÞ :- 100 % g|Ðr` _mÝ`Vm 3 dfm©Z§Va àXmZ Ho$bobr
A loUr :- amgm`{ZH$ IV d H$sQ>H$ZmeH$ dmna Zmhr.
~ loUr :- WmoS>ogo IV dmnabo na§Vw A{O~mV H$sQ>H$ZmeH$ Zmhr
H$ loUr :- Amamo½`mÀ`m hmZrH$maH$ nmVirnojm H$_r _mÌoV IV d H$sQ>H$ZmeH$ dmnabobo
(Below harmful limits)
- g|Ðr` eoVrÀ`m Am§VaamîQ>r` ñnY}V OJmVrb Xoe ~-`mdmB©Q> _mJm©Mm Adb§~ H$éZ Amnbo {hV
gmYV AgVmV. àË`oH$ Xoe {deofV: A_o[aH$m Ë`m§À`m XoemVrb eoVH$-`m§Mo {hV gm§^miÊ`mgmR>r
Imbrb {Z`_, {Z{_Îmo d ~§YZmMm AmYma KoD$ Xwg-`mMm _mb `oD$ XoV ZmhrV d Amnë`m
eoVH$-`m§Mo ZwH$gmZ hmoD$ XoV ZmhrV.
1. Q>°ar\$ ~°[a`a :-
Am§VaamîQ>r` H$m`ÚmZwgma H$moUVmhr Xoe Am`mV hmoUm-`m eoVr_mbmda 300 % n`©V Am`mV H$a bmdy
eH$Vmo. VodT>r S>çwQ>r ^éZ _mb {dH$Uo Hw$Umbmhr nadS>V Zmhr.
![Page 10: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
2. Zm°ZQ>o[a\$ ~°[a`a :-
_mbmMr Am`mV {d{eï> XoemVyZ hmoVo ho {Z{_Îm H$éZ ZmH$mabo OmVo. CXm _mb H$mù`m bmoH$m§À`m
XoemVbm Amho dJ¡ao
3. ¸$m{bQ>r ~°[a`a :-
Am`mV IaoXrXmam§À`m _Ouda Adb§~yZ Amho. BÀN>m d JaO Agob VaM _mb KoVbm OmVmo. AÝ`Wm
Ë`mbm Amamo½`mbm hm{ZH$maH$ (un-hygienic), Phytosantiory {Z`_ AWdm _mZdm{YH$mamMo {Z{_Îm
(CXm. ~mbH$m_Jmam§Zm dmnéZ CËnm{XV Ho$bobm _mb Amho ho {Z{_Îm H$éZ _mb ZmH$mabm OmVmo. CXm.
^maVmVbo XyY, {~S>`m BË`mXr).
![Page 11: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
{nH$m§À`m gai, gwYm[aV d g§{_l dmUm§Mr {ZdS>
h[aVH«$m§VrMr gwédmV g§H$[aV {~`mUo dmnaÊ`mnmgyZ Pmbr. g§H$[aV dmU IVm{edm` dmT>V ZmhrV.
Ë`mda Iyn H$sS> d amoJ `oVmV Oo \$dmaUr{edm` {Z`§ÌUmV `oV ZmhrV d Ë`m_wio {~`mUo, IVo d Am¡fYo `m
{Z{dð>mda IM© Pmë`mZo eoVr nadS>V Zmhr. Ë`m{edm` g§H$[aV dmUm§À`m CËnmXZmg Md Zmhr, XOm©
{ZH¥$ð> Amho, nmofH$ _ybÐì`m§Mm A^md Amho. AmH$mamZo _moR>r \$io / ^mOrnmbm, na§Vw ~oMd bdH$a Iam~
hmoUmao (Shelf life short), bm§~daÀ`m dmhVwH$sbm A`mo½` BË`mXr H$maUm§_wio g§H$[aV dmU ZwH$gmZH$maH$
AmhoV.
g|Ðr` eoVr_Ü`o {nH$m§À`m gai qH$dm gwYm[aV qH$dm g§{_l dmUmMr {ZdS> H$aUo hm _hËdmMm ^mJ Amho.
H$mhr nma§narH$ {~`mÊ`m§nmgyZ AmOhr CÎm_ àVrMo Mm§Jbo CËnmXZ {_iVo. Ë`mda VwbZoZo H$sS> d amoJmMm
àmXw^m©d H$_r Amho. XwX¡dmZo OwÝ`m {~`mÊ`m§Mo g§dY©Z (Seed Bank) `mo½` V-hoZo hmoV Zmhr. _hmamï´>mVrb
H¥${f {dÚmnrR>m§Zr {deofV: _amR>dmS>m H¥${f {dÚmnrR>, na^UrZo {nH$m§À`m AZoH$ CÎm_ gai dmUm§Mm emoY
bmdbm Amho. ho gai, gwYm[aV dmU gH$[aV dmUm§À`m VmoS>rMo CËnmXZ XoVmVM na§Vw Ë`m§Mr àV / Md CÎm_
AgVo. Ë`m§À`m CËnmXZm_Ü`o gmVË` AgVo. (Consistency in yield) ImOJr {~`mUo H§$nÝ`m ZdrZ
g§H$[aV d g§emoYZ dmU ~mOmamV {dH«$sg Xadfu AmUV AmhoV. AmH$f©H$ \$moQ>mo Amë~_ d 1-2 eoVH$-`m§Mo
AZw d nona, _m{gH$mV à{gÜX H$éZ gm_mÝ` eoVH$-`m§Zm Vo AmH¥$ï> H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmV. Ë`m
dmUmÀ`m CËnmXZmV gmVË` (Stability) Zgë`mZo CËnÞmV gmVË` amhV Zmhr. n{hë`m dfu {_iUmao
CËnmXZ Xwg-`m {Vg-`m dfu VodT>o {_iV Zmhr. CbQ> H$sS> d amoJm§Zm Vo OmñV ~ir nS>VmV. Z§Va Vo
~mOmamVyZ AÑí` hmoVmV d Ë`mMr OmJm Xwgao g§H$[aV / g§emoYrV dmU KoVmV. 1-2 dfm©À`m h§Jm_mV Ë`m§Mo
gd© n¡go dgyb hmoVmV na§Vw eoVH$ar _mÌ \$moQ>mo d àMmambm ~ir nS>Vmo. _hmamï´>mVrb 3 H¥${f {dÚmnrR>m§Zr
g§emo{YV d {e\$mag Ho$boë`m 21 à_wI {nH$m§Mo gai / gwYm[aV / g§{_l dmU, eoVH$-`m§À`m _m{hVrgmR>r
{Xbo AmhoV. Ë`mM dmUm§Mr {ZdS> H$amdr d ImgJr H§$nÝ`mÀ`m _mohH$ Om{hamVrbm ~ir nSy>Z \$gy Z`o.
![Page 12: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
{nH$m§Mo gai / gwYm[aV / g§{_l dmU g|Ðr` eoVr H$aVmZm g§H$[aV, OZwH$ namdVuV (Or.E_) d ImOJr {~`mUo H§$nÝ`mMo g§emoYrV dmU dmné
ZH$m. Ë`mEodOr H¥${f {dÚmnrR>m§Mr Imbrb dmU dmnamdr.
A.H«$. nrH$ gai / gwYm[aV / g§{_l dmU
1 Ádmar nr.ìhr.Ho$. 400, 801, 809 Eg.nr.ìhr - 669 (ImoS>dm)
àmYmÝ` :- nr.ìhr.Ho$. 801, 809 `emoXm, _mD$br, dgwYm
aã~r nr.ìhr. Ho$.H«$m§Vr (2004) gr.Eg.ìhr - 18, gr.Eg.ìhr - 665
2 H$mnyg nr.Ho$.ìhr. aOV
EM.Ho$.EM. 081 A§Obr Oo.Eb.E. 794 (2003)
àmYmÝ` :- {dZm`H$, AZwg`m (EZEM 615)
nr.EM. 348, (`_wZm), EZ.EM. 545, Vwam~ (nr.ìhr. 255) {dZm`H$
(nr.E. 402)
3 ~mOar g§nXm, g_¥ÜXr, g~war, (E_.nr.ìhr.Ho$)
àmYmÝ` : g~war
4 ^mV gwJ§Ym, A{dîH$ma, namJ, à^mdVr, VoaUm, nr.ìhr.Ho$.JUoe (2003)
àmYmÝ` :- gwJ§Ym, \w$bo g_¥Üxr
\w$bo amYm (2004)
^moJmdVm (2004)
5 _yJ ~r.E_. 2002-01 (2004) d
\w$bo, E_ 9393 d¡^d (2001)
àmYmÝ` :- ~r.nr.E_. Ama - 145, ~r-4
~r.nr.E_.Ama 145 (2000)
nr.Ho$.ìhr, _yJ (2000)
a~r - Q>r.E.Ama.E_ - 1, 2
CÝhmir - nwgm d¡emIr,
Q>r.E. w 1, 2 (Q>r 9 nojm Mm§Jbo)
~r.S>rEZ 9-3 {dnwbm Q>r. 9230
6 CS>rX ~r.S>r. y. 1 (2001), E.Ho$.ìhr. 158, (nr.Ho$.ìhr 15), àmYmÝ` : ~r.S>r.`w - 1, Q>r.E.`y 1
Q>r.E. y 1,2 (Q>r 9 nojm Mm§Jbo)
~r.S>r.EZ 9-3, {dnwbm Q>r. 9230
7 Vya ~r.Eg.E_.Ama - 736, 853
~r.S>r.EZ. 708, (A_mob) (2003)
àmYmÝ` :- ~r.Eg.E_ Ama 736, 853
{dnwbm Q>r 9230
![Page 13: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
8 ^wB©_yJ Q>r.E.Or. 24, Q>rOr 26, Q>rOr 526, Oo.Eb. 220 (\w$boì`mg)
àmYmÝ` :- \w$bo CZn (286)
Q>rEOr 24, Q>rOr - 26
\w$bo CZn 286 (2004), Q>rEbOr 45 (2003) bmVya, Q>rnrOr 41 (2001) _. \w$bo {dÚmnrR>
9 gmo m~rZ E_.E. w.Eg 81, E_.E.`y.Eg- 71, O.Eg. 335, Q>r.E.E_. Eg 98-21 (2003)
E_.E_.Eg - 71, 81, Q>r.E.E_.Eg 38
àmYmÝ` E_.E.`w. - 71, 81 Q>r, E.E_. Eg 38
Q>r.E.E_.Eg - 38 (2003), \w$bo H$ë`mUr (S>rEg 228)2003
10 gy ©\y$b Eb,Eg-11 ({gÜXoída),
àmYmÝ` :- \w$bo, a{damO, E_.Eg. 56
E_.Eg. - 56, nr.Ho$.ìhr.Eg, E\$ - 27
11 Jhÿ E_grEg 2496, 2846, 2694 / n§MdQ>r,
Í`§~H$, bmoH$dZ
àmYmÝ` :- Hw$XaV-17, 27, Í`§~H$
Hw$XaV ( lr. aKwd§er, E_.nr.)
12 ha^am nr.Ho$.ìhr. - 2, {demb, ídoVm, ~r.S>r.EZ. - 797,
àmYmÝ` :- nr.Ho$.ìhr - 2, Oo.Or. 11
\w$bo 942525 ({X½drO`),
{dhma (2002)
13 H$aS>r nr.~r.EZ.Eg. - 12, (Hw$gy_, na^Ur) E.Ho$.Eg - 207 (2004)
àmYmÝ` : E.Ho$.Eg. 207, nr.~r.EZ.Eg. - 12 d 40
Or.Eb.Eg.E\$ - (\w$bo Hw$gy_)
14 D$g gr.Amo. 86032 (Zram), gr.Amo. 94012(2004)
àmYmÝ` :- H$mo, ìhr.Eg.Am` 9805 \w$bo 265
\w$bo 265, ìhr.Eg.Am` 9805
15 H$m§Xm \w$bo gwdUm©, nwgm aËZm, \w$bo g_W© (04)
àmYmÝ` : \w$bo g_W©
nr.ìhr.Ho$.{gboŠeZ (2004)
16 bgyU ídoVm, A°Jr\$mD§$S>
àmYmÝ` : ídoVm, JmoXmdar, `_wZm, g\o$X
Am`gr 49383
17 ^|S>r E.Ho$.Amo. ìhr. 97-16 (2004)
àmYmÝ` : \w$bo CËH$f©
\w$bo CËH$f© (2003), na^Ur _moVr AH$m© AZm{_H$m
18 dm§Jo nwgm h[aVm (2002) nwgm H«$m§Vr, d¡embr, àJVr
àmYmÝ` : H¥$îUm, `elr
H¥$îUm, `elr
![Page 14: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
19 Q>_mQ>o na^Ur `elr, amOlr, dgw§Yam AH$m©gm¡a^
àmYmÝ` : ^m½`lr, YZlr, amOlr
YZlr
20 hiX gob_, H¥$îUm, H$ñVwar
àmYmÝ` : \w$bo ñdénm, H¥$îUm
\w$bo ñdénm (2004) S>rQ>rEg (222)
21 {_aMr VoOg, \w$boÁ`moVr (1995) \w$bo gy ©_wIr
àmYmÝ` : \w$bo Á`moVr.
O`§Vr (E.Ho$.gr. 96- 39) 1996
22 T>mo~ir
{_aMr
AH$m© dg§V, AH$m© Jm¡ad, H°${b\$mo{Z©`m d§S>a
àmYmÝ` :- AH$m© A{^OrV, Jm¡ad
23 Mdir ~XZmnya - 2, \$mëJwZr, Xmo\$gbr
àmYmÝ` : \w$bo n§T>ar
H$moH$U gXm~hma
24 Ea§S>r S>rgrEg-1 Á`moVr, {JarOm, àmYmÝ` : Á`moVr
25 _mohar déUm (Q>r-59) aOZ, 5 Ho$.EZ 9 (eVmãXr) amohUr, d¡^d, H¥$îUm, Za|Ð
àmYmÝ` : gm¡a^, déUm
26 dmQ>mUm AmOu d|Oa, Ama.Ho$.Eg.gr.Or
àmYmÝ` : Odmha, aMZm
{gboŠeZ 93 (Odmha)
27 amO_m déU (E.gr.nr.Ama 94040) 2001 (dmamUer `y.nr.H$mZnya) , àmYmÝ` : gw e, déUm
gw e
{~`mUmgmR>r g§nH©$ :-
1. _hmamï´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ, (_m°\$) - nwUo 1038/11, ~mbmOr {Zdmg, âb°Q> Z§. 5, H$m°g_m°g ~±H$ boZ, {Xn ~§Jbm Mm¡H$, _m°S>°b H$m°bZr, nwUo - 411 016, \$moZ Z§. (020) 25659090, 32907302, _mo. 9881497092
2. _amR>dmS>m H¥${f {dÚmnrR> - na^Ur \$moZ Z§. (02452) 223801, 223802, 223803
3. _hmË_m \w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR> amhþar - Ah_XZJa \$moZ Z§. (02426) 243227, 243355, 243861
4. S>m°. n§Om~amd Xoe_wI H¥${f {dÚmnrR> - AH$mobm \$moZ Z§. (0724), 258200 Vo 07
![Page 15: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Or.E_. {nHo$ - AZ¡g{J©H$ OZwH$ namdVuV AÞ KmVH$
OZwH$ nardVuV (Genetically Modified) {nH$m§Mm {eaH$md ^maVmV 1997 nmgyZ gwê$ Pmbm. H$mnyg
{nH$m§_Ü`o ~r. Qr. H$mngmMo Or.E_. dmU eoVH$è`m§Zm A{YH$ CËnmXZ {_idyZ XoÊ`mÀ`m {dídmgmda {dVarV
H$aÊ`mV Ambo, na§Vw H$mbm§VamZo Ago {ZXe©Zmg Ambo H$s {dX^m©Vrb AmË_hË`m Ho$boë`m eoVH$è`m§n¡H$s 97%
eoVH$ar ~r. Q>r. H$mnyg CËnmXH$ hmoVo. hoM àbmo^Z XmIdyZ emgZ AmVm OZwH$ namdVuV dm§Jo {nH$mMo dmU
àgmarV H$arV Amho. Or.E_ {nH$m§_wio {ZgJ©, n`m©daU, H¥${f, newnjr d _mZd OmVrÀ`m Amamo½`mda
XwînarUm_ hmoVmV ho Am§Vaamï´>r` nmVirda {gÜX Pmbo Amho d ømMr A{YH¥$V Zm|X J«rZdm°M (U.K) d J«rZnrg
B§Q>aZ°eZb g§ñWmZr g§H$brV “Or. E_. H$m°ÝQ>°{_ZoeZ a{OñQ>a”_Ü o H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho.
OZwH$ nardVuV AÞ (G.M Food) H$m ZH$mo ?
1. AZ¡g{J©H$ V§ÌkmZ :- ^maVr` eoVH$è`m§gmR>r OZwH$ namdVuV V§ÌkmZ (Genetically Modified
Technology) ho daXmZ Amho. Ë`m_wio ^anya CËnÞ dmT>ob Ago emók d emgZmV\}$ ^mgdbo OmVo. ho
AgË` AgyZ `mCbQ> Aem Or.E_. AÞ godZm_wio _Zwî` d newàmÊ`m§À`m Amamo½`mda AË`§V {dnarV
n[aUm_ hmoVmo ho gà`moJ {gÜX Pmbo Amho. ho V§ÌkmZ _wimVM AZ¡g{J©H$ d AKmoar Amho. CXm.
H$mngmdarb ~m|S> Air {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r O{_ZrVrb {OdmUy§Mo OZwH$ {~`mÊ`mV dmnaUo, ^mVm_Ü o
OrdZgËd A dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r _mgo _Yrb OZwH$ dmnaUo, Q>mo_°Q>moMo gmb (H$mVS>o)OmS> H$aÊ`mgmR>r
Sw>H$amMo OZwH$ dmnaUo, _Š`m_Ü o gmnmMo OZwH$ dmnaUo, eoirMo XwYdmT>rgmR>r H$moir (Spider) Mo
OZwH$ dmnaUo. BË`mXr _mJm©Zo {ZgJ© {Z`_m{dê$ÜX V`ma Ho$boë`m Aem {nH$m§_wio EH$Va eoVmVrb
{nH$mdarb H$sS> d amoJm§Mo à_mU dmT>bo Amho. {edm` Or. E_. AÞ godZmZo _mZd OmVr_Ü`o AZoH$
AmOma d A°bOuMo à_mU dmT>bo Amho. nwamVZ H$mimV ^JdmZ am_ bú_Um§Zm ewÜXrda AmUÊ`mgmR>r
dra hZw_mZmZo Or g§OrdZr ~wQ>r dZñnVr AmUyZ `eñdr CnMma Ho$bo hmoVo.
Ë`m dZñnVrda g§emoYZ Ho$bo Va Vo AZ¡g{J©H$ hmoUma Zmhr. hr dZñnVr Q>o[aS>mo\$m`Q>m
(Pterydophyta)åhUOo \$Z© Hw$imVrb AgyZ {VMo emór` Zmd Silaginella bryopleris Amho.
nmÊ`mMm àM§S> VmU ghZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r j_Vm AgUmè`m øm dZñnVrVrb OZwH$, ^mV d Jìhmgma»`m
![Page 16: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
{nH$m§_Ü`o dmnabo Va {~ZnmÊ`mMm Jhþ d ^mVmMo nrH$ eoVH$è`m§Zm KoVm oB©b. AWm©V EH$ dZñnVrMo
OZwH$ Xwgè`m dZñnVrV dmnaUo gwÜXm {ZgJ© {Z`_m{dê$ÜXM Amho. H$maU ho Z¡g{J©H$ CËH«$m§Vr {dê$ÜX
Amho. Varhr H$mimMr JaO åhUyZ ho dmnaVm oB©b Ë`mnmgyZ {ZXmZ nydu Z_yX Ho$boë`m CXmhaUmà_mUo
^`mZH$ Xwîn[aUm_ Var hmoUma ZmhrV.
2. Or.E_ {nH$m§nmgyZ n[agamVrb {ZgJ© g§nÎmrda {dnarV n[aUm_ hmoVmo. {dX^m©V OwZr dS>, qnni, qb~,
B. d¥j dmi>V AmhoV. ^mOrnmbm AÞ {nH$m§À`m \$iYmaUoda A{Zð> n[aUm_ hmoV Amho. d Z§nwgH$Vm
{Z_m©U hmoV Amho.
3. Or. E_. {nH$m^modVr 5 {H$bmo _rQ>a n[agamVrb H$moUË`mhr CËnmXrV eoVr_mbmMo g|{Ð` à_m{UH$aU
naXoemV pñdH$mabo OmV Zmhr.
4. nydu nr. Eb 480 H$amamÝd`o ^maVmV Am`mV Pmboë`m ÁdmarVyZ JmOa JdVmÀ`m (H$m±J«og JdV)
{~`mÊ`m§Mm {eaH$md Pmbm hmoVm. AmVm Or. E_ {~`mUm§Ûmao gr. E,E_.ìhr - 35 (CaMV-35)
Q>{_©ZoQ>a à_moQ>a OrZMm ^maVmV àdoe Pmbm Amho. Ë`m_wio AÝ` {nH$m§_Ü`o ZnwgH$Vm (Sterility) `oV
Amho d AmVm ~r.Q>r. dm§½`mVrb A°{Q>~m`moQ>rH$ ao{PñQ>§Q> _mH©$a OrZ_wio _mZdmMr amoJ à{VH$ma eº$s
H$_r hmoUma Amho.
5. A_o[aHo$V Or. E_ AÞmÀ`m godZmZo BgmoZo\o${b`m _m`bo{O`m qgS>mo_ (EMS) `m aº$XmofmMm {dH$ma
hmodyZ 1989 _Ü o 36 ZmJarH$ _¥Ë`w_wIr nS>bo d 500 hÿZ A{YH$ bmoH$ H$m`_Mo An§J Pmbo.
6. g|Q>a \$m°a goë wba d _m°boŠ`wba ~m`mobm°Or h¡Ðm~mX (Am§Y«àXoe)À`m g§emoYZmZwgma Or.E_
V§ÌkmZm_wio H°$Ýga hmoVmo hr e§H$m Amho. na§Vw ^maVmV n[ajUmgmR>r AmYw{ZH$ gmo d à`moJemim
CnbãY Zgë`mZo naXoemV nS>VmiUr hmoV Amho.
7. àË`oH$ {nH$mMo _mV¥Xoe doJdoJio AmhoV. _mV¥Xoe Agboë`m MrZZo Amnë`m gmo m~rZda, noê$ Zo
~QmQ>çmda ,_opŠgH$moZo _H$m {nH$mdarb Or. E_ V§ÌkmZmbm {damoY Ho$bm Amho.
8. ~m`a H§$nZrZo g§emo{Yboë`m ZdrZ ~r. Q>r H$mnyg dmU LL 25 ({b~Q>u qbH$ - 25){nH$m§À`m
àgmaUmbm X{jU Am{\«$Ho$À`m H$_mo{S>Q>r H$å w{ZQ>rZo {damoY Zm|Xdbm Amho. H$maU gaH$sVrb
Jm°grnm°bMo à_mU 0.05 Vo 0.01 % EodOr 0.5 % Amho. Aer gaH$s n|S> OZmdam§Zr Im„r Va Ë`m§Zm
d§Ü`Ëd `oVo d AÝ` AmOma hmoVmV. VgoM Aem H$mnyg {nH$mMm nmbmnmMmoim O{_Zrda nS>ë`mZ§Va
![Page 17: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
O{_ZrVrb {OdmUy d Q>mÝgOo{ZH$ S>r. EZ.E Mm g§`moJ hmodyZ hm°arPm±Q>b OrZ Q´>mÝñ\$a (HGT)hmoVmo d
ZdZdrZ amoJm§Mr CËnÎmr hmoVo Ago AmT>iyZ Ambo Amho.
9. Jm°grnm°b (Gossypol) KQ>H$mMo à_mU AgUmè`m ~r. Q>r H$mngmMr gaH$s n|S> OZmdam§Zm Imdy
KmVë`mg Ë`m§Zm ídmg KoÊ`mg H$ï> hmoVmV, Aeº$nUm `oVmo, g§S>mg bmJVo, d§YËd àmá hmoVo d ôX` d
`H¥$Vmda A{Zð> n[aUm_ hmodyZ _¥Ë y g§ dVmo.
10. amo_m{Z`m XoemZo Or. E_. _H$m (MON 810) dmU _mZd, newYZ d n`m©daUmgmR>r KmVH$ Agë`mMo
AmT>ië`mZo XoemZo 15 E{àb 2008 nmgyZ ~§Xr AmUbr Amho.
11. ImoS>{H$S>çmgmR>r à{V~§YH$ AgUmè`m Or. E_. _H$m {nH$m_wio dÝ`Ord,(Wildlife) H¥${f d
_mZdOmVrMo Amamo½` YmoŠ`mV Agë`mMo AmT>ië`mZo \«$mÝg, h§Joar, Am°ñQ´>r`m, nmob§S> , J«rg Xoem§Zr
~§Xr Ho$br Amho.
12. Or. E_ {nH$m§Mo Adeof O{_Zrda nSy>Z Ë`mVrb Q>m°ŠgrÝg (Toxins) O{_ZrV Imobda Joë`mZo Jm§Sw>io,
OrdO§Vy, _w§½`m, H$moir, \w$bnmIao , BË`mXrda à{VHw$b n[aUm_ hmoVmo ho gà`moJ {gÜX Pmbo Amho.
13. Or. E_. dmUmnmgyZ V`ma Ho$boë`m H$nS>çm_wio ËdMmamoJ hmoVmV ho {gÜX Pmë`m_wio Zm°Z Or.E_.
H$mngmMr _mJUr O_©Zr Xoem_YyZ _moR>çm à_mUmda hmoV Amho.
