GPS World - January 2013

A T R I M B L E C O M P A N Y

www.gpsworld.com January 2013 | GPS World 3

January 2013Vol. 24, Number 1gpsworld.com

» coVer storY

Spectrum Interference Standards

Out in Front 6Let the Chips FallBy Alan Cameron

exPert advice 8High-Level Perspective on PNT FrontiersBy James D. Litton

the SyStem 18Galileo IoV-3 broadcasts e1, e5, e6 signals; russian sbAs luch-5b in orbital slot; eGNos and Galileo in emergency call, road tolling; compass IcD rumored

the buSineSS 29locata lands Air Force contract; raytheon uK GPs Anti-Jam; Navman Wireless Professional Fleet tracking; u-blox medical Alert system; leica Viva Gs14; events; there’s an App for GPS World; and more

An Evolving SAASM Receiver Story 74Excerpt from Profession OEM Newsletter by Tony Murfin

OPiniOnS & dePartmentS

2013 Receiver Survey 35SPecial 24-PaGe inSert

the only authoritative industry resource for GPs chipset, module, and receiver manufacturing furnishes detailed design and performance specifications for more than 500 receivers from 55 companies.

INNOVATIONGetting at the Truth 67A Civilian GPS Position Authentication SystemIt’s not difficult to generate false position reports and mislead a monitoring center into believing a receiver is located elsewhere — unless an authentication procedure is used. A clever system uses the concept of supplicant and authenticator to assess the truthfulness of position reports.By Zhefeng Li and Demoz Gebre-Egziabher

Seeking a Win-Win Rebound from Lose-Losebased upon lessons learned from the lightsquared situation, the author identifies important considerations for GPs spectrum interference standards, recommended by the PNt eXcom for future commercial proposals in bands adjacent to the rNss band to avoid interference to GNss.By Christopher J. Hegarty Bow highrise in Calgary; photos courtesy Rocky Annett, MMM Group Ltd.

Sponsored by | receiver Survey 2013

www.gpsworld.com

January 2013 | GPS World 39

Cold start 3

Warm start 4Reacquisition 5

No. of portsPort type

Baud rate

Operating temperature (degrees Celsius)Power source Power consumption (Watts) Antenna type 6

Description or Comments

<45s<15s

<1s

4

2 RS-232, 1 Bluetooth, 1 TNC1,200-115,200

-20 to +65INT/EXT (9-18 V DC) 7 W

INT/EXT

Dual Frequency Geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver

<45s<15s

<1s

4

2 RS-232, 1 Bluetooth, 1 TNC1,200-115,200

-20 to +65INT/EXT (9-18 V DC) 7 W

INT/EXT

Triple Frequency Geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver

<45s<15s

<1s

4

2 RS-232, 1 Bluetooth, 1 TNC1,200-115,200

-20 to +65INT/EXT (9-18 V DC) 7 W

INT/EXT

Dual Frequency Geodetic and RTK GNSS & TERRASTAR

L-Band receiver

<45s<15s

<1s

8

3 RS-232, 1 Bluetooth, 1 USB, 1 Ethernet, 2 TNC

1,200-115,200-20 to +65

EXT (9-30 V DC) 11 W

EXTERNAL (1 or 2)Dual or Triple Frequency Geodetic and RTK, GNSS

Heading, & TERRASTAR L-band receiver

45s35s

3s

3

RS-232, RS-232, USB 2.01 RS232 up to 921.6 kbits/sec (RxD, TxD, CTS and RTS signals)

–40 to +85external

< 0.8W in GPS L1; < 0.95W in GPS L1/L2 or GPS+GLONASS L1

Ext. active patch/antenna.; 2 antenna connectors Compact Dual-Frequency RTK OEM Board.; 2 antenna

connectors for handheld integration.; BLADE Technology

inside.

45s35s

3s

4

RS-232, LV-TTL, LV-TTL, USB 2.0RS-232 up 921.6 kbits/sec; LV-TTL up to 5 Mbits/sec; USB 2.0 up to 12 Mbps

-40° to +185°Fexternal

1.9W (GPS only),; 2.4W (GPS+GLONASS)Ext. active antenna (L1, L2) GPS/GLONASS

GPS+GLONASS+SBAS Dual-Frequency OEM Board.;

Z-BLADE Technology inside.

nrnr

<3s

2

RS-230

300–115,200–30 to +70

external3

Patch, active (ER)

For aviation; designed to FAA/RTCA speci¿cations

45s35s

3s

6

3x RS-232, USB 2.0, Bluetooth, Ethernet RS-232 up 921.6 kbits/sec; USB 2.0 up to 12 Mbps; -22° to +149°F

external5W with one GNSS antenna Ext. active antenna (L1, L2) GPS/

GLONASSGPS+GLONASS+SBAS Dual-board RTK+Heading System.;


90s35s

3s

2

RS-232

300–115,200–20 to +55

external6

Patch with ground plane (ER)Precise heading, pitch, roll, and 3D position

90s35s

3s

3

RS-232

300–115,200–30 to +70

external1.2

Microstrip GPS/beaconUses SBAS signals for sub-meter differential positioning

90s35s

3s

3

RS-232

300–115,200–30 to +60

external1.3

Microstrip GPS/beaconSub-meter GPS+Beacon+SBAS receiver

45s35s

3s

3 - 4 2-3 RS-232, USB 2.0,

-22° to +140°Fexternal

2.4 W - 6.5 WGNSS, GLONASS, Galileo, SBAS GNSS-centric engine. GLONASS-only capable. Z-BLADE

Technology inside.

<8 min<50 s

2-5 s

4

RS-422

9600–38,400–25 to +60

ext/int5.5

patch (E)

For LEO satellites

<2min20 s

2–5 s

1,1RS-422, RS-232

9,600–38,400–40 to +85

ext3.75

patch (E)

Smart munitions

<2min20 s

2–5 s

1,1RS-422, RS-232

9,600–38,400–40 to +85

ext3.75

patch (E)

Inertial system integration

<2min20 s

<1s

1, 1RS-232, RS-422

300–19,200–40 to +71

ext/int6

patch (E)

Satellite launchers, missiles

<2min20 s

<5 s

1, 1RS-232, RS-422

300–38,400–40 to +71

ext/int4.5

patch (E)

A/C PODS

<2min5s

<1s

1,1RS-422, RS-232

9,600–115,200–40 to +71

ext14

4X patch (E)

Artilery GPS Àight computer

<2min20s

2–5 s

1,1RS-422, RS-232

115200

–40 to +85ext

4.5

patch (E)

10-MHz in, 2x1PPs out

<2min13 s

3 s

2

TTL

9,600–115,200–40 to +85

ext1

nr

GPS for artilery

<2min6 s

3 s

2

TTL

9,600–115,200–40 to +85

ext/int3

nr

GPS for artilery

<2min5s

<1s

1,1RS-422, RS-232

9,600–115,200–40 to +71

ext14

4X patch (E)

A/J GNSS for high dynamics

2ms2ms

2ms

na

na

na

na

nana

na

SW based GPS receiver

2ms2ms

2ms

2

Serial/Parallel

na

TBD

3.3TBD

na

RFIC module

30s30s

1s

3

I2C, SPI, UART

Up to 1/32 of reference clock –30 to +851.5-3.6 V

13mW

na

Single-chip, single-die baseband and RF tuner

30s30s

1s

3

UART, SDIO, SPI,I2C,PCM, I2SUART: 4M

-30 to +851.2V - 5.5V

10mW

na

Single chip, single die, GPS + GLONASS + Bluetooth +

FM (RX/TX)

30s30s

1s

2

UART, I2C

UART: 4M

-30 to +851.5-3.6 V

13mW

na

Single chip, single die, GPS + GLONASS baseband

and RF tuner

30s30s

1s

96

GPIO, HS UART (x4), SPI, I2C, SDIO/MMC (x3), PCM, I2S UART: 4M

-40 to +85 CCore: 1.2V, I/O: 3.3V, Audio 3V

300mW @ 700MHzna

Highly intergrated ARM11 Apps Processor + VFPU + GPS

Baseband + RF + LNA with support of DDR2

30s30s

1s

2

UART, I2C

UART: 4M

-30 to +851.5-3.6 V

13mW

na

Single chip, single die, GPS + GLONASS baseband

and RF tuner

33s33s

<1s

1

SPI

2 Mbps

–40 to +85Single 1.8v supply 20mW average

na

Single die GPS/AGPS baseband and RF front end

33s33s

<1s

1

SPI

2 Mbps


na

GPS/AGPS Module

33s33s

<1s

1

SPI

2 Mbps


na

Two dies solution. GPS/AGPS baseband and RF front end

+ electronic compass

33s33s

<1s

1

APB

2 Mbps

na

nana

na

GPS/AGPS baseband IP for integration with host-processor

system

33s33s

<1s

1

APB

8 Mbps

na

nana

na

GPS/AGPS baseband IP for integration with host-processor

system

nana

na

1

Serial

12-26 Msps–40 to +85

Single 1.8v supply 30mW maxna

Single die GPS RF front-end

<45s<20s

<1s

2

RS-232

19200-115200“-20 to +70°C”

int LiPo/ext 9-30V 5W

active, external

<35s<34s

<1s

2

UART, SPI, I2C

user selectable-40 to +85

Ext0.008

E

Single die tracker

<35s<34s

<1s

2

UART, SPI, I2C


Ext0.008

E

Single die engine

<35s<34s

<1s

na

na


Ext~ 0.7 to 0.9

E

SOC: Apps Processor + GPU + GPS

<35s<34s

<1s

na

na


Ext~ 0.7 to 0.9

E


<35s<34s

<1s

na

na


Ext~ 0.7 to 1.5

E

SOC: Apps Processor + GPU + video + GPS

<35s<34s

<1s

na

na


Ext~ 0.7 to 1.5

E

SOC: Apps Processor + GPU + video + GPS

<35s<34s

<1s

na

na

user selectable -20 to +70

Ext~ 0.55 to 0.9

E

SOC: Apps Processor + GPS

<35s<34s

<1s

na

na

user selectable -20 to +70

Ext~ 0.55 to 0.9

E

SOC: Apps Processor + GPS

<35s<34s

<1s

na

na


Ext~ 0.55 to 1.5

E


<33s<32s

<1s

2

UART, SPI, I2C


Ext0.008

E

Single die GNSS engine

<33s<32s

<1s

2

UART, SPI, I2C


Ext0.008

E

single die tracker

<40s36s

<1s

1, 1, 1, 1Serial, A/D, USB, Bluetooth

1,200–115,200 bps–30 to +70

int., ext., LiIonP. 2.2

L1/L2 (E)

GPS L1/L2 carrierphase and data collection. WR

<40s36s

<1s

2, 1, 1, 1Serial, A/D, USB, Bluetooth

1,200–115,200 bps–30 to +70

int., ext, ., LiIonP. 3.2

L1/L2 GNSS (E)

RTK,VRS, Precision post-procecssing, Precision GIS, GSM

modem opt. WR

<40s36s

<1s

1,1PC Card (PCMCIA), USB

1,200–115,200 bps-40 to +85

ext.1.5

L1/L2 GNSS (E)

RTK,VRS, Precision post-procecssing, Precision GIS, GSM

modem opt. WR

<40s36s

<1s

1,1USB, Bluetooth option

1,200–115,200 bps-40 to +85

int., ext, ., LiIonP. 1.5 to 2

L1/L2 GNSS InternalRTK,VRS, Precision post-procecssing, Precision GIS, GSM

modem opt. WR. Fully wireless operation capable.

<40s<36s

<1s

2

Serial

1,200–115,200 bps–40 to +85

ext.1.5

L1/L2 GNSS (E)

Based on easy-to-upgrade/modify FPGA design

<40s<36 s

<1s

2

Serial

1,200–115,200 bps–40 to +85

ext.1.5

L1/L2 GNSS (E)

as above

<<34s<33s

<1s

1

1 BT

57600

–20 to +50internal battery

Active, 27 db

5 min2 min

< 1 min

2

1 Ethernet, 1 RS-232

10/100 Base-T, 192000 to +50

External< 10W

L1 (ER)

GPS Time & Frequency

5 min2 min

< 1 min

2


10/100 Base-T, 192000 to +50

External< 7W

L1 (ER)

GPS Time & Frequency

5 min2 min

< 1 min

2


10/100 Base-T, 192000 to +50

External< 7W

L1 (ER)

NTP and PTP/IEEE-1588

5 min2 min

< 1 min

2


10/100 Base-T, 192000 to +50

External< 7W

L1 (ER)

NTP and PTP/IEEE-1588

ext

external, active

<40s<38s

<3s

4

RS-232, CMOS

-40 to +85ext

<1W

external, active

SAASM

p

Baud rate

aturegrees Celsius)Power consump(Watts)

<45s<15s

<1s

4

2 RS-232, 1 Bluetooth, 1 TNC1,200-115,200

-20 to +65INT/EXT (9-18V DC) 7 W

<45s<15s

<1s

4

2 RS-232, 1 Bluetooth, 1 TNC1,200-115,200

-20 to +65INT/EXT (9-18V DC) 7 W

<45s<15s

<1s

4

2 RS-232 1 Bluetooth 1 TNC1 200-115 200

-20 to +65INT/EXT (9-18 7 W

9-30 V DC) 11 W

al< 0.8W in GPS L1; <0.95W in GPS L1/L2 orGPS+GLONASS L1

al1.9W (GPS only),; 2.4W(GPS+GLONASS)

E

G

al3

Patal

5W with one GNSSantenna Ext. aGLON

al6

Patch w

al1.2

Microstr

al1.3

Microstrial2.4 W - 6.5 W

GNSS, G

5.5

patch (E)3.75

patch (E)3.75

patch (E)6

patch (E)4.5

patch (E)14

4X patch (E4.5

patch (E)1

nr3

nr14

4X patch (E)na

naTBD

na

6 V13mW

na5.5V10mW

na6 V13mW

na1.2V, I/O:Audio 3V

300mW @ 700MHzna6 V

13mW

na1.8v supply 20mW averagena1.8v supply 20mW average

na1.8v supply 20mW averagena

na

nana

na1.8v supply 30mW maxna

o/ext 9-30V 5W

active, ex0.008

E0.008

E~ 0.7 to 0.9E~ 0.7 to 0.9

E~ 0.7 to 1.5E

~ 0.7 to 1.5E

~ 0.55 to 0.9E~ 0.55 to 0.9E~ 0.55 to 1.5E

0.008

E0.008

Ext., LiIonP. 2.2

L1/L2 (E)xt, ., LiIonP. 3.2

L1/L2 GNSS (E

1.5

L1/L2 GNSS (E)xt, ., LiIonP. 1.5 to 2

L1/L2 GNSS Int

1.5

L1/L2 GNSS (E

1.5

L1/L2 GNSSal battery

Active, 27 dbal

< 10W

L1 (ER)al< 7W

L1 (ER)al< 7W

L1 (ER)al< 7W

L1 (ER)external, act<1W

external, acti

Now in its 21st year, the annual GPS World Receiver Survey provides

the longest running, most comprehensive database of GPS and

GNSS equipment available in one place.With information provided by 55 manufacturers on more

than 502 receivers, the survey assembles data on the most

important equipment features. Manufacturers are listed

alphabetically. Footnotes and Abbreviations below supply

additional information to guide you through the survey.

We have made every effort to present an accurate listing

of receiver information, but GPS World cannot be held

responsible for the accuracy of information supplied by the

companies or the performance of any equipment listed. In

some cases, data had to be abbreviated or truncated to fit

the space available. Contact the manufacturers directly with

questions about specific units. To be listed in the 2014 Receiver

Survey, e-mail [email protected].

abbreviations apps: applications

ARINC: Aeronautical Radio, Inc.

standard async: asynchronous

bps: bits per second

CP: carrier phase

CEP: circular error probable

diff: differential

ext.: external / int. = internal

m, min: minutes na or NA: not applicable

nr: no response

opt.: optional par.: parallel prog.: programmable

ppm: parts per million

RMS: root mean square

s: seconds SBAS: Satellite-Based

Augmentation System

typ.: typical

VRS: Virtual reference station

WP: waterproof

WR: water resistant

notes1 User environment and applications: 2 Where three values appear, they

refer to autonomous (code), real-time

differential (code), and post-processed

differential; where four values appear,

they refer to autonomous (code),

real-time differential (code), real-

time kinematic, and post-processed

differential.3 Cold start: ephemeris, almanac, and

initial position and time not known.4 For a warm start, the receiver has

a recent almanac, current time,

and initial position, but no current

ephemeris5 Reacquisition time is based on the

loss of signal for at least one minute.6 E = provision for an external antenna

R = antenna is removable

A = aviation C = recreational D = defense G = survey/GIS H = handheld L = land M = marine

Met = meteorology N = navigation O = other P = other position reporting

R = real-time DGPS ref.

