Gps

LOCATION TRACKING (LT) & LOCATION TRACKING (LT) & GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS (GPS)GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS (GPS)

AGENDAAGENDA

Introduction to LT & GPS

Necessity of technology

Architecture and design

Functionality

Utilities and Applications

Drawbacks of GPS

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

GPS tracking means to trace something or someone with the Global Positioning SystemGlobal Positioning System.

The GPS consists of a set of 24 operational satellites and land-based control stations.

The system was designed for and is operated by the U. S. military, owned by the US Department

of Defense (DOD). Since 1994 the Global Positioning System has

been available for civilian use at no cost. By using GPS satellites, local land-based

networks and wireless radio signals LT will find you, wherever you are.

Why GPS?Why GPS?

NECESSITY OF TECHNOLOGYNECESSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Defense were facing challenges to increase security of the US.

During emergencies we require immediate tracking of important people.

Logistic companies need tracing of their fleet for reliable operations.

Personal valuables vehicles and goods when stolen or lost were not easier to locate.

Architecture and design Architecture and design

CONTROL USER

SPACE

GPS

Three major segments

SPACE SEGMENTSPACE SEGMENT

SPACE SEGMENTSPACE SEGMENT

The space segment consists of 27 Earth-orbiting satellites (24 in operation and three extras in case one fails).

Each in its own orbit 20,200 kilometers above the Earth.

Orbit the earth in 12 hours.

There are six orbital planes with nominally four satellites in each, equally spaced (60 degrees apart).

This constellation provides the user with between five to eight satellites visible (with respect to communication) from any point on the earth.

CONTROL SEGMENTCONTROL SEGMENT

CONTROL SEGMENTCONTROL SEGMENT

Master controlStation

Monitorstation

Monitorstation

Monitorstation

Monitorstation

HAWAII

KWAJALEIN

DIEGO GARCIA

ASCENSION ISLAND

COLORADO

CONTROL SEGMENTCONTROL SEGMENT The Control Segment consists of a system of tracking stations

located around the world.

One Master Control station and four monitor stations.

The Master Control unit, located at Schriever Air Force Base in Colorado, is responsible for overall management of the remote monitoring and transmission sites.

The 4 Monitor Stations are unmanned stations located around the world (Hawaii and Kawajalein in the Pacific Ocean; Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean; Ascension Island in the Atlantic Ocean. They track up to 11 satellites twice a day.

USER SEGMENTUSER SEGMENT

USER SEGMENTUSER SEGMENT

The user segment consists of GPS-receivers, located in cars, planes or even in GPS collars for wildlife.

They can be as small as a mobile phone.

Biosensor

Handheld

FUNCTIONALITYFUNCTIONALITY

GPS receiver has to know two things:

The location of at least three satellites above you.

The distance between you and each of those satellites

A GPS receiver's job is to locate three or more GPS satellites, figure out the distance to each, and use this information to deduce its own location.

This operation is based on a simple mathematical principle called trilateration.

EXPLANATION (Trilateration)EXPLANATION (Trilateration)

Satellite 1

100 km

Satellite 1 detect the receiver with in the radius of 100 km


Satellite 1

100 km


200 km

Satellite 2


Satellite 1

100 km


200 km

Satellite 2

50 km

Satellite 3


Satellite 1

100 km

The intersection point of these three circles will be the exact location of Target

200 km

Satellite 2

50 km

Satellite 3

UTILITES & APPLICATIONUTILITES & APPLICATION

Vehicle Fleet Tracking

GPS Single Vehicle Tracking

GPS Data Logging

Real Time Tracking

UTILITES & APPLICATIONUTILITES & APPLICATION

Vehicle Tracking Vehicle Tracking

Real Time Vehicle TrackingReal Time Vehicle Tracking

Military ApplicationMilitary Application

Military GPS user equipment has been integrated into fighters, bombers, tankers, helicopters, ships, submarines, tanks, jeeps, and soldiers' equipment.

In addition to basic navigation activities, military applications of GPS include target designation of cruise missiles and precision-guided weapons and close air support.

To prevent GPS interception by the enemy, the government controls GPS receiver exports

GPS satellites also can contain nuclear detonation detectors.

Civilian ApplicationCivilian Application

Automobiles are often equipped GPS receivers.

– They show moving maps and information about your position on the map, speed you are traveling, buildings, highways, exits etc.

– Some of the market leaders in this technology are Garmin and Tom Tom, not to mention the built in GPS navigational systems from automotive manufacturers.

Civilian ApplicationCivilian Application For aircraft, GPS provides

– Continuous, reliable, and accurate positioning information for all phases of flight on a global basis, freely available to all.

– Safe, flexible, and fuel-efficient routes for airspace service providers and airspace users.

– Potential decommissioning and reduction of expensive ground based navigation facilities, systems, and services.

– Increased safety for surface movement operations made possible by situational awareness.


Agriculture

– GPS provides precision soil sampling, data collection, and data analysis, enable localized variation of chemical applications and planting density to suit specific areas of the field.

– Ability to work through low visibility field conditions such as rain, dust, fog and darkness increases productivity.


Disaster Relief

– Deliver disaster relief to impacted areas faster, saving lives.

– Provide position information for mapping of disaster regions where little or no mapping information is available.

– Example, using the precise position information provided by GPS, scientists can study how strain builds up slowly over time in an attempt to characterize and possibly anticipate earthquakes in the future.

DRAWBACKS OF GPSDRAWBACKS OF GPS

System are very costly and required professional experience.

A stolen object can’t be traced out if Receiver is switched off or facing power failure.

Position of the receiver can’t be traced if kept under high EM insulation.

The drawbacks to GPS are that it requires a minimum of 4-5 satellites in order to give accurate locations.

The Hijacker is not guaranteed to catch.

Gps

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