14. Or. E_ gmo m~rZ n|S>rÀ`m godZm_wio OZmdam§Zm AZoH$ Xmof hmoVmV ho _m{hV Agë`m_wio AZoH$ Xoem§Zr
CXmhaZmW© pìhEQ>Zm_, OnmZ, MrZ, X{jU H$moar`m, B§S>moZo{e`m, ~§mJbm Xoe, nm{H$ñVmZ `m§Zr
^maVmH$S>o Zm°Z Or. E_ gmo`m~rZgmR>r _mJUr Ho$br Amho.
15. naXoemVrb à`moJ -
Or. E_. ~Q>mQ>o Imdy KmVboë`m C§Xam§Mr 3 _{hÝ`mZo _|XyMr AYuM dmT> Pmbr d amoJ à{VH$maH$eº$s hr H$_r Pmbr
Or. E_. _H$m Imdy KmVboë`m gemÀ`m earam_Yrb BZQ>© Or. E_. ìhm`ag nwÝhm {Od§V hmodyZ Ë`mbm H°$ÝgaZo nN>mS>bo.
MrZ_Yrb gmg© amoJ Or. E_. gmo`m~rZMo godZ ~§X Ho$ë`mZo bJoM {Z`§ÌUmV Amë`mMo AmT>ibo.
\«$mÝg_Ü o Or. E_ _H$m MON 863 C§Xam§Zm Imdy KmVë`mda Ë`m§Mo `H¥$V d _wÌqnS> {~KS>ë`mMo AmT>ibo.
![Page 18: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Or. E_. AÞ godZm_wio g§nyU© Ordg¥ï>r d _mZd OmVrÀ`m Amamo½`mda A{Zð> n[aUm_ hmoVmo ho {Z{d©dmXnUo
{gÜX Pmbo Amho . H|$Ð emgZ ^maVr` eoVH$è`m§Mo {hV d ZmJ[aH$m§À`m Amamo½`mnojm {dXoer ~hþamï´>r`
H§$nÝ`mÀ`m {hVmMrM A{YH$ H$miOr H$arV Amho ho ñnï> Amho. AmVm Or. E_. dm§Jo {nH$mMm àdoe hmoV Amho.
Ë`mÀ`m bmJdS>r_wio dm§Jo {nH$m§Mo BVa Xoer dmU Zm_eof hmoÊ`mMm YmoH$m Amho. g§nyU© OJmV ^maVmEdT>çm
dm§½`mÀ`m {d{dY OmVr H$moUË`mM XoemV ZmhrV. ^maV gaH$maZo ~hþamï>r` H§$nÝ`m§Mo {hVg§~§Y OnÊ`mgmR>r
Or. E_. {nH$m§Mm ^maVmV àdoe A{YH$ gwH$a d ËdarV ìhmdm åhUyZ nmD$bo CMbbr AmhoV.
Or. E_. {damoYr A{^`mZmgmR>r lr. {dH«$_ ~moHo$ (_m°\$), lr. _°Ï y (gr.dm`.S>r.E), lr. ^dmZr Xmg
({ñdgES>), lr_Vr. H${dVm Hw$aJw§Q>r (gr. Eg. E. h¡Ðm~mX), S>m°. Šbm°S> Aëìhmarg (Amo\$m` Jmodm),
lr. XÎmm nmQ>rb ( wdm, ZmJnya), g§ñH¥$Vr _oZZ (CEE nwUo), Or.E_. \«$s B§{S>`m H$moEA{beZ, h_mam ~rO
A{^`mZ, J«m_n[adV©Z BË`mXr g§KQ>Zm BË`mXr OmoaXma à`ËZ H$arV AmhoV. Or. E_. H$mngm_mJmo_mJ
^{dî`mV H«$_mZo Or. E_.dm§Jo, ^|S>r, ^mV, Vya d Q>mo_°Q>mo BË`mXr H«$_mZo 56 {nHo$ àgmarV hmoUma AmhoV. Ë`m_wio
AmVmM àIa H$aUo JaOoMo Amho.
h[aVH«$m§Vr H$mimV amgm`{ZH$ IVo d Am¡fY dmnamMm A{VaoH$ Pmë`mMo Amnë`mbm C{eam H$m hmoB©Zm bjmV
Ambo d AmVm hiyhiy Ë`mMo à_mU H$aUo Amnë`m hmVmV Var Amho. na§Vw Or. E_. {nHo$ EH$Xm ^maVmV Ambr H$s
Ë`mMm {eaH$md Wm§~dUo _mZdmÀ`m hmVmV amhUma Zmhr. Vw_Mr {H$Vrhr B©ÀN>m Agbr Var Vwåhr Vo Wm§~dy eH$Uma
Zmhr. H$maU ho V§ÌkmZ Anamd¥Îmr` (Irreversible) Amho ømMr Jm§^r`m©Zo gdmªZr Zm|X KoUo JaOoMo Amho.
A_o[aHo$Zo ~hþamï´>r` YZmT²>` H§$nÝ`mÛmao ^maVm{dê$ÜX nwH$mabo ho O¡d wÜX (Biowar) Amho. ho gdmªZr bjmV
KoVbo nm{hOo. Or. E_. dm§Jo godZm_wio nwT>rb qnT>r§À`mhr em[aarH$ , ~m¡ÜXrH$ d _mZ{gH$ dmT>rda A{Zð>
n[aUm_ hmoUma Amho. ZmJ[aH$m§À`m Amamo½`mer Ioi H$aUmè`m `m amï´>Ðmohr H¥$Vrbm g§nyU© g_mOmZo H$S>mSy>Z
{damoY Ho$bm nm{hOo d {ZXmZ Amnë`m AmJm_r {nT>rÀ`m H$ë`mUmgmR>r Var H|$ÐemgZmH$S>o {d{dY _mJm©Zo {ZfoY
Zm|XdUo JaOoMo Amho. àË`oH$ ZmJ[aH$m§Zr ^maVr` g§{dYmZ KQ>ZoÀ`m 21 H$b_mÝd`o Right of life dmnaÊ`mMr
doi AmVm Ambr Amho.
![Page 19: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
{~`mUo / ~oUo / H§$X g§ñH$ma
lr. _mohZ e§H$a Xoenm§S>o Ë`m§Zr „g§ñH$ma‟ hm A{Ve` `mo½` eãX {Xbm Amho, à{H«$`m {Z{O©dmda hmoVo, g§ñH$ma
gOrdmda hmoVmV ho åhUUo gmW© Amho. g|Ðr` eoVr_Ü`o 3 à_wI H$maUm§gmR>r {~`mUo / H§$X / ~oUo g§ñH$marV
H$amdo bmJVmV.
1. {~`mUo / H§$X / {~`mÊ`mMr CJdU Omo_Xma d bdH$a ìhmdr.
2. {~`mUo d amonm§Mo H$sS> d amoJmnmgyZ g§ajU ìhmdo
3. CJdUrZ§Va nmÊ`mMm g§^mì` VmU ghZ H$aÊ`mMr j_Vm `mdr.
eoVH$-`m§Zr `mo½` O_rZ d {nH$mÀ`m dmUmMr {ZdS> Ho$ë`mZ§VaMm H¥$Vr H$m`©H«$_ Imbr {Xbm Amho.
1. CJdU j_Vm VnmgUo :- EH$Xm noaUr Pmbr H$s amonm§Mr g§»`m {dai Pmbobr XmQ> H$aVm `oV Zmhr. na§Vw XmQ> noaUr Ho$br Va {daiUr
H$aVm oVo. XmoÝht ~m~VrV ZwH$gmZ Amho. PmS>mMr àVr h oŠQ>a g§»`m (Plant population ) H$_r Agob Va
CËnÞ KQ>Vo d OmñV Agbo Var CËnÞmda n[aUm_ hmoVmo. {edm` OmXm {~`mÊ`m§Mm AmJmdy IM© hmoVmo. hr
n[apñWVr Q>miÊ`mgmR>r eoVH$-`m§Zr 8 {Xdg noaUrAmYr {~`mÊ`mMr CJdU eº$s VnmgyZ nhmdr. hr
nÕV A{Ve` gmonr, Cn`wº$ d Ho$di 4 {Xdgm§V nyU© hmoUmar Amho. 6 nmZr dV©_mZnÌ nmÊ`mV ~wS>dyZ
H$mT>m. nyU© nmUr {ZWiy Úm. O{_Zrda Vo A§Wam. noaUr H$amd`mÀ`m {~`mÊ`mVyZ 100 XmUo _moOyZ ¿`m.
Ë`mVrb 10 XmUo nonaÀ`m EH$m ~mOybm Cä`m aofoV gmYmaU 3 g|_r. A§Vamda R>odyZ EH$ bhmZ KS>r H$éZ
PmH$m (diH$Q>r KmbVmZm n{hbr KS>r KmbVmV Ë`mà_mUo) Z§Va 50 XmUo Ë`mM nÜXVrZo A§WéZ Xwgar
KS>r Kmbm. `mà_mUo 10 KS>çm KmVë`mZ§Va nonaMr diH$Q>r nyU© hmoB©b. hr diH$Q>r EH$m ßb°pñQ>H$À`m
VwH$S>`mV Jw§S>miyZ KarM Q>o~bmImbr (CÝhmV ZH$mo) R>odyZ Úmdr, Mma {XdgmZ§Va H°$ar~°J H$mTy>Z diH$Q>r
gmdH$me CH$bm. _moS> Amboë`m geº$ amonm§Mr g§»`m _moOm. `mdéZ CJdU eº$sMo à_mU eoH$S>m {H$Vr
Amho Vo g_OVo. àË`oH$ {nH$mMr {H$_mZ CJdU eº$s {ZpíMV Ho$br Amho. CXm. Ádmar 75 %, H$mnyg 65 %,
Vya, _yJ, CS>rX 75%, gmo`m~rZbm 70 % CJdU hdr. Oa Amnë`m n[ajUmV gmo m~rZÀ`m 60 %
{~`mÊ`mbm Oa _moS> Ambo AgVrb Va {~`mUo noaVmZm 30 Vo 35 {H$bmo J«°_Zr noamdo
![Page 20: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
bmJVo. åhUOo hoŠQ>ar Ano{jV PmS>m§Mr g§»`m {_iob d CËnmXZhr Mm§Jbo oB©b. Amåhr a~r qH$dm CÝhmir
h§Jm_mV gmo`m~rZ noaVmo Ë`mMr CJdUeº$s 91 % {_iVo Ë`m_wio àVr 40 Ama 35 {H$bmo EodOr \$º$ 20
{H$bmo J«°_ {~`mUo bmJVo. {~`mÊ`mdarb IM© dmM{dUo, `mo½` Ë`m à_mUmVM {~`mUo noaUo d Ano{jV
PmS>m§Mr g§»`m àVr hoŠQ>ar R>odÊ`mgmR>r darb ~m~r AË`§V _hËdmÀ`m AmhoV.
2. {~`mUo / ~oUo / H§$X g§ñH$ma :-
Jhÿ, Ádmar, Vya, ^wB©_yJ, _yJ, CS>rX, H$mnyg, gy ©\y$b BË`mXr {~`mUo qH$dm Ho$ir, hiXrMo H§$X AWdm
D$gmMo ~oUo Agmo Ë`mbm `mo½` g|Ðr` {_lUm§Mo g§ñH$ma H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. g§ñH$ma H$éZ {~`mUo noabo
Va AënmdYrV Omo_Xma CJdVo. amoJ {H$S>rnmgyZ _wº$ amhVo. CJdë`mZ§Va Oa WmoS>mgm nmÊ`mMm VmU
nS>bm Var amono ghZ H$é eH$VmV. gd©gmYmaUnUo Imbrb {_lU g§ñH$mamgmR>r dmnamdo. Amnë`m
AZw dmdéZ eoVH$ar Ë`mV WmoS>m\$ma \$aH$ H$é eH$VmV Ë`m_wio ZwH$gmZ hmoUma Zmhr.
1. ~m§~wÀ`m _wi`m OdiMr / dméimMr / H$Sw>Cqb~m ImbMr / nm§XZrMr _mVr - 1 {H$bmo
2. Xoer JmB©Mo qH$dm Xoer ~¡bmMo eoU - 1 {H$bmoJ«°_
3. Xoer JmB©Mo _yÌ - 1 {bQ>a
4. Xoer JmB©Mo XyY - 100 {_br
5. H$irMm MwZm - 50 J«°_
darb {_lUmÀ`m (Entomopathophagus & nutritional property) _wio CJdU CÎm_, H$sS> amoJmbm
à{V~§YH$, nrH$ nmofUmg ghmæ`^yV d nmÊ`mMm VmU A§eV: ghZ H$aÊ`mMr eº$s àmá hmoVo. dméimÀ`m
_mVr_Ü`o Ag§»` ~°ŠQ>o[a`m d amoJZmeH$ ~waer AgVmV. ~m§~wÀ`m _wi`mOdirb _mVrV {gbrH$mMo àM§S> à_mU
AgVo.
Xoer Jm` g|Ðr` eoVrgmR>r gdm©Îm_ Agë`mZo Ë`m§MoM eoU_yÌ dmnamdo. Vo CnbãY Zgob Va Xoer ~¡b Mmbob.
{~`mUo / ~oUo / H§$X, darb ÐmdUmV ~wS>dmdo d gmdbrV dmidyZ bJoM noamdo. Ë`mVrb KQ>H$m§Mo à_mU {~`mUo /
~oUo g§ñH$mamÀ`m à_mUmZwgma H$_r OmñV H$amdo. Amåhr nydu {OdmUyg§dY©Ho$ darb {_lUmV {_giV hmoVmo na§Vw
AZw dmZo Ago {ZXe©Zmg Ambo H$s Mm§Jbo _wabobo eoUIV MmiyZ qH$dm Kar V`ma Ho$boë`m Jm§Sy>i IVm~amo~a
A°PmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a - 250 J«°_ (EH$Xb {nH$mgmR>r), am`Pmo{Z`_ - 250 J«°_ (pìXXb {nH$mgmR>r),
![Page 21: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
nrEg~r - 1 {H$bmo, Q´>m`H$moS>_m© pìharS>r - AYm© {H$bmo (^mOrnmbm {nH$mgmR>r) {OdmUyg§dY©H$, 48 Vmg AmYr
{_giyZ Oa Vo nrH$ CJdyZ Amë`mda n{hë`m H$moinUrÀ`m doir gaË`mZo AmoirV noéZ {Xbo Va Vo OmñV
Cn`wº$ d n[aUm_H$maH$ AgVo. {~`mÊ`mbm {OdmUyg§dY©H$ bmdyZ noabo d noaUrZ§Va nmdgmMr CKS>rn Pmbr
Va O{_ZrMo Vmn_mZ dmT>Vo d Voìhm OrdmUy _aVmV Ë`m_wio H$moinUrÀ`m doir darb nÜXVrZo Vo noabo Va Ë`m
H$mimV O{_ZrVrb Vmn_mZ d AmЩVm {OdmUyg nmofH$ Agë`mZo Vo A{YH$ H$m`©j_nUo H$m © H$é eH$VmV.
noaUrZ§Va 10-15 {Xdgm§Zr Imbrb {_lU XmoZ AmoirV noamdo.
{_lUmMo à_mU à{V 40 Ama
1. Mmibobo eoUIV qH$dm Jm§Sy>iIV - 4 q¸$Q>b
2. A°PmQ>mo~°ŠQ>a {OdmUyg§dY©H$ - 250 J«°_
3. am`Pmo{~`_ {OdmUyg§dY©H$ - 250 J«°_
4. nrEg~r - 1 {H$bmo
5. Q´>m`H$moS>_m© pìharS>r - 500 J«°_
eoVH$-`m§Zr {OdmUyg§dY©Ho$ d O¡{dH$ ~waerZmeH$ dJiVm H$moUVrhr AÝ` {Z{dîR>m CXm. Jm§Sy>iIV, g|Ðr`
IV, g|Ðr` Am¡fYo ~mOmamVrb XwH$mZmVyZ {dH$V KoD$ Z`oV. {OdmUw g§dY©H$mMr JaOgwÜXm gwédmVrMo 1-2
df}M AgVo Ë`mZ§Va O_rZ {OdmUy§Zr g_¥ÜX Pmë`mda ^{dî`mV H$moUVohr {OdmUyg§dY©H$ dmnaÊ`mMr JaO
nS>V Zmhr. n{hë`mM dfu CËnÞ KQy> Z`o åhUyZ Vr gwédmVrMr 1-2 df}M dmnamdrV Ago Am_Mo _V Amho .
~mOmamVrb XwH$mZmV CnbãY AgUm-`m g|Ðr` IVo, Am¡fYo Jm§Sw>i IV, gyú__ybÐì`m§Mr {_lUo BË`mXr
{Z{dð>m§Mr àV d n[aUm_m{df`r H$moUVrhr ImÌr Zmhr. ZH$br, ^ogi d {ZH¥$ï> XOm©Mr g|Ðr` CËnmXZo
H$maImZXma {~Z{X¸$VnUo {dH$VmV. Aem àg§Jr eoVH$-`m§Zr Ë`m§À`mgmR>r V`ma Ho$boë`m Xwg-`m Omù`mV
AmnU AS>H$Uma Zmhr `mMr H$miOr ¿`mdr.
Q´>m`H$moS>_m© pìharS>r hr ~waer AgyZ Vr O{_ZrVrb d {nH$mdarb hm{ZH$maH$ ~waerMm Zme H$aVo. g|Ðr`
eoVr_Ü`o ho AË`§V ~hþJwUr Cn`wº$ O¡{dH$ ~waerZmeH$ {d{dY àH$mao dmnaVm oVo.
![Page 22: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
1. {~`mÊ`mbm bmdÊ`mgmR>r 1 J«°_ à{V {H$bmo {~`mUo
2. ^mOrnmbm amonmMm JmXrdm\$m qH$dm O{_Zrda qenÊ`mgmR>r 200 J«°_ à{V Mm¡. _rQ>a
3. ^mOrnmbm amono ñWbm§Vamnydu ~wS>dyZ bmdÊ`mgmR>r - 5 J«°_ àVr {bQ>a nmUr
4. {nH$mda \$dmaUr gmR>r 1 J«°_ à{V {bQ>a nmUr
eoVmV {d{dY a§JmMr _mVr AgVo àË oH$ a§JmMr WmoS>r WmoS>r _mVr Jmoim H$amdr d Ë`mV Xoer JmB©Mo eoU H$mbdmdo,
{~`mUo Q>mHy$Z Ë`mV Jmo_yÌmÀ`m gmømZo nyU© {^OV R>odmdo. _mVrÀ`m (^y_mVm) ^mdZm {Od§V {~`mÊ`mV
éOë`mZo amonQ>o CÎm_ CJdVo d nwT>o dmT>rb bmJVo.
Jhÿ d BVa {~`mÊ`mg 2 {H$bmo {Od§V dméimMr _mVr, 1 {H$bmo eoU, 1 {bQ>a Jmo_yÌ {_lUm§Mo g§ñH$ma Ho$bo Va
CJdUeº$s dmT>Vo, nrH$ CÎm_ `oVo Agm AZw^d Amho.
![Page 23: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
noaUr - bmJdS> nÜXV
àM{bV amgm`{ZH$ eoVr nÜXVr_Ü`o EH$M nrH$ noaÊ`mMr {e\$mag H$aVmV. qZXUo, \$dmaUr, H$mnUr
BË`mXr gmo rMo Agë`mZo Vr Ho$bobr AgVo. naXoemV _OwamMr H$_VaVm Agë`m_wio noaUr, \$dmaUr,
H$mnUr BË`mXr H$m_o `§ÌmÀ`m gmh`mZo Ho$br OmVmV. nmíMmË`mMr hrM nÜXV AmnU S>moio PmHy$Z CMbbr.
dmñV{dH$ nmhVm Amnbo nyd©O nÅ>m nÜXV, {_lnrH$, OmoS> Amoir BË`mXr OmUrdnyd©H$ H$arVM hmoVo. g|Ðr`
eoVrnÜXVrbm EH$ nrH$ nÜXVr _mÝ` Zmhr. ~hþnrH$ nÜXVrMr {e\$mag Imbrb hoVw gmÜ` H$aÊ`mgmR>r
Ho$br OmVo.
1. {nH$m§Mo `mo½` nmofU hmoVo (EH$Xb d pìXXb {nH$m§À`m Amoir)
2. H$sS> d amoJ ì`dñWmnZmg Cn`wº$ (gmnim {nHo$ B.)
3. H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ AmhmamÀ`m JaOm ^mJVmV. (V¥UYmÝ o, S>mir, Vob B)
4. Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZ gwgh` hmoVo (Z¡g{J©H$ AmnÎmr, ~mOma^mdmV KgaU B.)
AmOH$mbMo A{ZpíMV nO©Ý`_mZ, ~XbVo dmVmdaU, Vmn_mZ, W§S>r, JmanrQ>, dmXi BË`mXrÀ`m nmíd©^y_rda
EH$ nrH$ nÜXVrV g§nyU© ZwH$gmZ hmoÊ`mEodOr ~hþnrH$ nÜXVr pñdH$maë`mg EH$Var nrH$ hmVr oD$Z eoVH$-
`mbm Am{W©H$ AmYma {_iVmo. Ë`m{edm` darb AÝ` \$m`Xohr {_iVmV. AmYw{ZH$ ^mfoV gm§Jm`Mo Pmë`mg
AmVm (Income Risk Management Agriculture Technique) hr H$mimMr JaO ~Zbr Amho.
_hmamï>mVë`m H¥${f {dÚmnrR>m§Zr {nH$mÀ`m gai dmUmMm emoY bmdyZ CËH¥$ï> H$m`© Ho$bo Amho. Ë`m~amo~aM
{nH$mÀ`m ghOrdZ nÜXVrda hr g§emoYZ Ho$bo Amho. EH$_oH$m§Zm nyaH$ AgUmar {nHo$, C§MrMm d dmT>rÀ`m doJmMm
n[aUm_, O{_ZrMr gwnrH$Vm dmT>{dÊ`mMr Cn`wŠÎmm BË`mXr ~m~t{df`r g§emoYZ H$éZ Imbrb Am§Va{nH$m§Mr
{ZdS> Ho$br Amho.
![Page 24: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
g|Ðr` eoVrgmR>r `mo½` Am§VanrH$ nÜXVr :-
A.H«$. {nH$m§Mo Zmd AmoitMr g§»`m
1 Ádmar / _H$m + gmo m~rZ
Ádmar + Vya
1:2, 4:2
3:3 qH$dm 4:2
2 Ádmar + _yJ$/ Mdir 3:3
3 Ádmar + CS>rX 3:3
4 a~r Ádmar + H$aS>B© 6:3
5 Iarn ^wB©_yJ + gy ©\y$b 6:2
6 Iarn ^wB©_yJ + Ádmar / _H$m 6:2
7 Iarn ^wB©_yJ + Vya / Ea§S>r 6:1, 3:1
8 Iarn ^wB©_yJ + H$mnyg 6:1
9 gmo m~rZ + Vri 6:1
10 gmo m~rZ + Vya 4:2, 2:1
11 H$mnyg + Mdir 1:3, 2:3
12 H$mnyg + gmo`m~rZ 1:1, 1:2
13 H$mnyg + CS>rX / _yJ 1:3
14 H$mnyg + _H$m / A§~mS>r / ^Ja / P|Sy>
15 H$mnyg + Ádmar + Vya + Ádmar 6:1, 2:1
16 ~mOar + Vya 3:3, 2:1
17 ~mOar + _Q>H$s 2:1
18 _yJ / CS>rX + Vya 3:1
19 Vya + Vri 1:2
20 Ea§S>r + YZo 1:2, 1:3
21 Ea§S>r + gmo m~rZ 1:1
![Page 25: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
22 H$aS>r + ha^am 3:3, 6:3, 2:1, 3:6
23 D$g + ~Q>mQ>m 1:2, 1:3
24 D$g + ha^am 1:3
25 ^|S>r + Mdir 1:2, 1:3
26 T>mo~ir {_aMr + _H$m / Ádmar 1:2, 1:3
27 H$mo~r + KodS>m / _mohar 1:1, 1:2
28 Q>mo_°Q>mo + H$mo~r / P|Sw> 2:2, 3:3
29 Q>mo_°Q>mo + {_aMr / H$mo~r 2:2, 3:3
30 _H$m + Vya 4:1
31 gy ©\y$b + Y|Mm 6:1, 9:1
32 Q>mo_°Q>mo / dm§Jo + _yim / H$moWt~ra 2:1, 3:2
33 Jhÿ + _mohar 4:2
34 Q>mo_°Q>mo + P|Sy> 2:1
35 Vya + _mohar / Odg / H$moWt~ra 2:1
36 ~mOar + _yJ$ / CS>rX 3:1
37 ~mOar + hþbJm 3:2
38 Vya + gy ©\y$b 4:2
39 H$mnyg + Vya 4:2
40 _H$m + ^wB©_yJ 2:1
41 _H$m + KodS>m + Mdir 2:2
42 nmZH$mo~r + Q>mo_°Q>mo 2:2
43 ~Q>mQ>o + H$m§Xo / KodS>m / gmo`m~rZ / Q>mo_°Q>mo / _H$m 4:2
44 _H$m + aVmir / {Iam H$mH$S>r 1:2
45 H$mH$S>r + _H$m 2:1
46 Q>a~wO + _H$m / ~mOar (1 _{hZm AmYr) 2:1
![Page 26: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
2. noaUr X{jUmoÎma H$amdr :-
eoVO_rZ MT>CVmamMr Agë`mg H§$Qy>a nÜXVrZo noaUr H$amdr. O_rZ g_nmVirV Agob Va X{jUmoÎma
noaUr H$amdr. Ë`m_wio Imbrb \$m`Xo hmoVrV.