S = space T = timing V = vehicle/vessel tracking

1 = end-user product

2 = board/chipset/module for

OEM apps

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II GPS World I January 2013

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GPS World | January 2013 www.gpsworld.com6

out in front

editorial

Editor-in-Chief and Publisher Alan Cameron | [email protected] Managing Editor Tracy Cozzens | [email protected] Art Director Charles Park | [email protected]

EDITORIAL OFFICES 1360 East 9th St, Suite 1070 IMG Center Cleveland, OH 44114, USA 847-763-4942 | Fax 847-763-9694 www.gpsworld.com | [email protected]

ContributinG editorS

Innovation Richard Langley | [email protected] Defense PNT Don Jewell | [email protected] LBS Insider Kevin Dennehy | [email protected] Professional OEM Tony Murfin | [email protected] Survey/GIS Eric Gakstatter | [email protected] Aviation Bill Thompson | [email protected] Wireless Pulse Janice Partyka | [email protected]

advertiSinG

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ManuSCriPtS: GPS World welcomes unsolicited articles but cannot be held responsible for their safekeeping or return. Send to: 1360 East 9th St, Suite 1070, IMG Center, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA. Every precaution is taken to ensure accuracy, but publishers cannot accept responsibility for the accuracy of information supplied herein or for any opinion expressed. rePrintS: Reprints of all articles are available (500 minimum). Contact 877-652-5295, Nick Iademarco. Wright’s Media, 2407 Timberloch Place, The Woodlands, TX 77380. SubSCriber ServiCeS: To subscribe, change your address, and all other services, e-mail [email protected] or call 847-763-4942. PerMiSSionS: Contact 877-652-5295, Nick Iademarco. Wright’s Media, 2407 Timberloch Place, The Woodlands, TX 77380. international liCenSinG: Contact e-mail [email protected]. aCCountinG offiCe and offiCe of PubliCation: 1360 East 9th St, Suite 1070, IMG Center, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA.

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www.gpsworld.com

Published monthly

We either continue to totter at

the brink of a global financial

precipice, or we sit crumpled

on the canyon floor far below, peering

skyward, wondering what might have

been, and resolving to pick up what

pieces we can and carry on.

It is impossible to tell as this

magazine goes to press in December

just where we may find ourselves, and

in what shape, come the early days of

January 2013. Those elected parties

with responsibility for the state of our

fiscal affairs, who in the best of all

possible worlds would possess some

sort of vision for the future, continue

to posture, prevaricate, pander, and

generally excuse themselves from

worrying about what may happen to the

rest of us. After all, they will still be in

office and drawing good salaries come

the New Year, come what may.

The GNSS industry has pulled

through the last half-decade of

worldwide recession as well as most,

better than many. There have been

some casualties along the way, and

almost universal belt-tightening.

But we keep moving onward and

upward, blessed with a technology

that continues to find new and profit-

bearing applications, and encouraged

by researchers further out in front of us,

who discover and develop yet newer

possibilities at an astonishing rate.

Now we face new uncertainty. The

domino-paths of the global economy

wend this way and that, curving,

intertwining, doubling back, snaking

everywhere. A toppled piece here can

lead to a cascaded pile-up way over

on the other side of the board, and vice

versa.

It all comes down to end-user ability

to buy, to upgrade, to invest in the

future — as opposed to holding tight

to whatever can be preserved in the

present.

If characterizing GNSS end-users

could be done by naming off surveyors,

farmers, fishermen, and other outdoor

enthusiasts, then determining the

economic outlook for this industry

would be easier to do, though the

picture might not necessarily be any

more optimistic. But the GNSS end-

user community has swelled almost

immeasurably to include the automotive

industry, the telecommunications

industry (in both its infrastructure and

its own end-user equipment), utilities,

airlines and the aircraft industry,

militaries around the world, and even

governments themselves — municipal,

state, and national. Every one of these

entities has a budget and acutely feels

the chills — and in more delayed

fashion, the warmings — of national

and global economies.

Should the United States Congress,

in full possession of all its political

wisdom, drive the country over the

fiscal precipice, reverberations of

the crash in the chasm below will

propagate far and wide — and into the

very marrow of our bones.

We have overcome before. With

science and technology as our co-pilots

(or are they our engines?), we shall

overcome again. We may and should

speak out, attempting to influence the

political process, but we cannot control

its outcomes.

We can do our own jobs, and we

will. Accept change, keep calm, carry

on.

Let the Chips Fall

The GNSS industry has pulled through the last half-decade of worldwide recession as well as most, better than many. Now we face new uncertainty.

When you’re working in remote locations, the last thing

you want to worry about is infrastructure. You need reliable

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land navigation, positioning, and guidance solutions.

TERRASTAR™ uses both GPS and Glonass satellites, and

its own worldwide network of reference stations to assure

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Why Septentrio?

Because we are reliable experts.

Because we are ahead.

“Septentrio has implemented TERRASTAR™ Global DGNSS services in its high quality GNSS

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in the most remote areas, without the need for

ground infrastructure.”Giles Mack,

Business Director TERRASTAR™

Visit us at www.septentrio.com


expert advice

The sixth annual Stanford PNT Symposium in

November brought together a select group of

experts to share insights from the latest research,

developments, and proposals, GNSS and non-GNSS, that

show promise for the international community. Among

other noteworthy presentations, we heard Brad Parkinson’s

suggested incremental system changes to significantly

improve signal availability and accuracy, a comprehensive

update on China’s Compass system, and the latest in

spoofing and proposed proofs of location.

GNSS in General The budget realities of U.S. GNSS development, and

the need to maintain the systems at the high levels

of performance upon which so many critical and

commercially beneficial applications now depend, were

analyzed by two men with industry-household names, Brad

Parkinson and Gaylord Green.

Nibbles. Professor Parkinson gave a very sophisticated,

nuanced presentation entitled “Nibbles,” in which he

outlined feasible and productive technical steps to ensure

the preservation of what he described as “the three As:”

availability, affordability, and accuracy. Rather than do

radical surgery on accuracy or availability in order to

preserve affordability, he identified so-called nibbles at

requirements, incremental improvements enabled by use of

current technology advances, for example, vector (Spilker)

receivers, power-conversion efficiency improvements,

antenna gain and steering modifications, weight reduction

for multiple launch capability, and use of sensor fusion for

more robust receivers with greater jam resistance.

It was a high-level but quantitative system design

approach aimed at improving affordability and interference

resistance while maintaining and improving availability and

accuracy. He made the salient point that affordability with

a given level of performance is enhanced by availability,

that is, maintaining 30+ satellites on orbit brings multiple

benefits that improve affordability. The estimates of gain

from the nibbles struck me as conservative, at least for

those with which I had some quantitative feel.

Alternative Architectures. Col. Gaylord Green addressed the

same subject with a different approach, in a presentation

entitled “GPS Alternative Architectures.” His motivation

for alternative architectures was to provide the needed

PNT capability at an affordable cost. He pointed out that

GPS satellites have increased in dry weight from 334 to

2,100 pounds, and that the cost of the IIA, IIF, and III

satellites have gone from $100 million on orbit to $400

million on orbit. Colonel Green indicated that starting a

new development with the same signals cost more than

continuing with GPSIII. (The Congressional Budget Office

has recommended consideration of using IIF satellites to

maintain the constellation and bypassing GPS III.)

The reduced capability satellites are called NavSats.

He suggested that a mixed constellation of NavSats (with

minimal ancillary payloads and frequencies) such as 15

GPSIII and 15 NavSats would enable a constellation of 30

satellites; the minimum necessary to assure sky-challenged

users of satisfactory coverage. He recommended that

design of satellite power conversion to be set by start-of-

life, not end-of-life goals. Colonel Green identified the

signal priorities in terms of their functions (L-5, L-2, L1C,

and four military signals requiring crypto). Like Parkinson,

he identified technology changes in antennas and signal

architecture to reduce costs, necessitating a demonstration

program. He also indicated that advantage could be taken

of other GNSS constellations for civil signal purposes,

alleviating the demands on GPS satellites. Colonel Green

identified satellite constellation arrangements which would

be more cost effective (multiple launch) and provide

adequate coverage. He pointed out that such a NavSat

program would require a new start and would necessarily

constrain GPS modernization funding. In short, such a

“GPS Alternative Architecture approach” would combine

High-Level Perspective on PNT FrontiersNew Technology, New Applications, New Science from the Stanford SymposiumJames D. Litton

Affordability with a given level of performance is enhanced by availability: maintaining 30+ satellites on orbit brings multiple benefits that improve affordability.

www.trimble.com


expert advice

continuation of GPS III as planned with the addition of

simpler, lighter satellites with reduced diversity of signals

to replace the aging GPS satellites now on orbit beyond

their design life.

Compass. Professor Jingnan Liu of the GNSS Research

Center of Wuhan University gave what most observers

thought was the first comprehensive and data-intensive

description of Precise Positioning results with the

COMPASS (Beidou) system. He showed that the Beidou

regional system, from which he presented copious data, can

currently provide standard positioning service with <10M

horizontal and <20M vertical accuracies at 95% confidence

level. He also showed that results with Beidou plus GPS

are 10-20% better than GPS alone. He provided results

for surveying, for ground-based augmentation, for RTK,

PPP, clock stability, orbital statistics, wide area differential

and many other metrics of PNT. Professor Parkinson

noted, in appreciating the presentation, that it was the first

detailed release of so much technical data on COMPASS

performance. The results noted above were obtained with

4GEO+5 IGSO+2MEO satellites. The constellation is

expected to grow to 5GEO+5IGSO+4MEOs by the end

of 2012 and to 5GEOs+3IGSOs+27 MEOs by 2020 for

a global service. The amount of data and the diversity

(application and instrumentation) of the data were truly

impressive.

GPS Modernization. Dr. Keoki Jackson of Lockheed Martin

presented a comprehensive review of GPS Modernization

with charts which described the evolution of GPS from

Block I to Block III. He depicted the program as on

schedule for delivery of the first GPS III vehicle in May,

2014, with a 2015 launch. Most of this material was the

same as reported from the AFCEA GC-12 program in GPS

World earlier this year. A matrix comparing the attributes of

GPS III with GPSII and beneficial outcomes from “Back-

to-Basics Investments” were key takeaways.

Ground Control. Ray Kolibaba of Raytheon presented

a detailed overview of the OCX program, the next

generation Operational Control System. This presentation

also emphasized improvements in program management,

simplification of development practices, extensive use of

commercial development methods and predicted on-time

delivery with all of the attributes needed for both GPS III

and the existing constellation.

Military User Equipment. Col Bernie Gruber, Director of

the GPS Directorate, gave an update on current activities

with emphasis on progress in Military User Equipment

(MGUE) development. This material was somewhat further

advanced in schedule than the equivalent May 2012 time

frame in which the same subject was presented in much

detail at the AFCEA GC-12 meeting at the Directorate.

The currently ‘hot’ topics of jamming and spoofing threats,

countermeasures and affordability were prominent in the

presentation. Some of the key achievements for 2012 listed

were the release of BAAs (Broad Agency Announcements)

for NavSat studies and the completion of a Congressional

Report on ‘Cost Effective GPS). Launch of GPS IIF-3 and

delivery of GPS IIF-4, 5,6 & 7 were also noted. Security

Certification for MUE cards was a very noteworthy

achievement, which will make future MGUE development

and utilization much easier for the challenging jamming

and spoofing environment which is expected. The themes

of affordability and jamming and spoofing threats were

dominant in this review, as well.

General PNTNorvald Kjerstad is a professor of Nautical Science at

Aalesund University College and a long-time professional

navigator in academic, geophysical, and shipping

communities. His paper vividly depicted the risks brought

about by climate change, by increased commercial interest

in shipping and mineral resource exploration in the Arctic

region, and by the very limited navigation infrastructure

and limited communications assets.

Arctic Navigation. Both DGPS and SBAS systems are

quite limited in the arctic, magnetic compass systems are

Stanford University professors Brad Parkinson, Jim Spilker, Per Enge, Leo Hollberg, Mark Kasevich, Sherman Lo, and Tom Langenstein, among others, conduct an annual PNT Symposium, organized by Tom Langenstein. The presentations given by the invited speakers are generally very good indeed and are selected to communicate new technology, new applications, and new science. The subjects range from breakthroughs in scientific understanding of phenomena revealed by (or for) GNSS (and other sensor systems) to strategic political and economic issues in GNSS — internationally and nationally — in defense and civil sectors, in universities, on farms, and in oil fields. The by-invitation-only audience consists of people whose expertise approximates that of the speakers in their own corners of the field.

This article summarizes the principal messages, not in order of presentation nor in detail, but grouped by general subject matter. Those presentations given short paragraphs here are more generally available and have been presented in other, larger-scale venues. No inference should be drawn about merit; all were very worthwhile and I learned much from each.

— JDL

Stanford PNT Symposium


expert advice

less accurateat the very high latitudes

( and their errors propagate into

navigation radar, collision avoidance

and other systems). Auroral effects

limit the availability of GNSS at times

(Glonass improves GPS because of

the higher orbital inclinations) and

hydrographic charts of the arctic

are frequently quite wrong, due to

changes in water depth and to limited

surveying frequency. Increased

tourism, shipping and resource

interest intensify the consequences of

the increased risk to seafarers.

The advent of Galileo and

Compass, integrated with GPS-

Glonass will greatly improve the

reliability of GNSS signals. However,

navigation through the ice, at places

thin and navigable and at random

places deep and massive (ice ridges)

is much more than knowing where

one is with respect to the center of

the earth. Radar helps with detection

and avoidance of ice ridges but the

sinking and grounding of icebreakers

and commercial vessels demonstrate

that much better knowledge of the

environment is needed to avoid

future disasters. The thousand-

kilometer shorter route over the

Pole can be very expensive and

not necessarily the fastest one.

However the increased activity in

the Arctic is going to continue, and

it is mandatory that safety factors

be given greater attention by the

International Maritime Organization

(satellite compasses are reliable where

magnetic ones are not, but the IMO

has not approved them) and by the

hydrographic services of the affected

areas.

From Farm to Front Office. Jim

Geringer, former governor of

Wyoming, now a director of ESRI and

a member of the GPS Excom gave, as

usual, a very entertaining presentation

(“GPS/GNSS From the Farm to the

Front Office”) with highly interesting

examples of the very broad and deep

impact of GNSS on society, including

financial statistics and object lessons

in the misuse or inaccurate use of

geospatial data. Geringer was an

engineer before he went into politics

and that came through clearly in

the presentations, even though he

was very self-effacing concerning

his technical credentials. He gave

amusing examples, not all from

Apple, of the effects of combining

current and historical geospatial data,

such as airport runways shown in

topography layers obtained before

leveling the airport areas, and a road

running across the valley filled by

Hoover Dam.

Geringer critiqued an attitude

on the part of GNSS professionals

in which their attention is more

devoted to the how of obtaining the

information than to the effects that

future changes might have on the

users. He discussed policy challenges

presented by the FCC mandate to find

500MHz of spectrum for high speed

wireless data, by affordability, by the

potential for jamming and spoofing.

It was good to be reminded of the

awesome realized economic benefits

of GNSS, the manifold applications

which GNSS systems enable and the

ease with which this potential can be

limited or actually damaged by pursuit

of other worthwhile objectives which

are politically favored or which bring

short term revenue into the treasury

at the expense of GNSS system

requirements in bandwidth. The less

obvious but equally or more beneficial

economic benefits of high accuracy

GNSS and the impact of actual lives

lost or resources untappedwere

illustratedand quantified in Geringer’s

broad presentation. One hopes that

this presentation will be or has been

seen at High GSA and policy levels in

the FCC and NTIA.