{Xdg^amMr gy ©{H$aUo PmS>mÀ`m g§nyU© ^mJmda nS>Vrb d àH$me g§íbofU {H«$`m (Photosynethesis)
dmT>ë`mZo CËnmXZ dmT>ob. AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmV gy ©eº$sZo _hËd àm. Xm^moiH$a d Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Mo
{eî` lr. gwaoe XogmB© (~oiJmd) h`m§Zr nwaonya OmUbo. PmS>m§Zr OmñV gy ©eº$s IoMë`mZo CËnmXZ
dmT>Vo ho àm. Xm^moiH$agam§Zr gà_mU[aË`m Ðmj {nH$m§da XmIdyZ {Xbo Amho. nydu Ðmj bmJdS> B§J«Or
(T) nÜXVrZo A±Jb bmdyZ H$aV hmoVo. Ë`mZ§Va Ë`mV gwYmaUm H$éZ A°JbMm AmH$ma (Y) Pmbm d
nmZm§Zr AmUIr gy ©eº$s IoMyZ ¿`mdr åhUyZ Ë`mMm n¥ð>^mJ (Surface Area) dmT>dyZ {dñVmarV
„ `y ‟ åhUOo Agm Pmbm d Ho$di h`m nÜXVr_wio ÐmjmMo CËnmXZ 2 Vo 5 Q>Z àVr 40 Ama dmT>dyZ
XmIdbo. gy ©eº$sMo AZÝ` gmYmaU _hËd bjmV KoVm eoVH$-`m§Zr H$moUVohr {nH$ X{jUmoÎma noamdo d
Amnbo CËnmXZ dmT>dmdo.
{nHo$ amÌr H$m~©ZS>m`Am°ŠgmB©S> dm y dmVmdaUmV gmoS>VmV. Vmo dm y nyd©pßeM_ {XeoZo dmhUm-`m
dm-`m~amo~a eoVm~mhoa OmD$ Z`o åhUyZ noaUr X{jUmoÎma H$amdr. Ë`m_wio H$m~©Z S>m`Am°ŠgmB©S> dm y
eoVmVM amhVmo d àH$me g§íbofU {H«$ obm _XV H$aVmo. eoV _moR>o Agob Va X{jUmoÎma {XeoZo R>am{dH$
A§Vamda O¡{dH$ ~m§Y ( JOamO Amoi) KmVbo Va Co2 dm`y AS>ob d PmS>m§À`m dmT>rbm _XV H$aob.
lr. gwaoe XogmBªZr hr nÜXV {dH${gV Ho$br Amho. `mda emókm§Zr à`moJ H$éZ A{YH$ g§emoYZ
H$amdo.
{nH$m§Mr noaUr X{jUmoÎma Ho$ë`mZo CÎma d X{jU Y«wdmÀ`m Mw§~H$s` n[aUm_m§_wµio (Polar Magnetic
effect) {nH$mÀ`m dmT>rda AZwHy$b n[aUm_ hmoVmo. Mw§~H$s` bmQ>m§_wio (Magnetic resonance waves)
{nH$m§Mo CËnmXZ dmYVo, Agm emókm§Mm Xmdm Amho. åhUyZ eoVH$-`m§Zr gd© {nH$m§Mr noaUr / bmJdS>
X{jUmoÎma H$amdr.
![Page 27: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
3. noaUrMo A§Va :- H¥${f {dÚmnrR>m§Zr àË oH$ {nH$m§Mr noaUr {H$Vr A§Vamda H$amdr `mMo {ZX}e Ho$bo Amho. Ë`mV WmoS>m \$aH$
H$amdm bmJob. Q>moH$U nÜXVrZo bmJdS> H$aUm-`m {nH$m_Ü o (CXm. H$mnyg) XmoZ AmoitVrb A§Va XmoZ
PmS>mVrb A§Vamnojm 15 Vo 30 g|._r OmñV Agmdo. H$mnyg bmJdS> 90 ~m` 90 go_r, 60 ~m` 60 g|_r, 120
~m` 120 g|_r H$aVm 90 ~m` 60 g|_r qH$dm 60 ~m` 45 g|_r H$amdr. Amnbr O_rZ, _mJrb dfm©Mm AZw^d
bjmV KoD$Z A§Va {H$Vr R>odmdo hm {ZU© ñdV:bmM ¿`mdm bmJob. XmoZ AmoirVbo A§Va, XmoZ PmS>m§À`m
A§Vamnojm OmñV R>odë`mZo \$m`Xm hmoVmo. Q>moH$U Ho$boë`m {nH$mV C^r d AmS>dr Am§Va_emJV H$aVm oVo.
nrH$ dmT>ë`mZ§Va EH$ doi Aer `oVo H$s, \$º$ EHo$arM d {Vhr eodQ>Mr H$moinUr XoUo eŠ` AgVo. Ë`mdoir
dIamÀ`m \$mgmbm / nmoVo ~m§YyZ nmir {Xbr Va H$mngmÀ`m ~wS>mer OmñVrV OmñV _mVr bmJob Ë`m_wio
{nH$mÀ`m ~wS>m§er OmñV {Xdg Amobmdm {Q>Hy$Z amhrb d nmÊ`mMm VmU nS>ë`mda O{_Zrbm ^oJm nSy>Z
~m|S>mMr Ji hmoVo, Vr hmoUma Zmhr. gd©M {nH$m§À`m ~m~VrV ho V§Ì Adb§~mZo bmJob.
4. A°amoJ«rZMr noaUr :-
g|Ðr` eoVH$-`m§Zr noaUr H$aVm§Zm _ZmV Xwhoar hoVy R>odyZ {nH$m§Mr {ZdS> H$amdr. EH$Va Ë`m_wio nrH$
nmofUmg _XV hmoB©b VgoM H$sS> d amoJ ì`dñWmnZobm ghmæ`^yV hmoB©b. Am_Mo ñZohr lr. gwaoe XogmB©À`m
_Vo H$moUVohr nrH$ noaVm§Zm gmo~V ha^ao 2 {H$bmoJ«°_, YZo 500 J«°_, _oWr 500 J«°_ d Vri 100 J«°_ noamdo. hr
{nHo$ 2 _{hÝ`mMr Pmë`mda H$mnmdr d _w»` {nH$m§À`m AmoirV ngéZ Ë`mMo AmÀN>mXZ H$amdo. Ë`m_wio _w»`
{nH$mMo nmofU hmoVo VgoM H$sS> d amoJmnmgyZ g§ajU {_iVo.
5. {~`mUo EH${ÌV H$éZ noaUr :- lr. ^¡æ`mgmho~ Jmd§S>o am. Zm`Jmd, Vm. ~m^yiJmd, {O. `dV_mi (\$moZ (07232 / 272331)) d
lr. AÊUmgmho~ Zmam`Uamd ^mo a, am. Zma§JrZJa, Vm. {O. `dV_mi (\$moZ 07232 / 246984)
Ë`m§À`mH$S>o OdiOdi 40 hoŠQ>a O_rZ Amho. gZ 1910 nmgyZ XmoKohr Imbrb nÜXVrZo noaUr H$aVmV.
gmo m~rZ ho.Eg. 335 40 {H$bmoJ«°_, Vya (~rEgE_Ama 736) 4 {H$bmoJ«°_ d Ádmar (ídoVm 801) 250 J«°_ gd©
EH$Ì H$aVmV. {_gµiVmV d {V\$UrZo noaVmV. doJdoJi`m Amoir ZgVmV. H$moUVohr amgm`{ZH$ IV dmnaV
![Page 28: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
ZmhrV d H$moUVohr {dfmar H$sS>ZmeH$ dmnamV ZmhrV. {H$Vrhr H$sS> nS>bm Var \$dmaUr H$arV ZmhrV.
n{hbm ~hma Oar 100 % H$sS>J«ñV Pmbm Var Xwgam ~hma `oVmo d Xaå`mZ eoVmV {_Ì {H$S>r, namon{Odr
H$sQ>H$, na^jr {H$Q>H$, nmIao EdT>r dmT>VmV H$s Ë`m§Zm H$sQ>H$ZmeH$ Z dmnaVm CÎm_ nrH$ `oVo. Ë`m§Zm
gamgar gmo`m~rZMo 20 Vo 25 {¸$Q>§b, VwarMo 6 Vo 8 q¸$Q>b d ÁdmarMo 2.5 Vo 5 q¸$Q>b CËnmXZ à{V 40 Ama
{_iVo. Agm XmoKm§Mmhr AZw d Amho. BVa eoVH$-`m§Zrhr `mMr à{MVr ¿`mdr. lr. Jmd§S>o d lr. ^mo`a
`dV_mi) {nH$m§Mm \o$anmbQ> H$aÊ`mgmWr 10-10 hoŠQ>aÀ`m ßbm°Q>_Ü`o AmbQy>Z nmbQy>Z Imbrb {~`mÊ`m§Mo
{_lU noaVmV. CS>rX + Vya + _yJ, H$mnyg + Vri, _yJ + H$mnyg + _Q>H$s + Vri Ago {_lU noaVmV.
H$mnUrV Ìmg hmoV Zmhr Agm Ë`m§Mm AZw^d Amho.
gm§nim {nH$mMr noaUr :- gmnim nrHo$ :-
gmnim {nHo$ eoVmV bmdyZ {_Ì {H$S>rMr g§»`m dmT>dVm `oVo. Aer gmnim nrHo$ H$mnyg, Q>mo_°Q>mo d BVa ^mOrnmbm
{nH$mV bmdë`mg boS>r~S>© {~Q>b d H«$m`gmonmgmaIMr {_Ì{H$S>r dmT>VmV _wJ, CS>rX Mdir , gm`m~rZ , _H$m,
amim, P|Sy>, A§~mS>r, gw ©\y$b B. {nH$m§Mm Am§V^m©d Ho$ë`mg eoVmV {_Ì{H$S>r Am{U njm§Mr OmonmgZm hmoVo Ago
g§emoYZmZo d eoVH$è`m§À`m AZw dmZo {gÜX Ho$bo Amho.
gmnim {nH$mMo \$m`Xo :-
1. P|Sw>_wio {Z_°Q>moS> Am{U gyÌH¥$_rMo {Z`§ÌU hmoVo.
2. P|Sy>À`m \w$bmMo CËnÞ {_iVo.
3. _w»` {nH$mMo CáÞ KQ>ë`mg Mdir d _Š`mMo CËnÞ {_iVo. ~è`mM doim Q>mo_°Q>mo nojmhr Mdir d BVa
Am§Va {nH$mMo CËnÞ OmñV {_iVo Agm eoVH$è`m§Mm AZw^d Amho.
4. Mdirdarb {_Ì{H$S>r Ogo boS>r~S>© {~Q>b, _mdm , VwS>VwS>o d BVa eÌw{H$S>rMm \$S>em nmS>VmV.
5. _Š`mda H«$m`gmonm {h {_Ì{H$S> dmT>Vo, Or _mì`mMr EH$ hOmanojmhr OmñV A§S>r \$ñV H$aVo.
6. _Š`mÀ`m C§M {nH$mda njr ~gVmV d Vo nrH$m§darb Aù`m d {H$S>tZm ImVmV.
![Page 29: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
EH$mpË_H$ {H$S> {Z`§ÌU nÜXVrZo eÌw {H$S>rMm, {_Ì{H$S>rÛmao Zm`ZmQ> H$aVm oVmo. Xa 15 {Xdgm§Zr qZ~moir
AH©$ \$dmaUr H$am. Amdí`H$Vm ^mgë`mg XenUu AH©$ \$dmaUr H$ê$Z {H$S>r d gd© àH$maÀ`m Aù`m§Mo
{Z §ÌU H$aVm oVo.
1. g|Ðr` nÜXVrZo H$mnyg bmdVm§Zm {nH$m^modVr 2 Amoir _H$m {nH$m§À`m Q>moH$mì`mV. H$mngmÀ`m
àË`oH$ 10 AmoirZ§Va EH$ Amoi bmb A§~mS>rMr (Hibiscus subdariffa) \w$brda Q>mH$mdr.
H$mngm§À`m AmoirV 10 g|_r. A§Va R>odyZ ng-`m OmVrMr Mdir (Tendril OmñV Agbobo)
noamdr. H$mngmÀ`m \w$brda MwŠ`mÀ`m (Zm§Jo) {R>H$mUr ^Ja, P|Sw>, amZdm§Jo bmdmdoV. H$mngmMo
g§nyU© nmofU d H$sS> / amoJmMo ì`dñWmnZ hmoB©b.
2. AmOH$mb gd©gmYmaUnUo gd©M {nH$m§Zm A_o[aH$Z ~m|S>mirMm Ìmg hmoVmo. nydu ha^am \$º$
ImUmar. hr KmQ>oAir AmVm {Za{Zami`m 140 dZñnVrda Amnbr CnOr{dH$m H$aVo. Á`m
{nH$mda `m AirMm àmXw^m©d Amho Ë`m {nH$m^modVr 2 Amoir _H$m qH$dm ÁdmarÀ`m noamì`mV.
Ádmar, _Š`mÀ`m \w$bmda _mì`mMo d ~m|S>AirMo eÌy{H$S>o CXm. Q>m`H$moJ«m_m, H«$m`gmonm, boS>r~S>©,
~rQ>b B. dmT>VmV d Ë`m_wio O¡{dH$ ì`dñWmnZ hmoVo.
![Page 30: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
g|{Ð` eoVrV Xoer JmB©Mo _hËd àmMrZ gwObm_ gw\$bm_ g_¥ÜX ^maVmMm H¥${f g§ñH¥${V hr Jmog§ñH¥${V hmoVr. O_rZ hr AÞnyUm© hmoVr H$maU
g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVr_wio {VMr gwnrH$Vm Omonmgbr OmV hmoVr Am{U g|{Ð` eoVrMm _wi nm`m ^maVr` Xoer
Jmod§e KmbV hmoVm Am{U åhUyZM àË`oH$ eoVH$è`mH$S>o _w~bH$ newYZ Agm`Mo. H$mimÀ`m AmoKmV
amgm`{ZH$ eoVrMm àMma d àgma H$aVm H$aVm Ë`m§Mm A{VaoH$s dmna hmoV Jobm Am{U Am_À`m ~iramOmMo
newhr Jobo Am{U new~amo~a Ë`mMo YZhr Jobo. AmnUmg JV d¡^d nwÝhm àmá H$am`Mo Agob Va g|{Ð`
eoVrg n`m© Zmhr Am{U ^maVr` d§emÀ`m Xoer JmB©{edm` `eñdrnUo g|{Ð` eoVr H$aUo eŠ` Zmhr. øm
àH$aUmV AmnU g|{Ð` eoVrV Xoer JmB©Mo _hËd ho g_OmdyZ KoUma AmhmoV.
g|{Ð` eoVrV Xoer Jm`M H$m ?
Xoer Jm` ídgZmdmQ>o OodT>m Am°ŠgrOZ KoVo Ë`mn¡H$s H$mhr Am°ŠgrOZ _wº$ ñdê$nmV ~mhoa gmoS>Vo.
åhUyZ nydu Q>r.~r. À`m amo½`mbm JmB©À`m JmoR>çmV R>odV hmoVo.
à`moJm§Vr {gÜX Pmbo H$s eoVrbm Cn`moJr nS>Umè`m OrdmUy§Mr g§»`m Ogu, hmoëñQ>oZ JmB©À`m
eoUmnojm Xoer JmB©À`m eoUmV H¡$H$ noQ>rZo OmñV AgVo.
Jm`rÀ`m ImÊ`mV MwHy$Z Oar {dfmar nXmW© Ambm Va Ë`mMm A§e XyY , _yÌ d eoUm_Ü`o `ooV Zmhr.
Xoer JmB©Mo qeJ, nmR>rMm H$Um d dqeS> `m§Mo Img d¡{eï> åhUOo gw ©{H$aUm§Mo XyYm_Ü o
ñdU©jm§a H$aÊ`mMo AgVo åhUyZ Jm`rÀ`m XyYm VynmMm a§J {ndiga AgVmo.
Xoer Jm`rMo eoU , Jmo_yÌ d VohVrg H$moQ>r Xod :-
Jmo_`o dgVo bú_r Ago åhUVmV. `mMm AW© Jm`rÀ`m eoUmV bú_rMm dmg AgVmo. bú_r åhUOo
Jmo_`mV (Jm`rÀ`m eoUmV ) AgUmao AãOmdYr , AZ§V H$moQ>r d AZ§V àH$maMo OrdmUy øm OrdmUy§Mr
noaUr Ordm_¥VmÀ`m ê$nmVyZ O{_ZrV {daOU åhUyZ Q>mH$m`Mo AgVo. Am{U åhUyZM EH$M Xoer Jm`
nmiyZ AmnUmg 20 Vo 30 EH$a eoVr ghO g|{Ð` eoVr nÜXVrZo H$aVm `oVo. AmíM`© dmQ>Vo Zm AmOM
gwê$ H$am d ImÌr H$ê$Z ¿`m.
![Page 31: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
OoWo dñVy Amho VoWo JVr AmhoM OoWo JVr Amho VoWo e{º$ Amho. JVr_wioM eº$sMr {Z{_©Vr hmoVo. eº$sMr
AZoH$ ê$no AmhoV. àË`oH$ e{º$bm AmnU Xodê$n _mZVmo. eº$s Añî` _J Xod Var Ñí` ñdê$nmV
{Xgob H$gm AmnU \$º$ e{º$Mo àVrH$ åhUyZ Xodm§À`m à{V_m _mZVmo. Aem VohVrg àH$maÀ`m e{º$Mo
dgVrñWmZ Jm`r_Ü`o AgVo. WmoS>Š`mV Jm`rÀ`m Jmo_wÌm_Ü`o VohVrg àH$maÀ`m dñVy AgVmV. H$moQ>rMm
gai AW© àH$ma Agm Amho. VohVrg àH$maÀ`m e{º$Mm Cn`moJ Jm`rÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ _mZdmbm hmody
eH$Vmo. åhUyZ Jm` n{dÌ d {VÀ`mV VohVrg H$moQ>r Xodm§Mr dgVr. WmoS>Š`mV Jm` A{V n{dÌ Am{U
g|{Ð` eoVrÀ`m Ñï>rZo Jm` hr Iar H$m_YoZyM Amho.
Jmo_yÌmÀ`m dmnamZo amoJ d H$sS> {Z §ÌU :-
Jmo_yÌ Xoer Jm`rMoM hdo Ago Zmhr Va Xoer Jmod§em_Yrb H$moUmMohr _yÌ MmbVo. Jm` bhmZ, _moR>r
åhmVmar Agbr Var MmbVo, nmS>m, ~¡b Agbm Var MmbVmo. nU Ë`mÀ`m _yÌmMr Vrd«Vm OmñV Agë`mZo Vo
H$_r à_mUmV dmnamdo bmJVo. XyY XoUmar Jm` Agbr Va Ë`m Jmo_yÌmV b°ŠQ>moO Agë`mZo A{YoH$
\$m`Xm hmoVmo. Xoer Jm`rMo Jmo_yÌ {_idV AgVmZmgwÜXm Vr Jm` 24 Vmg JmoR>çmV ~m§Ybobr Zgmdr. Vr
_moH$ù`m dmVmdaUm_Ü`o Hw$aUm_Ü o dZm_Ü`o MaUmar Agmdr. Jm^U Jm` Agob Va {VÀ`m
Jmo_yÌm_Ü`o hm_m}Ýg AgVmV. Ë`mÀ`m_wio dZñnVr {ZamoJr amhÊ`mg _XV hmoVo.
Jmo_yÌ H$go hdo :-
Jmo_yÌ gmR>dV AgVmZm Vo H$mS>r H$Mam , eoU {_{lV Zgmdo, ñdÀN> \$S>Š`mVyZ JmiyZ R>§odmdo. Jmo_yÌ
OwZo {VVHo$ Mm§Jbo Vo pñQ>b qH$dm YmVyÀ`m ^m§S>çm_Ü o R>ody Z`o. nmaXe©H$ H$mMoÀ`m qH$dm _mVrÀ`m
_S>Š`m_Ü`o PmHy$Z R>odmdo.
{nH$m§Zm {H$S> d OrdmUyOÝ` AmOma hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm AgVo. Ë`mda Jmo_yÌmMm dmna hm am_~mU Cnm`.
`oWo VohVrg H$moQ>r Xod Jmo_yÌm_Yrb VohVrg àH$maMo KQ>H$ H$m`©aV hmoVmV. Ë`mMm n[aUm_ åhUyZ {H$S>r,
~waerOÝ` d {dfmUyOÝ` amoJ niyZ OmVmV. gd© AÞmMo `mo½` [aË`m ÁdbZ H$ê$Z e{º$ {Z_m©U
H$aÊ`mMr j_Vm Jmo_yÌm_Ü`o Amho.
Jmo_yÌm_Ü`o J§YH$ AgVo.
ZÌ, ñ\w$aX, nmbme, bmoh, H°$pëe`_, gmo{S> _ BË`mXr nXmW© AgVmV. Vo dZñnVrbm {ZamoJr
Am{U geº$ R>odÊ`mg _XV H$aVmV.
![Page 32: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
_°JZrO d H$m~m}{bH$ A°{gS> Jmo_yÌm_Ü`o AgVo. Ë`m_wio Vo {H$Q>H$ZmeH$mMo H$m_ H$aVmV d {H$S> {Z{_©Vrhr Wm§~Vo. Jmo_yÌm_Ü`o Vm§~o AgVo. ho Vm§~o VrZ àH$maMo H$m_ H$aVo. gOrdmMo M`mnM`m_Ü`o {Z_m©U Pmbobo Vm§~o d¡{eîQ>`nyU© AgVo.
Vm_« wº$ Jmo_yÌ _moaMyXmMo {H$Q>H$ZmeH$mMo H$m_ H$aVo.
gd© {dídm_Ü o {dÚwV Mw§~H$s` bhar AgVmV. Vm§ã`mÀ`m JwUY_m©_wio Ë`m bhatMm pñdH$ma dZñnVrH$Sy>Z _moR>çm à_mUmV hmoVmo. Ë`m_wio dZñnVrbm e{º$ {_iVo. dZñnVr geº$ d {ZamoJr amhVo.
dZñnVr_Ü oM Ë`m Vm§ã`mMo ê$nm§Va ñdU©jmam_Ü`o Ho$bo OmVo. Ë`m ñdU©jmam_wioM dZñnVr VoobXma {ZamoJr amhVo.
Jmo_yÌ dmnamdo H$go :-
Jmo_yÌ Xoer Jm`rMoM hdo. Oa Vo Xoer Jm`rMo Agob Va 15 {bQ>a nmÊ`mÀ`m n§nm_Ü`o 100 Vo 150 {_.br. Jmo_yÌ {_giyZ Am¡fY \$dmaVmV Î`mà_mUo n§nmZo \$dmamdo. EH$ EH$a joÌmgmR>r Mma Vo nmM n§n bmJVmV.
Jmo_yÌ \$dmaÊ`mMr doi gH$mir 10 nwdu d g§Ü`mH$mir 4 Z§VaMr eŠ` Pmbo Va Agmdr.
Xoer ~¡bmMo Jmo_yÌ Agob Va 70 Vo 100 {_.br. àË`oH$ 15 {bQ>a nmÊ`m_Ü o {_gimdo.
Xa AmR> {Xdgm§Zr \$dmaÊ`mMo gmVË` amIbo Va Ho$irMr H°$Ýga g_Obm OmUmam nU©JwÀN> nyU©nUo Zmhrgm hmoVmo.
\$iPmS>m§_Ü`o \w$bmoam oÊ`mnydu Am{U Amë`mZ§Va hr dmnaë`mZo \$bYmaUm {dnwb hmoVo. \$º$ dmnaÊ`mV gmVË` hdo.
Xoer d g§H$arV JmB©À`m eoUmÀ`m JwUdÎmoMm Aä`mg Pmbm Amho Vmo nwT>rbà_mUo :-
Xoer d g§H$arV JmB©À`m eoUmMr JwUdÎmm
A.H«$. KQ>H$ g{hdmb Jm` ({_.J«° / {H$bmoJ«°_)
g§H$[aV Jm` ({_.J«° / {H$bmoJ«°_)
1 bmoh 102.63 64.06 2 OñV 10.66 10.64 3 H$m°na 2.66 2.41 4 _°¾o{e`_ 2764.83 2942.46 5 H°$pëe`_ 1276.67 833.23 6 nmoQ>°{e`_ 1583.75 1663.69
(g§X © :- ^m^m A°Q>mo_rH$ [agM© g|Q>a, _w§~B©)
![Page 33: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
nrH$ nmofU ì`dñWmnZ
{nH$m§À`m `mo½` dmT>rgmR>r d g§nyU© n[anmofU hmoÊ`mgmR>r Imbrb KQ>H$m§Mm g_mdoe nm{hOo. ~mOmamVyZ H$mhrhr
{dH$V Z AmUVm KarM V`ma Ho$bobo, CnbãY Agbobo KQ>H$ dmnamdoV.
1. {nH$mÀ`m gai / gwYmarV / g§{_l dmUm§Mr noaUr :-
darb dmUm§À`m nrH$nmofUmgmR>r _m\$H$ nrH$nmofH$ Ðì`m§Mr JaO bmJVo. g§H$arV {nH$m§Mr yH$ d JaO _mÌ
àM§S> AgVo. Ë`m_wio gai dmU WmoS> m nmofUmZo Mm§Jbr dmT>VmV.
2. {_lnrH$ / Am§Va {nH$m§Mr noaUr :-
dZñnVtZm gmhM © AmdS>Vo. EH$M nrH$ Z bmdVm _Ü`o 2-3 doJdoJir {nHo$ bmdmdrV. `mVyZ hmoUmam
\$m`Xm åhUOo {_l {nH$m§Mo CËnmXZ Va {_iVoM nU _w»` nrH$hr H$sS> amoJm§nmgyZ _wº$ amhVo. CXm.
Q>mo_°Q>mooÀ`m 4-5 AmoirZ§Va P|Sw>Mr amono bmdmdrV. VgoM H$mhr amono H$m§ÚmMr nU bmdmdrV. g§nyU© ßbm°Q> ^modVr
P|Sy> bmdmdm, H$mo~r d âbm°da_Ü`o nmMdr Amoi _mohar bmdmdr âbm°da H$mo~rdarb H$mir Air _moharMr nmZoM
ImV ~gob d _w»` nrH$ gwajrV amhrb. Ðmj {nH$m§_Ü o H$m§Xm bgyU bmdbm Va ^wamar àmXw^m©d H$_r amhVmo.
H$mnyg {nH$m_Ü o Mdir d A§~mS>r bmdÊ`mMr nÜXV AmVm Mm§JbrM éOV Amho. {_l {nH$m§Mr _m{hVr
{_iÊ`mgmR>r AmVm B§Q>aZoQ>da www.ourworldcompuserve.com hr do~gmB©Q> hr gwé Pmbr Amho.
3. {~dS> :- Ho$di `mo½` {~dS>da g|Ðr` eoVr `eñdr H$éZ XmIdUmao Ag§»` eoVH$ar AmhoV. Vo
Jm§Sy>iIV, eoUIV, Jmo_yÌ B. E_ dJ¡ao H$mhrM Z dmnaVm \$º$ {~dS> nÜXVrZo {nHo$ KoVmV. gmo`m~rZ
Z§Va Jhÿ H$mhrhr IV Z Q>mH$Vm CÎm_ oVmoM. Ho$ir, hiX, {_aMrZ§Va, KoVbobo H$moUVohr nrH$ CÎm_ `oVo.
Ë`m_wio g|Ðr` eoVr_Ü o nyduMo nrH$ H$moUVo hmoVo Vo nmhÿZ `mo½` {nH$m§Mr {ZdS> H$amdr. EH$Xb Z§Va
pìXX²>b qH$dm CWi _wi`m§À`m {nH$mZ§Va Imob _wi`m§Mo nrH$ ¿`mdo. OwZo bmoH$hr hrM nÜXV Adb§~V
hmoVo.
![Page 34: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
4. {hadirMo nrH$ / A°amoJ«rZ :- {hadirMo nrH$ CXm. Y¢Mm, ~é, p½bar{gS>r`mMr nmZo BË`mXr dmnéZ
O_rZ / g_¥ÜX Ho$ë`mZ§Va Ho$ir, D$g, hiXrgmaIo nrH$ ¿`mdo. lr. gwaoe XogmBªZr {e\$mag Ho$bobo
ha^am 2 {H$bmo, YZo 500 J«°_, _oWr 500 J«°_ d Vri 100 J«°_ H$moUË`mhr {nH$mgmo~V noabo Va {nH$m§Zm
bmJUmao gd© nmofH$ Ðì`o nwadbr OmVmVM na§Vw Ë`m {nH$m§Mo H$sS> d amoJmnmgyZ g§ajU {_iVo. lr.
XogmB©Mo Xwgao YmÝ`mMo (A°amoJ«rZ) {_lU nwT>o g{dñVa {Xbo Amho. {hadirMo nrH$ åhUyZ AmVm EH$M
nrH$ noaÊ`mEodOr darb {_lUmMo {~`mUo noéZ 2.5 _{hÝ`mZo H$mnyZ H$mnyg B. {nH$m§À`m AmoirV
AmÀN>mXbo Va CÎm_ nrH$ `oVo hm ~-`mM eoVH$-`m§Mm AZw^d Amho.
5. {OdmUyg§dY©Ho$ :- g|Ðr` eoVr gwé H$aUm-`m gd© eoVH$-`m§Zr n{hë`m dfu hm KQ>H$ dmnaUo AË`§V
_hËdmMo Amho H$maU h`m§M nÜXVr_wio gyú_{OdmUy§Mo à_mU dmT>ob d Mm§Jbo CËnÞ `oB©b. 2-3 dfm©Z§Va
H$moUVohr KQ>H$ Z dmnabo Var MmbVo. A°Pm oQ>mo~°ŠQ>a, am`Pmo{~`_, nrEg~r, {~`mÊ`mbm bmdyZ d Z§Va
Jm§Sy>i IVmV {_giyZ O{_ZrV noéZ {Xbo Va gyú_{OdmUy bdH$a dmT>VmV. {OdmUy§Mo {daOU åhUyZ
hr {OdmUyg§dY©Ho$ dmnamdr bmJVmV. EH$Xb Agmo H$s$pìXXb nrH$ Agmo gd©M {nH$mÀ`m {~`mUmbm
A°PmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a, am`Pmo{~`_, nrEg~r, Q>m`H$moS>_m© pìharS>r dmnaUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Ago ZdrZ g§emoYZ
gm§JVmV.
6. eoU, Jmo_yÌ, dméi_mVr, A_¥VnmUr, ~rOm_¥V, Ordm_¥V BË`mXr :- dméimMr _mVr ~rO g§ñH$mamgmR>r
dmnamdr. eoU, Jmo_yÌ, Jyi, XmirMo nrR> dmnéZ Ord_¥V V`ma H$amdo d {nH$m§Zm Úmdo. eoU, _Y, Vyn
`m§Mo A_¥VnmUr {~`mbm d Z§Va {nH$m§Zm AmoirV qenyZ qH$dm nmÊ`mÀ`m nmQ>m_Ü`o gmoSy>Z Úmdo.
gdm©~Ôb g{dñVa {ddoMZ {Xbo Amho. n`m©`g_moa AmhoV. à`moJerb eoVH$-`m§Zr VnmgyZ nhmdoV.
7. VmÁ`m eoUmMo nmUr :- Jwam§Mo gd© eoU gmR>dyZ OmñVrV OmñV 20 {Xdg PmHy$Z R>odmdo d eoVmVrb
H$moUË`mhr {nH$m§Zm eoUmMo nmUr Amoir_Ü o O{_Zrda \$S> mZo qenS>mdo Ë`m_wio gwú_{OdmUy dmYVmV.
eoUmÀ`m 3 AdñWm AgVmV. VmOo eoU 20 {Xdgm§À`m AmVrb d PmHy$Z R>odbobo, Ë`mV àM§S> à_mUmV
Cn`wº$ gyú_OrdmUy d nrH$ nmofU Ðì`o AgVmV. Ë`mZ§VaÀ`m AdñWobm pñZ½Ymåb AdñWm (Fatty
acid stage) åhUVmV. øm_Ü`o hmZrH$maH$ {OdmUy dmT>VmV. Cn`wº$ {OdmUy§Mo à_mU H$_r AgVo.
Ë`mZ§VaÀ`m AdñWobm {_WmoOo{ZH$ (Methodgenic) AdñWm åhUVmV. eoUmVrb {_WoZ dm`y {ZKyZ
OmVmo. {OdmUy H$_r AgVmV na§Vw n[anmofH$ Ðì o, h`y_g ^anya AgVo. gyú_{OdmUMo à_mU gdm©V
OmñV VmÁ`m eoUmV AgVo Ë`m_wio Vo dmnamdo. Vo O_bo Zmhr Va eodQ>Mr AdñWm ~m`moJ°g ñbardmQ>o
![Page 35: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
nmofH$ Ðì`o {nH$m§Zm XoD$ eH$Vmo. gd© gmYmaUnUo, AmnU Agob VodT>o eoU nmÊ`mV H$mbdyZ {nH$m§Zm
XoV am{hbo Va AÝ` H$mhrhr H$amdo bmJUma Zmhr BVHo$ Vo n[aUm_H$maH$ Amho. Jhÿ 21 {XdgmMm
Pmë`mda eoUmMo nmUr nmQ>mÀ`m nmÊ`mgmo~V {Xbo Va 3-4 {XdgmV Jìhmbm `w[a`m {Xë`mà_mUo a§J d
H$im oVo. H$mio nmoVo qH$dm ~maXmÝ`mV VmOo eoU ^éZ nmÊ`mÀ`m Xm§S>mV R>odyZ {Xbo Va eoUmMo nmUr
nmoË`mVyZ {PanyZ nmÊ`mdmQ>o eoVmV ngaob.
8. Jm§Sy>i IV :- eoVH$-`m§Zr eoVmdaM gmÜ`m PmonS>çmV CnbãY Agbobm H$mS>rH$Mam dmnéZ \$º$
n{hë`m dfu Jm§Sy>i H$ëMa {dH$V AmUyZ Jm§Sy>i IV {Z{_©Vr Mmby H$amdr. Jm§Sy>i IV ^anya à_mUmV
{nH$m§Zm {Xbo Va BVa H$mhrhr H$aÊ`mMr JaO nS>V Zmhr Jm§Sy>im§Zm gd© {OdmUy§Mm (M.D.) åhUOo
_°ZoqOJ S>m`aoŠQ>a åhUVmV Omo gd© `§ÌUm {Z`§{ÌV H$aVmo. `m~m~V g{dñVa _m{hVr nwT>o {Xbr Amho.
9. Jm§Sy>µµi nmUr (d_udm°e) :- Jm§Sy>io ËdMoZo ídmg KoVmV. Ë`m§Mr ËdMm Zoh_r Amobga AgVo. O{_ZrV
daImbr OmÊ`mMr gd` Agë`mZo d§JUmà_mUo Ë`m§Mo Amobo eara H$m_ H$aVo. Ë`m§À`m earamìXmao
gmoS>bobm Ðd nXmW© d Jm§Sy>i IVmMm AH©$ Jmoim Ho$bm OmVmo d Ë`mbm d_udm°e åhUVmV. H$moUVohr {nHo$
\w$bmo-`mV Amë`mda d_udm°eMr \$dmaUr Ho$br Va \$bYmaUm dmT>Vo. _Y_mem, Cn`wº$ {OdmUy _aV
ZmhrV. Jm§Sy>inmUr åhUOo CÎm_ g|Ðr` Ðì` Amho. d_udm°e V`ma H$aÊ`mMr nÜXV nwT>o {Xbr Amho. Vo
dmnamdo Ago _bm dmQ>Vo. EH$Xm O_rZ g_¥ÜX Pmbr H$s BVa H$mhr dmnaÊ`mMr JaOhr nS>V Zmhr.
10. {Za{Zamù`m n|S>r / T>onr :- Amnë`m XoemV ImÚ d AImÚ àH$maÀ`m Vob{~`m KoVmV. Ë`m§Mo Vob H$mTy>Z
KoVë`mZ§Va Or n|S> amhVo. Ë`m§Mm g|Ðr` IV åhUyZ dmnaVmV. Ea§S>r, H$a§O, H$Sw>qb~, _hþAm `m AImÚ
Vob{~`m§À`m noS>r IV åhUyZ dmnaVmV. `m gd© n|S>rV darb n[afmofH$ Ðì`o AgVmV. eoUIV AWdm
H§$nmoñQ> IVmÀ`m VwbZoV n|S>rV AÞm§emMo à_mU A{YH$ AgVo. qZ~moir , H$a§O, Ea§S>r, H$aS>r, gaH$s ,
e|JXmUo, Vri, Odg, gy ©\y$b n|S>r nrH$nmofUmgmR>r dmnaVmV. nrH$nmofUmgmR>r Amdí`H$ AgUmar
_ybÐì`o n|S>r / T>onr nwadVmV. H$aS>r n|S> ~waerZmeH$ Amho Va H$a§O n|S> ìhm`magamoYH$ Amho. qZ~moir
n|S>rZo gyÌH¥$_r (Nematodes) Xya niVmV. eoUIV + n|S>r + Q´>m`H$moS>_m© + (EM-2){_lU {Xbo Va
O_rZ gwYmaVo.
11. H§$nmoñQ> , eoUIV,Z°S>on IV :- Z°S>on IV {Z{_©VrgmR>r {dQ>H$a, {g_o§Q>, Jd§S>r, ~m§YH$m_ bmJVo. Ë`mMr
JaO dmQ>V Zmhr. H§$nmoñQ> qH$dm eoUIV Mm§Jbo MmiyZ Ë`mV {OdmUyg§dY©Ho$ {_giyZ {nH$m§Zm noéZ
{Xbo Va CÎm_ n[aUm_ {_iVmV. AmnU eoUIV, H§$nmoñQ> Z°noS>IV V`ma H$aVm§Zm eoU, H$Mam, YgH$Q>o
![Page 36: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
H§$XmS>o, JdVmMo nw§OmUo BË`mXr dmnaVmo. _mÂ`m _Vo g|Ðr` eoVH$-`m§Zr eoUIV qH$dm H§$nmoñQ> IV
V`ma Z H$aVm. eoVmVrb g§nyU© àH$maÀ`m g|Ðr` nXmWmªMm Cn`moJ 3 nÜXVrZo H$amdm. eoUIVmÀ`m
I>S>çmbm Q>mHy$ Z`o.
12. g|Ðr` H$M-`mMo {Z`moOZ :-
Q´>m`H$moH§$nmoñQ>tJ :- _moR>o YgH$Q>, nmMQ>, Ho$ir H§$XmS>o BË`mXr _moR>m H$Mam Vmo Am¡Vmbm
noaUrdoir qH$dm Am§Va_emJVrbm AS>MUrMo AgVmo Vo gd© OdiÀ`m Yw-`mda O_m H$amdm d
Ë`mV Xa AmR>dS>çmbm eoU, Jmo_yÌ, nmUr d Q´>m`H$moS>_m© pìharS>r ho O¡{dH$ ~waerZmeH$ dmnamdo
d T>rJ PmHy$Z R>odmdm. Xa 15 {Xdgmbm Vo hmbdmdo åhUOo 3 _{hÝ`mVM CÎm_ IV V`ma hmoVo.
d_uH§$nmoñQ>tJ :- darbnojm bhmZ AmH$mamÀ`m g|Ðr` nXmWm©Mm dmn Jm§Sy>iIV {Z{_©Vr
àH$ënmV dmâ`mda Q>mH$Ê`mgmR>r H$amdm.
AmÀN>mXmZ :- XmoÝhrnojm doJim Agbobm gd© H$Mam AmÀN>mXZ åhUyZ {nH$mÀ`m AmoirV qH$dm
\$iPmS>mÀ`m Ami`mV AmÀN>mXZ åhUyZ dmnaVm `oVmo. Aem VrZ nÜXVrZo g|Ðr` nXmW©
Cn`moJmV AmUbo Va Vo eoUIVmÀ`m I>S>çmV Q>mH$Ê`mnojm OmñV Can`moJr hmoVmV.
13. JmB©À`m qeJmMo IV (~m`moS>m`Zm{_Šg) :- ~m`moS>m`Zm_rH$ nÜXVrÀ`m dmnam_wio {ZîH¥$ï> XOm©À`m
O{_ZrMr gw{nH$Vm dmT>Vo. H$maU h`m nÜXVrÀ`m dmnam_wio O{_ZrMo ñdmñ` gwYmaÊ`mH$arVm O{_ZrV
H$mhr {H«$`m§Zm gwédmV Ho$br OmVo. H$mhr ~m`moS>m`Zm_rH$ nÜXVr H$sS> {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r dmnaë`m OmVmV.
Ë`m nÜXVrMm Adb§~ Ho$ë`mg O{_ZrV H$mhr {d{eï> àH$maÀ`m Z¡g{J©H$ à{H«$`m gwé hmoVmV.
OoUoH$éZ _mVr qH$dm O_rZ EdT>r g§doXZerb hmoVo H$s A§V[ajmVyZ n¥ÏdrH$S>o `oUm-`m gOrd
àdmhmbm nyU©nUo AmË_gmV H$é eH$Vo.
~m`moS>m`Zm{_H$ nXmW© OrdemómÀ`m Ñï>rZo M¡VÝ`erb nXmW© AmhoV. AdH$memVrb {Xì` eº$sÀ`m
gm_Ï`m©Mm AmnU nyU©nUo \$m`Xm H$éZ KoD$ eH$Vmo.
gÜ`mÀ`m n[apñWVrV EH§$XarV d ~m`moS>m`Zm_rH$ gwÌo (Formulations) {dH$grV Ho$bobr AmhoV.
CXm. 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508 Ë`mn¡H$s n{hbo gyÌ 500 JmB©À`m qeJmMo IV d
gyÌ 501 qeJ{gbrH$m gÜ`m OmñV àMbrV AmhoV d ~aoM g|Ðr` eoVr H$aUmao eoVH$ar `mMm dmna nU
![Page 37: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
H$arV AmhoV. \$m°å`w©boeZ 502 Vo 507 ho H§$nmoñQ> g_¥ÜXrgmR>r dmnaVmV. Va \$m°å`w©boeZ 508 ho
~waerZmeH$ åhUyZ dmnaVmV.
~m`moS>m`Zm_rH$ \$må° w©boeZ 500 -(BD 500) :-
(JmB©À`m qeJmMo IV)
JmB©À`m qeJmMr {ZdS> H$aUo :- JmB©Mo qeJ _¥V JmB©nmgyZ KoVbo OmVo. qeJmMm ImbMm ^mJ H$mnyZ
AmVrb ^mJ H$mTy>Z ¿`mdm Z§Va Ho$di Q>a\$b qH$dm daMo H$dM amhrb. ho H$dM ñdÀN> YwdyZ ¿`m d
CÝhmV Mm§Jbo dmiy Úm. OoUoH$éZ Ë`mMm dmg `oUma Zmhr. qeJmMr {ZdS> H$aVm§Zm Á`m JmBªZr
OrdZ^amV 2-3 dmgam§Zm OÝ_ {Xbm Agob Ë`m§MoM qeJ {ZdS>mdo. qeJmÀ`m H$dMmda H$moUË`mhr
àH$maMo {N>Ð qH$dm \$Q> Agy Z`o. Oa qeJmda n|Q> bmdbobo Agob Va Vo Ho$am{gZÀ`m ghmæ`mZo H$mTy>Z
Q>mH$mdo.
JmB©À`m eoUmMr {ZdS> :-
{ZamoJr, XyY XoUm-`m d {haì`m Mm-`mda MaUm-`m JmB©Mo eoU Jmoim H$amdo. h`m JmBªZm 15 {Xdg
AmYrÀ`m H$mimV H$moUVohr Am¡fY qH$dm g§{OdHo$ {Xbobo Zgmdo.
IÈ>m V`ma H$aUo :-
Mm§Jë`m gwnrH$ O{_ZrV 40 go._r Imob IÈ>m IUmdm. Ë`mV 5 go_r Mm Mm§Jë`m _mVrMm (daÀ`m
^mJmVrb _mVr) Wa Úmdm. I>È>>çmMr bm§~r d é§Xr Amdí`H$VoZwgma R>odmdr.
\$m°å`w©boeZ H$go V`ma H$amdo :- VmOo eoU Mm§Jbo KmoQy>Z Ë`mMm Mm§Jbm _D$ bJXm V`ma H$amdm.
[aH$må`m qeJmÀ`m H$dMmV hm bJXm ^amdm. qeJmMo H$dM nyU©nUo KÅ> ^amdo. Hw$R>ohr hdm amhUma Zmhr
`mMr H$miOr ¿`mdr. Z§Va hr ^abobr qeJmMr H$dMo IÈ>`mV R>odmdr. OoUoH$éZ AmUrXma ~§X Agbobo
Q>moH$ da Agob. IÈ>`mV Mm§Jë`m à{VMr _mVr d H§$nmoñQ> (25:1) h`m à_mUmV ^amdo IÈ>`mV Mmahr
H$mon-`mda ~m§~y bmdmdo. OoUoH$éZ IÈ>m Agë`mMo bjmV `oB©b. IÈ>`mVrb _mVr Zoh_r Amobga R>odUo
Amdí`H$ Amho.
![Page 38: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
qeJmMo H$dM {H$Vr doi nwéZ R>odmdo d H$Yr H$mT>mdo ?
^maVr` M§Ð {XZX{e©H$mà_mUo (Am°ŠQ>mo - Zmoìh§o) ZdamÌr IÈ>`mV qeJmZm nwaÊ`mgmR>r `mo½` doi Amho.
hr qeJo OdiOdù 6 _{hZo nwéZ R>odbo OmVmV d M¡Ì ZdamÌ (_mM© - E{àb) À`mdoir H$mT>Ê`mV
`oVmV.
qeJmMo H$dM H$mTy>Z gmR>dyZ R>odUo :- `mo½` doir qeJmMo H$dM IÈ>`mVyZ ~mhoa H$mTy>Z ¿`mdo d
Ë`mVrb ~r.S>r. 500 H$nmoñQ>Mm dmna H$aon`ªV Ë`mMm gmR>m _mVrÀ`m ^m§S> mV H$amdm. gmR>m H$aVodoir
H§$nmoñQ> Zoh_r Amobga Agmdo. {edm` Ë`mV `mo½` à_mUmV hdm OmD$ Úmdr. _mVrMo ^m§S>o W§S> {R>H$mUr
qH$dm AY©dQ> _mVrV JmSy>Z R>odmdo.
dmna :- ~r.S>r. 500 H§$nmoñQ> {nH$m§da XmoZ doim dmnamdo. n{hbm hám noaUrÀ`m EH$ {Xdg AmYr Úmdm d
Xwgam hám amonQ>o {ZKmë`mÀ`m 20 {XdgmZ§Va Úmdm. Mm§Jë`m n[aUm_mgmR>r nyU© M§Ð AgVmZmÀ`m doir
h`m H§$nmoñQ>Mm hám Úmdm.
dmnaÊ`mÀ`m nÜXVr :- 13 {bQ>a {dhrarÀ`m nmÊ`mV qH$dm nmdgmÀ`m nmÊ`mV 30 J«°_ ~rS>r 500 {_lU
{_giyZ {_lU H$amdo. ho {_lU hmVmZo 1 Vmg Kmoimdo. ho {_lU KmoidVm§Zm EH$mM {XeoZo hmVmZo
{\$admdo OoUoH$éZ danmgyZ Imbn`ªV JmiUr qH$dm MmS>r V`ma hmoB©b Z§Va VgoM CbQ> {XeoZo Kmoimdo
Z§Va ho {_lU nmR>rdarb n§nmÀ`m ghmæ`mZo \$dmamdo. ~r.S>r 500 Mo {_lU EH$Xm V`ma Ho$ë`mZ§Va 1
VmgmV dmnamdo. ho {_lU gy m©ñVmÀ`m doir dmnaUo Mm§Jbo g_Obo OmVo. ~rS>r 500 À`m dmnamZo
O{_ZrVrb \$m`Xoera {OdmUy§À`m g§» oV d¥ÜXr hmoVo. VgoM Jm§Sy>imMr g§»`m dmT>Vo d _wim§Mr g§»`m d
nH$S> Mm§Jbr hmoVo. O{_ZrMr O¡{dH$ H$m ©j_Vm dmT>Vo.
~m`moS>m`Zm_rH$ \$m°`w©boeZ 501 (BD 501) :-
h`m nÜXVr_Ü`o {gbrH$mMro ~marH$ nmdS>a [aH$må`m qeJmÀ`m H$dMmV ^amdo, CÝhmim gwé AgVm§Zm
_mVrV 8 _{hZo nwéZ R>odmdo. ~rS>r 501 ho {nH$mda \$dmaÊ`mgmR>r dmnabo OmVo. Ë`m_wio {nH$m§Mr àH$me
g§ûcofUmMr H$m`©j_Vm dmT>Vo. Ë`m_wio PmS>m§Mr Mm§Jbr dmT> hmoVo d {nH$m§Mr qH$dm \$imMr àV Mm§Jbr
hmoVo.
![Page 39: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
~rS>r 501 V`ma H$aÊ`mMr nÜXV :- {gbrH$mMr nmdS>a V`ma H$aUo - {gbrH$m`wº$ I{ZO ñ\${Q>H$
Jmoim H$amdo. Ë`m§Mo N>moQ>oN>moQ>o VwH$S>o H$amdo. Ë`mVyZ XJS> aoVr d BVa AZmdí`H$ gm_wJ«r H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdr
Ë`mMr M¸$sÀ`m ghmæ`mZo {nR>mgmaIr ~marH$ ^wH$Q>r V`ma H$amdr.
qeJmMo H$dM ^aUo :- {gbrH$mÀ`m nmdS>aMo Q>çy~ dob qH$dm nmdgmÀ`m nmÊ`mV {_lU V`ma H$amdo d
Ë`mMm Jmoim V`ma H$amdm. hm Jmoim [aH$må`m qeJmÀ`m H$dMmV ^amdm. ho H$dM qeJmMo AmUrXma Q>moH$
daÀ`m {XeoZo amhrb Ago 2 Vmg R>odmdo. {gbrH$mda Ambobo OmñVrMo nmUr H$mTy>Z Q>>mH$mdo d qeJm_Ü o
daÀ`m q~Xwn`ªV {gbrH$mÀ`m Jmoim ^amdm. Z§Va ho qeJmMo H$dM ~rS>r 500 nÜXVrV {Xë`mà_mUo
IÈ>`mV nwéZ R>odm.
qeJmbm {H$Vr doi nwéZ R>odmdo d H$Yr H$mT>mdo :- ~rS>r 500 nÜXVrÀ`m AJXr CbQ>, {gbrH$mZo ^abobo
qeJ _mM© - E{àb _Ü o (M¡Ì ZdamÌ) nwaVmV d Am°ŠQ>mo, Zmoìh §o _Ü o ~mhoa H$mT>VmV. ~rS>r 501 IV
Jmoim H$aUo d Ë`mMm gmR>m H$aUo, `mo½` doir hr {gbrH$m qeJ IS>`mÀ`m ~mhoa H$mT>mdr d H$dMmVyZ
{gbrH$mMr nmdS>a ~mhoa H$mT>mdr. CÝhm_Ü o H$moaS>o H$éZ H$mMoÀ`m ~mQ>brV qH$dm {ga°_rH$À`m ^m§S>`mV
gmR>dyZ R>odmdr. h`m ~mQ>ë`m hdoera d D$Z bmJob Aem {R>H$mUr R>odmì`m.
dmnaÊ`mMr nÜXVr :- 40 Ama O{_ZrgmR>r 1 J«°_ ~r.S>r 501 IV nwaogo AgVo. 13 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV 1 J«°_
~r.S>r 501 IV Q>mH$mdo d Mm§Jbo ~rS>r 500 _Ü o {bhrë`mà_mUo Mm§Jbo {_lU V`ma H$amdo. ho {_lU
eoVmV \$dmamdo. ho H$m`© gH$mir qH$dm nhmQ>oÀ`m doir H$amdo H$maU nhmQ>oÀ`m doir _§X_§X hdm gwé
AgVo Ë`m_wio {gbrH$m \$dmaë`mZ§Va 2 hßË`mV 30 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo \$dmamdo. ho {_lU H$sS> {Z`§ÌU
H$aÊ`mgmR>r _XV H$aVo.