Geringer’s presentation provides a

nice segue into a presentation by:

LightSquared Lessons Learned. Rich Lee of Greenwood

Telecommunications Consultants,

LLC and iPosi. Entitled Lessons

Learned from the GPS-LightSquared

Proceeding, it was an assessment

of the opportunities missed and

damage done in the drive to enable

the use of spectrum adjacent to GNSS

frequencies for 4G LTE wholesale

services through high power Auxiliary

Terrestrial Components (ATCs)

using MSS spectrum reallocated (or

repurposed) to the purpose under a

conditional waiver by the Chairman

of the FCC, Julius Genachowski, on a

recommendation by the International

Bureau of the FCC. According to

Lee, Greenwood was called in to

solve, “if solutions exist” the problem

of the ‘spectrum collision’ between

the LSQ design and GPS, after the

collision occurred. He likened the

role of Greenwood to that of a tow

truck operator called in to clear up a

collision after the impacts. Lee served

on the TWG (Temporary Working

Group) as head of the cellular

subgroup and headed the NTIA/

Excom cellular tests. The presentation

was very good, technically, in both its

detailed and more strategic aspects

but both the history described and

Geringer critiqued an attitude on the part of GNSS professionals in which their attention is more devoted to the how of obtaining the information than to the effects that future changes might have on the users.

Highway patrols monitor highways and catch those who violate speed limits. There is no serious monitoring of GNSS bands. GNSS bands are routinely intentionally or un-intentionally violated. This webinar focuses on GNSS interference awareness and how to defend, monitor, and report such interferences.”

“

» JaNuary WebiNar

All About GNSS InterferencesHow to Defend, Monitor, and Report

Speaker: Javad ashjaeePresident and CEO, JAVAD GNSS

Thursday, January 3110 a.m. Pacific time / 1 p.m. U.S. Eastern time / 6 p.m. Greenwich Mean Time

register today — Free! at www.gpsworld.com/webinar

market insightswebinar

presents

Interference-free example

Moderately interfered example (5 dB)

Heavily interfered example (18 dB)


expert advice

the lessons learned (see below) were,

understandably, from the perspective

of a party which was unable, in this

particular instance, to achieve the

goals desired by their sponsors.

This failure was for reasons of basic

spectrum policy conflicts between

GNSS applications and those mooted

to become transcendent- mobile high

speed data for consumer and industrial

applications.

Lee depicted the lack of a

requirement in history for regulation

of receiver standards, as opposed to

transmitter standards, to the inability to

anticipate the crowded spectrum (for

example, his statement that spectrum

was regarded as “free” and minimizing

interference was the key objective, a

burden placed on the transmitters).

Now that spectrum is seen as

scarce and underutilized in many

U.S. government applications and

inadequately conserved in many civil

applications, the concept of receiver

standards for avoiding interference and

the use of advanced filterand antenna

technology in receivers as well as in

transmitterswould enable easier, less

confrontational and more lucrative use

of this 21st century El Dorado.

Parenthetically, Pierre de Vries

(University of Colorado, and a member

of the FCC’s Technical Advisory

Committee) and others recently

testified to a House of Representatives

panel, recommending that harm

claim thresholds be established

with which to manage the trade-offs

between intrinsic receiver protection

requirements and transmitter power

distribution, so that instead of just

adding the specification requirement to

receivers, a flexible system approach

be adopted. They noted that it was

very difficult to anticipate the receiver

design needs for all applications. The

failure to understand the requirements

of precision GNSS receivers and the

simplistic concept of fences was a

large driver in the collision between

LightSquared and GNSS.

Lee’s lessons learned summary is:

◾ Upper 10: candidate for ground

augmentation? The upper 10 MHz

(1545-1555 MHz) of spectrum was

originally allocated to LightSquared

through its acquisition of TerraSat.

During the 2012 conflict months,

LightSquared publicly abandoned

operating in the Upper 10.

◾ Question: sound alternatives for this

band? (Including as a good GNSS

guard band)

◾ Consider: sub-microwatt uses for

short range augmentation, such

as Department of Transportation

Intelligent Transport Systems

(ITS)-TWG findings. Given very

low effective isotropically radiated

power (EIRP), ample compatibility

with precision GPS nearby.

◾ Precision GPS: –82 dBm worst case

Upper 10 susceptibility (–1 dB C/

NO)

◾ 1 uW EIRP transmitter is about 13

dB below at 1 meter

◾ Seems suitable for high availability

in urban areas; provides urban in-fill,

redundancy such as ITS

◾ At 100-mETER range: Signals

~-135 dBm incident power at an ITS

receiver antenna

◾ Band continues as a space-to-earth

downlink, shared with geostationary

Earth orbit-mobile satellite services,

including carriage of GPS/GNSS

corrections (OmniSTAR, StarFire)

Lee contested the FCC chairman’s

assertion that the LightSquared-GPS

matter was an anomaly, saying instead

that it was “foreseeable.”

However, foreseeable anomalies

such as singularities exist in predictions

of scientists. I believe that this anomaly

was clearly foreseeable, but a hedge-

fund mentality, financial engineering,

and a long-held attitude toward GPS

in the FCC were the drivers of these

benighted decisions.

The gold rush is still on for finding

underutilized spectrum. Some systems,

including GNSS, utilize bandwidth

that needs protection for purposes

other than the usual communications

requirements. It is vital to honor the

homesteads of GNSS and protect the

noise floors. Receiver standards must

be considered very carefully because

communications receivers and high

precision GNSS receivers are very

different systems.

Scientific SubjectsSome presentations grouped under this

topic are available in ION publications

from GNSS 2012.

Atom Interferometry. Mark Kasevich

of Stanford presented his paper

on precision navigation sensors

based upon atom interferometry.

While application of these sensors

in general awaits many highly

difficult engineering advancements,

the outcome would be a great boon

to navigation, were the outcome

comparable to the evolution of chip-

scale atomic clocks.

Now that spectrum is seen as scarce and underutilized in many U.S. government applications and inadequately conserved in many civil applications, the concept of receiver standards for avoiding interference and the use of advanced filterand antenna technology in receivers as well as in transmitterswould enable easier, less confrontational and more lucrative use of this 21st century El Dorado.

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Munich, February 26 — 28, 2013

www.munich-satellite-navigation-summit.orginfo@munich-satellite-navigation-summit.org


expert advice

Andrei Shkel reprised his paper

entitled “Precision Navigation,

Timing, and Targeting enabled by

Microtechnology: Are we there yet?”

Gravity. Tom Murphy of the

University of California, San Diego,

gave a fascinating paper of fundamental

importance to understanding gravity

by laser ranging to retroreflectors left

on the moon by various Apollo and

Russian missions. A highly contrived

initialism for the project is APOLLO,

for Apache Point Laser Observatory

Lunar Laser-Ranging Operation. The

work is a product of a seven-university/

research center consortium.

The system of APOLLO for

measuring the range of the moon

relative to the earth at Apache Point is

a marvel of experimental ingenuity and

advanced instrumentation in collecting

the few photons that get back from

the laser shots at the moon. Laser light

is caught by the retroreflectors and

returned to the telescope at Apache

Point. A very sensitive gravimeter

system at the observatory enables

compensation for the Earth’s crustal

motions, and orbital deviations are

compensated. Precisions of a few

millimeters in range to these devices

on the moon are achieved, almost

good enough to be useful in testing

the “Strong” Equivalence Principle of

General Relativity.

From an engineering point of view,

the timing, motion compensation,

detection sensitivity (a few photons

per shot), and several other features

of the system are truly impressive,

and the potential for improving our

understanding of general relativity,

so-called dark matter or energy, and

more, are exciting aspects of this work.

To have much better precision through

placing laser transceivers on the moon

to increase the number of reflected/

transponder photons in the samples

would appear to be quite valuable

and relatively simple NASA missions

for future work, even though the data

may eventually be sufficient to enable

theoretical advancements without such

added signal-to-noise benefit. This

paper was an example of excellent

engineering in the service of important

science.

Vulnerabilities and Limitations Charles Schue of UrsaNav gave a very

detailed and comprehensive paper on

wide-area timing, navigation, and data

using low-frequency technology. He

provided data for timing, location, and

data transmission over distances greater

than 125 nautical Mmiles.

eLoran. He made the point and

showed examples to demonstrate that

the technology for these systems exists

today, is highly affordable, and can

represent a major strengthening of the

nation’s critical infrastructure. The

systems and hardware he presented

are very attractive and seemingly very

mature.

Schue was preaching to the choir,

as far as I can tell; there is, in the PNT

community, no controversy about the

need for eLoran. Further, there is a

sense of disappointment and wonder

that so little money was saved at the

expense of great risk to our critical

PNT infrastructure, particularly in view

of the vulnerability to jamming and

spoofing of GPS and the other GNSS

systems for civil use; a vulnerability

analysis which informed the balance

(two) of the papers in this summary

report.

Spoofing. Dennis Akos presented

data on spoofing tests conducted at

Lulea, Sweden, near a low-density

commercial airport with limited

road traffic and a restricted Swedish

Air Force weapons test area, and in

Kaohsiung, Taiwan, near a very busy

airport with dense roadway traffic.

The incidence of radio-frequency

interference (RFI) in the latter case was

great and in the former case negligible,

until the team introduced their jamming

and spoofing equipment.In both

cases, a simple automatic gain control

(AGC) monitoring design, which was

computationally efficient, was able to

detect and measure the RFI from the

jammer-spoofer.

Using all commercial off-the-shelf

(COTS) hardware, the jammer was

identified and located with time-of-

arrival and power-difference-of-arrival.

The researchers showed that using a

controlled reception pattern antenna

(CRPA) like the Stanford four-element

CRPA and all-COTS equipment,

jammers could be indentified and

located efficiently through AGC

processing. A large amount of detailed

data were presented with screen shots

and plots of the effects of the jamming

on the receivers.

Proof of Location. Logan Scott of LS

Consulting gave a paper on proof of

location. He projected the need for

location proof in several applications,

ranging from system control and data

acquisition intrusions that would affect

industrial control systems to bogus

Mayday calls, the response to which

is very expensive, and he provided

many examples of data security

applications. He also provided several

schemes, ranging from cryptographic

GPS RF signal structures to the use of

overlapping systems, like Galileo and

GPS, to enable verification of location.

Scott identified the massive security

threat represented by millions of smart

phone and tablet users who can store

millions of bytes of information, such

as maps of sensitive locations. An

authorized user of such a map, GNSS-

Scott identified the massive security threat represented by millions of smart phone and tablet users who can store millions of bytes of information, such as maps of sensitive locations.


expert advice

enabled, on a tablet or smart phone,

should be able to access the restricted

information if the user is in the right

location. However, a user, authorized

or not, outside of the restricted area

would find that area of the map blank if

he tries to access it externally, a kind of

location need-to-know control.

Scott anticipates the use of

temporary keys for weapons usage;

such keys would require that the user

be in a location authorized for such use.

He provides block diagram descriptions

of systems that would be feasible

to achieve these location proofs for

high-value and dangerous operations.

These block-diagram level descriptions

are accompanied by quantitative

assessments of the difficulties and

benefits of such system modifications.

It was a compelling tour de force

on the subject. We do not have time or

space to cover it well but the material

has gradually been built up from earlier

available publications by Scott at ION

conferences and in GNSS journals

and magazines. Both the need for such

systems and the means by which they

may be practically achieved are well

worth studying by those responsible for

policy and programmatic decisions, and

by technologists seeking new product

ideas and applications.

And MoreA few interesting presentations do

not fit into the above categories.

Stan Honey, founder of the company

Sportvision (the creator of the first-

down yellow-line overlay in televised

American football, and many other

broadcast enhancements for sporting

events) and considered sailing’s

master navigator, gave a wonderful

dinner talk about the PNT technology

being utilized in the America’s Cup

TV graphics, umpiring, and race

management. Honey reflected upon

how competitive sailing, unlike other

professional sports, has fully adopted

the use of advanced PNT technology in

how the sport is umpired and managed.

Jason Wither of Microsoft presented

a paper on spatialized data for mixed

reality, which was very informative in

how various types and layers of data

are combined to create mixed-reality

systems.

Ron Fugelseth of Oxygen

productions showed his very

entertaining video entitled “A Toy

Train in Space.” The video was posted

on YouTube a few months ago and

immediately went viral. It is a fine

example of the use of GPS technology.

James D. Litton heads the Litton Consulting Group and previously played key executive roles at NavCom Technology and Magnavox.

Catamaran Resort Hotel • San Diego, California

www.ion.org/itm

THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION

2013 International Technical Meeting

January 28-30, 2013 Plenary Session

Exploring the Frontiers of Navigation Unique & Exciting New Uses of Navigation Technologies

Partial list of session topics:

• Alternative Sensors and

Emerging Navigation

Technologies

• Augmentation Systems

(SBAS, GBAS, etc.)

• Autonomous Navigation

• Aviation Applications

• Emerging GNSS and

Modernization

• GNSS Processing and

Integration

• Interference and

Spectrum Management

• Marine Applications

• MEMS, Atomic Clock and

Micro PNT

• Receivers and Antenna

Technology

• Space Applications and

Remote Sensing

• Space and Atmospheric

Weather

• Terrestrial Applications

• QZSS

• Urban and Indoor

Applications


GPS | Galileo | GLONASS | Compass

After reaching its final position, the Galileo IOV-3 satellite started transmitting

its first ranging signals on December 1. Within three days, the various carriers (E1, E5, E6) and associated modulations were activated, and full in-orbit testing is now in progress. Anyone with commonly available GNSS receivers can presently access the open signals in the E1, E5a, and E5b frequency bands as well as the wide-band E5 AltBOC signal.

According to statements made at the recent 6th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation Technologies (Navitec 2012) in Noordwijk, The Netherlands, the IOV-3 satellite, which is also identified as Flight Model 3 (FM3) and E19 after its pseudorandom noise code, will continue to use binary offset carrier modulation — specifically BOC(1,1) — on the E1 Open Service signals for the time being. In contrast to this, the first pair of IOV satellites has already started to use composite binary offset carrier modulation, which offers better multipath suppression in the received signal.

Right after its activation, IOV-3 could be tracked immediately by the global network of stations participating in the Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX; http://www.igs.org/mgex) initiated by the International GNSS Service (IGS).

The high quality of the IOV-3 signals is illustrated by measurements collected by the Tanegashima station during a 10-hour pass of the satellite over Japan (see Figure 1). The E5 AltBOC pseudorange measurements in

particular exhibit an exceptionally low noise and multipath level of better than 10 centimeters at mid- and high-elevation angles.

An attractive feature of the Galileo system is the availability of multiple signal frequencies, which opens up numerous prospects for precise positioning and scientific investigations.

Carrier-Phase MeasurementsWhile the E6 signals foreseen

for a future Commercial Service are not presently supported by geodetic receivers due to the lack of information on the transmitted codes and possible licensing issues, users can already benefit from the E5a and E5b signals in addition to E1. By way of example, the ionosphere-free and geometry-free linear combination can be formed from carrier-phase measurements on these frequencies. Results of some

galileo iOV-3 Broadcasts e1, e5, e6 SignalsOliver Montenbruck, German Space Operations Center and Richard B. Langley, University of New Brunswick

PRN E19

2012/12/03

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Continued on page 27

SySteMthe

▲ Figure 1 Pseudorange errors of IOV-3 tracking at Tanegashima, Japan, using the E1 BOC(1,1) signal (top) and the E5 AltBOC signal (center). The elevation angle over time is shown in the bottom panel.

Lift Lift TiltTilt

1.53 1.54 1.55 1.56 1.57 1.58 1.59 1.60 1.61 1.62 1.63 1.64 1.65

FREQ, GHz

LSQ 10L LSQ 10R

LSQ 10H

GALILEO L1

GPS L1

GLONASS L1

1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1

FDREQ, GHz

GLONASS L2GLONASS L3GALILEO E5

GPS L5 GPS L2

All

G NSS

Band

s

J-SHIELD

View your target point on the TRIUMPH-VS

screen and walk towards it to stake it.

your GNSS


the SyStem

first tests using this combination for IOV-3 are shown in Figure 2, based on measurements made at four MGEX stations: CUT0 (Perth, Australia), GMSD (Tanegashima, Japan), KZN2

(Kazan, Russia), and SIN1 (Singapore). The results provide an indication

of carrier-phase noise and multipath effects but are free of long-term variations that have earlier been found in GPS L1/L2/L5 signal combinations.