H$mD$ n°Q> nrQ> (gr.nr.nr.) H$ëMa V`ma H$aÊ`mMr nÜXV :- O{_ZrMm nmoV Mm§Jbm {Q>H$dm`Mm Agob
Va g|Ðr` H$~© _w~bH$ à_mUmV AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. g|Ðr` H$~m©Mo à_mU dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r O{_ZrV
g|Ðr` nXmW© Ogo eoUIV, H§$nmoñQ> IV, {hadirMo IV B. {_giUo Amdí`H$ AgVo. g|Ðr`
nXmW©{edm` {OdmUy§§À`m g§»`m_Ü`o dmT> hmoV Zmhr.
O{_ZrV {OdmUy§Mr g§»`m nwaoem à_mUmV Agë`m{edm` {nH$m§Zm Ë`m§Mo AÞ emofyZ KoVm oV Zmhr.
eoUIV, H§$nmoñQ> IV V`ma hmoÊ`mgmR>r OdiOdi 10-12 _{hZo bmJVmV, na§Vw gÜ`m H$mhr eoVH$ar
![Page 40: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
eoVmVrb H$mS>rH$Mam d eoUmMm `mo½` dmna H$éZ AS>rM Vo VrZ _{hÝ`mV CËH¥$ï> XmUoXma
~m`moS>m`Zm{_H$ IV {Z_m©U H$arV AmhoV. ~m`moS>m`Zm{_H$ IV V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r gr.nr.nr. ho H$ëMa
bmJVo. gr.nr.nr. Amnë`mbm KaÀ`m Kar df©^amV Ho$ìhmhr V`ma H$aVm `oVo gr.nr.nr. V`a
H$aÊ`mgmR>r ~r.S>r. àonaoeZ doJdoJù`m dZñnVtZm Hw$OdyZ V`ma Ho$bo OmVo. `m àonaoeZ_YyZ
{dñVmVrV H$ëMa V`ma Ho$bo OmVo, `mbmM gr.nr.nr. åhQ>bo OmVo. `m gd© dZñnVr \$º$ {h_mb`
nd©VmÀ`m nm`Ï`mer CnbãY hmoVmV.
H$mD$ n°Q> nrQ> (gr.nr.nr) V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r bmJUmao gm{hË` :-
1. 60 {H$bmo JmdamZ Xw Ë`m JmB©Mo eoU,
2. 200 J«°_ A§S> mMo nm§T>ao H$dM
3. 500 J«°_ ~ogmëQ> IS>H$mMm Mwam qH$dm ~moAadobMr _mVr
4. 200 J«°_ JwimMo nmUr
5. ~r.S>r. àonaoeZ 502 Vo 506 {_lUmMo XmoZ g§M Am{U ~r.S>r. àonaoeZ507 Vo 20 {_.br. ÐmdU
gr.nr.nr. V`ma H$aÊ`mMr nÜXV :-
1. O{_ZrV VrZ (bm§~r) XmoZ (é§Xr) EH$(Imobr) \y$Q> AmH$mamMo {dQ>m§Mo Hw§$S> V`ma H$éZ O{_ZrÀ`m da
AYm© \y$Q> d O{_ZrÀ`m AmV AYm© \y$Q> C§MrMo ~m§YH$m_ H$éZ gd© ~mOy§Zr eoU_mVrZo qbnyZ ¿`mdo.
2. 60 {H$bmo JmdamZ Xw Ë`m JmB©Mo eoU Am{U 200 J«°_ JwimMo nmUr `m§Mo {_lU 10 Vo 15 {_ZrQ>o EH$Ord
H$éZ ¿`mdo.
3. eoUm_Ü o 200 J«°_ A§S>çmÀ`m H$dMmMr nmdS>a Am{U 500 J«°_ ~ogmëQ> XJS>mMm Mwam qH$dm ~moAadobMr
_mVr {_gimdr.
4. gd© {_lU IÈ>`mV Q>mHy$Z eoUmÀ`m Wamda XmoZ AmoirV ~moQ>mZo {N>Ð H$éZ ~r.S>r. àonaoeZ 502 Vo 506
Mo XmoZ g§M {_gimdoV Am{U ~r.S>r. àonaoeZ 507, 20 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV 15 {_ZrQ>o Mm§Jbo KmoiyZ Vo eoUmda
qenS>mdo.
5. Z§Va IÈ>`mbm Amoë`m ~maXmZmZo PmH$mdo.
6. IÈ>`mVrb {_lUmbm àË oH$ AmR> {Xdgm§Zr nëQ>r ¿`mdr
7. 45 Vo 60 {XdgmV EH$m Hw§$S>mVyZ 30 {H$bmo XmUoXma gr.nr.nr. H$ëMa V`ma hmoVo.
![Page 41: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
~r.S>r - 508 ÐmdU V`ma H$aUo :-
ZoMo n[admamVrb EH$ dZñnVr gmé - KmoS>`mÀ`m eonQ>mgmaIr {XgVo. Equesetum arvense {Vbm
H°$Á`yarZm åhUyZhr AmoiIVmV. `m dZñnVrV {gbrH$mMo à_mU ^anya AgyZ ~waerOÝ` amoJm§da _mV
H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnaVmV. `m dZñnVrMr 1 {H$bmo nmZo 10 {bQ>a CH$iË`m nmÊ`mV Q>mH$mdrV. Mhm H$aVmo
Ë`mà_mUo ho ÐmdU CH$imdo, Z§Va JmiyZ ¿`mdo `mn¡H$s 50 {_br Xhm {bQ>a nmÊ`mV KoD$Z {nH$m§da qH$dm
O{_Zrda \$dmaUr H$amdr.
![Page 42: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
Jm§Sy>i IV, Jm§Sy>i nmUr, Ordm_¥V, A°amoJ«rZ, gáYmÝ`m§Hw$a
1. Jm§Sy>i IV {Z{_©Vr nÜXV :-
90 g|._r. ê§$XrMo dm\$m d CnbãY OmJoZwgma {H$Vrhr bm§~rMo 1 qH$dm 2 dm\o$ H$amdoV. 15 go._r Imob IÈ>m
H$amdm d Ë`mV O{_ZrÀ`m n¥ð>^mJmn ªV {dQ>H$arMo VwH$S>o, OmS> dmiy, ZmaimÀ`m H$mÏ`m A§Wamdo. Ë`mda 15
go._r. Mm§Jë`m Hw$Oboë`m eoUIVmÀ`m qH$dm ~m`moJ°g ñbarMm Wa Úmdm. Ë`mda `wS>rbg qH$dm Am`go{Z`m
OmVrMr Jm§Sy>io 1 {H$bmo J°«_ àVr 30 Mm¡. \y$Q> AmH$mamÀ`m dmâ`mda Q>mH$mdrV. H¥${f {dÚmnrR>, VmbwH$m
~rOJwUZ H|$Ð, ImOJr Jm§Sy>io H$ëMa g|Q>ahÿZ Jm§Sy>io AmUmdrV. Ë`mZ§Va Ë`mda 15 go._r. C§MrMm, AY©dQ>
Hw$Oboë`m eoU H$mS>rH$Mè`mMo {_lU Q>mH$mdo. `m Wamda VmÁ`m eoUmMo Q>monbo WmoS>o A§Va R>odyZ nmbWo
Q>mH$mdoV d eodQ>r nyU© ~oS> ~maXmZo, nmMQ> qH$dm H$mS>r H$Mè`mZo PmH$mdo nmUr Q>mHy$Z ~oS> Zoh_r Amobo R>odmdo
bmJVo. gmYmaUnUo 30 Mm¡. go._r. ~oS>da 5 {bQ>a nmUr bmJVo. Jm§Sy>io ËdMoZo œmg KoVmV d nmÊ`mVyZ qH$dm
hdoVyZ Am°ŠgrOZ emofyZ KoVmV. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm Zoh_r W§S> Amobga R>odmdo bmJVo. ~oS>_Ü`o 60 %$Vo 70
%$Amobmdm AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Jm§Sw>io H$mM, bmoI§S>, ßb°pñQ>>H$ d XJS> , {dQ>H$a gmoSy>Z BVa gd© nXmW©
ImVmV. dmibobo (Amobo Zìho) H$m±J«og JdV Ë`m§Zm Iyn AmdS>Vo. qZXbobo nw§OmUo dmië`mZ§Va ~oS>da
eoUmgh Q>mH$bo Va Jm§Sy>io ImdyZ \$ñV H$aVmV. Jm§Sy>imÀ`m ~oS>Mr C§Mr 45 Vo 60 go._r da Omdy Xody Z`o.
gmYmaU 3x1 _rQ>a AmH$mamÀ`m Jm§Sy>imÀ`m ~oS>da Imbrb nÜXVrZo H¥$Vr H$amdr :-
1 bm {Xdg - 200 {H$bmo J«°_ eoU H$mS>rH$Mè`mMo {_lU d 1 {H$bmo Jm§Sy>io dmnê$Z ~oS> V`ma H$amdo.
10 dm {Xdg - ~oS>da VmÁ`m eoUmMo Q>monbo T>rJ nÜXVrZo Q>mH$m.
20 dm {Xdg - ~oS> hdoera amhÊ`mgmR>r Imbr da hbdm.
30 dm {Xdg - ~oS>da MhmnÎmrgmaIo IV V`ma hmoVo Ë`mdoir nmUr Q>mH$Uo ~§X H$am.
40 dm {Xdg - ~oS>da Amobmdm H$_r Pmë`m_wio Jm§Sy>io ~wS>mbm OmVmV. daModa Jm§Sy>i IV MmiyZ ¿`mdo d
Ë`mM {Xder Xwgao ~oS> V`ma H$ê$Z Ë`mda Mmibobr Jm§Sy>io Q>mH$mdrV.
Jm§Sy>imÀ`m {dï>oVyZ ~mhoa nS>Umè`m _mVrV 4 nQ> Zm`Q>moOZ, 7 nQ> ñ\w$aX d 11 nQ> nmbme d 1 H$moQ>r
gwú_{OdmUy à{VJ«°_ AgUmao CÎm_ àVrMo Jm§Sy>i IV {_iVo. `m Jm§Sy>i IVmV 250 J«°_ A°PmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a,
![Page 43: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
250 J«°_ am`Pmo{~`_ d 1 {H$bmo J«°_ nrEg ~r OrdmUy g§dY©Ho$ {_giyZ 48 Vmg AmYr _wadyZ Z§Va {nH$m§Zm
noê$Z AWdm \$iPmS>m§Zm Amio H$ê$Z {Xbo Va nrH$ Omo_Xma dmT>VmV. Ë`m§À`m_Ü`o amoJà{VH$maeº$s V`ma
hmoVo. 3 Vo 6 _{hZo H$mbmdYrMo nrH$ Agob Va 2 Vo 3 q¹$Q>b à{V 40 Ama Jm§Sy>i IV H$_rV H$_r Úmdo. Kar
V`ma Ho$bobo Jm§Sy>i IV Oa 1 Q>Z à{V 40 Ama Xody eH$bmo Va {dH«$_r CËnmXZ {_iVo. \$iPmS>m§Zm
d`mZwgma 1 Vo 5 {H$bmo J«°_ Jm§Sy>iIV àVr PmS> Amio H$ê$Z Úmdo d Z§Va Amio nyU©nUo g|{Ð` nXmWm©Zo
PmHy$Z nmUr Úmdo.
A. AmÀN>mXZ
B. VmÁ`m eoUmMo Q>monbo
C. AY©dQ> 1 {H$bmo J°«_ /30 Mm¡. \y$Q>
F, D. Hw$Odbobo eoUIV / ~m`moJ°g ñbar
E. hiy Hw$OUmam nmbm nmMmoim
G. {dQ>H$a OmS> dmiy nmVirn`ªV (ßb°pñQ>H$ - ZH$mo)
![Page 44: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
Jm§Sy>i IVmVrb KQ>H$ :- KQ>H$ à{V J«°_
1. g|{Ð` H$~© - 20 Q>¸o$
2. H$~© ZÌ - 16:1
3. ZÌ - 1 Vo 1.5 Q>¸o$
4. ñ\w$aX - 0.5 Vo 0.8 Q>¸o$
5. nmbme - 0.4 Vo 0.8 Q>¸o$
6. øw_g - 5 Vo 8 Q> o$ EHy$U gyú_ O§Vy g§»`m
7. [OdmUy (Q>r.E_.gr. )1 H$moQ>r
(Total microbial count)
8. AmX©Vm - 15 Vo 30 Q>¸o$
9. gm_w (nr.EM) -6.5 Vo 7.2
10. B.gr. (Bbo H$ÝS>ŠQ>rìhrQ>r )- 0.4 Vo 0.6 (mmhos / cm)
2. Jm§Sy>i nmUr (d_udm°e) {Z{_©Vr :-
eoVH$è`m§Zr eoVmdarb eoU H$mS>rH$Mè`mnmgyZ Jm§Sy>i IV {Z{_©Vr àH$Án Mmby Ho$ë`mda Jm§Sy>inmUr
(d_udm°e) {Z{_©Vrhr Mmby H$amdr. H$maU Ë`mMr nÜXV gmonr Amho.
Jm§Sy>imÀ`m A§Jmdarb AmobganUm d Jm§Sy>i IVmMm AH©$ BË`mXtMo {_lU `m nÜXVrZo Ðd ê$nmV {_iVo.
Ë`mbmM Jm§Sy>inmUr qH$dm d_udm°e åhUVmV. d_udme_Ü`o {O~«o{bH$ A°{gS>, gm`Q>moH$m`ZrZ, A°Pmo d AÝ`
{OdmUy g§dY©H$ AgVmV.
nrH$ dmT>rÀ`m H$mimV \w$b d \$i bmJë`mda d_udm°eMr \$dmaUr Ho$br Va bjUr` \$mæXm hmoVmo. \w$bo OmñV
bmJVmV, \$bYmaUm OmñV hmoVo. _mbmMr àV CÎm_ hmoVo. _Y_mem qH$dm AÝ` {_Ì{H$S>tZm Anm` hmoV Zmhr.
ZdrZ \w$Q> `oVmZm qH$dm nrH$ \w$bmda AgVmZm 100 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV 2 {bQ>a d_udm°e \$dmamdo. {H$S> d amoJ
ì`dñWmnZmgmR>r 100 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV 5 Vo 10 {bQ>a d_udm°e {_giyZ \$dmamdo. d_udm°e CKS>o R>ody Z`o. XrS>
_{hÝ`mÀ`m AmV Vo dmnamdo bmJVo. d_udm°e _Ü`o 5 Q>¸o$ qb~moir AH©$ d B. E_ 2 {_giyZ \$dmabo Va {Vhoar
\$m`Xm hmoVmo.
![Page 45: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
Jm§Sy>i nmUr d_udm°e dmnaÊ`mMr nÜXV :-
ZdrZ \w$Q> `oÊ`mgmR>r d {nH$ \w$bmoè`mV AgVmZm - 2 Q> o$ \$dmaUr
H$sS> d amoJ ZmeH$ dmnamgmR>r - 5 Vo 10 Q>¸o$ \$dmaUr
\$iPmS>mÀ`m ~wS>mbm - 2 {bQ>a d_udm°e àVr 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr
1 {bQ>a d_udm°e _Ü`o 5 {bQ>a nmUr {_giyZ \$dmam.
d_udm°e 1 / 2 _{hZm CKS>o R>odyZ gmR>dVm oVo. hdm ~§X R>ody ZH$m.
nrH$dmT>rÀ`m H$mimV \y$b d \$i YmaUodoir \$dmaë`mg CËnÞ dmT>Vo.
Ordm_¥V JmiyZ Ë`mV 4 {bQ>a d_udm°e 200 {bQ>a nmUr {_giyZ 40 Ama {nH$mda \$dmamdo
qH$dm qenS>mdo.
3. Ordm_¥V :-
lr. gw^mf nmioH$am§Zr {e\$mag Ho$bobo Ordm_¥V gd© {nH$m§À`m dmT>rgmR>r AË §V Cn`wº$ Amho. Ordm_¥V V`ma
H$aÊ`mMr nÜXV Imbrbà_mUo
1. Xoer JmB©Mo eoU - 10 {H$bmo
2. Xoer JmB©Mo Jmo_yÌ - 10 {bQ>a
3. Jyi - 2 {H$bmo
4. {ÛXb YmÝ`mMo nrR> - 2 {H$bmo (ha~am CÎm_)
5. nmUr - 200 {bQ>a
{_lU 5-6 {Xdg Am§~dyZ 15 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo AmoirV / ~wS>mbm/ nmÊ`mdmQ>o Úmdo. 7 {Xdgmnojm OwZo
Ordm_¥V dmnê$ Z`o.
4. A_¥VnmUr :-
lr. _mohZ e§H$a Xoenm§S>o `m§Zr F$fr V§Ì gm§{JVbo Amho. Ë`m§Zr A§Jmam, ~rOg§ñH$ma, A_¥VnmUr d AmÀN>mXZ `m
Mma gyÌr H$b_mMm ~è`mM eoVH$è`m§Zm Mm§Jbm AZw^d Amho dS>mImbMr _mVr 10-15 {H$bmo J«°_ à{V 40 Ama
joÌmda Q>mH$Uo, A_¥VnmÊ`mZo ~rOg§ñH$ma d {nH$m§Zm qenSy>Z Awdm nmÊ`mdmQ>o XoUo d H$mS>rH$Mè`mMo AmÀN>mXZ
{nH$mÀ`m AmoirV H$aUo hr Mma gyÌr hmo`. A_¥VnmUr V`ma H$aVmZm Imbrb nÜXVr Adb§~br OmVo. àVr 40
Ama joÌmgmR>r gm{hË` :-
![Page 46: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
1. Xoer JmB©Mo eoU - 10 {H$bmo J«°_
2. Xoer JmB©Mo Vyn - 250 J«°_
3. _Y - 500 J«°_
4. nmUr - 200 {bQ>a
gdm©V AmYr 10 {H$bmo J«°_ eoUmV nmd {H$bmo J«°_ Vyn EH$Ord Ho$bo OmVo. Ë`mZ§Va Ë`mV _Y {_giyZ ho
{_lU 200 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV EH$Ord H$ê$Z bJoM {nH$m§Zm AmoirV qenSy>Z qH$dm nmÊ`mÀ`m nmQ>mV Yma gmoSy>Z
40 Ama joÌmV {Xbo OmVo. 3 Vo 6 _{hZo H$mbmdYr AgUmè`m {nH$m§Zm 2-3 doim Va 12 _{hZo H$mbmdYrÀ`m
{nH$m§Zm 3-4 doim {Xbo OmVo. H¥${f {dkmZ _§S>i, Zm§XoS> `oWo gmo`m~rZ {nH$mgmR>r Vo n[aUm_H$maH$ OmUdbo
Va {ZgJ© eoVr _§S>i, Om_Zoa {O. OiJmd `oWo lr. nÙmH$a qMMmob d Ë`m§À`m ghH$mè`m§Zm Ho$ir d BVa
{nH$m§da Mm§Jbm n[aUm_ {Xgbm. _V^oXmMo _wÔo ~mOybm R>odyZ eoVH$è`m§Zr à`moJerb amhÿZ ñdË: AZw^d
KodyZ _V R>admdo. A§Jmam, A_¥VnmUr AmVm {H«$ñQ>b ñdê$nmV {dH«$sbm AmUbo Amho d Ë`mMo noQ>§Q>hr KoÊ`mV
Ambo Amho.
5. A°amoJ«rZ :-
lr. gwaoe XogmB© , ~oS>{H$hmi, Vm. {M¸$moS>r, {O. ~oiJmd (H$Zm©Q>H$) \$moZ. 08338/262056,
_mo. 09480448256 øm§Zr A°amoJ«rZ nÜXVrZo H$moUË`mhr {nH$mMo nmofU H$aVm oVo Agm {gÜXm§V _m§S>bm Amho.
amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Mr {nH$m§Zm JaO Zmhr. Ë`mEodOr A°amoJ«rZ nÜXVr ñdñV, gmonr, à^mdr d nrH$nmofUm~amo~a
H$sS> amoJmMo ì`dñWmnZmgmR>r `mo½` Amho.
A°amoJ«rZ KQ>H$ :-
CnbãY AgUmao ñdñV XamMo Imbrb {nH$m§Mo {~`mUo {_idmdo d EH$Ì H$ê$Z H$moUË`mhr {nH$mV XmoZ AmoirV
noamdo.
1. VmJ 7 {H$bmo
2. ha^am 5 {H$bmo
3. YZ 1 {H$bmo
4. Vri 200 J«°_
5. H$maim 200 J«°_
![Page 47: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
6. amO{Jao 100 J«°_
7. {_aMr 100 J«°_
8. A§~mS>r 100 J«°_
9. _yJ 500 J«°_
10. Ádmar 500 J«°_
11. Jhÿ 1 {H$bmo
12. _oWr 500 J«°_
13. Mdir 500 J«°_
A°amoJ«rZ {_lUmV EH$Xb, {ÛXb, Vob{~`m, VmJ Am{U Am¡fYr dmUm§Mo {~`mUo EH$Ì Agë`mZo àË oH$mMo
doJdoJio JwUY_© d \$m`Xo AmhoV. Oo nrH$ nmofUmgmR>r VgoM H$sS> d amoJ ì`dñWmnZmgmR>r Cn wº$ AmhoV.
A°amoJ«rZMo {_lU , H$moUVohr OmñV H$mbmdYrMo nrH$ CXm. hiX, D$g , Ho$ir bmdÊ`m AmYr noamdo d 2-2.
1 /2 _{hÝ`m§Z§Va H$mnyZ Q>mH$mdo. XmoZ {nH$m§À`m AmoirV daModa A°amoJ«rZ {_lU noê$Z Ë`mM nÜXVrZo H$mnyZ
noaë`mg nrH$ CÎm_ `oVo.
6. gáYmÝ`m§Hy$a :-
{nH$m§Zm Amdí`H$ AgUm-`m gd© gyú_ _ybÐì`mMr nwadR>m Imbrb g|Ðr` nÜXVrV H$aVm oVmo.
gàYmÝ`mHw$amMm dmna H$aÊ`mgmR>r Imbrb KQ>H$ hdoV :-
1.CS>rX 2. _yJ 3. Vya 4. Jhÿ 5. Vri
6. ha^am 7. Mdir qH$dm _Q>H$s
àË`oH$s 100 J«°_ ¿`mdo. Ë`mbm EH$Ì H$éZ Amoë`m \$S>Š`mV 1-2 {Xdg R>odyZ Mm§Jbo Q>mHy$Z {_ŠgaÀ`m
ghæ`mZo Ë`mMm AH©$ (nmUr) H$mSy>Z Vo 100 {bQ>a nmUr {_giyZ {nH$mda \$dmaÊ`mg gd©M gyú_ _yë`Ðì o
{_iy eH$VmV.
![Page 48: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48
~hþJwUH$mar n§MJì`mMm dmna Amdí`H$ H$moSw>_wS>r (BamoS> {Oëhm) Vm{_iZmSy> `oWrb e§H$amÀ`m XodimV 1995 gmbr _hm{edamÌrÀ`m {Xder S>m°.