It is anticipated that similar measurement quality will be

obtained with the E1 and E5 signals of IOV-4, which were activated on December 12 and 13.

This level of performance highlights the potential benefit of Galileo signals in advanced triple-frequency techniques such as undifferenced ambiguity resolution and ionospheric monitoring.

CUT0 GMSD KZN2 SIN1

2012/12/02

21h3.

3h 6h 9h

-0.10-0.08-0.06-0.04-0.020.000.020.040.060.080.10

IF(L1X,L5X)-(L1X,L7X) [m]

Continued from page 18

Galileo E1, E5, E6

▲ Figure 2 The difference between the ionosphere-free carrier-phase combinations formed from E1/E5a and E1/E5b signals received at four MGEX stations: CUT0 (Perth, Australia), GMSD (Tanegashima, Japan), KZN2 (Kazan, Russia), and SIN1 (Singapore).

russian SBAS Luch-5B in Orbital Slot

The second Russian satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) satellite, Luch-5B, has now been positioned at its designated orbital slot of 16 degrees west longitude. The satellite had been in a drift orbit since its launch on November 2 at 21:04:00 UTC along with the domestic communications satellite Yamal-300K.

NORAD/JSpOC tracking data showed Luch-5B arriving at its geostationary position by about December 13. Figure 3 shows the

footprint of the satellite with the elevation-angle contours at 30-degree intervals.

Luch-5B, the second of a set of three geostationary satellites being launched to reactivate Roscosmos’s Luch Multifunctional Space Relay System, is expected to use PRN code 125.

The Luch system will relay communications and telemetry between low-Earth-orbiting spacecraft, such as the the Russian segment

of International Space Station, and Russian ground facilities. The system’s satellites also carry transponders for the System for Differential Correction and Monitoring (SDCM), Russia’s SBAS. The transponders will broadcast GNSS corrections on the standard GPS L1 frequency.

Luch-5A, launched in December 2011, resides in an orbital slot at 95 degrees east longitude. It began transmitting corrections on July 12, 2012 using PRN code 140.

▲ Figure 3 Geostationary position of Luch-5B, carrying a transponder for the Russian System for Differential Correction and Monitoring.


THE SYSTEM

The Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) World Congress in Vienna this fall drew attention to the multi-constellation advantages provided by Galileo during a session on eCall, the European initiative for safer mobility. “Galileo will provide accuracy and reliability in all the transport markets, but in the case of emergency rapid assistance, the positioning need is even more critical,” said Fiammetta Diani, market development officer at the European GNSS Agency (GSA).

A multiconstellation approach for eCall and similar initiatives will deliver better performance without additional costs. Yaroslav Domaratsky from NIS-GLONASS, the Russian national navigation services provider, confirmed that ERA-GLONASS, the Russian version of eCall, will benefit from multiconstellation. “Solutions including also Galileo are welcome in the Russian initiative.”

Satellite ITS applications in road transport cover much more than in-car navigation. They include road-user charging with satellite-based toll collection systems; in-vehicle dynamic route guidance for drivers; intelligent speed adaptation to control the speed of vehicles externally; traveller information systems; and fleet-tracking systems for better management of freight movements and goods delivery.

Road TollingEuropean road-toll operators outlined how they plan to emply the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) and Galileo to provide new tolling solutions.

Luigi Giacalone, managing director of Autostrade Tech, which provides the technology for the French Ecomouv project, said EGNOS will contribute to reliably collect taxes on the heavy trucks using the road charging scheme. “This is a tax, not a toll. It aims to collect a new tax reliably and fairly according

to distance travelled, while dissuading fraud,” he said. “Thanks to GNSS multi-constellation, only 10 locations out of the 15,000-kilometer network need support beacons.”

Ecomouv, which Includes anti-jamming and anti-spoofing mechanisms, covers 600,000 French lorries and 200,000 foreign ones, and will run from July 2013 for 11.5 years. Giacalone said its performance target was 99.75 percent accuracy of the entire collection chain, and its trials had already 99.8 percent accuracy.

Miroslav Bobošík from SkyToll, which operates Slovakia’s electronic tolling operations, explained how the system was able to cover not only 570 kilometers of motorways, but also 1,800 kilometers of first class roads in the country. “We needed a flexible system to cover different roads in different circumstances. And also to be fair to drivers, so they pay only for what they use,” said Bobošík. “We cover all services, not just toll collection, but enforcement, and technological maintenance and repair.”

GNSS tolling means flexibility as well as feasibility for SkyToll: since its launch in mid-2010, many changes have been made to the operation of the network, but thanks to the technology, they were easy to make. And they were cheap, he said. “While it is difficult to compare costs with other country, SkyToll has the lowest cost per kilometer to operate,” he said. “GNSS is the best possible solution for electronic tolling system in Slovakia, and GNSS is the most suitable for ITS.”

Changing the GameVolker Vierroth from T-Systems, the German IT services subsidiary of Deutsche Telekom, explained GNSS’s game-changing role: the availability of a huge variety of additional data linked to actual positions; more computing power, notably mobile and cloud-based; fast and reliable networks

available now with broad coverage, most recently with the shift from 3G to 4G; and smartphones, powerful and versatile, surging to the fore.

“GNSS [in the form of EGNOS] has proved to be a reliable technology for large-scale road charging on complex networks,” he said. “Galileo will bring further improvements, and may become the cornerstone of future road applications.”

EGNOS and Galileo in Emergency Call, Road Tolling

Compass ICD RumoredAs this magazine goes to press, unconfirmed reports from Shanghai state that the Compass Interface Control Document (ICD) will be released on Decembe 27.

Such rumors surfaced in late 2010 and again in late 2011. An October, 2011 GPS World newsletter reported “The long-awaited signal ICD for China’s growing GNSS will appear this month, according to representatives of the system who spoke in a “Compass: Progress, Status, and Future Outlook” workshop in September [2011].

“The ICD has been rumored to be available previously to receiver manufacturers within China, creating some disgruntlement among companies outside the country. A workshop panelist affirmed that GPS/Compass chips and receivers are being actively developed by many Chinese manufacturers and research institutes.”


Locata Tests Lead to Air Force ContractThe U.S. Air Force (USAF) signed a sole-source, multi-year, multi-million dollar contract with Locata Corporation to install a ground-based LocataNet positioning system at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. The USAF will field Locata’s technology for reference-truth positioning across a large area of White Sands when GPS is being completely jammed.

In a recent USAF technical report, the need for a new non-GPS based positioning capability was described by the 746th Test Squadron as the key component for “the realization of the new ‘gold standard truth system’ for the increasingly demanding test and evaluation of future navigation systems for the U.S. Department of Defense.” The Air Force has now contracted with Locata to provide this capability for the USAF’s future truth

reference, the Ultra High-Accuracy Reference System (UHARS).

The report documented extensive testing of a LocataNet covering 1,350 square miles (3,500 square kilometers) deployed at White Sands. The USAF and the 746th Test Squadron proved a LocataNet can accurately position USAF aircraft over a large area when GPS is denied. Locata delivered accurate independent positioning as good as, or better than, the USAF’s current CIGTF Reference System (CRS). The Locata non-GPS based positioning capability is core to the UHARS that will replace the CRS in 2014.

After aircraft testing, the USAF concluded that the Locata system had not only met the demanding contractual tracking and positioning requirements, but actually exceeded them on many points. Some of the

milestones documented by the USAF included:◾ LocataNet position accuracy of 2.5

inches (6 centimeters) horizontally and 6 inches (15 cm) vertically for aircraft flying at a distance of 30 miles (50km) at up to 350 mph (550 km/hr) at 25,000 feet, without GPS.

◾ Throughout the period of the testing, the entire White Sands network achieved nanosecond-accurate synchronization within several minutes of the LocataNet being activated, and remained synchronized even during severe weather until turned off at the end of each test.

◾ By attaching a simple10 watt amplifier, the USAF proved that Locata signals could be acquired and tracked by aircraft at distances

▲ GooGle earth depiction of the USAF LocataNet test bed deployed at the White Sands Missile Range.

Industry news and developments | GPS | Galileo | GLONASS

BUSINESSthE

Continued on page 30


the business

Raytheon UK has been awarded a contract by the UK Ministry of Defence for delivery of a new GPS anti-jam antenna land system. The contract is for an undisclosed number of advanced systems for deployment in operational theaters spanning multiple vehicle platforms. This UOR

(Urgent Operational Requirement) contract is the first award for Raytheon’s GPS Anti-Jam (AJ) Land product family. Raytheon UK has delivered more than 7,000 units for air and naval capabilities in the UK and U.S., according to Bob Delorge, chief executive, Raytheon UK.

The contract will see the deployment of the systems under a very short timescale, with final delivery of the capability expected to be completed six months from contract award.

Raytheon UK is a subsidiary of Raytheon Company.

Raytheon UK Wins Contract for GPS Anti-Jam System

» fleet trackinG

Navman Wireless is offering two professional services packages to expedite, optimize and provide problem resolution for 100-plus-vehicle implementations of its OnlineAVL2 fleet management platform. The new services are designed to reduce rollout and configuration time by up to 80 percent, produce a 50 percent faster return on investment, and help corporate and construction fleet managers derive maximum value from the system by doubling the number of features used.

Both the Standard and Turnkey professional services bundles entitle customers to a dedicated project and account team, including a field services

engineer serving as a single point of contact and project manager, plus the use of a dedicated phone line staffed with support specialists assigned exclusively to handle larger accounts.

The Standard package includes installation support, basic OnlineAVL2 configuration, a training website and weekly group training webinars, priority issue escalation, and a yearly account review to evaluate the customer’s use of the system and identify opportunities to realize greater benefits from the deployment.

The Turnkey package includes all Standard features plus 80 hours of project management time for on-site project planning and user training

as well as weekly update calls and advanced OnlineAVL2 configuration for features such as geofences, maintenance module setup, report scheduling, and email and text alerts. This premium package also includes ongoing best practice guidance, regular on-site business reviews, API-based integration into backend systems, and guaranteed 45-day implementation with appropriate advanced notice and asset availability.

Optional add-on services include custom training and documentation, installation and training at additional depots or terminals, and project management for complex implementations.

» defenSe

of up to 60 miles (100 km). Longer distances could be enabled by attaching higher-powered amplifiers.

◾ The Locata system functioned under dynamic aircraft operating maneuvers, including banking, angular and linear accelerations, airspeeds up to 300 knots (560 km/hr), and altitudes up to 30,000 feet above sea level.

◾ The USAF required Locata to design, prototype, and deliver aircraft-certified antennas for use on both the Locata ground-based transmitters and the USAF aircraft. Locata worked with Cooper Antennas Ltd. of Marlow in Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom, to produce an aircraft-certified version of Locata’s quadrifilar helix antenna design. Under the new contract, Locata

will provide the USAF with Locata

receivers and LocataLite transmitters to blanket 2,500 square miles (6,500 sq km) of the White Sands Range. Locata will also deliver extended hardware warranty, along with ongoing Locata software and firmware upgrades, to the year 2025; and provide long-term consultation and expert technical advice to ensure optimal operational performance of the USAF’s fielded LocataNet systems.

LocataContinued from page 29

Navman Wireless Debuts Professional Services for Fleet Tracking


the business

Munich Navigation Satellite SummitChange of Dates: now June 18–20, Munich, Germanywww.munich-satellite-navigation-summit.orgAn announcement arriving at press time states that the Munich Summit will move from its previous February dates to June 18–20 instead. The Summit features invited high-ranking speakers from industry, science, and governments dealing with the directions of satellite navigation now and in the future.

European Navigation ConferenceApil 23–15, 2013, Vienna Austria; www.enc2013.orgSponsored by the Austrian Institute of Navigation, ENC 2013 will focus on present status and future developments in navigation systems, with special emphasis on Galileo. It will be a showcase for state-of-the-art and innovations in terrestrial and satellite navigation. The implementation of new technologies will be illustrated by the industry exhibition, running in parallel to the conference. Status, Development, and Interoperability of GNSS; Certification and Standardization; Receiver and Antenna Technologies; and more.

China Satellite Navigation ConferenceMay 15–17, 2013, Wuhan, Chinawww.beidou.org/english/paper/“BeiDou Application — Opportunities and Challenges.” Academic exchange, commercial exhibition, technical forum.

9th European Conference on Precision AgricultureJuly 7–11 , 2013; Lleida, Catalonia, Spainwww.infoag.org

IGNSS Society 2013 ConferenceJuly 16–18, 2013, Queensland, Australiawww.ignss.orgThe call for abstracts closes February 4.

Leica Geosystems has released the Leica Viva GS14 GNSS receiver. It features built-in GSM and a UHF radio, internal memory, and IP68 protection. When combined with the Leica Viva GNSS RTK, the GS14 creates a tightly integrated GNSS system.

The Viva GS14 can be used as a light-weight rover and as a base station. It offers a range of GNSS and total-station solutions combining precision with maximum versatility, the company said. Users gain speed and efficiency by reducing the number of setups and control points with the unique SmartStation, and the SmartPole allows instant switching between GNSS and

TPS with a simple icon tap. The system exceeds specifications in

industrial standards. The temperature range from -40°C to +65 °C ensures performance even in challenging working environments.

With Leica Geosystems’ SmartTrack and SmartCheck technology integrated, the Leica Viva GS14 tracks signals with quality and constantly

evaluates and verifies the RTK solution to ensure the most

reliable RTK positions. The Leica Viva GS14 also is ready for future satellite signals.

» SurvEy

Leica Viva GS14

» EvENtS

» ProfESSIoNAl oEM

NovAtel is completing final qualifications for its next-generation Wide-Area Augmentation System (WAAS) G-III reference receiver, which is the measurement engine for the FAA’s modernized WAAS network, and will be commercially available in 2013. The WAAS G-III receiver provides standard integrity monitoring and reference measurements for the legacy GPS L1 C/A, L2 P(Y) as well as the modernized L5, L1C, and L2C signals. The receiver is ideally suited for a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) measurement engine at the front end of a dual-frequency satellite based augmentation system (SBAS).

The G-III receiver platform is designed to support multiconstellation SBAS evolution programs, and can support Galileo, Compass, and GLONASS signals through software upgrades and/or added circuit cards for increased capacity. This enables rapid evolution of existing ground reference systems to support modernized GPS and added GNSS constellations.

NovAtel WAAS Receiver


the business

Mobile Storefronts Distribute 81 Billion Apps» LOCATION-bASed ServICeS

Alberding GmbH, a developer and distributor of professional GNSS system solutions, will be offering its Alberding A07 personal navigator featuring NVS Technologies AG’s NV08C-CSM high-performance multi-GNSS constellation receiver. The Alberding A07 is a low-cost single-frequency GNSS receiver designed for personal navigation and other sub-meter accuracy positioning applications in an urban environment.

The device integrates NVS

Technologies’ NV08C-CSM multi-constellation (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, COMPASS, and SBAS) L1 receiver with GPRS and Bluetooth communication modules, an RFID reader, and a processor. The Alberding A07 comes with an integrated GNSS antenna, but for monitoring and tracking applications, it is also available with an external antenna.

Applications include: pedestrian navigation and tracking; navigation for the visually impaired; RFID-based indoor positioning; transportation;

GIS data collection; and displacement monitoring and alarming.

The Alberding DGNSS processing algorithm and Kalman filter take raw GNSS observation data to compute a highly accurate position solution in real time. Position information can then be transmitted via Bluetooth to custom-specific applications running on devices such as smartphones. For example, the Alberding A07 can assist blind or visually impaired people with orientation and navigation on the streets.

NVS Technologies Selected by Alberding for Sub-Meter GNSS Receiver» PrOfeSSIONAL Oem

China Industry Report: Growth in Mobile Market» LOCATION-bASed ServICeS

A new China Navigation Map Industry Report, 2012-2014, released by Sino Market Insight, predicts that the revenue of Chinese navigation electronic map industry will reach RMB 2.1 billion ($334 million) in 2014.

Started in 2002, the navigation industry in China is still in the initial stage of development compared with the international market, the report says. China’s car navigation market,

PND navigation market and mobile phone navigation market are in the stage of rapid development, while the markets of LBS service, real-time traffic information service, and value-added electronic map application services based on mobile communication technology are still in the initial stage of development.