ZQ>amOZ Jobo hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm àmW©ZoZ§Va n§MJì`mÀ`m VrW©àgmX XoÊ`mV Ambm. S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr Hw$VwhbmZo nwOm-
`m§Zm {dMmabo Or, n§MJì`mbm X¡dr H$m g_OVm? Am{U àgmX åhUyZ Vo H$m XoVm? nwOm-`mZo CÎma {Xbo
H$s n§MJì`m_wio earamVrb Agboë`m ì`mYr ~-`m hmoVmV d nwT>o `oUm-`m AmOmam§nmgyZ g§ajU
{_iVo. `m CÎmam_wio S>m°. ZQ>amOZ ho A§V_w©I Pmbo. JmB©À`m Am§~dboë`m _b_yÌmnmgyZ _mUgmVrb
amoJmda H$go Am¡fY V`ma H$aVm `oB©b `mMm {dMma gwé Pmbm. Ë`mZ§Va gbJ 3 df} n§MJì` `m g|Ðr`
nXmWm©da Vo à`moJ H$aV am{hbo. Ë`m§Zr dZñnVr_Ü`o n§MJì`m_wio dmT> CÎmoOH$ d à{VO¡{dH$ CÎmoOH$
H$go CËnÞ hmoVmV `mda Aä`mg Ho$bm. `mM H$mimV ~|Jbmoa `oWrb H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mVrb S>m°. am_M§Ð aoÈ>r
`m§Zr g§emoYZ H$éZ ~m{dñQ>rZ d n§MJì` `m§À`m ~waerZmeH$ JwUY_m©Mm VwbZmË_H$ Aä`mg Ho$bm.
n§MJì`mbm Ë`m§Zr nmM ~S>o (High Five) Ago Zmd {Xbo. n§MJì`m_wio dZñnVtMr à{VH$maeº$s
dmT>Vo d dmT> Mm§Jbr amhVo hr Ë`m§Mr {Z[ajUo AmhoV.High Five hm boI 20 gßQ>|~a 1996 bm
{X„rVyZ àH$m{eV hmoUm-`m „ S>mD$Z Qy> AW© ‟ `m _m{gH$mV à{gÜX Pmbm Amho. n§MJì`mbm O¡{dH$
CËàoaH$ hr åhUVm oB©b. Vo dmT> CËàoaH$ (75%) d à{VH$maeº$s (25%) dmT>dUmar åhUyZhr H$m ©
H$aVo. Ë`m_wio g|Ðr` eoVr_Yrb Zo_H$s H$_VaVm Xya hmoD$Z CËnmXZmV KQ> `oD$ XoV Zmhr. n§MJì`
H$sS>, ~waer{déÜX à{VH$maj_Vm dmT>dVo. Jmo_yÌm_wio à{VH$maeº$s CËàoaH$Vm d Jmo_`m_Yrb dmT>
H$aÊ`mÀ`m j_Vo_wµio CËnmXZ dmT>hr {_iVo. _hËdmMo åhUOo eoVH$ar eoVmda CnbãY AgUm-`m
JmoîQ>rnmgyZ Vo ~ZdyZ dmné eH$Vmo. S>m°. ZQ>amOZ ho éab H$å`w{ZQ>r A°ŠeZ g|Q>aMo AÜ`j AmhoV. d¥j
Am`wd}XmV n§MJì` ~Z{dÊ`mÀ`m nÜXVr {Xë`m AmhoV. S>m°. ZQ>amOZ `m§Zr Ë`m§À`m ^mJmVrb g§emoYH$
eoVH$-`m§À`m ghH$m`m©Zo Ë`mMo WmoS> m doJi`m nÜXVrZo à_mUrH$aU (Standardisation) Ho$bo
Amho.
n§MJì` V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r Xoer JmB©MoM nmMhr nXmW© dmnamdoV. dqeS> d qeJo hr ^maVr` JmB©À`m
AmoiIÊ`mÀ`m IwUm AmhoV. dqeS> ho A§V[aj bharZm AVr g§doXZerb AgVo, Va qeJo hr H$moUË`mhr
àH$maÀ`m bhar d H§$nZm§Zm à{V~§Y H$aVmV. XmoÝhtMm EH${ÌV n[aUm_ åhUyZ JmB©_Yrb A§V[aj
![Page 49: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
bhatMo oUo OmUo {Z`§{ÌV hmoVo. ^maVr` d§emÀ`m JmB© Am{U ~¡b Ë`m§Mo dqeS> hmVmZo Xm~bo Va Ë`m
JwS>Ko Q>oH$VmV. IƒrH$aU Ho$ë`mZ§Va ~¡bmMr àOZZ j_Vm Zï> hmoVo d dqeS>mMm AmH$ma bhmZ hmoVmo.
Ë`m§Mo dqeS> d àOZZ j_Vm `m_Ü o H$mhrVar g§~§Y Agbm nm{hOo ho {gÜX hmoVo.
n§MJì` ~ZdÊ`mMr nÜXV :-
n§MJì`m_Ü`o JmB©nmgyZ {_iUmao nmM nXmW© AmhoV. Ë`mMr V`ma hmoÊ`mMr JVr dmT>dUo, Ë`m_Yrb
Am§~dÊ`mÀ`m {H«$ oMm doJ dmT>dUo d Ë`mMm J§Yhr Mm§Jbm Agmdm `mgmR>r à`moJ H$aV Ë`m_Ü o BVa
H$mhr nXmW© {_igÊ`mV Ambo. AmVm n§MJì` V`ma H$aUoMo gdm©Îm_ Ago gyÌ nwT>rbà_mUo Amho.
n§MJì`mgmR>r bmJUmao KQ>H$ :-
Jmo_` (VmOo) 5 {H$bmo
Jmo_yÌ 3 {bQ>a
JmB©Mo XyY 3 {bQ>a
JmB©À`m XyYmMo Xhr 2 {bQ>a
JmB©Mo Vyn 1/2 {H$bmo
D$gmMm ag 3 {bQ>a
ehmi`mMo nmUr 3 {bQ>a
{nH$bobr Ho$ir 12 ZJ
VmS>r ({_iV Agë`mg) 2 {bQ>a
EHy$U 20 {bQ>a
`mMr gmYmaU ~mOma^mdmà_mUo qH$_V 40 é. àVr {bQ>a hmoVo. n§MJì` V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r Jmo_`mÀ`m EodOr Jmo~a J°g ñbarhr dmnaVm `oVo. Ë`m_wio Am§~Ê`mMr {H«$`m
A{YH$M doJmZo hmoD$Z n§MJì` V`ma hmoÊ`mMm H$mbmdYr H$_r hmoD$ eH$Vmo. nU gd©gmYmaUnUo Ago
ZgVo. Jmo~aJ°g ßb°Q>_Ü`o H$moUË`mhr àmÊ`m§Mr {dîR>m, (_mUyg, åh¡g, ~¡b, eoir B) {_gibr OmVo d
J°g OmXm {_imdm åhUyZ H$m|~S>r {dîR>m, YmÝ`m§Mr nmdS>a, _moJbr Ea§S> gma»`m Vob {~`m§Mmhr dmna
hmoVmo. Ë`m_wio JmB©Mo VmOo eoUM n§MJì` H$aUogmR>r dmnamdo. n§MJì`mMr Am§~dÊ`mMr {H«$`m J{V_mZ
![Page 50: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
H$aUogmR>r ½bwH$moO, gwH«$moO, _°ZmoO gmaIm JmoS> nXmW© JaOoMm Amho. D$gmMm ag hm Vo H$m`© doJmZo
H$aVmo. g|Ðr` Jyi CnbãY Agob Va Vmo nmÊ`mV {daKiyZ KoVbm Var n[aUm_ Mm§Jbm {_iVmo.
{nH$boë`m Ho$i`m§_wio gwú_ Ordm§Mr dmT> hmoVo.
VmS>r :-
n§MJì`mVrb Am§~dÊ`mÀ`m {H«$`o_wio XwJ©Y oVmo nU VmS>rMo dmnamZo `m KmU dmgmda ~-`mn¡H$s
{Z §ÌU R>odVm `oVo. Xwgao åhUOo VmS>r_wio Am§~Ê`mÀ`m {H«$`oMr JVr dmT>Vo.
ehmi`mMo nmUr :-
ehmi`mMo nmÊ`mV gm`Q>moH$m`ZrZ ho dmT> CËàoaH$ AgVo. ehmi`mMo nmÊ`mZo Am§~Ê`mÀ`m {H«$`oV
dmT>M hmoVo d ho \$dmaUrVyZ OmÊ`mZo PmS>m§Mo \w$Q>do `oÊ`mÀ`m {H«$`oV dmT> hmoVo.
n§MJì` V`ma H$aUoMr H¥$Vr :
Xoer JmB©Mo VmOo eoU 5 {H$bmo, Jmo_yÌ 3 {b. d 3 {b. nmUr EH$m _moR>`m Vm|S>mÀ`m {g_|Q> AJa ßb°ñQ>rH$Mo
hm¡XmV EH$Ì {_gimdo. Ë`m_Ü`o Vyn KmbyZ ^anya T>dimdo. 3 {Xdg ho T>diV ahmdo. 3 {Xdgm§Zr ~mH$s
gd© nXmW© (XyY, Xhr, D$gmMm ag, Ho$ir, VmS>r) Ë`m_Ü`o AmoVmdo. hm¡X gmdbrV R>oD$Z amoO gH$mi
gm §H$mir ^anya T>dimdo. ho 16 {Xdg H$aV ahmdo. 17 do {Xder åhUOoM gwédmV Ho$ë`mnmgyZ 20 do
{Xder ho n§MJì` V`ma hmoVo n§MJì`m_Ü`o gd© KQ>H$ Xoer JmB©À`mM dmnamì`m. gmYmaUnUo
n§MJì`mÀ`m CËnmXZ IM© 40 é. à{V {bQ>a `oVmo.
Oa D$gmMm ag CnbãY Zgob V 50 J«°_ g|Ðr` Jyi 3 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {daKiyZ KoD$Z dmnamdm. VgoM
Oa VmS>r CnbãY Zgob Va 100 J«°_ ~oqH$J `rñQ> nmdS>a d 100 J«°_ g|Ðr` Jyi d 2 {bQ>a Ja_ nmUr
(gmYmaU 60 g§o.) EH$Ì {_gimdo d AYm© Vmg ho {_lU T>diyZ _J n§MJì` ÐmdUmV BVa
nXmWm©~amo~a {_gimdo.
![Page 51: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
dmnaUoMr nÜXVr d à_mU :-
1. \$dmaUr :- n§MJì` d nmUr `m§Mo 3 % Mo à_mU A{Ve` `mo½` AmT>ibo Amho. åhUOoM 3
{bQ>a n§MJì` 100 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$aUog dmnamdo. Vo gd©M {nH$m§Zm `mo½`
R>aVo. \$dmaUr H$aVm§Zm _moR> m AmH$mamMo \$dmaUr ZmoPb dmnamdo qH$dm n§MJì` H$mnS>mVyZ
JmiyZ KoD$Z dmnamdo.
2. nmÊ`m~amo~a XoUo :- n§MJì` EH$ar 20 {bQ>a `mà_mUo, {nH$mg nmUr XoVm§Zm nmÊ`m~amo~a Úmdo.
3. ~rO d amon g§ñH$ma :- n§MJì`mMo 3 % Mo nmÊ`mVrb ÐmdU ~rO g§ñH$mamgmR>r qH$dm amonm§Mo
_i`mgoh AmoVÊ`mgmR>r dmnamdo. hiX, Ambo, H§$X, D$gmÀ`m {Q>n-`m n§MJì`mÀ`m 3 % À`m
ÐdUmV AYm© Vmg ~wS>dyZ bmdUr H$amdr.
4. ~rOgmR>r T>dU H$aUogmR>r - n§MJì`mZo 3 % ÐmdUmV gmR>dU H$am`Mo ~r {^OdyZ 15
{_ZrQ>m§Zr H$mTy>Z Mm§Jbo dmidmdo d Z§Va gmR>m H$amdm.
n§MJì`mÀ`m \$dmaUrMm H$mi :-
1. _moha qH$dm \w$bo oÊ`mnydu (qH$dm amono bmJUrZ§Va 20 {Xdgm§Zr ) - 15 {XdgmVyZ EH$ doi
\$dmaUr (Aem XmoZ \$dmaÊ`m {nH$mMo H$mbmdYr Zwgma)
2. \w$bo AgVm§Zm qH$dm bhmZ \$io AgVm§Zm - 10 {XdgmVyZ 1 \$dmaUr (Aem XmoZ \$dmaÊ`m)
3. \$io qH$dm e|Jm n¹$ hmoÊ`mMr doi - 1 \$dmaUr
n§MJì`mMr gmR>dU :-
n§MJì` V`ma Ho$ë`mda Vo amoO 2 doim T>diyZ 6 _{hÝ`mn`©V Amho Vgo {Q>H$dVm `oVo. ~mînr^dZm_wio Vo KÅ>
hmoD$ bmJbo Va Ë`mV Ho$di nmUr Kmbmdo d T>dimdo.
gm¡OÝ` :- n§MJì` - AZwdmXH$ lr. O`§V ~d}
![Page 52: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52
H$sS> d amoJ ì`dñWmnZ Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZrMr nmVir (ETL - Economic Threshold Limit) :-
H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mVrb emókm§Zr {nH$mdarb H$sS> d amoJmda ^anya g§emoYZ Ho$bo Amho. {d{dY {nH$mdarb H$sS> d
amoJ, `m§Mm OrdZH«$_, ZwH$gmZrMr nÜXV, nwZê$ËnmXZ doJ BË`mXr ~m~tMm gImob Aä`mg Ë`m§Zr Ho$bm Amho.
{nH$m§da {Za{Zamù`m H$sS> d amoJm§Mm àmXw^m©d hmoVmo. Ë`m§Zm eÌy H$sS> /amoJ åhUVmV. {ZgJm©V `m eÌy H$sS>/
amoJmda Cn{O{dH$m H$aUmao, Ë`m§Zm ImdyZ Q>mH$Umao, gyú_, A{Vgyú_, H$sS> / amoJ O§Vy AgVmV. Ë`m§Zm
namonOrdr d na^jr {H$Q>H$ (Parasites & predators) åhUVmV. Vo Amnbo {_Ì AmhoV. {ZgJm©V `m XmoÝhr
eÌy d {_Ì H$sS> amoJmMo R>amdrH$ g§VwbrV à_mU AgVo. Ooìhm eÌw{H$S>tMo à_mU {_Ì {H$S>rnojm dmT>Vo d {_Ì
{H$S>r Ë`m§Zm AmQ>moŠ`mV R>odÊ`mgmR>r Ag_W© hmoVmV. Ë`mMdoir H$sS> amoJ ì`dñWmnZogmR>r _mZdr hñVjonmMr
Oê$ar ^mgVo. Ë`mdoir H¥${Ì_ Cnm`m§Zr eÌw {H$S>tZm AmQ>moŠ`mV AmUmdo bmJVo. na§Vw Ë`mdoir {_Ì{H$S>tZmhr
BOm hmoUma Zmhr `mMrhr H$miOr ¿`mdr bmJVo. _mZdr hñVjonmMr doi H$moUVr ho R>a{dUo AË §V _hËdmMo
Amho. `m {d{eîQ>> doiobm Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZrMr nmVir åhUVmV. (Economic Threshhold limit) hr
R>amdrH$ nmVir Amobm§S>o n`ªV {ZgJm©Vrb {_Ì {H$S>r {nH$m§darb eÌw {H$S>rMm g_mMma KoÊ`mg g_W© AmhoV Ago
g_Omdo. ~hþg§»` eoVH$ar øm nmVirMm {dMma Z H$aVmM \$dmaÊ`m H$aVmV d ZH$iV {_Ì{H$S>tMmM g§hma
H$aVmV. Ë`m_wio eÌw{H$S>r dmT>Ê`mg dmd {_iVmo d {nH$m§Mo A{YH$ ZwH$gmZ hmoVo. eoVH$è`m§Zr Amnë`m Cä`m
{nH$mV gJirH$S>o {\$ê$Z {_Ì {H$S>r d gwÌ{H$S>tMo {Z[ajU H$amdo d Ë`mMo à_mU Zm|XdyZ ¿`mdo. Ë`mZ§Va nwT>rb
H$moï>H$mV XmIdë`mà_mUo {H$S>rZo Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZrMr nmVir Amobm§S>br H$s Zmhr ho Z¸$s R>admdo d Ë`mZ§Va
\$dmaUr H$aÊ`mMr JaO Amho H$s Zmhr `mMm {ZU© ¿`mdm. Aën à_mUmV Air, {H$S>r {XgV AgVrb Va
H$miOr H$ê$ Z o.
g|{Ð` eoVrnÜXVr_Yrb H$sS> d amoJ ì`dñWmnZmVrb KQ>H$ :- g|{Ð` eoVr nÜXVr_Ü`o {ZgJm©bm Z XwImdVm, n`m©daUmMm {dMma H$ê$Z AË`§V H$_r IMm©V à^mdr
ì`dñWmnZmgmR>r {Za{Zamù`m KQ>H$mMm dmna H$aVm `oVmo. `m KQ>H$m§Mm doJim qH$dm EH${ÌV dmna Ho$ë`m_wio
Amnbm CÔoe g\$b hmoVmo. H$moUË`m KQ>H$m§Mm dmna H$moUË`m H$maUmgmR>r d Ho$ìhm H$amdm øm~m~V eoVH$è`m§Zr
![Page 53: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53
à`moJerbVm R>odyZ ñWm{ZH$ n[apñWVr d {nH$m§À`m JaOoZwgma {ZU©` ¿`mdm. EH$M \$m°_w©bm gJirH$S>o bmJy
hmoB©bM ho gm§JVm oV Zmhr. Ë`m n[agamVrb {_Ì{H$S>tMo à_mU Ë`m O{_Zrdarb nydu dmnaboë`m amgm`{ZH$
IVmMo à_mU, {nH$m§Mr AdñWm, Vmn_mZ, AmX©Vm BË`mXr AZoH$ ~m~tda dmnaboë`m KQ>H$mMm n[aUm_ Adb§~yZ
Amho. g|{Ð` eoVr nÜXVr emómoº$nUo {dH$grV H$aÊ`mgmR>r H¥$fr {dÚmnrR>mVrb emók nr.EM.S>r. nXdrgmR>r
{dÚmÏ`mªZm EHo$H$ KQ>H$ R>odyZ gImob Aä`mg H$adyZ KoÊ`mMr JaO Amho. na§Vw gÜ`mÀ`m n[apñWVrV g|{Ð`
eoVr H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§À`m ñdmZw^dmda AmYmarV H$mhr {d{eï> KQ>H$mMr `mXr, Ë`m dmnaÊ`mMr {d{eï>
nÜXV, à_mU BË`mXr _m{hVr g§H$brV H$ê$Z gmXa Ho$br Amho. Aä`mgy eoVH$è`m§Zr Ë`mVrb __© d _hËd
OmUyZ Amnë`m ~wÜXrZo Ë`mMm dmna H$amdm Ago gwMdmdogo dmQ>Vo. {dkmZ {ZË`ZyVZ Agë`mZo Xadoir Ë`mV
_mobmMr ^a nS>VM OmUma Amho. H$sS> d amoJ ì`dñWmnZmgmR>r Imbrb KQ>H$m§Mm doJim qH$dm EH${ÌV dmna
H$aVm `oB©b. qH$~hþZm Ë`m KQ>H$m§Mm doJim qH$dm EH${ÌV dmna H$amdm.
1. {nH$mMo gai / gwYmarV/ g§{_l dmU
2. {~`mUo / H§$X / ~oUo g§ñH$ma
3. {_lnrH$ / gmnim nrH$ nÜXVrZo noaUr
4. O¡{dH$ H$sS> d amoJ ì`dñWmnZ
5. dZñnVrOÝ` Am¡fYm§Mm dmna
6. njr Wm§~o (Bird perches)
7. {MH$Q> gm§nio / a§JrV gmnio
8. àH$me gmnio
9. qbJ gmnio (\o$amo_rZ Q´>°ßg)
10. BVa (CXm. Jmo_yÌ XyY, doI§S>, [aR>m, dmdqS>J, Jyi B. )
1. njr Wm§~o :- eoVmVrb {nH$m§da amgm`{ZH$ IVo d agm`Zm§Mm dmna dmT>ë`mZo {d{dY njm§Mo dmñVì` H$_r Pmbo Amho. g|{Ð`
eoVr gwê$ Ho$ë`mda agm`Zo dmnaUo ~§X H$amdo bmJVo. Ë`mdoir njm§Mo eoVrV AmJ_Z AmnmoAmn gwê$ hmoVo. EHy$U
njm§n¡H$s 80 Q> o$ njr _m§gmhmar AmhoV. Vo eoVmVrb O{_Zrdarb d {nH$mdarb H$sQ>H$, _w§½`m, Aù`m, _mdm
BË`mXrda Cn{O{dH$m H$aVmV. Ë`m§Zm eoVm_Ü o Aml`ñWmZ hdo. Ë`mda Vo ~gyZ ^modVmbÀ`m n[agamVrb
![Page 54: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54
{nH$mdarb Aù`m d H$sQ>H$ doMyZ Imdy eH$Vrb. Ë`mbm njr Wm§~o åhUVmV. {_l nrH$ noaUr nÜXVrV C§M d
~wQ>Ho$ nrH$ AmnU {ZdS>Vmo Ë`m_wio nmIam§Zm C§M ~gyZ {ZarjU H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr {_iVo d CnÐdr H$sQ>H$, Aù`m
{XgVmM Vo doMyZ ImVmV. _w»` {nH$mnojm 60 go._r. C§M H$mR>r amodyZ AmS>dr H$mR>r ~m§Ybr Va Ë`mda Vo ~gy
eH$VmV. H$mnyg, Vya, ha^am, Jhÿ, _yJ, CS>rX, hiX BË`mXr {nH$m§_Ü`o Ago njr Wm§~o hoŠQ>ar 10 C^o Ho$ë`mg
{Od§V Aù`m, _mdm, ZmH$VmoS>o BË`mXr Vo doMyZ ImVmV. Jìhm_Ü o amÌr Aem Wm§ã`mda Kw~S>o, {n§Jim ~gyZ
didi H$aUmè`m C§Xam§Zm nH$S>VmV d ImVmV hr A{Ve` gmonr d à^mdr Cnm``moOZm OdiOdi gd©M
{nH$mV H$aVm `oVo.
2. gmnio :-
1. {nH$m§Mo gmnio :-
{ZgJm©V AZoH$ dZñnVr AmhoV. Ë`mVrb H$mhr dZñnVr Amnë`m {d{eï> JwUm§À`m AmYmao Amnë`m {nH$m§À`m
H$sS> d amoJ ì`dñWmnZo_Ü o ~hþ_mob _XV H$aVmV. H$mhr dZñnVr gmnim {nHo$ (Trap plants) {H$S>r amoJm§Zm
AmH${f©V H$aUmè`m, H$mhr namd¥Îm H$aUmè`m dZñnVr (repellent) AgVmV.
P|Sy>À`m _wù`mVrb Wm`mo\o$Z _wio gyÌH¥$_r H$_r hmoVmV. _moharÀ`m _wù`mVyZ ódUmam nXmW© (Am`gmWmgmogm`)
Isothiocynides _wiohr gwÌH¥$_r Xya OmVmV. VwierÀ`m PmS>mV {_WmB©b (MethylUgenol) `wOoZm°b Ðì` Amho.
Ë`m_wio \$i_merÀ`m ì`dñWmnZog _XV hmoVo.
bgyU, {_aMr, V§~mIy, grVm\$i, doI§S>, Xod Zmi, {ndir H$Ýhoa, O_mbJmoQ>m,{Zb{Jar, nnB©, Q>mo_°Q>mo, YmoVam,
Ea§S>r, _mohar, JdVr Mhm, {gQ´>moZobm, _moh qH$dm _hþAm, _opŠgH$Z gy ©\y$b, gmZoVmJ, Jwidob, _moJbr Ea§S>,
{ZaJwS>r, Am{\«$H$Z P|Sy>, Vwig, H$a§O, H$X©i, {Zgi, {ZdSy>§J, H$Oam, AmSy>>igm, {_ar, H$maQ>o, H$Ýhoa, I¡a,
{g§Xr, nw{XZm, XdZm, bmbA§~mS>r, eodJm, _|Xr, ~moa, eVmdar, bmOmiy BË`mXr Cn`wº$ dZñnVr AmhoV.
2. {MH$Q> gmnio / a§JrV gmnio :-
H$mngmÀ`m _mì`m§Zm d nm§T>ar _metZm {ndù`m a§JmMo AmH$f©U AgVo. Ë`m_wio eoVmV dmè`mÀ`m {XeoZo {ndù`m a§JmÀ`m {MH$Q>nQ>çm eoVmV bmdë`m Va _mdm `oÊ`mMr gyMZm {_iVo. {ndù`m nÍ`m§Zm J«m°g bmdbo Va Ë`mda nm§T>è`m _mí`m {MH$Q>VmV d _aVmV. doJdoJù`m àH$maMo {H$S>o doJdoJù`m a§JmZm AmH${f©V hmoVmV. ho gmnio {nH$m§nojm 30 go._r. C§Mmda bmdmdo bmJVmV. Ë`m_wio e|Xar ~m|S>AirMo nV§J AmH${f©H$ hmoVmV d {MH$Q>VmV. MrZ OnmZ V¡dmZ_Ü`o Ðmjmdarb AirgmR>r eoVH$ar hr nÜXV dmnaVmV.
![Page 55: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55
3. àH$me gmnio :- (Light traps)
{dÚwV ~ë~, H§$Xrb, noQ´>mo_°Šg qH$dm ImOJr H§$nZrMo ~Zdb obo àH$me gm§nio bmdbo Va {ZemMa
(Nocturnal) JQ>mVrb nV§JdJu` H$sQ>H$ (Lepidopterous) àH$memH$S>o AmH${f©bo OmVmV. d ~ë~mImbr
R>odboë`m am°Ho$b`wº$ nmÊ`mV nSy>Z _aVmV. _mXr nV§J _aU nmdë`m_wio Vo A§S>r Q>mHy$ eH$V Zmhr. Ë`m_wio ^mdr
ZwH$gmZ Q>iVo. amÌr 8 dmOon`ªV àH$me gmnio Mmby R>odmdoV Z§Va ~§X H$amdoV H$maU Ë`mZ§Va {_ÌH$sS>rMo nV§J
AmH${f©V hmoVmV d _aU nmdVmV. noê$, _mog§~r, S>mit~ d BVa \$iPmS>mdarb \$i_mer (Lemon
butterlly) Ho$di `mM Cnm`mZo n[aUm_H$maH$[aË`m AmQ>moŠ`mV AmUVm `oVo. dm§Jo, Q>mo_°Q>mo BË`mXr
^mOrnmë`mdarb Amù`m§Mo nV§Jhr AmH${f©bo OmVmV.
4. qbJ gmnio (\o$ao_moZ Q>°ßg) :-
\o$amo_moÝg hr EH$ àH$maMr {d{eï> agm`Zo qH$dm agm`Zm§Mr {_lUo AgVmV. hr agm`Zo H$sQ>H$ Amnë`m
àOmVrÀ`m H$sQ>H$m§er g§~§Y àñWmnrV H$aÊ`mgmR>r qbJ {df`H$ \o$amo_moÝgMm \$maM Cn`moJ hmoVmo. \o$amo_moÝgMo
H$m`© AË §V d¡{eï>nyU© AgyZ Ë`m§À`m n[aUm_ \$º$ ñdOmVr` d b¡{JH$j_ H$sQ>H$mdaM hmodyZ Vo `mo½` {dê$ÜX
qbJ H$sQ>H$m§H$S>o AmH${f©bo OmVmV. `mMmM \$m`Xm H$sQ>H$m§Mo {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r H$aÊ`mV `oV Agë`mMo {ZîH$f© nwT>o
Ambo AmhoV.
Cn`moJ :- 1. gmnù`mÛmao {H$S>tMo à_mU bjmV `oUo
2. _moR>çm à_mUmda {H$S>rMo nV§J gmnù`mV nH$S>Uo
3. H$sQ>H$m§À`m _rbZmV AS>Wim {Z_m©U H$aUo.
4. {H$S>tMr Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZrMr nmVir R>a{dÊ`mgmR>r _XV hmoVo.
\o$amo_moZ gmnim _O~yV H$mR>rÀ`m EH$m Q>moH$mbm ~m§YyZ H$mR>r {nH$m§nojm 60 Vo 90 go._r C§Mrda amhrb `m nÜXVrZo
amodmdr. Ë`mV AS>H$bobo nV§J amoO H$mTy>Z _mê$Z Q>mH$mdoV. gd}jUmgmR>r hoŠQ>ar 5 gmnio bmdmdoV. XmoZ
gm§nù`mdarb A§Va 30 _rQ>a Agmdo. gmnù`m_Yrb àbmo Zo (lure) 2-3 AmR>dS>çm§Zr ~Xbmdr H$mngmdarb
~m|S>AirMo nV§J amoO gamgar 8 Vo 10 nV§J gVV 3-4 {Xdg oV Agë`mg Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZrMr nmVir
Amobm§S>br Amho Ago g_Omdo d `mo½` Cnm``moOZm H$amdr.
![Page 56: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56
XenUu AH©$ :-
1. H$Sw>qZ~ nmbm - 5 {H$bmo
2. {gVm\$i nmbm - 2 {H$bmo
3. H$a§O nmbm - 2 {H$bmo
4. {ZaJwS>r nmbm - 2 {H$bmo
5. Q>UQ>Ur nmbm - 2 {H$bmo
6. _moJbr Ea§S> nmbm - 2 {H$bmo
7. ~oea_ nmbm - 2 {H$bmo
8. YmoVam nmbm - 2 {H$bmo
9. H$aS>r nmbm - 2 {H$bmo
10. Jmo_yÌ - 5 {bQ>a
11. JmB©Mo eoU - 3 {H$bmo
12. {hadr {_aMr - 2 {H$bmo
13. bgyU - 500 J«°_
14. nmUr - 2 {bQ>a
darb {_lU ßbm°pñQ>H$ Q>mH$sV 25 Vo 30 {Xdg gSy> Úmdo. Z§Va Ë`mVrb 2 Vo 5 {bQ>a ÐmdU KodyZ 200 {bQ>a
nmÊ`mV {_giyU H$sS> {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r dmnamdo, AH©$ 4 _{hÝ`mn`ªV dmnaVm oVmo.
![Page 57: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
57
VUm§Mo ì`dñWmnZ
eoVH$è`m§Mm eoVr H$aVmZm Imbrb 4 à_wI KQ>H$m§da IM© hmoVmo :-
1. g§H$arV {~`mUo
2. amgm`{ZH$ IVo
3. H$sQ>H$ d amoJZmeHo$
4. _Owar, g|{Ð` eoVr nÜXVr_Ü o `m gdmªda hmoUmam IM© dmM{dbm Amho VUm§À`m ì`dñWmnZm~Ôbhr
A{Ve` doJim Ñ{ï>H$moZ R>odÊ`mMr JaO Amho. emóm§kmgh gdmªMm Agm Xmdm Amho H$s, VU hr {nH$m§À`m
AÞÐì`m§er ñnYm© H$arV Agë`mZo Vr g_yi Zï> H$amdrV d eoV Zoh_r VU{dahrV d ñdÀN> Agmdo. VU
AZmddí`H$ dZñnVr AgyZ Vr dmTy> Xody Z`o. „VU ImB© YZ‟ Agm g§Xoe {Xbm Amho. H¡$. àm. Xm^moiH$a
gam§Zm _mÌ VU XoB© YZ Agm boI {bhÿZ R>odbm Amho. d EH$ ZdrZ g§H$ënZm gdmªg_moa _m§S>br Amho. VUo hr
{nH$m§gmR>r, O{_ZrgmR>r {H$Vr Cn`wº$ AmhoV Ë`mMo g{dñVa {ddoMZ Ho$bo Amho. gd©gmYmaUnUo H$moUË`mhr
{nH$m§À`m gwê$dmVrÀ`m EH$ Vo XrS> _{hZm H$mbmdYrV VUo AÞÐì`, gw ©àH$me d Amobmì`mgmR>r _w»`
{nH$m§er ñnYm© H$aVmV. Ë`mZ§Va VU {H$Vrhr dmT>bo Var Ë`mMm CËnÞmda H$mhr n[aUm_ hmoV Zmhr. VUm§Mo
ì`dñWmnZ H$aVmZm emókm§Zr AZoH$ à`moJ Ho$bo d àË`oH$ {nH$mMo Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZ Ho$ìhm hmody eH$Vo hm
H$mbmdYr {ZpíMV Ho$bm Amho. `m H$mbmdYrV {nH$m§_Ü`o VU ZH$mo Ë`mZ§Va VU {H$Vrhr dmT>bo Var
CËnmXZmda n[aUm_ hmoV Zmhr. lr. gw^mf nmioH$am§À`m _Vo ~hþg§»` VU Aënm`wfr d CWi _wù`m§Mr
Agë`mZo Vr C§M Agboë`m d Imob _wù`m AgUmè`m {nH$m§er AÞÐì`m§gmR>r A{O~mV ñnYm© H$arV ZmhrV.
AmnUmg hdr Agbobr _wbÐì`o Vr dmVmdaUmVyZM IoMyZ KoVmV. O{_ZrV Amobmì`mer Vo ñnYm© H$aVmV.
amgm`{ZH$ IVo dmnaUo ~§X Ho$bo H$s AmnmoAmn VUm§Mm àmXw m©d H$_r hmoVmo hm Amåhm gdmªMm AZww^d Amho.
AmXaUr` Jwê$d`© lr. ^mñH$a gmdo Jwê$OtÀ`m _Vo VUo hr O{_ZrMr g»Ir _wbo AmhoV d Amnbr {nHo$
gmdÌ _wbo, O{_Zrbm g»Ir _wb A{YH$ {à` AgUmaM Ë`m_wio Amnbo noabobo {~`mUo CJdÊ`mAmYr VU
CJdbobo AmnU Zoh_r nmhVmo. VUm§Mo {Z_y©bZ, {Z`§ÌU, g_yi CƒmQ>Z Zï> H$ê$ ZH$m. Ë`mEodOr Ë`mMo
`mo½` ì`dñWmnZ Adb§{~bo nm{hOo. VU CnQy>Z Z Q>mH$Vm Vr H$mnyZ AmÀN>mXZ åhUyZ dmnam. VUm§Mr C§Mr
![Page 58: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
58
_w»` {nH$mÀ`m C§Mrnojm OmñV hmoUma Zmhr `mMr \$º$ XjVm ¿`m. {ZgJ© {d{eï> àH$maÀ`m VUm§Mr dmT>,
{d{eï> H$mimVM, {d{eï> à_mUmVM (H$_r A{YH$) {Z`moOZnyd©H$ H$arV AgVmo. Z¡g{J©H$ g§VwbZ
amIÊ`mgmR>r Vgo Ho$bo OmVo. O{_Zrdarb {e{eï> _ybÐì`m§Mr H$_VaVm (deficiency) Xya H$aÊ`mgmR>r
{d{eï> VUm§Mr dmT> {ZgJ© H$arV AgVmo. åhUyZ eoVH$è`m§Zm Agm AZw^d Ambm Amho H$s, EImmÚm dfu
Kmoi (Portualaca) VUm§Mm EH$m dfu Va VamoQ>m, JmoIê$, H$m±J«og BË`mXr VUm§MmM àmXw^m©d H$Yr H$Yr
_moR> m à_mUmV Pmë`mMo OmUdVo. Kmoi VUm§_wio O{_ZrVrb _°¾o{e`_ YmVy§Mr H$_VaVm Xya hmoVo. _moharZo
OñVmMr Va amO{Jam {nH$m§_wio bmohmMr H$_VaVm ^ê$Z {ZKVo.
VUm§À`m ì`dñWmnZoVrb Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZrMr nmVir
A. H«$ nrH$ Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZrMr nmVir
(VU_wº$ {Xdg)
1 Ádmar 14 - 45
2 ~mOar 15 - 30
3 Vya 20 - 60
4 gy ©\y$b 25 - 50
5 gmo m~rZ 20 - 45
6 ^|S>r 30 - 60
7 {_aMr 40 - 60
8 H$mo~r, \w$bH$mo~r 50 - 60
9 dm§Jr 30 - 40
10 Q>mo_°Q>mo 30
11 H$m§Xm 40
{ZgJ© {d{eð> {H$S>tÀ`m AmJ_ZmAmYr {d{eï> dZñnVr dmT>dyZ à{VamoYH$mMr {Z{_©Vr H$aVmo. O{_ZrV
VUm§À`m _wù`m§À`mÛmao agm`Zo ódbr OmVmV. d Ë`m_wio gwÌH¥$_rgma»`m {H$S>tZm AQ>H$md hmoVmo. CXm. P|Sy>
Aer AZoH$ CXm. kmV d AkmV AmhoV Ë`m_wio Ago dmQ>Vo H$s, _mZdmZo Amnbr Aën~wÜXr bmdyZ gagH$Q>
VUm§Mo CƒmQ>Z Z H$aVm {ZgJm©Mo d VUm§À`m {Z{_©Vr_mJMo à`moOZ OmUyZ ¿`mdo. Aä`mgmdo d Ë`mZwgma
![Page 59: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
59
H¥$Vr H$amdr. VUo åhUOo Amnë`m S>moŠ`mdaMo Ho$g AmhoV Ago g_Omdo. Ho$gm§_wio Amnë`m S>moŠ`mMo
CÝhmnmgyZ g§ajU hmoVo. Vmn_mZ g§Vw{bV R>odÊ`mg _XV hmoVo. Ho$g OmñV dmT>bo Va AmnU Ë`m§Zm H$mnyZ
KodyZ _`m©{XV R>odVmo. CnQy>Z Q>mH$sV Zmhr. Ver VUo {Z`§ÌrV R>odmdrV, H$mnyZ Ë`mMo O{_ZrdaM AmÀN>mXZ
H$amdo d Ë`m_wio AZoH$ \$m`Xo hmoVmV. AmÀN>mXZm~m~V nwT>rb àH$aUmV A{YH$ _m{hVr {Xbr Amho.
H$mhr VUo ÌmgXm`H$ AgVmV. CXm. hamir, Hw§$Xm, bìhmim (ZmJa_moWm) Á`m eoVmV hamirMm àmwX^m©d
OmñV Amho. Ë`m eoVmV amO{Jam noamdm d Vmo 2 _{hÝ`m§Mm Pmë`mda H$mnyZ Ë`mMo AmÀN>mXZ hairda Q>mH$m.
1-2 dfm©V Ho$di AmÀN>m{XV O{_Zr_wio d amO{Jè`mVrb amgm`{ZH$ Ðì`m_wio hamirMo à_mU Iyn H$_r
hmoB©b. bìhmim qH$dm ZmJa_moWm VU OmñV AgUmè`m eoVrbm nmUr {Xë`mÀ`m Xwgè`m {Xder dm\$gm
`oÊ`mnyduM _Oya bmdyZ Amoë`m O{_ZrVrb ZmJa_moÏ`mÀ`m PmS>m§Zm ~moQ>m§À`m {M_Q>rV Yê$Z _wù`mgh
JÈ>`mgh CnQy>Z ¿`m. Ë`mZ§Va O{_Zrda bJoM CnbãY H$mS>rH$Mam / ~m`mo_mgMo AmÀN>mXZ H$am.
gy ©àH$memA^mdr bìhmim dmT>Uma Zmhr. 1 Vo 2 df© Ago Ho$ë`mg ZmJa_moÏ`mMm Ìmg H$_r hmoVmo.
VUo gy ©eº$sMm dmna H$ê$Z Amnbr dmT> H$ê$Z KoVmV. VUm§Zr Amnë`m earamV gmR>{dbobr hr gw ©eº$s d
D$Om© VUo H$mnyZ Ë`mMo AmÀN>mXZ H$ê$Z O{_Zrbm naV Ho$br Va Ë`m D$O}Mm dmna O{_ZrVrb gyú_
OrdmUy H$ê$Z KoVmV d O{_Z A{YH$ {Od§V d gH$g ~ZÊ`mg _XV hmoVo. Ë`m_wio AmnU noabobr {nHo$
Omo_mZo dmT>VmV d ^anya CËnÞ XoVmV. Ë`mgmR>r VUm§Mo `mo½` ì`dñWmnZ hr H$bm A{YH$ Aä`mgyZ /
emókm§Zr eoVH$è`m§Zm {eH$dmdr.
VUm§Mo O¡{dH$ ì`dñWmnZ :-
O¡{dH$ Cnm`m§Zr VUm§Mo ì`dñWmnZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r OJ^amVrb emók AmO à`ËZerb AmhoV. CXm.
ZmJ\$Ur VUm§gmR>r H$moMrZb ^w§Jo, JmOa JdVmgmR>r Pm`JmoJ«_m, dm`H$mobmoamQ>m, w§Jo, KmUoar nmZo ImUmao
{Q>br AmoZo_rZ ñHy«$, ^mVImMamVrb VUm§gmR>r Q>mS>nmob l«rß_(_mgo)gmoS>VmV. ObHw§$^rgmR>r {ZAmoMoQ>tZm
BH$mo[aZr ~«Mmo ^w§Joao gmoSVmV.
VUm§Mo \$m`Xo >:-
1. _w»` {nH$m§Zm n[anmofH$ _ybÐì`o nwadVmV (CXm. {ÛXb VUo)
2. O{_Zrdarb _mVrMo g§ajU H$aVmV.
![Page 60: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
60
3. O{_ZrV Amobmdm {Q>H$dyZ R>odÊ`mg _XV H$aVmV. (AmÀN>mXZm_wio)
4. O{_ZrV hdm IoiVr R>odÊ`mg _XV H$aVmV (aeration)
5. H$mhr VUo ÌmgXm`H$ VUmMo gmR>r dmT>amoYH$ åhUyZ H$m_ H$aVmV. (growth inhibitors)
6. VUm§Mm AmÀN>mXZ åhUyZ dmna Ho$ë`mg O{_ZrV dmT>Umè`m gyú_ {OdmU§yZm nmofH$ Vmn_mZ, AmЩVm d
g|{Ð` ImÚ {_iVo.
7. VUm§À`m AmÀN>mXZm_wio O{_Zrda gy m©Mr A{VZrb {H$aUo (ultra violet rays) gyú_OrdmUy§À`m
A§Jmda WoQ> Z nS>ë`mZo gyú_ OrdmUy§Mo g§ajU hmoVo.
8. VUo _oë`mZ§Va _w§½`m, Jm§Sy>io d {OdmUy§gmR>r ImÚ åhUyZ dmnabr OmVmV.
9. H$mhr VUo ÌmgXm`H$ VUm§À`m nwZê$ËnmXZmg ~mYm AmUVmV. (Reproductive inhibitors )
10. H$mhr VUm§Vrb Ðì`m_wio H$sS> d amoJm§Mo O§Vy Odi {\$aH$V ZmhrV. (Repellent)
![Page 61: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
61
AmÀN>mXZ (Mulching)
^y_mVobm g|{Ð` nXmWmªMo dó AË`mdí`H$ AmhoV. Ë`mbmM AmÀN>mXZ åhUVmV. {nHo$ Ho$di
gyú_OrdmUy§À`m A{ñVËdm_wioM dmT>VmV d Ë`m§Zm gVV ImÚ {_imbo VaM Vo dmT>V OmVrb d {nH§$mZm
Amdí`H$ AgUmar _ybÐì o nwadrV amhUma Ë`m_wio {OdmUy§Mo ImÚ g|{Ð` nXmW© gVV O{_Zrbm nwa{dUo
_hËdmMo Amho. {nH$mÀ`m Adeof§mÀ`m nyZdm©na nÜXVr_wioM MrZ_Yrb g|{Ð` eoVr `eñdr Pmbr Amho.
(Recycling). „Dirty farming is best farming and clean farming is worst farming‟.
eoVmV CnbãY AgUmam gd© H$mS>rH$Mam, nmbmnmMmoim, {nH$m§Mo Adeof, YgH$Q>o, VU, dmibobr nmZo,
Ho$irMo H§$XmS>o (N>mQ>bobr), CgmMr nmMQ> BË`mXr ~m`mo_mgMo AmÀN>mXZ {nH$m§À`m AmoirV qH$dm dmâ`mV ,
\$iPmS>m§À`m Amù`mV g§nyU©nUo A§Wamdo _moH$ir O_rZ R>ody Z`o. {nH$m§Mo Cabobo Adeof, H$Mam H$Yrhr
Omiy Z`o. Ywè`mda {ZXbobo JdV CMbyZ Z Q>mH$Vm {nH$mVM AmoirV ~wS>mbm ngê$Z Q>mH$mdo. ho gd©
gyú_{OdmUy§Mo ImÚ Amho. Imbrb àH$maÀ`m g|{Ð` nXmWm©Mm AmÀN>mXZmgmR>r dmna H$amdm.
3. OmñV H$~© / ZÌ JwUmoÎma (150:1) AgUmao g|{Ð` nXmW© CXm. nmMQ> ^wgm, nèhmQ>r VwH$S>o ~J°g.
4. _Ü`_ H$~© / ZÌ JwUmoÎma (50:1) AgUmao g|{Ð` nXmW© CXm. {hadm nmMmoim, JdV, {hadirMo JdV
5. H$_r H$~© - ZÌ JwUmoÎma (25:1) AgUmao g|{Ð` nXmW© CXm. eoU, _b_yÌ B. darb {VÝhr àH$maÀ`m
g|{Ð` nXmWm©Mo {_lU O{_Zrda A§Wê$Z AmÀN>mXZ Ho$bo Va gd©M àH$maMo gyú_OrdmUy (AënOrdr,
XrK©Ordr) _moR>çm à_mUmda dmT>VmV d Vr (Theory of transmutation) AmYmao {nH$m§Zm
O{_ZrVyZ hdo Voìhm, hdo {VVHo$, hdo Ë`m à_mUmV Amho Ë`mVyZM nm[anmof _yë`$ Ðì`o CnbãY H$ê$Z
XoVmV.
![Page 62: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
62
AmÀN>mXZmMo \$m`Xo :-
1. gy ©àH$memVyZ {ZKUmè`m A{V{Zb {H$aUm§_wio (ultra violet)O{_Zrdarb EH$noer` (single
celled) {OdmUy qH$dm ~°ŠQ>o[a`m _aVmV. {nH$m§V g|{Ð` nXmWm©Mo AmÀN>mXZ Ho$bo Va gy ©{H$aUm§nmgyZ
{OdmUy§Mo g§ajU hmoVo. Vo _aV ZmhrV, CbQ> dmT>VmV.
2. AmÀN>mXZmgmR>r dmnaboë`m g|{Ð` nXmWmªMo {dKQ>Z hmodyZ g|{Ð` IV åhUyZ Cn`moJ hmoVmo. Ë`m_wio
{OdmUy§Mr g§»`m dmT>Vo.
3. VUm§Zm gy ©àH$me _`m©{XV {_imë`mZo VU à_mUm~mhoa CJdV ZmhrV d CJdbo Var dmao_mn dmT>V
ZmhrV.
4. O{_Zrdarb nmÊ`mMo ~mînr^dZ H$_r Pmë`m_wio nmUr H$_r bmJVo. VgoM O{_ZrVrb jma,
n¥ð>^mJmda oÊ`mMo à_mU Wm§~Vo. Ë`m_wio O{_Zr jma`wwº$ hmoV ZmhrV.
5. g|{Ð` H$~m©Mo à_mU dmT>Ê`mg _XV hmoVo.
6. AmÀN>mXZm_wio O{_Zrdarb Vmn_mZ d AmX©VoMo à_mU gyú_ OrdmUy§Zm AË`§V nmofH$ à_mUmV amhVo.
7. g|{Ð` nXmWm©Mo AmÀN>mXZ Agë`mZo O{_ZrMr hdoVrb ~mîn emofyZ KoÊ`mMr j_Vm dmT>Vo d Ë`m_wio
{nH$m§Zm H$_r nmUr bmJVo.
8. gyú_OrdmUy§Mr H$m`©j_Vm dmT>Vo.
9. O{_ZrVrb Jm§Sy>im§Zm / gyú_OrdmUy§Zm ImÚ d g§ajU {_iVo.
![Page 63: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
63
PGS - Participatory Guarantee Scheme
( ñd`§emgrV à_m{UH$aU nÜXVr) g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVr hr H$_r IMm©Mr, {~ZH$Om©Mr d emídV CËnÞ XoUmar Agë`mMo ~-`mM eoVH$-`m§Zm
g_Obo Amho. hr nÜXVr pñdH$maUm-`m eoVH$-`m§nwT>o g|Ðr` eoVr / _mbmMo à_m{UH$aU d Z§Va `mo½`
~mOmanoR> H$er {_idmdr hm `e àíZ nS>bm Amho. gÜ`mMr àM{bV à_m{UH$aU nÜXV IMuH$ d ~-`mM
H$mJXnÌm§Mo {bImU JaOoMr AgUmar Amho. Ë`m_wio bhmZ d Aën yYmaH$ g|Ðr` eoVH$ar à_m{UH$aUmnmgyZ
d§{MV hmoVo. Aem doir Ë`m§Zm Jmd / VmbwŠ`mÀ`m H$m`©joÌmVM Amnbm à_m{UV Z Ho$bobm _mb Ho$di
{dídmgmÀ`m AmYmamda {dH$mdm bmJV hmoVm. Aem n[apñWVrV Xoem§VJ©V Hw$R>ohr _mb {dH$Ê`mMr A{YH¥$V
nadmZJr AgUmar “ñd`§emgrV à_m{UH$aU nÜXVr (PGS ) ” eoVH$-`m§_Ü`o AmVm bmoH${à` hmoV Amho. `m
`moOZoMm bm^ _hmamï´>mVrb gd© g|Ðr` eoVH$-`m§Zr ¿`mdm Aer _m°\$Mr {dZ§Vr Amho.
g|Ðr` eoVr H$aUm-`m àË`oH$ eoVH$-`m§Zr 6 OUm§Mm 1 JQ> H$éZ _m°\$H$S>o g§nH©$ gmYmë`mg Ë`m§Mr eoVr
à_m{UV H$aÊ`mgmR>r Amåhr à`ËZ H$é. eoVH$-`m§Zm nr.Or.Eg. nÜXVr~m~V _m{hVr Imbrbà_mUo :-$
1. 2004 _Ü o ~«mPrb_Ü o International Federation on Organic Agriculture Movement
(IFOAM) d ñWm{ZH$ MAELA g§ñWoV nr.Or.Eg. ~m~V gd© àW_ MMm© gwé Pmbr.
2. ~«mPrb, w.Eg.E.,Ý y{Pb§S> _Ü`o eoVH$-`m§V bmoH${à`.Pmë`mZo 3 gßQ>o~a 2006 _Ü`o ^maVmV :-
- Ministry of Agriculture {Z`moOZ Am`moJ
- AÞ d H¥${f g§KQ>Zm E\$.E.Amo. (`w.EZ.) d
- Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ Agmo{gEeZ Am°\$ B§{S> m (Amo\$m`) `m§Zr ~¡R>H$ KoVbr d nr.Or.Eg.
^maVmV gwé H$aÊ`mMo R>adbo.
- nr.Or.Eg. à_m{UV g|Ðr` eoVr _mbmg ^maVmVrb gd© amÁ`mV {dH$Ê`mg \$m`Xoera
_mÝ`Vm Amho. Z{OH$À`m H$mimV {Z`m©VrgmR>rhr nadmZJr {_iob.
![Page 64: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
64
àMbrV WS>© nmQ>u gQ>u{\$Ho$eZ àUmbmVrb Xmof :-
1. ewëH$ Iwn OmñV, bhmZ eoVH$-`mMo CËnÞhr \$sg EdT>o {ZKV Zmhr.
2. nona dH©$ Iyn AdKS>, pŠbñQ> d ^anya
3. 200 - 400 hoŠQ>a Am§~m, Mhm _io, Contract Farming qH$dm _moR> m eoVH$-`m§Zm 1-2 {nH$m§gmR>r d
Export gmR>r nadS>Vo. bhmZ eoVH$ar Omo. 4 EH$a _Ü`o 10-13 {nHo$ KoVmo. Ë`mg àË oH$mMo doJio aoH$m°S>©
R>odUo AdKS> Amho.
4. ~mhoarb Inspector Mo ahmUo, ImUo, dmhZ gmo , AmkmnmbZ, _Ou amIUo BË`mXr Jar~ eoVH$-`mbm
nadS>V Zmhr.
nr.Or.Eg. Mr d¡{eï>`o :-
1. bhmZ eoVH$-`m§gmR>r Cn wº$
2. _m°\$ AmOrd g^mgX ewëH$ 1,000 /- + ñQ>oeZar BË`mXr é. 200 /- Ago EHy$U é. 1,200 /- à{V
eoVH$ar \$º$ IM© `oVmo.
3. {bImU H$_r, gwQ>gwQ>rV d gmono / nona dH©$ H$_r
4. 3 dfm©nmgyZ g|Ðr` eoVr H$aUm-`m eoVH$-`mg n{hë`mM dfu à_m{UH$aU {_iÊ`mMr gmo`
(3 df© Wm§~m`Mo H$m_ Zmhr)
5. ñdV:Mr nañna {dídmgmda eoV VnmgUr (Y§XodmB©H$ {V-hmB©H$mZo `oD$Z Inspection
H$aÊ`mMr JaO Zmhr.)