From 2006 to 2011, the sales volume of car navigation in China maintained

high-speed growth, with CAGR hitting 47.5 percent. However, the penetration rate of car navigation is still low, so China’s car navigation market still has huge growth potential. Meanwhile, the growth speed of GPS mobile phone market in China is amazing, the report says. The sales volume of GPS mobile phone in China approximated 100 thousand sets in 2006, and skyrocketed to more than 50 million sets in 2011.

Mobile application storefronts had collectively distributed a cumulative total of 81 billion smartphone and tablet apps as of the end of September 2012, according to a recent market study from ABI Research. Of these, 89 percent were downloaded from native storefronts that come with the device’s operating system.

“The current status quo is based on storefronts that the operating system

vendors provide as part of the OS experience, and there is no evidence that this would change in the future,”

said ABI Research senior analyst Aapo Markkanen. “A year ago it still looked like that, for example, mobile operators could find a viable business case in the curation of Android apps, but that opportunity evaporated once Google got its storefront act together. Today, it makes sense for operators to distribute apps only under special circumstances, such as the ones that we’re seeing in China.”


the business

Apple iPad owners can now read GPS World on their devices, through a free application that provides an interactive version of the magazine at your touchtip, with access to digital back issues, and an RSS feed of latest industry news.

Downloading the app is free and simple. Search “GPS World” in the App Store, or go to http://itunes.com/apps/GPSWorldHD.

» location-baSed ServiceS

Trimble Outdoors Elite membership program provides access to more than 2,500 topo map bundles that can be stored on smartphones and tablets, and used with other provided tools.

The program caters to hikers, backpackers, and off-roaders, with a smartphone app (iPhone, Android) and tablet app (iPad, Android, Kindle Fire) . Membership includes: ◾ offline topographic maps of

remote areas, in large swathes, storable on mobile devices, bundled by state, county or park—more than 2,500 areas across the United States These map files are dragged-and-dropped onto a SD memory card or into an iTunes account then transferred to the phone or tablet.

◾ Public Lands: With the U.S. patchwork of private and public lands, it’s important to know where the boundaries are and whether the land is under private or public ownership.

◾ Weather Maps: Before heading out the door, members can check interactive weather maps to see what clothing/gear to pack or whether to change their itinerary. Zoom in on exact areas for real-time weather overlays, including Doppler radar, satellite images, wind speed, and temperature.

◾ Printed Maps: Search-and-rescue experts advise outdoor enthusiasts not to depend solely on electronics in the field.

◾ Trip Planner to draw routes and mark waypoints.

Trimble Outdoor Mapping for Fresh-Air Enthusiasts

Telit Wireless Solutions has introduced the Jupiter SE880 ultra-compact GPS receiver module for applications in the commercial, industrial, and consumer segments including wearable and handheld devices. The miniature 4.7 x 4.7 millimeter land grid array, SiRFstarIV-based receiver module employs 3D component embedding technology to achieve performance in all dimensions critical for regular or size-constrained GPS applications. The SE880 receiver module was conceived to shorten time-to-market and to make the chipset-versus-module decision an easy one to make for device integrators. Integrators can attain a working SE880-based design in as little as a week versus several months when starting

from a chipset reference design.

The Jupiter SE880 includes all components necessary for a fully functioning receiver design, requiring only a 32-KHz external

crystal for its time-base and TCXO to complete the design, along with antenna, power and data connections adequate to the integrator’s needs, the company said. For advanced designs incorporating the supported satellite based augmentation system (SBAS), ephemeris data collected from the satellites can be stored to SPI Flash memory instead of the more common and expensive alternative of the EEPROM — again reducing costs and improving the business case for the end-device.

» conSumer oem

Telit Receiver Based on 3D Embedded Technology

» PerSonal trackinG

u-blox runs inside MobileHelp, a provider of M-PERS (Mobile-Personal Emergency Response System) technology. Based on u-blox’ LISA 2G/3G wireless modem and MAX GPS modules, the system includes compact, portable alert devices that function in and around the home, and while traveling. Unlike traditional 911 services, MobileHelp devices deliver instant position information as well as personalized medical data to an emergency response center at the touch of a button.

The system is integrated with nationwide wireless voice, data and GPS for real-time medical monitoring services, location tracking, and instant voice contact with trained emergency response operators; also offers caregiver tools.

u-blox Medical Alert

There’s an App for This

Apply the power of place at www.geospatial-solutions.com.

APPLYING THE POWER OF PLACE

www.geospatial-solutions.com

gives you the edge in a rapidly expanding industry.

The resource for GIS — geographic information systems.

BETTER THAN EVER!!In the biggest market ever.

Sourc

e: Tom

Tom

Sourc

e: U

SG

S

Eric Gakstatter, Survey editor for GPS World, produces

www.geospatial-solutions.com, the Geospatial Solutions Weekly

enewsletter, frequent webinars, and a Twitter newsfeed with the latest news,

analysis, and trends in the expanding geospatial industry: software, services and data.

The GIS industry rang up $5 billion in 2011, and will grow to $10.6 billion by 2015.

Keep up with this growing market. Get ahead of it with expert analysis!

Now in its 21st year, the annual GPS World Receiver Survey provides

the longest running, most comprehensive database of GPS and

GNSS equipment available in one place.

With information provided by 55 manufacturers on more

than 502 receivers, the survey assembles data on the most

important equipment features. Manufacturers are listed

alphabetically. Footnotes and Abbreviations below supply

additional information to guide you through the survey.

We have made every effort to present an accurate listing

of receiver information, but GPS World cannot be held

responsible for the accuracy of information supplied by the

companies or the performance of any equipment listed. In

some cases, data had to be abbreviated or truncated to fit

the space available. Contact the manufacturers directly with

questions about specific units. To be listed in the 2014 Receiver

Survey, e-mail [email protected].

abbreviations

apps: applications

ARINC: Aeronautical Radio, Inc.

standard

async: asynchronous

bps: bits per second

CP: carrier phase

CEP: circular error probable

diff: differential

ext.: external / int. = internal

m, min: minutes

na or NA: not applicable

nr: no response

opt.: optional

par.: parallel

prog.: programmable

ppm: parts per million

RMS: root mean square

s: seconds

SBAS: Satellite-Based

Augmentation System

typ.: typical

VRS: Virtual reference station

WP: waterproof

WR: water resistant

notes1 User environment and applications: 2 Where three values appear, they

refer to autonomous (code), real-time

differential (code), and post-processed

differential; where four values appear,

they refer to autonomous (code),

real-time differential (code), real-

time kinematic, and post-processed

differential.

3 Cold start: ephemeris, almanac, and

initial position and time not known.

4 For a warm start, the receiver has

a recent almanac, current time,

and initial position, but no current

ephemeris

5 Reacquisition time is based on the

loss of signal for at least one minute.

6 E = provision for an external antenna

R = antenna is removable

A = aviation

C = recreational

D = defense

G = survey/GIS

H = handheld

L = land

M = marine

Met = meteorology

N = navigation

O = other

P = other position reporting

R = real-time DGPS ref.

S = space

T = timing

V = vehicle/vessel tracking

1 = end-user product

2 = board/chipset/module for

OEM apps


Beyond General Receiver Specifications

The in-depth specifications presented in this GNSS receiver survey are critical for making the correct purchase decision,

however specifications must always be considered in relation to the demands of your application. Buyers must consider matters of size, weight, accuracy and availability and weigh them in light of other factors such as cost and ease of integration.

As well, certain aspects of a GNSS receiver’s functionality may not be directly comparable by considering receiver specifications alone. When choosing your GNSS provider, consider the following to ensure you optimize your GNSS receiver purchase

Absolute Accuracy versus Relative AccuracyThe receiver survey displays the absolute positioning accuracy of the various receivers, but for some applications this is not the only quality that matters. In traditional GNSS applications such as surveying, absolute position accuracy is

critical. Precision farming and machine automation require position

output that is also very stable over time. GNSS

position accuracy can vary over time with changes in satellite visibility or when the receiver changes

between correction types. These changes can result in

position solution discontinuities. Receivers vary greatly in how they

deal with these shifts. When choosing a receiver for your application, enquire about the receiver’s relative position stability to ensure that the receiver will suit your application. NovAtel’s GL1DE® and mode-match algorithms are specially designed to ensure the position from the receiver is as smooth as possible, regardless of the challenges presented by the operating environment.

Heading and Orientation DeterminationGNSS are by their nature position

determination systems. However many applications such as excavating and drilling, aircraft and marine vessel navigation, mobile or airborne mapping require accurate orientation information as well, which single-antenna GNSS systems cannot easily provide. Direction of travel can be used as an approximation of heading, but true vehicle heading, roll and pitch must be derived using an alternate approach.

There are multiple ways to work around this limitation of GNSS. Heading can be determined by measuring the 3D offset between two or more GNSS antennas fixed to a vehicle. For environments where the GNSS signal availability is good, these systems can give a very accurate measurement of the heading and pitch of a vehicle. GNSS heading products like NovAtel’s ALIGN® technology can be easily deployed onto a vehicle to provide heading for a range of applications.

Inertial sensors (gyroscopes and accelerometers) can also be used along with GNSS to compute a 3D attitude solution (roll, pitch, heading). GNSS/INS systems have the advantage of computing attitude and also of improving the position reliability of the GNSS receiver. NovAtel’s tightly-coupled SPAN® GNSS/INS technology is available on all our OEM6™ receivers. SPAN offers a range of IMUs to suit many applications requiring high-rate, robust positioning and precise attitude.

Raw Data for Post-ProcessingHigh precision applications usually rely on post-mission processing of the GNSS data. GNSS post-processing offers many advantages over real time operation. If a real time solution is not required, the raw GNSS measurement data can be collected in the field and processed post-mission to provide a precise position and velocity solution. Post-processing allows for simplified real time system operation without the need for real time telemetry and allows lower cost receiver hardware to be used. There are publicly available reference station data or precise satellite clock and orbit data for precise point positioning (PPP). When choosing a receiver, consider how the data

James Hamilton

ADVERTORIAL

p

b


1. Does your vendor compete with you in your market? A true OEM supplier will support you in winning market share in your market and not show up at your customer with their product.

2. Does your vendor have a track record for GNSS innovation and leading-edge technology?

3. Integrating a receiver into your system can be a complex activity. Is your vendor set up to support you with the integration effort? Is the product well documented and designed for integration? Does the company have a support structure of application engineers capable with assisting with integration challenges?

4. Is your vendor a reliable and recognized manufacturer? As receivers become more complex, only proven manufacturers will succeed in offering high product quality and reliability.

5. Is your vendor a cooperative part of your supply chain? Your vendor should support your needs with quick lead times and flexible order fulfillment. NovAtel’s field-upgradeable products allow customers to keep their inventory costs low and offer product flexibility.

6. Is your vendor financially stable? The recent recession has been difficult for the GNSS industry. Make sure your vendor is likely to be around to support you with your current product — and to develop innovative, next-generation technology.

Choosing the right vendorJust as there are technical considerations for choosing the right receiver, there are factors that should influence whom you choose as your GNSS partner. Some questions to consider include:

processing will fit into your overall workflow. An easy to use and easy to integrate software package can make all the difference. NovAtel’s Waypoint® post-processing packages support GNSS and GNSS/INS processing with a simple, yet extremely flexible user interface.

Antenna SelectionChoosing the correct GNSS antenna is vital to GNSS system performance. A high performance GNSS antenna provides superior multipath rejection and highly stable phase center, both important to precision operations. Matching the signals and frequencies between your antenna and receiver is critical. If your vendor has an antenna product-line, they can help fit the right antenna to the application.

With all spectrums of signals being utilized with modern GNSS, intentional and unintentional interference and jamming is becoming major concern. Anti-jamming antennas such as NovAtel’s GAJT™ mitigate the threat to military operations, timing and networks infrastructures.

Ease of IntegrationIntegration factors to be considered before you buy include:

• Scalability:Areceivershouldhaveascalablelevel

of performance so that it can evolve as your needs change. In this way by integrating one receiver, a range of different applications can be satisfied with only a change of software.

• InterfaceProtocols:Thesurveyidentifiesthe

communication options available with the listed receivers. It is also important to make sure the receiver you choose has the interface protocols you need for your application.

• ComplementaryTechnology:SomeGNSSreceivers

can be paired easily with other sensor devices to provide position and velocity solutions with higher precision and quicker update rates. These sensors includes: accelerometers, gyroscope, and odometer etc.

My interview in the 2011 GPS World GNSS Receiver Survey provided additional information and advice regarding the tradeoffs often required when choosing a receiver. This information can be found on the NovAtel website at novatel.com/assets/Documents/Articles/Excerpt-from-2012GPSWorldReceiverSurvey.pdf.

GNSS product information or integration advice can also be obtained by clicking on the “Get Expert Advice” button found throughout novatel.com.

A receiver should have a scalable level of performance so that it cn evolve as your needs change.

ADVERTORIAL

receiver survey 2013 | Sponsored by


Manufacturer Model Channels/tracking

mode

Signal tracked Maximum number of

satellites tracked

User environment and

application 1

Size (W x H x D) Weight Position: autonomous (code) / real-

time differential (code) / ; real-time

kinematic/post-processed 2

Time

(nanosec)

Position Àx update

rate (sec)

Altus Positioning Systems

www.altus-ps.com

APS-3 136 par. GPS+GLONASS L1, C/A & CP; L2, P-code & CP;

L2C; WAAS/EGNOS

All in View GPS +

GLONASS

GLMNOPRV1 17.8 (Ø) x 9.0cm <1.3 kg 1.3m/0.5m/1cm+1ppm/2mm+0.5ppm

(1-sigma)

10 0.04

APS-3G 136 par. GPS L1, C/A L2, P-code & CP; L2C; L5 code &

CP, GALILEO L1 code & CP; E5a code & CP;

WAAS/EGNOS

All in View GPS +

GLONASS + GALILEO


(1-sigma)

10 0.04

APS-3L 136 par. GPS L1, C/A L2, P-code & CP; L2C; L5 code &


WAAS/EGNOS

All in View GPS +

GLONASS + GALILEO


(1-sigma)

10 0.04

APS-U 136 par. GPS L1, C/A L2, P-code & CP; L2C; L5 code &


WAAS/EGNOS

All in View GPS +

GLONASS + GALILEO

GLMNOPRV1 17.7 x 16.7 x 4.8cm 1.6 kg 1.3m/0.5m/1cm+1ppm/2mm+0.5ppm

(1-sigma)

10 0.04

Ashtech / Boards & Sensors

www.ashtech-oem.com

MB 100 Board 45 par. GPS and GLONASS L1 C/A,; GPS L1/L2 P(Y)-

code, L2C, L1/L2 full wavelength carrier,; SBAS

code & carrier

12 GPS, 12 GLONASS,

3 SBAS

AGLMNOPRV2 2.3 x 2.2 x 0.4in 0.78 oz 3m/25cm+1ppm/1cm+1ppm/ 0.3cm

+ 0.5ppm

nr 0.05s

MB 800 Board 120 par. GPS L1 C/A L1/L2 P-code, L2C, L5- GLONASS

L1 C/A, L2 C/A code- GALILEO E1 and E5 -

SBAS L1 code and carrier (WAAS/EGNOS/

MSAS)- Fully inde

12 GPS, 12 GLONASS,

3 SBAS

AGLMMetNOPRV2 3.9 x 3.1 x 0.5 in 2.18 oz 3m/25cm+1ppm/1cm+1ppm/ 0.3cm

+ 0.5ppm

nr 0.05s

SkyNav GG12W

GPS+SBAS - FAA Certi¿able

Board

12 par. L1 only, C/A-code and carrier (GPS and SBAS) as above ADNO2 4.3 x 3.3 x 0.6in 3.8 oz 3m/1m/nr/5mm + 1 ppm nr 0.2s

HDS800 RTK+Heading

System

240 par. GPS L1 C/A L1/L2 P-code, L2C, L5- GLONASS


SBAS L1 code and carrier (WAAS/EGNOS/

MSAS)- Fully inde

12 GPS, 12 GLONASS,

3 SBAS

AGLMMetNOPRV2 8.46x7.87x2.99 in 4.6 lb 3m/25cm+1ppm/1cm+1ppm/ 0.3cm

+ 0.5ppm

nr 0.05s

ADU5 3D Attitude Sensor 56 par./2 beacon L1 only, C/A-code and carrier, SBAS, Beacon 12GPS + 2 SBAS ADLMNOT1 8.5 x 3.75 x 7.7in 4.125 lb 3m/40cm/nr 200 0.2s

DG14 GPS+SBAS Board 12 GPS + 2 WAAS as above as above ADGLMNOPRSTV2 108 x 57mm 2.3 oz 3m/40cm/1cm + 1 ppm/1cm + 1 ppm 200 0.05s

ABX14 receiver 14 par. as above as above ADGLMNOPRTV1 8.70 in x 2.28 in x 6.30 in 2 lbs 15

ounces

as above 200 0.05s

ABX Series GNSS sensors 45, 120 or 240 par. GPS L1 C/A L1/L2 P-code, L2C, L5- GLONASS


SBAS L1 (WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS/GAGAN)- QZSS

12 GPS, 12 GLONASS,

3 SBAS

AGLMMetNOPRV2 7.48x2.28x6.3 in 2.70 lb 2.5m/25cm+1ppm/1cm+1ppm/ 0.3cm

+ 0.5ppm

nr 0.05s

BAE Systems Rokar

www.baesystems.com

GPS SpaceNav 24 par. correlator GPS L1 C/A code, 24 GPS 12 - all in view S1 2.49 x 4.33 x 8.11in 1.4 kg 5m/na/na/na 150 1

BP GPS 12 par. Correlator L1 only, C/A–code 12 - all in view ADLNO2 4.72 x 0.63 x 4.82in 105 g 5m/na/na/na 300 1

NT4RLG GPS 12 par. Correlator L1 only, C/A–code 12 - all in view ADLNO2 4.72 x 0.63 x 4.82in 110 g 5m/na/na/na 300 1

GPS SWIFT-NT 24 par. L1 only, C/A–code 24 - all in view ADN1 3.72x2.52x10.37in 1.1 kg 5m/na/na/na 300 1

NAVPOD NT 12 par. L1 only, C/A–code 12 - all in view ADNOR1 3.72 x 1.20 x 7.00in 580 g 5m/na/na/na 300 1

NavComp 36 par. Correlator L1 GPS C/A–code, L1 Glonass 36 - all in view ADNOR1 5.60 x 2.70 x 6.61in 1.7 kg 5m/na/na/na 300 10

HNR-10 12 par. Correlator L1 only, C/A–code 12 - all in view ADNOT2 4.80x0.75x3.66in 150 g 5m/na/na/na 40 10

GH-C GPS 12 par. Correlator L1 only, C/A–code 12 - all in view ADNP2 2.5 in diameter 25 g 5m/na/na/na 300 1

GH-L GPS 12 par. Correlator L1 only, C/A–code 12 - all in view ADNP2 2.3 in diameter 40 g 5m/na/na/na 300 1

A/J SNIR GPS 24 par. Correlator L1 GPS C/A–code, L1 Glonass 24 - all in view ADNP2 2.49 x 4.33 x 8.11in 1.4 kg 5m/na/na/na 300 10

Baseband Technologies, Inc.

www.basebandtech.com

GPS/PC Pro user de¿ne GPS L1 C/A code user de¿ne ACDHLMNOPV12 na na ~5m na 500Hz

BTI-2800LP user de¿ne GPS L1 C/A code user de¿ne ACDHLMNOPV12 0.7 x 0.7cm < 1g ~5m na 500Hz

Broadcom

www.broadcom.com

BCM4751 12 GPS L1, SBAS, QZSS 12 NHC2 3 x 2.9mm < 1g 2m/1m/na/na (CEP) 50 1

BCM2076 12 GPS L1, GLONASS, SBAS 12 NHC2 4.28 x 3.83mm < 1g 2m/1m/na/na (CEP) 50 1

BCM47511 18 GPS L1, GLONASS, SBAS, QZSS 18 NHC2 2.85 x 3.02mm <1g 2m/1m/na/na (CEP) 50 1

BCM4761 12 GPS L1, SBAS 12 NHC2 11 x 11 x 1.2mm <1g 2m/1m/na/na (CEP) 50 1

BCM4752 >100 GPS L1, GLONASS, SBAS, QZSS, IMES >35 NHC2 2.0 x 2.4mm <1g 2m/1m/na/na (CEP) 50 1

CellGuide

www.cell-guide.com

ACLYS GPS/AGPS IC 80 ch. Up to 16 SV GPS L1 C/A All in View CHNV2 5.0 x 5.0 x 0.9mm 0.07g 3m, 3m, 3m, 5m na 1

ACLYS-M GPS/AGPS

Module

80 ch. Up to 16 SV GPS L1 C/A All in View CHNV2 13.0 x 16.0 x 1.97mm 0.6g 3m, 3m, 3m, 5m na 1

CLIOX-C GPS/AGPS+ 3D

Electronic Compass IC

80 ch. Up to 16 SV GPS L1 C/A All in View CHNV2 5.0 x 5.0 x 0.9mm 0.07g 3m, 3m, 3m, 5m na 1

CGsnap GPS/AGPS

Baseband IP

80 ch. Up to 16 SV GPS L1 C/A All in View CHNV2 na na 3m, 3m, 3m, 5m 100nS 1

CGsnap Pro GNSS/A-GNSS

Baseband IP

192 ch. Up to 30 SV GPS L1 C/A, GLONASS G1 All in View CHNV2 na na 3m, 3m, 3m, 5m 100nS 1

ACLYS-L RF Front End All in View GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO, COMPASS All in View CHNV2 5.0 x 5.0 x 0.9mm 0.07g na na na

Communication & Navigation (C&N)

www.c-n.at

TinyBrother GPS 24 GPS L1 C/A code & CP All-in-View AGLV1 73 x 37 x 116mm 250g 5m/<1m/n.a./n.a. <50ns 1Hz

CSR

www.csr.com

GSD4t 48 GPS L1 C/A, SBAS,QZSS 24 CHNV2 3.4 x 2.7 x 0.6mm na 10m/nr/nr/nr (95%) nr Variable

GSD4e 48 GPS L1 C/A, SBAS,QZSS 24 CHNV2 3.5 x 3.2 x 0.6mm na 10m/nr/nr/nr (95%) nr Variable

SiRFPrima Up to 64 GPS L1 C/A, SBAS,QZSS All in View CHNV2 16 x 16 x 1.1mm na 10m/nr/nr/nr (95%) nr Variable

SiRFPrima Automotive Up to 64 GPS L1 C/A, SBAS,QZSS All in View CHNV2 16 x 16 x 1.1mm na 10m/nr/nr/nr (95%) nr Variable

SiRFPrimaII Up to 64 GPS L1 C/A, SBAS, Glonass, Galileo,

Compass, QZSS

All in View CHNV2 17 x 17 x 1.1mm na 10m/nr/nr/nr (95%) nr Variable

SiRFPrimaII Automotive Up to 64 GPS L1 C/A, SBAS, Glonass, Galileo,

Compass, QZSS

All in View CHNV2 17 x 17 x 1.1mm na 10m/nr/nr/nr (95%) nr Variable

SiRFAtlasIV Up to 64 GPS L1 C/A, SBAS,QZSS All in View CHNV2 12 x 12 x 1.1mm na 10m/nr/nr/nr (95%) nr Variable

SiRFAtlasV Up to 64 GPS L1 C/A, SBAS,QZSS All in View CHNV2 10 x 13 x 1.2mm na 10m/nr/nr/nr (95%) nr Variable

SiRFAtlasVI Up to 64 GPS L1 C/A, SBAS, Glonass, Galileo,

Compass, QZSS

All in View CHNV2 13.4 x 12.6 x 1.16mm na 10m/nr/nr/nr (95%) nr Variable

SiRFstarV 5ea Automotive Up to 52 GPS L1 C/A, SBAS, QZSS, Glonass, Galileo,

Compass

24 CHNV2 7.00 x 10.00 x 1.2mm na 10m/nr/nr/nr (95%) nr Variable

5t Up to 52 GPS L1 C/A, SBAS, QZSS, Glonass, Galileo,

Compass

24 CHNV2 3.11x2.20x0.6 10m/nr/nr/nr (95%) nr Variable

DataGrid, Inc.

www.datagrid-international.com

Toughman 336 or more

depending on

con¿g

L1 full cycle CP, C/A–code, L2 full cycle CP, P2 or

L2C code, SBAS, option: GLONASS L1, full cycle

CP, C/A–code, L2 full cycle and L2 C/A code.

20 or more depending

on con¿g

GLMNOVR1 20 x 8.5 x 3.5cm 600g 1.5m/<1m /1cm/<1cm (RMS) <35 1,1/2,1/5, 1/10

Mk3 “Chameleon” 336 or more

depending on

con¿g

as above 20 or more depending

on con¿g

GLMNOVRT1 27 x 8.5 x 3.5cm 750 g 1.5m/<1m /1cm/<1cm (RMS) <35 1,1/2,1/5, 1/10

Gator 336 or more

depending on

con¿g

as above 30 or more depending

on con¿g

GLMNOVRT1 10 x 8.4 x 3.5cm 340 g 1.5m/<1m /1cm/<1cm (RMS) <35 1,1/2,1/5, 1/10, 1/20

Colibri 336 or more

depending on

con¿g

L1 full cycle CP, C/A–code, L2 full cycle CP, P2

or L2C code, SBAS, GLONASS L1, full cycle CP,

C/A–code, L2 full cycle and L2 C/A code.


on con¿g

GLMNOVRT1 Ø 17cm x 10cm ~400 g

depending on

con¿g.

1.5m/<1m /1cm/<1cm (RMS) <35 1,1/2,1/5, 1/10

DGRx (OEM) 336 or more

depending on

con¿g


or L2C code, SBAS, option: GLONASS L1, full

cycle CP, C/A–code.


on con¿g

AHGLMOVRT2 90 x 60 x 12mm ~ 50 g 1.5m/<1m /1cm/<1cm (RMS) <35 1,1/2,1/5, 1/10, 1/20

standard, higher rates

optional.

DGRx-GNSS (OEM) 336 or more

depending on

con¿g


or L2C code, SBAS, GLONASS L1, full cycle CP,

C/A–code, L2 full cycle and L2 C/A code.


on con¿g

AHGLMOVRT2 90 x 60 x 12mm ~ 50 g 1.5m/<1m /1cm/<1cm (RMS) <35 as above

EfÀgis Geo Solutions / OnPOZ

Products

www.ef¿gis.com

SubX 16 par. GPS L1 C/A code and carrier-phase, SBAS 16 GIS Mapping 12 x 6.5 x 4cm 0.67 lb 2.5m/2m/na/0.01cm (CEP) 1Hz

EndRun Technologies

www.endruntechnologies.com

Meridian Precision

TimeBase

8 par. GPS L1 C/A code 8 T1 17 x 1.75 x 10.75 in. < 5 lb Autonomous < 10 ns RMS 1

Tycho Time & Frequency

Reference

8 par. GPS L1 C/A code 8 T1 17 x 1.75 x 10.75 in. < 5 lb Autonomous < 20 ns RMS 1

Tempus LX Network Time

Server

8 par. GPS L1 C/A code 8 T1 17 x 1.75 x 10.75 in. < 5 lb Autonomous < 30 ns 1

Unison Network Time Server 8 par. GPS L1 C/A code 8 T1 17 x 1.75 x 10.75 in. < 5 lb Autonomous < 30 ns 1

Exelis

www.exelisinc.com

MSN Receiver 12 GPS L1/L2; CA and P(Y) 12 D 18 x 19 x 5.25 inches 30 lbs

EGR 2500 12 GPS L1/L2; CA and P(Y) 12 D 2.45 x 1.76 x 0.38 in 31 grams <10m <30 ns 1Hz

Sponsored by | receiver survey 2013


Cold start 3 Warm start 4 Reacquisition 5 No. of ports Port type Baud rate Operating temperature

(degrees Celsius)

Power source Power consumption

(Watts)

Antenna type 6 Description or Comments

<45s <15s <1s 4 2 RS-232, 1 Bluetooth, 1 TNC 1,200-115,200 -20 to +65 INT/EXT (9-18

V DC)

7 W INT/EXT Dual Frequency Geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver


V DC)

7 W INT/EXT Triple Frequency Geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver


V DC)

7 W INT/EXT Dual Frequency Geodetic and RTK GNSS & TERRASTAR

L-Band receiver

<45s <15s <1s 8 3 RS-232, 1 Bluetooth, 1 USB, 1

Ethernet, 2 TNC

1,200-115,200 -20 to +65 EXT (9-30 V DC) 11 W EXTERNAL (1 or 2) Dual or Triple Frequency Geodetic and RTK, GNSS

Heading, & TERRASTAR L-band receiver

45s 35s 3s 3 RS-232, RS-232, USB 2.0 1 RS232 up to 921.6 kbits/

sec (RxD, TxD, CTS and

RTS signals)

–40 to +85 external < 0.8W in GPS L1; <

0.95W in GPS L1/L2 or

GPS+GLONASS L1

Ext. active patch/antenna.; 2

antenna connectors

Compact Dual-Frequency RTK OEM Board.; 2 antenna

connectors for handheld integration.; BLADE Technology

inside.

45s 35s 3s 4 RS-232, LV-TTL, LV-TTL, USB 2.0 RS-232 up 921.6 kbits/sec;

LV-TTL up to 5 Mbits/sec;

USB 2.0 up to 12 Mbps

-40° to +185°F external 1.9W (GPS only),; 2.4W

(GPS+GLONASS)

Ext. active antenna (L1, L2) GPS/

GLONASS

GPS+GLONASS+SBAS Dual-Frequency OEM Board.;


nr nr <3s 2 RS-230 300–115,200 –30 to +70 external 3 Patch, active (ER) For aviation; designed to FAA/RTCA speci¿cations

45s 35s 3s 6 3x RS-232, USB 2.0, Bluetooth, Ethernet RS-232 up 921.6 kbits/sec;

USB 2.0 up to 12 Mbps;

-22° to +149°F external 5W with one GNSS

antenna

Ext. active antenna (L1, L2) GPS/

GLONASS

GPS+GLONASS+SBAS Dual-board RTK+Heading System.;


90s 35s 3s 2 RS-232 300–115,200 –20 to +55 external 6 Patch with ground plane (ER) Precise heading, pitch, roll, and 3D position

90s 35s 3s 3 RS-232 300–115,200 –30 to +70 external 1.2 Microstrip GPS/beacon Uses SBAS signals for sub-meter differential positioning

90s 35s 3s 3 RS-232 300–115,200 –30 to +60 external 1.3 Microstrip GPS/beacon Sub-meter GPS+Beacon+SBAS receiver

45s 35s 3s 3 - 4 2-3 RS-232, USB 2.0, -22° to +140°F external 2.4 W - 6.5 W GNSS, GLONASS, Galileo, SBAS GNSS-centric engine. GLONASS-only capable. Z-BLADE

Technology inside.