6. ñWm{ZH$ {nH$ n[apñWVr d hdmZm_mer AZwén d gwg§JV AgUmar nÜXV Amho (Xwg-`mZo Z
bmXbobr)
7. 1,2,3 d Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ H$mimnmgyZ g|Ðr` eoVr H$aUm-`m§gmR>r à_mUnÌ {_iÊ`mMr gmo Transition
/ fully organic certificate àË`oH$mbm {_iob.
![Page 65: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
65
_hËdmMr ~m~ / \$m`Xo :- 1. _moR>o \$m_© d eoVr_mbmÀ`m {Z`m©VrgmR>r Third party certification Amdí`H$ Amho d bhmZ
eoVH$-`m§gmR>r nadS>Umar nro.Or.Eg. nÜXVrhr Amdí`H$ Amho. Ë`m_wio ^maVr` eoVH$-`m§gmR>r XmoÝhr
`§ÌUm§Zr Parallel `§ÌUm åhUyZ H$m_ H$am`Mo Amho. nr.Or.Eg. hr `§ÌUm Complementary åhUyZ H$m_ H$aob
(J[a~m§gmR>r).
2. nr.Or.Eg. nÜXVrV eoVH$-`m§Mm bhmZ JQ> Agë`mZo EH$Ì ~¡R>H$m, MMm©, AZw dm§Mr XodmU KodmU,
Ë`mZwgma MwH$m§Mr gwYmaUm, EH$Ì {Z{dîR>m CËnmXZ, _mbmMo _mH}$§Q>rJ BË`mXrgmR>r _XV hmoVo.
3. g|Ðr` Midi Grassroot level nmgyZ da n`ªV dmT>Ê`mg _XV hmoVo.
4. bhmZ eoVH$-`m§Zm ^maVmV Hw$R>ohr A{YH¥$V d ImÌrMm åhUyZ eoV_mb {dH$Vm oB©b d n¡go OmñV {_idVm
`oVrb.
5. gÜ`m nr.Or.Eg. à_m{UV _mbmMr Xoem§VJ©V {dH«$s H$aÊ`mg nadmZJr Amho. na§Vw H$mbm§VamZo {Z`m©VrgmR>r
nadmZJr {_imë`mg A{YH$ g§Yr àmá hmoB©b.
6. _hmamï´>mgmaIo nr.Or.Eg. J«wn H$Zm©Q>H$, Am§Y«àXoe, CÎmaàXoe, Vm{_iZmSy>, Amo[agm, CÎmamMb, JwOamV,
npíM_ ~§Jmb d n§Om~_Ü`o AmhoV Ë`m§À`m ghH$m`m©Zo Amnë`m _mbmMo Processing & Marketing
H$aÊ`mgmR>r ghH$m`© KoVm `oB©b.
7. 50 EH$a dmë`mZo Third party certificate Ho$bo d Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o H$mnyg 20 EH$a, Vya, _yJ, CS>rX, gmo`m~rZ,
^wB©_yJ 30 EH$a Agob Va Ë`mMm H$mnyg \$º$ EŠgnmoQ>©gmR>r _m{JVbm OmVmo d ~mH$s _mb Ë`mbm bmoH$b
_mH}$Q>bm {dH$mdm bmJVmo - Third party certification dmë`m§Zm export _Ü oM OmñV interest Amho åhUyZ
~mH$s _mbmgmR>r ñdV: à`ËZ H$amdo bmJVmV. Ë`mgmR>r nr.Or.Eg.Mr Amdí`H$Vm Amho.
8. JQ>mVrb eoVH$ar gj_ d AmË_{Z^m©a hmodyZ Ë`m§À`mV AmË_{dídmg {Z_m©U hmoVmo.
Imbrb 15 g§ñWm ^maVmV nr.Or,Eg gmR>r H$m ©aV AmhoV :-
1. Amo\$m` - Jmodm
2. The Covenant Centre for Development (CCD) _XwamB©
3. Timbuktu Collectives, Chittoor, A.P.
4. Institute of integrated Rural Development, Aurangabad
![Page 66: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
66
5. MOFF, Pune (Maharashtra Organic Farming Federation)
6. Inhere, Uttaranchal
7. Samoha, Karnatak
8. Chitna Vikas, Wardha
9. Chetna Organic - Karminagar, A.P.
10. CPMP in Rajastan,
11. Kuchch Sajiv Kheti Manch - Gujarat
12. Keystone, Nilgiris - Tamil Nadu
13. Janhit Foundation - U.P.
14. Resource service centre, West Bengal
15. Sambandh, Orissa.
nr.Or.Eg. Mr H$m`© nÜXVr :-
EHy$U Mma ñVa :-
1. Farm family
2. Local group
3. MOFF PGS Organic facilitating centre (PGSOFC)
4. National Council
n{hbm ñVa Farm family :- (O~m~Xmar)
1.Organic Standard Mr _m{hVr H$éZ ¿`mdr bmJob.
2. Farm Practices {e\$magrZwgma H$aÊ`mMr V`mar hdr
3. enW ¿`mdr bmJob.
4. EH$_oH$m§er eoVr VnmgVmZm ghH$m © H$amdo bmJob.
5. Field training _Ü`o gh^mJr KoÊ`mMr V`mar hdr
6. Local group À`m ~¡R>H$sbm {Z`{_VnUo CnpñWV amhUo, EH$_oH$m§À`m AZw^dm§Mr XodmUKodmU H$aUo d
Ë`mZwgma eoVr nÜXVrV gwYmaUm H$aÊ`mMr V`mar hdr.
7. g|Ðr` ì`mnm-`m§Zm / J«mhH$m§Zm eoV nhm`bm ghH$m © H$amdo bmJob.
8. é. 1,000 /- é. ewëH$ ^éZ _m°\$ g§ñW|Mm AmOrd g^mgX ìhmdo bmJob.
![Page 67: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
67
Xwgam ñVa Local group :- (O~m~Xmar) 1. EH$mM JmdmVrb qH$dm Odi AgUm-`m JmdmVrb EH$_oH$m§Zm AmoiIUmao eoVH$ar H$_rVH$_r 6 d
OmñVrV OmñV {H$Vrhr eoVH$-`m§Mm bmoH$b J«wn H$aVm `oB©b na§Vw Manage hmoÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo 15-20
À`m da eoVH$ar gXñ` ZH$moV.
2. 1 df©, 2 df©, 3 df© qH$dm Ë`mhÿZ H$mimnmgyZ g|Ðr` eoVr H$aUmam gXñ` hmody eHo$b.
3. SHG, ~MV JQ>, Regional NGO bmhr J«wn H$aV oVrb
4. eoVH$ar _m{hVr nwpñVH$m, \$moQ>mo, enW BË`mXr _m{hVr ^éZ Úmdr bmJob.
5. J«wn_Yrb H$_rVH$_r 3 OUm§À`m g{_VrÀ`m Q>r_ Zo àË`oH$mMr eoV VnmgUr H$amdr bmJob _mÌ ñdV:Mr
eoV VnmgUr H$aVm§Zm Vmo VnmgUr g{_Vr gXñ` Zgmdm.
6. JQ> à_wImZo BVa gXñ`m§À`m A{^àm`mZwgma Hw$Umbm certificate Úm`Mo Amho qH$dm Zmhr `mMm {ZU©
¿`m`Mm Amho.
7. Regional Council Zo gwM{dboë`m ÌwQ>rMr d {e\$maerMr nyV©Vm H$éZ ¿`mdr bmJob.
8. AÚmdV _m{hVrMr ~m°Šg \$mB©b V`ma H$amdr bmJob d àË`oH$ JQ>mg ñdV§Ì H$moS> Z§. CXm. MH 01 005
- Zm|Xdmdm bmJob.
9. JQ>mVrb EImÚm eoVH$-`mZo ImoQ>r _m{hVr XoD$Z \$gdUyH$ d {Xem^yb Ho$br Va Ë`m g§nyU© JQ>mMr
_mÝ`Vm aÔ hmoUma Amho `mMr OmUrd àË`oH$mbm Úmdr bmJob.
10. JQ>mVrb gXñ`mZo H$moUVm g|Ðr` _mb {H$Vr à_mUmV CËnmXZ Ho$bm d Vmo {dH$ë`m_wio {H$Vr Am{W©H$
\$m`Xm Pmbm `mMr Zm|X JQ> à_wImZo R>odyZ Ë`mMr àV PGSOFC / _m°\$H$S>o Úmdr bmJob.
11. 3 dfm©nmgyZ g|Ðr` eoVr H$aUm-`m d H$mJXnÌo d AQ>tMr g_mYmZH$maH$ nyV©Vm H$aUm-`m eoVH$-
`m§Zm 1 df© d¡YVm AgUmao certificate XoÊ`mV `oB©b. Xwgao dfu Vo reinspection hmodyZ Ë`mMo
ZyVZrH$aU H$aÊ`mMr gw{dYm Amho.
12. eoVH$-`mg à_mUnÌ XoUo Z XoUo `mMm A{YH$ma _m°\$bm ZgyZ Vmo Ho$di JQ> à_wImbm Amho `mMr
OmUrd R>odmdr bmJob.
![Page 68: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
68
{Vgam ñVa MOFF (PGS organic facilitating council - PGSOFC) :- (O~m~Xmar)
1. National council Zo _mÝ`Vm {Xbobr Agmdr.
2. PGSOIC Participatory Guarantee Scheme Organic India Council H$moS> àË`oH$ nr.Or.Eg.
JQ>mbm Úmdm bmJob.
3. gd© JQ>mMr Zm|X R>odUo. JQ>mZo gd© H$mJXnÌm§Mr nyV©Vm Ho$br H$m nmhUo d gd© amoH$m°S>© AÚmdV R>odÊ`mMr
O~m~Xmar Agob.
4. nr.Or.Eg. nwpñVH$m _amR>rV ^mfm§Va H$éZ amÁ`mV eoVH$ar à~moYZ H$éZ JQ> {Z{_©VrV àmoËgmhZ
XoUo.
5. JQ>mZo nmR>dbobm Ahdmb VnmgUo, ÌwQ>rMr nyV©Vm H$éZ KoUo d gË`Vm {Oëhm à_wIm hñVo d BVa gd©
_mJm©Zo VnmgyZ KoUo.
6. JQ>mVrb eoVH$ar gXñ`mbm ñdV§Ì Treatment Z XoVm g§nyU© JQ>mgmR>r EH$ YmoaU R>admdo bmJob JQ>mg
recognize / derecognize H$aÊ`mMm A{YH$ma Agob.
7. nr.Or.Eg. g|Ðr` à_mUnÌ XoUo
8. nr.Or.Eg. JQ> H$gm ~Zdmdm, Peer Appraisal Report (VnmgUr Ahdmb) H$gm V`ma H$amdm `mMo
à~moYZ H$aUo.
9. JQ>mnwT>rb Vm§{ÌH$ AS>MUr gmoS>dUo, e§H$m g_mYmZ H$aUo, ÌwQ>tMr nyV©Vm H$adyZ KoUo.
10. àË`oH$ JQ>mVrb gXñ` eoVH$-`m§_Ü`o nañna {dídmg d ghH$m`m©Mr ^mdZm dmT>dUo d AmË_{dídmg
dmT>dÊ`mgmR>r ghH$m`© H$aUo.
11. JQ>mÀ`m g|Ðr` _mbmMm ~mOmanoR>ogmR>r `mo½` _mJ©Xe©Z H$aUo
MdWm ñVa National council :- 1. Training workshop KoUo
2. Regional council bm _mÝ`Vm XoUo
3. nr.Or.Eg. nÜXVrgmR>r bmJUmao gd© {bImU, gm{hË` d _m{hVr Regional council bm nwadUo
![Page 69: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
69
4. National practices for organic production (NPOP) standard Mm AmYma KoD$Z “ Basic
organic standard” V`ma H$aUo d update H$aUo.
5. JQ>m§Zm nr.Or.Eg. H$moS> XoÊ`mg _XV d _mJ©Xe©Z H$aUo
6. H$m`© à^mdr hmoÊ`mgmR>r nm°{bgr_Ü`o doimodoir XwéñË`m H$aUo
7. Marketing gmR>r SMS, Internet À`m ghmæ`mZo database V`ma H$aUo Consumers, Media À`m
_XVrZo organic marketing gmR>r à`ËZ H$aUo.
8. gd© nr.Or.Eg. JQ>mMr Internet traceability & database V`ma H$aUo.
9. APEDA d Third party certification agency Mo ghH$m`© KoD$Z nr.Or.Eg. JQ>mÀ`m _mH}$Q>tJgmR>r
g§Yr emoYUo.
10. eoVr _mbmMo Random sample KoD$Z pesticide residue testing H$aUo.
11. National Council _Ü o J«mhH$ qH$dm Buyer group KoVm `oB©b nU Ë`m§Zm _VXmZmMm h¸$ amhUma
Zmhr `mMo XjVm KoUo.
12. PGSOFC _m°\$bm emgZmH$XyZ Am{W©H$ _XV d ghH$m © {_idyZ XoÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ H$aUo.
A{YH$ _m{hVrgmR>r H¥$n`m _m°\$bm g§nH©$ gmYmdm hr {dZ§Vr.
_hmamï> Am°aµJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
1038 / 11, ~mbmOr {Zdmg, âb°Q> Z§. 5, H$m°g_m°g ~±H$ boZ,
{Xn ~§Jbm Mm¡H$, _m°S>ob H$m°bZr, nwUo - 411 016
\$moZ Z§. +91 20 25659090 / 32907302
Email :- [email protected]
Website :- www.moffindia.com
![Page 70: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
70
g|{Ð` eoVr _mbmMo {dH«$s ì`dñWmnZ
H$moUË`mhr eoVr_mbmÀ`m {dH«$s ì`dñWmnZmMo emó _J Vmo amgm`{ZH$ Agmo AWdm g|{Ð` _mb Agmo, Vr
gmaIrM H$bm Amho.
AmnU ñdV: Amnë`m Hw$Qw>§{~`mgh ~mOmamV Joë`mda H$moUVr dñVw H$er {ZdS>Vmo d H$moUË`m ^mdmZo {dH$V
KoÊ`mMo ng§V H$aVmo hr H$ënZm Ho$br H$s _J {dH«$s ì`dñWmnZmMr `moOZm Ë`mà_mUo AmIUo gmono OmVo.
g|{Ð` eoVr_mbmÀ`m {dH«$s ì`dñWmnZm~m~V A{YH$ gImob {bImU Z H$aVm \$º$ _wÔogyX {ddoMZ
H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho.
1. g|{Ð` eoVr gwê$ H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Zr ñdV:À`m Hw$Qw>§{~`mgmR>r {df_wº$ AÞ Amnë`mgmR>rM CËnmXrV
H$am`Mo Amho hm CÔoe g_moa R>odmdm. Ë`mZ§Va Amnë`m H$m°bZr_Ü`o Z§Va ñdV:À`m JmdmV, VmbwŠ`mV,
{Oëh`mV d OmXm _mb CËnm{XV hmoV Agob Va Amnë`m {Oëh`m~mhoa ehamV {dH$Ê`mMo C{Ôï>> R>odmdo.
eoVr nmgyZ {dH«$sMo ñWi OgOgo bm§~V OmB©b VgVgo dmhVwH$ d BVa IMm©_wio _mb {dH$Uo I{M©H$
hmoV OmVo. Amnë`m ^maVmVrb Xoe~m§Ydm§Zm {df_wº$ AÞ XodyZ AJm_r {nT>r g_¥ÜX d ~bdmZ
H$aÊ`m{df`r àmYmÝ` Úmdo d Var _mb {e„H$ amhV Agob VaM Vr naXoemV {Z`m©V H$amdm. OmXm ^md
{_iVmo åhUyZ Kar Cnmer, amoJr amhÿZ naH$s`m§Zm ~bdmZ H$aUo `mo½` Zmhr.
2. nmM _hËdmÀ`m (P) H$S>o Aä`mgnyd©H$ bj {Xbo Va Vwåhr AË`§V `eñdr {dHo«$Vo hmody eH$Vm.
1. (Product) - g|{Ð` eoVr_mb
2. (Price) - qH$_V
3. (Place) - {dH«$sMo ñWi
4. (Promotion)- àMma
5. (Packaging) - doï>Ur H$aUo
![Page 71: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
71
1. (Product) - CËnmXrV eoVr_mb :-
Amnbm g|{Ð` eoVr_mb _J Vmo S>mir, Vm§Xwi, Jhÿ, {VIQ>, Agmo d \$io, ^mOrnmbm qH$dm
à{H«$`m wº$ bmoUMo BË`mXr Agmo, Vmo ñdÀN>, CËH¥$ï>> àVrMm, MdrMm, àm_m{UH$nUo CËnm{XV
Ho$bobm g|{Ð`M AgUo JaOoMo Amho. ~mOmamVrb Amnë`m ZmdmMr à{Vð>m àXrK© H$mimn ªV
{Q>H$dyZ {dH$m`Mm Agob Va øm ~m~r Amdí`H$ AmhoV.
2. (p – Price ) :-
g|{Ð` _mbmMr qH$_V ^a_gmR> Agy Z`o. AmnU ñdV: ~mOmamV EImXr dñVy IaoXr H$aVmZm Jobmo
Va Mm§Jbr d ñdñV dñVy KoÊ`mMm Amnbm H$b AgVmo. Ë`mÑï>rZo ~mOmamV Agob Vmo ^md qH$dm
Ë`mnojm \$º$ 10 Vo 15 Q>¸o$ OmXm qH$_V AmH$mamdr. eoVH$è`m§Zr eoVmVyZ WoQ> XwH$mZmV _mb
{dH«$sgmR>r AmUbm Va Ë`mMr Xbmbr, {~OH$ _mH}$Q, nmoñQ>oQ>,> Q>°Šg BË`mXr IM© dmMVmo d {hemo~
Ho$bm Va _mH}$Q> `mS>m©V ZodyZ {dH$ë`mda OodT>o n¡go {_imbo AgVo Ë`mnojm A{YH$ n¡go WoQ> XwH$mZmV
{dH$bo Va {_iVmV Agm AZw^d Amho. g|{Ð` _mbmbm XwßnQ>, {VßnQ> ^md {_iVmo åhUyZ g|{Ð`
eoVr H$am Agm nydu {Xbobm MwH$sMm d {Xem^yb H$aUmam Amho. {dHo«$Vo AmnUM AmhmoV d J«mhH$hr
AmnUM AmhmoV Agm {dMma Ho$bm nmhrOo åhUOo Hw$Umdahr AÝ`m` hmoUma Zmhr. {df_wº$ _mbmZo
AmOmar hmoUma Zmhr. S>m°ŠQ>ada hmoUmam IM© dmMob BË`mXr _wÔo {dMmamW© AmhoVM. na§Vw J«mhH$
{IemVyZ ghOmghOr n¡go ~mhoa H$mT>rV ZgVmo. hr _mZ{gH$Vm {dH«o$Ë`mZo bjmV ¿`m`bm hdr.
Amnë`mbm Amnbm _mb Am_ OZVobm {dH$m`bm Amho \$º$ _moOŠ`m J ©lr_§Vm§Zm Zìho. Am_
OZVobm {df_wº$ AÞ XoÊ`mMo Ü o` Amnë`mnwT>o Amho ho bjmV ¿`m. AWm©V `m~m~rda _V^oX hmoD$
eH$VmV. nU XrK© H$mimn ªV Y§Xm H$amd`mMm Agob Va darb ~m~r `mo½` Amho Ago gdmªMo _V
hmoB©b.
![Page 72: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
72
3. (Place) - {R>H$mU / ñWi :- g|{Ð` eoVr_mb {dH«$s H$aÊ`mMo ñWi ehamV _w»` añË`mda, ghO OmÊ`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr, bmoH$m§Zm oUoOmUo
gmoB©Mo R>aUmao hdo. emoYyZhr nÎmm gmnS>V Zmhr Aem {R>H$mUr {H$Vrhr CËH¥$ð> _mb R>oD$Z à`ËZ Ho$bm Va
{dH«$s hmoUma Zmhr. Ë`m {R>H$mUr \$moZ, B©_ob BË`mXr Amdí`H$ AmhoV. H§$nÝ`m§Zr J«mhH$ emoYÊ`mgmR>r
IoS>monmS>çmV àdoe Ho$bm Amho. bhmZ bhmZ nm°dyM_Ü`o nmZQ>narda, T>mã`mda, {H$amUm XwH$mZmV _mb ZoD$Z
{dH$V AmhoV. Voìhm {dH«o$Ë`mZo H$moUË`m {R>H$mUr _mb {dH$mdm ho bjmV KoUo JaOoMo Amho.
4. (Promotion)- àMma :-
Vw_À`m _mbmbm à{gÜXr, Zgob Va bmoH$m§Zm H$go g_OUma H$s A_yH$ {R>H$mUr A_yH$ _mb Amho. _mbmMr
Om{hamV, ñWm{ZH$ dV©_mZnÌo, nmoñQ>g©, nm°åßboQ> Ûmao AmH$f©H$ nÜXVrZo ìhm`bm hdr. dV©_mZnÌ dmQ>Umar
_wbo, XwYdmbo, OodUmMo S>~o nwadUmao bmoH$ øm§À`m _m\©$V _m{hVr nÌHo$ J«mhH$m§Zm KanmoM XoVm `oVrb. lr.
JUoe åhmÌo, am. {XJ«g {O. `dV_mi `m§À`m H$S>o 80 EH$a Amdim Amho. nydu Vo {H$bmoZo Amdim {dH$V hmoVo.
Agm Ë`m§Zr Amdù`mnmgyZ _ZwH$m, H|$S>r, _wa§~m V`ma Ho$bm Amho. `dV_mi_Ü`o dV©_mZnÌ dmQ>Umè`m
_wbm§Zm H±$S>r / _ZwH$mMo g±nb, _m{hVrnÌH$mgh nonagmo~V {JèhmBªH$m§Zm KanmoM Úm`bm gm§{JVbo. KamoKar
_mb Jobm. Á`m§Zm AmdS>bm Ë`m§Zr g§nH©$ gmYbm. dV©_mZnÌ dmQ>Umè`m _wbm§Zm Am°S>©a {Xbr. _wbm§Zr 15 Q>¸o$
H${_eZ KodyZ lr. åhmÌ|Mm _mb OZVon`ªV {dH$Ê`mMo H$m_ Ho$bo.
lr. Ama.nr. H$X_, qb~Jmd, {O. Zm§XoS> ho H¥$îUm Á yg B§S>ñQ´>rO_YyZ _mog§~r {MHy$, H$moa\$S> Á yg, Oobr
BË`mXr CËnmXZ H$aVmV. øm§Zr Zm§XoS> ehamV nhmQ>o 5-6 dmOVm Om°JtJ d _m°Zt©J dm°H$ H$aUmè`m nwê$f d
_{hbm `m§Zm Amnë`m CËnmXZmMr _m{hVrnÌHo$ dmQ>br. Ë`m_Ü o no m§Mr Am¡fYr JwUY_© d Cn`wº$Vo~Ôb
_m{hVr N>mnbr hmoVr. nhmQ>o _m°{ZªJ dm°H$ d Om°qJJbm OmUmar _mUgo ~hþVoH$ hmQ>© ~r.nr. S>m`~o{Q>O noe§Q>
qH$dm bÇ> AgVmV. Ë`m§Zr _m{hVrnÌH$mdarb {Xboë`m \$moZdê$Z g§nH©$ gmYyZ CËnmXZm§Mr Am°S>©a {Xbr.
nhmQ>o [\$am`bm OmUmao ehadmgr` ~hþVoH$ Amamo½`m{df`r OmJéH$ AgVmVM Voìhm Ë`m§À`mn`ªV nmohmoMUo
\$º$ _hËdmMo Amho.
Amnë`m _mbmMm àMma g§ñWm_m\©$V, _§{XamV q^VrnÌH$mÛmao, _oimdo KodyZ OZOmJ¥Vr H$ê$Z H$aVm oVmo.
![Page 73: g|Ðr` eoVr nÜXVrofai.s3.amazonaws.com/Organic farming Training manual_Marathi.pdf · Definition of Organic Farming :- “Organic agriculture is a holistic production management](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050422/5f916435df32677449426451/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
73
5. (Packaging) - doï>UrH$aU :-
Amnbm g|{Ð` _mb Vya, S>mi, Vm§Xwi, Jhÿ BË`mXr nmoË`mV ^ê$Z R>odbo Va Vmo Hw$Ur {dH$V KoUmao Zmhr. Ë`m
_mbmMo 2-2 {H$bmoMo gw§Xa n°qH$J, bo~qbJ qH$_V {bhÿZ {dH«$sg R>odbo Va bmoH$ bJoM {dH$V KoVrb. J«mhH$
AmYr S>moù`m§Zo ImVmo. MdrZo Z§Va ImVmo. nmhVm jUr Ë`mZo AmH${f©V ìhmdo Ago n°qH$J, bo~btJ Agob
nmhrOo.g|{Ð` \$im§Mr {dH«$s H$aVmZm Ë`m§Mr `mo½` àVdmar H$ê$Z AmH$mamZwgma `mo½` _m§S>Ur H$amdr.
AmH$f©U doï>UmV, a§JrV H$mJXm_Ü`o Ë`m§Mo J«|S>rJ Zwgma àVdmar H$éZ doJio ~m°Šg Ho$bo Va J«mhH$mbm Vo
ñdÀN>, gw§Xa d Amamo½`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo hm`OoZrH$ dmQ>ob. _mbmda _mem Yyi ~gV AgVrb Va H$moU _mb
KoB©b. AmnU ñdV: J«mhH$ AmhmV Ago g_Om d _mbmMr n°H$s¨J d AmIUr H$am. gJim _mb VgmM {dH«$sg
Z R>odVm Ë`m§Mr àVdmar Ho$ë`mZo \$m`Xm hmoVmo.