<8 min <50 s 2-5 s 4 RS-422 9600–38,400 –25 to +60 ext/int 5.5 patch (E) For LEO satellites

<2min 20 s 2–5 s 1,1 RS-422, RS-232 9,600–38,400 –40 to +85 ext 3.75 patch (E) Smart munitions

<2min 20 s 2–5 s 1,1 RS-422, RS-232 9,600–38,400 –40 to +85 ext 3.75 patch (E) Inertial system integration

<2min 20 s <1s 1, 1 RS-232, RS-422 300–19,200 –40 to +71 ext/int 6 patch (E) Satellite launchers, missiles

<2min 20 s <5 s 1, 1 RS-232, RS-422 300–38,400 –40 to +71 ext/int 4.5 patch (E) A/C PODS

<2min 5s <1s 1,1 RS-422, RS-232 9,600–115,200 –40 to +71 ext 14 4X patch (E) Artilery GPS Àight computer

<2min 20s 2–5 s 1,1 RS-422, RS-232 115200 –40 to +85 ext 4.5 patch (E) 10-MHz in, 2x1PPs out

<2min 13 s 3 s 2 TTL 9,600–115,200 –40 to +85 ext 1 nr GPS for artilery

<2min 6 s 3 s 2 TTL 9,600–115,200 –40 to +85 ext/int 3 nr GPS for artilery

<2min 5s <1s 1,1 RS-422, RS-232 9,600–115,200 –40 to +71 ext 14 4X patch (E) A/J GNSS for high dynamics

2ms 2ms 2ms na na na na na na na SW based GPS receiver

2ms 2ms 2ms 2 Serial/Parallel na TBD 3.3 TBD na RFIC module

30s 30s 1s 3 I2C, SPI, UART Up to 1/32 of reference

clock

–30 to +85 1.5-3.6 V 13mW na Single-chip, single-die baseband and RF tuner

30s 30s 1s 3 UART, SDIO, SPI,I2C,PCM, I2S UART: 4M -30 to +85 1.2V - 5.5V 10mW na Single chip, single die, GPS + GLONASS + Bluetooth +

FM (RX/TX)

30s 30s 1s 2 UART, I2C UART: 4M -30 to +85 1.5-3.6 V 13mW na Single chip, single die, GPS + GLONASS baseband

and RF tuner

30s 30s 1s 96 GPIO, HS UART (x4), SPI, I2C, SDIO/

MMC (x3), PCM, I2S

UART: 4M -40 to +85 C Core: 1.2V, I/O:

3.3V, Audio 3V

300mW @ 700MHz na Highly intergrated ARM11 Apps Processor + VFPU + GPS

Baseband + RF + LNA with support of DDR2

30s 30s 1s 2 UART, I2C UART: 4M -30 to +85 1.5-3.6 V 13mW na Single chip, single die, GPS + GLONASS baseband

and RF tuner

33s 33s <1s 1 SPI 2 Mbps –40 to +85 Single 1.8v supply 20mW average na Single die GPS/AGPS baseband and RF front end

33s 33s <1s 1 SPI 2 Mbps –40 to +85 Single 1.8v supply 20mW average na GPS/AGPS Module

33s 33s <1s 1 SPI 2 Mbps –40 to +85 Single 1.8v supply 20mW average na Two dies solution. GPS/AGPS baseband and RF front end

+ electronic compass

33s 33s <1s 1 APB 2 Mbps na na na na GPS/AGPS baseband IP for integration with host-processor

system

33s 33s <1s 1 APB 8 Mbps na na na na GPS/AGPS baseband IP for integration with host-processor

system

na na na 1 Serial 12-26 Msps –40 to +85 Single 1.8v supply 30mW max na Single die GPS RF front-end

<45s <20s <1s 2 RS-232 19200-115200 “-20 to +70°C” int LiPo/ext 9-30V 5W active, external

<35s <34s <1s 2 UART, SPI, I2C user selectable -40 to +85 Ext 0.008 E Single die tracker

<35s <34s <1s 2 UART, SPI, I2C user selectable -40 to +85 Ext 0.008 E Single die engine

<35s <34s <1s na na user selectable -40 to +85 Ext ~ 0.7 to 0.9 E SOC: Apps Processor + GPU + GPS


<35s <34s <1s na na user selectable -40 to +85 Ext ~ 0.7 to 1.5 E SOC: Apps Processor + GPU + video + GPS

<35s <34s <1s na na user selectable -40 to +85 Ext ~ 0.7 to 1.5 E SOC: Apps Processor + GPU + video + GPS

<35s <34s <1s na na user selectable -20 to +70 Ext ~ 0.55 to 0.9 E SOC: Apps Processor + GPS

<35s <34s <1s na na user selectable -20 to +70 Ext ~ 0.55 to 0.9 E SOC: Apps Processor + GPS


<33s <32s <1s 2 UART, SPI, I2C user selectable -40 to +85 Ext 0.008 E Single die GNSS engine

<33s <32s <1s 2 UART, SPI, I2C user selectable -40 to +85 Ext 0.008 E single die tracker

<40s 36s <1s 1, 1, 1, 1 Serial, A/D, USB, Bluetooth 1,200–115,200 bps –30 to +70 int., ext., LiIonP. 2.2 L1/L2 (E) GPS L1/L2 carrierphase and data collection. WR

<40s 36s <1s 2, 1, 1, 1 Serial, A/D, USB, Bluetooth 1,200–115,200 bps –30 to +70 int., ext, ., LiIonP. 3.2 L1/L2 GNSS (E) RTK,VRS, Precision post-procecssing, Precision GIS, GSM

modem opt. WR

<40s 36s <1s 1,1 PC Card (PCMCIA), USB 1,200–115,200 bps -40 to +85 ext. 1.5 L1/L2 GNSS (E) RTK,VRS, Precision post-procecssing, Precision GIS, GSM

modem opt. WR

<40s 36s <1s 1,1 USB, Bluetooth option 1,200–115,200 bps -40 to +85 int., ext, ., LiIonP. 1.5 to 2 L1/L2 GNSS Internal RTK,VRS, Precision post-procecssing, Precision GIS, GSM

modem opt. WR. Fully wireless operation capable.

<40s <36s <1s 2 Serial 1,200–115,200 bps –40 to +85 ext. 1.5 L1/L2 GNSS (E) Based on easy-to-upgrade/modify FPGA design

<40s <36 s <1s 2 Serial 1,200–115,200 bps –40 to +85 ext. 1.5 L1/L2 GNSS (E) as above

<<34s <33s <1s 1 1 BT 57600 –20 to +50 internal battery Active, 27 db

5 min 2 min < 1 min 2 1 Ethernet, 1 RS-232 10/100 Base-T, 19200 0 to +50 External < 10W L1 (ER) GPS Time & Frequency

5 min 2 min < 1 min 2 1 Ethernet, 1 RS-232 10/100 Base-T, 19200 0 to +50 External < 7W L1 (ER) GPS Time & Frequency

5 min 2 min < 1 min 2 1 Ethernet, 1 RS-232 10/100 Base-T, 19200 0 to +50 External < 7W L1 (ER) NTP and PTP/IEEE-1588

5 min 2 min < 1 min 2 1 Ethernet, 1 RS-232 10/100 Base-T, 19200 0 to +50 External < 7W L1 (ER) NTP and PTP/IEEE-1588

ext external, active

<40s <38s <3s 4 RS-232, CMOS -40 to +85 ext <1W external, active SAASM




mode


satellites tracked


application 1




Time

(nanosec)

Position Àx update

rate (sec)

FEI-Zyfer

www.fei-zyfer.com

CommSync II 12 par. Or 24 par. GPS L1 or L1/L2 24 (SAASM MRU) ADLMMetNOPT1 448mm (17.65”) (19” EIA

Rack) x 134mm (5.25”)

(3U) x 381mm (15.0”)

25 lbs max Autonomous <50ns Peak 1

CommSync II-D 12 par. Or 24 par. GPS L1 or L1/L2 24 (SAASM MRU) ADLMMetNOPT1 448mm (17.65”) (19” EIA

Rack) x 87mm (3.50”)

(2U) x 381mm (15.0”)


GSync 12 par. Or 24 par. GPS L1 or L1/L2 24 (SAASM MRU) ADLMMetNOPT1 448mm (17.65”) (19” EIA

Rack) x 44mm (1.75”)

(1U)x 381mm (15.0”)


GSync II 12 par. Or 24 par. GPS L1 or L1/L2 24 (SAASM MRU) ADLMMetNOPT1 448mm (17.65”) (19” EIA

Rack) x 87mm (3.50”)

(2U) x 381mm (15.0”)


AccuSync II 12 par. Or 24 par. GPS L1 or L1/L2 24 (SAASM MRU) ADLMMetNOPT1 448mm (17.65”) (19” EIA

Rack) x 44mm (1.75”)

(1U) x 305mm (12.0”)


NanoSync IV 12 par. Or 24 par. GPS L1 or L1/L2 24 (SAASM MRU) ADLMMetNOPT12 102mm (4.00”) x 89mm

(3.50”) x 210mm (8.25”)

4.4 lbs Autonomous <50ns Peak 1

NanoSync III 12 par. Or 24 par. GPS L1 or L1/L2 24 (SAASM MRU) ADLMMetNOPT12 102mm (4.00”) x 58mm

(2.25”) x 204mm (8.00”)

3 lbs Autonomous <50ns Peak 1

NanoSync II 12 par. GPS L1 Only 12 ADLMMetNOPT12 109mm (4.3”) x 32mm

(1.25”) x 88mm (3.45”)

0.7 lbs Autonomous <50ns Peak 1

GPStar Plus 12 par. GPS L1 Only 12 ADLMMetNOPT1 448mm (17.65”) (19” EIA

Rack) x 44mm (1.75”)

(1U) x 310mm (12.2”)

7.2 lbs max Autonomous <50ns Peak 1

ftech Radio Frequency System

Corporation

www.f-tech.com.tw

FM03 22 tracking + 66

acquisition

GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS 22 ACHLMNRTV2 11.5 x 13.0 x 2.15mm 2g 3m CEP/1.5mCEP < 100ns RMS 1Hz default, max

up to 10Hz by user

de¿ne

FMP04 22 tracking + 66

acquisition

GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS 22 ACHLMNRV2 26 x 26 x 11.7mm 12.5g 3m CEP/1.5mCEP < 100ns RMS 1Hz default, max

up to 10Hz by user

de¿ne

FMP04-TLP 22 tracking + 66

acquisition


up to 10Hz by user

de¿ne

FMP04-RLP 22 tracking + 66

acquisition


up to 10Hz by user

de¿ne

FMP04-ULP 22 tracking + 66

acquisition


up to 10Hz by user

de¿ne

FM06-TLP 22 tracking + 66

acquisition

GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS 22 ACHLMNRTV2 16 x 16 x 6.7mm 6g 3m CEP/1.5mCEP < 100ns RMS 1Hz default, max

up to 10Hz by user

de¿ne

FM11 22 tracking + 66

acquisition

GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS 22 ACHLMNRTV2 11 x 11 x 2.15mm 2g 3m CEP/1.5mCEP < 100ns RMS 1Hz default, max

up to 10Hz by user

de¿ne

FGM-RLP 22 tracking + 66

acquisition

GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS 22 ACLMNRV2 30 x 34.1 x 8mm 50g 3m CEP/1.5mCEP < 100ns RMS 1Hz default, max

up to 10Hz by user

de¿ne

FGM-ULP 22 tracking + 66

acquisition

GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS 22 ACLMNRV2 30 x 34.1 x 8mm 50g 3m CEP/1.5mCEP < 100ns RMS 1Hz default, max

up to 10Hz by user

de¿ne

FGU04-T 50 GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS 50 ACHLMNRV2 26 x 26 x 11.7mm 12.5g 2.5m CEP 60ns RMS 1Hz default, max

up to 5Hz by user

de¿ne

FGU-RLP 50 GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS 50 ACHLMNRV2 30 x 34.1 x 8mm 50g 2.5m CEP 60ns RMS 1Hz default, max

up to 5Hz by user

de¿ne

FSP04-TLP 48 GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS 48 ACHLMNRV2 26 x 26 x 11.7mm 12.5g na/2.5 m CEP50 < 50ns RMS 1Hz

Furuno

www.furuno.com

GN8421 32 L1 only, C/A–code, SBAS 12 Navigation 22.0 x 22.0 x 3.0mm 1ms (Max) 1

GN85 32 L1 only, C/A–code, SBAS 12 GPS, 2 SBAS Navigation 18.0 x 21.5 x 3.0 mm 1ms (Max) 5Hz

GV84H 32 L1 only, C/A–code 12 Navigation 15.0 x 64.0mm 1

GV85 32 L1 only, C/A–code, SBAS 12 GPS, 2 SBAS Navigation 18.0 x 21.5 x 3.0 mm 1Hz

GT8031 16 L1 only, C/A–code, SBAS 12 Timing/CDMA/Wi-MAX/LTE 33.8 x 20.8 x 6.3mm 30ns @ 2

sigma

1

GT8036 12 L1 only, C/A–code 12 Timing/CDMA/Wi-MAX/LTE 40.0 x 60.0mm 34ns 1

GT85 32 L1 only, C/A–code, SBAS 12 GPS, 2 SBAS Timing/CDMA/Wi-MAX/

LTE/Femto

18.0 x 21.5 x 3.0 mm 30ns @ 2

sigma

1

GT8536 32 L1 only, C/A–code, SBAS 12 GPS, 2 SBAS Timing/CDMA/Wi-MAX/LTE 40.0 x 60.0mm 30ns @ 2

sigma

1

eRideOPUS 5SD 32 L1 only, C/A–code, SBAS 12 GPS, 2 SBAS Automotive/Navigation/Timing 9.0 x 9.0mm 30ns @ 2

sigma

5Hz

eRideOPUS 5FS 32 L1 only, C/A–code, SBAS 12 GPS, 2 SBAS Navigation 6.0 x 6.0mm 5Hz

GF180TC 16 L1 only, C/A–code 12 Timing/CDMA/Wi-MAX/LTE 51 x 51 x 16mm <50g 30ns @ 2

sigma

1

GF8052 16 L1 only, C/A–code, SBAS 12 Timing/CDMA/Wi-MAX/LTE 51 x 51 x 19mm <50g 30ns @ 2

sigma

1

GF8048 16 L1 only, C/A–code 12 Timing/CDMA/Wi-MAX/LTE/

Digital Broadcast

207 x 327 x 98.5mm <3kg 30ns @ 2

sigma

1

GF8557 32 L1 only, C/A–code, SBAS 12 GPS, 2 SBAS Timing/CDMA/Wi-MAX/LTE/

Digital Broadcast

100 x 100 x 28.3mm <120g 30ns @ 2

sigma

1

Geneq inc.

www.sxbluegps.com

SXBlue GNSS 39 channel L1 C/A code & phase, GPS + GLONASS, SBAS 27 DGLMNR1 8.5 x 3.5 x 11.2cm .6 lb 2.5m/60cm/3cm/1cm , 95% na 1 to 10Hz, optional

20Hz

SXBlue II GPS 12 channel L1 C/A code & phase GPS, SBAS 12 DGHLMNR1 8.0 x 4.7 x 14.1cm 1 lb (w/batt.) 2.5m/60cm/3cm/1cm , 95% na 1 to 10Hz, optional

20Hz

SXBlue II GNSS 39 channel L1 GPS C/A code & phase, GPS + GLONASS,

SBAS

27 DGHLMNR1 8.0 x 4.7 x 14.1cm 1 lb (w/batt.) 2.5m/60cm/3cm/1cm , 95% na 1 to 10Hz, optional

20Hz

SXBlue II-L GPS 12 channel L1 C/A code & phase GPS, SBAS, OmniSTAR

VBS

12 + 1 DGHLMNR1 8.0 x 5.6 x 14.1cm 1 lb (w/batt.) 2.5m/80cm/3cm/1cm , 95% na 1 to 10Hz, optional

20Hz

SXBlue II-B GPS 12 channel L1 C/A code & phase GPS, SBAS, DGPS Beacon 12 DGHLMNR1 8.0 x 5.6 x 14.1cm 2 lb (w/batt.) 2.5m/60cm/3cm/1cm , 95% na 1 to 10Hz, optional

20Hz

SXBlue GNSS L1/L2 117 channel L1/L2/(L2C) C/A & P code, GPS + GLONASS,

CP, SBAS

27 DGLMNR1 8.5 x 3.5 x 11.2cm .6 lb 2.5m/60cm/3cm/1cm , 95% na 1Hz, optional 10

& 20Hz

SXBlue III GNSS 117 channel L1/L2/(L2C) C/A & P code, GLONASS, CP, SBAS 27 DGHLMNR1 8.0 x 4.7 x 14.1cm 1 lb (w/batt.) 2.5m/60cm/3cm/1cm , 95% na 1Hz, optional 10

& 20Hz

SXBlue III-L GNSS 117 channel L1/L2/(L2C) C/A & P code, CP, GPS +

GLONASS, SBAS, OmniSTAR VBS/XP/HP/G2

27 + 1 DGHLMNR1 8.0 x 5.6 x 14.1cm 1 lb (w/batt.) 2.5m/60cm/3cm/1cm , 95% na 1Hz, optional 10

& 20Hz

Geodetics Inc.

www.geodetics.com

PDSU All in view GPS L1 C/A code, 24 GPS; (L2 optional) All in view 25 Cubic inches 1.5 lbs < 1m CEP 15 ns 1 sec up to 5Hz

Geo-LDV All in view GPS L1 C/A code, 24 GPS; (L2 optional) All in view 25 Cubic inches 15.8 oz +- [10mm + 0.2mm/km)] horizontal. 2

times less precise in vertical (1 standard

deviation)

15 ns 1 sec up to 10Hz

Geo-Pointer All in view GPS L1 C/A code, 24 GPS; (L2 optional) All in view 40 Cubic inches 15.8 oz < O.01 deg depending on antenna

distance


SAASM RTK All in view Precise Position Service (PPS) Y-code on

both L1 and L2

All in view 85.6 cubic inches 28.7 oz +- [10mm + 0.2mm/km)] horizontal. 2

times less precise in vertical (1 standard

deviation)


GlobalTop Technology

www.gtop-tech.com

FGPMMOPA6C 66 Channels All in

View Tracking

GPS L1 C/A code 66 ACDGHLMMetNPRSTV2 16 x 16 x 6.2mm Weight< 6g Without aid: 3.0m (50% CEP); DGPS

(SBAS(WAAS,EGNOS,MSAS)): 2.5m

(50% CEP)

10 ns RMS Up to 10Hz(Default:

1Hz)

FGPMMOPA6H as above GPS L1 C/A code 66 ACDGHLMMetNPRSTV2 16 x 16 x 4.7mm Weight< 4g Without aid: 3.0m (50% CEP); DGPS


(50% CEP)


1Hz)




(degrees Celsius)


(Watts)


< 20 min < 2 min < 2 min 4 RS-232/Ethernet/GbE 19.2K 0 to +50 C Ext Varies Active L1 or L1/L2 GPS Timing System - Modular, redundant, 13 expansion

slots

< 20 min < 2 min < 2 min 4 RS-232/Ethernet/GbE 19.2K 0 to +50 C Ext Varies Active L1 or L1/L2 GPS Timing System - Modular, redundant, 8 expansion slots

< 20 min < 2 min < 2 min 3 RS-232/Ethernet/GbE 19.2K 0 to +50 C Ext Varies Active L1 or L1/L2 GPS Timing System - Modular 4 expansion slots

< 20 min < 2 min < 2 min 3 RS-232/Ethernet/GbE 19.2K 0 to +50 C Ext Varies Active L1 or L1/L2 GPS Timing System - Modular, 8 expansion slots

< 20 min < 2 min < 2 min 3 RS-232/Ethernet 19.2K 0 to +50 C Ext Varies Active L1 or L1/L2 GPS Timing System - Multiple ¿xed time and frequency

outputs with PTP/NTP

< 20 min < 2 min < 2 min 2 RS-232/Ethernet 19.2K 0 to +50 C Ext 25W @ 25° C steady state Active L1 or L1/L2 Small form, Rubidium and C/A or SAASM PNT engine with

1PPS/10MHz/NTP/PTP

< 20 min < 2 min < 2 min 1 RS-232 19.2K 0 to +50 C Ext 5W @ 25° C steady state Active L1 or L1/L2 Small form, OCXO and C/A or SAASM PNT engine with

1PPS/10MHz

< 20 min < 2 min < 2 min 1 RS-232 19.2K 0 to +50 C Ext 10W @ 25° C steady state Active L1 Small Form and OEM GPSDO with 1PPS/10MHz

< 20 min < 2 min < 2 min 1 RS-232 Selectable 0 to +50 C Ext 50W @ 25° C steady state Active L1 1U Rackmount, GPS Event Trigger and Time Tag capability

<35s <34s <1s 1 UART 4800–115200 -40 to +85 ext 30mA at 3.3V ext., active or passive MT3329 chipset, very high senstivity at -165dBM

<35s <34s <1s 1 UART 4800–115200 -40 to +85 ext / built-in

backup battery

36mA at 3.3v active internal antenna as above


backup battery

24mA at 3.3V active internal antenna as above

<35s <34s <1s 1 RS232 4800–115200 -40 to +85 ext / built-in

backup battery


<35s <34s <1s 1 USB 4800–115200 -40 to +85 ext / built-in

backup battery


<35s <34s <1s 1 UART 4800–115200 -40 to +85 ext 24mA at 3.3V active internal antenna as above

<35s <34s <1s 2 UART 4800–115200 -40 to +85 ext 19mA at 3.3V ext., active or passive as above

<35s <34s <1s 1 UART/RS232 4800–115200 -40 to +85 ext 37mA at 3.3V active internal antenna Smart antenna model, multi type connector and various

cable length availavle

<35s <34s <1s 1 USB 4800–115200 -40 to +85 ext 37mA at 3.3V active internal antenna Smart antenna model, multi type connector and various



backup battery

45mA at 3.3V active internal antenna uBlox AMY-6M

<27s <27s <1s 1 UART/RS232 4800–115200 -40 to +85 ext / built-in

backup battery

45mA at 3.3V active internal antenna Smart antenna model, multi type connector and various


<35s 35s <1s 1 UART 4800/9600 -40 to +85 ext / built-in

backup battery

24mA at 3.3V active internal antenna SiRF/CSR Star IV chipset GSD4e

38s 33s 2s 1 NMEA 9600 –40 to +85 ext Passive

38s 33s 2s 1 NMEA 4800-115200; –40 to +85 ext Passive or Active

45s 34s 2s 1 NMEA 9600 –30 to +85 ext Direct mount, passive. High

performance Dead Reckoning.

High performance Dead Reckoning, Antenna directly

mounted

38s 33s 2s 2 UART1 (for NMEA Input/Output); UART2/

I2C selectable (for IMU sensor data input),

Wheel tick capable

115200 –40 to +85 ext Passive or Active High performance Dead Reckoning (Fusion)

44.9s 36s 8.4s 1 NMEA 9600 –30 to +80 ext Active

52s 37s 9s 1 M12 (Motorola) compatible 9600 –40 to +85 ext Active M12 (Motorola) compatible

70s 70s 5s 1 NMEA or M12 (Motorola compatible)

¿rmware selectable

4800-115200; –40 to +85 ext Active M12 (Motorola) compatible

70s 70s 5s 1 NMEA or M12 (Motorola compatible)

command selectable

4800-115200; –40 to +85 ext Active M12 (Motorola) compatible

33s 30s 1s NMEA 4800-115200; –40 to +85 ext Passive or Active Timing software available

32s 30s 1s NMEA 4800-115200; –40 to +85 ext Passive or Active Built-in Àash

- - 1 Board to Board Connector; (10MHz,

1PPS, NMEA, TOD)

9600 –40 to +85 ext <0.7W Active GPS Disciplined 10MHz via TCXO oscillator; Master/

Slave Function

1 Board to Board Connector; (10MHz,

1PPS, NMEA, TOD)

9600 –20 to +80 ext Warm up:<6W; Steady

state :<3W

Active GPS Disciplined 10MHz via OXCO oscillator; Master/Slave

Function; Hold Over:<±260 usec / 24h

2+18 Serial (DSUB9pin) ; Alarm (DSUB 15pin);

9BNC(10MHz), 9BNC(1PPS)

4,800 - 230,400 -40 to +70 ext; (internal

battery is available

for short term

powerdown)

Warm up:<63W; Steady

state :<25W

Active GPS Disciplined 10MHz via ; Ribidium oscillator (Low Phase

Noise); Master/Slave Function; Hold Over:<±400 nsec / 1h;

( <±3 usec / 24h)

- - 2 Board to Board Connector; (10MHz,

1PPS, NMEA, TOD); MCX Connector

(10MHz)

4,800 - 115,200 -40 to +85 ext Warm up:<14W; Steady

state :<8W

Active GPS Disciplined 10MHz via OXCO oscillator; Hold

Over:<±8usec/24h

60s 35s <1s 2 Bluetooth, RS-232 (all independent) 4,800 - 230,400 -40 to +85 Ext (5V, 12V

or 24V)

3.2 W L1 GNSS Active The SXBlue series make optimal use of SBAS signals for

ground users

60s 35s <1s 3 Bluetooth, USB, RS-232 (all independent) 4,800 - 115,200 -40 to +85 Integrated battery 1.9 W L1 GPS Active to provide submeter realtime positioning all the time

60s 35s <1s 3 Bluetooth, USB, RS-232 (all independent) 4,800 - 115,200 -40 to +85 Integrated battery 3.3 W L1 GNSS Active to provide submeter realtime positioning all the time

60s 35s <1s 3 Bluetooth, USB, RS-232 (all independent) 4,800 - 230,400 -40 to +70 Integrated battery 2.9 W L1 GPS/LBand Active Worldwide Portable OmniSTAR receiver (VBS Service).

Integrated Battery.

60s 35s <1s 3 Bluetooth, USB, RS-232 (all independent) 4,800 - 230,400 -40 to +85 Integrated battery 2.5 W Combined L1 GPS/DGPS Beacon Portable DGPS Beacon receiver. Integrated battery.

60s 35s <1s 2 Bluetooth, RS-232 (all independent) 4,800 - 230,400 -40 to +85 Ext (5V, 12V

or 24V)

3.3 W L1/L2 GNSS Active Dual Frequency GPS+GLONASS (external power)

60s 35s <1s 3 Bluetooth, USB, RS-232 (all independent) 172 Kbps -20 to +60 (batttery) Integrated battery 3.3 W L1/L2 GNSS Active Dual Frequency RTK GPS+GLONASS. Integrated battery.

60s 35s <1s 3 Bluetooth, USB, RS-232 (all independent) -20 to +60 (batttery) Integrated battery 3.9 W L1/L2/LBand GNSS Active Dual Frequency GNSS, Worldwide 10cm with OmniSTAR G2

service. Integrated battery.

<<34s <33s <1s 2 Serial, Ethernet, RF link TDMA -20 to +60 (batttery) ext/int (LIPO) 39ma External (user provided); will

support active or passive

Ruggedized for dismounted soldeir operations and low

dynamic vehicle

<<34s <33s <1s 2 Serial, Ethernet, RF link TDMA Input power 10-30

volts DC

External (user provided); will


Real-time navigation system for dynamic platforms

<<34s <33s <1s 3 Serial, Ethernet 4800/9600/14400/19200/

38400/57600/115200 bps

Avaliable

–40 to +85 Input power 10-30

volts DC



High-accuracy, real-time heading system for dynamic

platforms based on GPS antennae mounted on a platform to

compute precise heading and pitch information.

Serial, Ethernet as above –40 to +85 Input power 10-30

volts DC



high-accuracy GPS capabilities using the military Precise

Position Service (PPS) Y-code on both L1 and L2.

<<35s <33s <1s 1 UART as above –40 to +85 ext 66 mW Ceramic Patch Antenna MTK (MediaTek) 3339 chipset, low power consumption,

advanced software supported

<<35s <33s <1s 1 UART as above –40 to +85 ext 66 mW 1. Ceramic Patch Antenna; 2.

Support for External Antenna

MTK (MediaTek) 3339 chipset, additional ext antenna

supported




mode


satellites tracked


application 1




Time

(nanosec)

Position Àx update

rate (sec)

GlobalTop Technology

continued

Gmm-u2p as above GPS L1 C/A code 66 ACDGHLMMetNPRSTV2 9 x 12.7 x 2.1mm Weight< 1g as above 10 ns RMS Up to 10Hz(Default:

1Hz)

FGPMMOSL3C as above GPS L1 C/A code 66 ACDGHLMMetNPRSTV2 11.5 x 13 x 2.1mm Weight< 2g as above 10 ns RMS Up to 10Hz(Default:

1Hz)

Gmm-g3 99 channels GPS/Glonass/Galieo (on request) 99 ACDGHLMMetNPRSTV2 11.5 x 13 x 2.1mm Weight< 1g Without aid: 3.0m (50% CEP); DGPS


(50% CEP)


1Hz)

Hemisphere GPS

www.hemispheregps.com

MBX–4 2 ind. RTCM SC–104 na GLMNPV1 4.9 x 2.0 x 5.9in 1.4 lb na/na/na/na na na

SBX–4 (OEM) 2 par. RTCM SC–104 na GLMNPV2 2.0 x 0.54 x 3.0in 0.06 lb na/na/na/na na na

A101 12 par. L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS) 12 AGLMNPRV1 5.7 x 4.1in 1.23 lb 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 50 0.05

R100 12 par. L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS) 12 AGLMNPRV1 4.5 x 1.8 x 6.3in 1.2 lb 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 50 0.05

R110 12 par. L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS) and Beacon 12 AGLMNPRV1 4.5 x 1.8 x 6.3in 1.2 lb 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 50 0.05

R120 12 par. + 1 L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS), L-Band 12 + 1 AGLMNPRV1 4.5 x 1.8 x 6.3in 1.2 lb 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 50 0.05

R131 12 par. + 1 L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS), Beacon

and L-Band

12 + 1 AGLMNPRV1 4.5 x 2.8 x 7.4in 1.9 lb 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 50 0.05

P102 (Crescent (OEM)) 12 par. L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS) 12 AGLMNPRV2 1.6 x 0.5 x 2.8in 0.06 lb 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 50 0.05

H101 (Crescent Vector II ) 12 par. (x2) L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS) 12 AGLMNPV2 2.8 x 1.1 x 4.3in 0.12 lb 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 50 0.05

H102 12 par. (x2) L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS) 12 AGLMNPV2 14.8 x 4.1 x 1.0in 8.8 oz 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 50 0.05

VS101 12 par. (x2) L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS) 12 AGLMNPV1 4.5 x 2.8 x 7.4in 1.9 lb 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 50 0.05

PA300 117 par L1/L2, C/A & P code & CP, (SBAS) and

GLONASS

27 AGLMNPRV2 3.2 x 2.0 x 1.5in <4.7 oz 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 20 0.05

P300 117 par L1/L2, C/A & P code & CP, (SBAS) and

GLONASS


P301 117 par L1/L2, C/A & P code & CP, (SBAS) and

GLONASS


P320 (Eclipse II (OEM)) 117 par. + 1 L1/L2, C/A & P code & CP, (SBAS), L-Band

and GLONASS

27 + 1 AGLMNPRV2 2.8 x 0.5 x 4.3in <2.5 oz 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 20 0.05

H320 117 par. (x2) + 1 L1/L2, C/A & P code & CP, (SBAS), L-Band

and GLONASS

27 + 1 AGLMNPV2 2.8 x 0.5 x 6.0in <3.0 oz 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 20 0.05

R320 117 par. + 1 L1/L2, C/A & P code & CP, (SBAS), L-Band

and GLONASS

27 + 1 AGLMNPRV1 4.5 x 1.8 x 6.3in 1.4 lb 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 20 0.05

S320 117 par. + 1 L1/L2, C/A & P code & CP, (SBAS), L-Band

and GLONASS

27 + 1 AGLMNPRV1 4.5 x 7.8in 3.3 lb 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 20 0.05

V102 12 par. (x2) L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS) 12 AGLMNPV1 16.4 x 6.2 x 2.7in 3.3 lb 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/na 1-sigma 50 0.05

V103 12 par. (x2) L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS) 12 AGLMNPV1 8.2 x 5.7 x 26.1in 5.4 lb 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 50 0.05

A325 117 par. + 1 L1/L2, C/A & P code & CP, (SBAS), L-Band

and GLONASS

27 AGLMNPRV1 4.09 x 5.7in 19.7 oz 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 20 0.05

IFEN GmbH

www.ifen.com

SX-NSR user-de¿ned;

Multi- & vector-;

correlator

up to 8 (with 2nd RF front-end)) signal chains

tracked in real-time in parallel GPS L1 C/A, L2

P, L2C, L5 Galileo E1, E5a, E5b, E5 AltBOC, E6

GLONASS G1 C/A, G2 C/A BEIDOU ready

user-de¿ned LNP1 15.7 x 6.9 x 18.0cm 3.5 lb ~10m (95%); Code accuracy: <20cm;

Carrier accuracy: < 1mm

<10 ns up to 25Hz PVT

NavX-NTR 120 par.; Narrow;

correlator

GPS L1 C/A, L2 P, L2C, L5, Galileo E1, E5ab, E6,

GLONASS G1 C/A & P

60 NP1 19” x 2HU x 33cm 19.8 lb ~10m (95%) <10 ns 10Hz PVT

ikeGPS

www.ikeGPS.com

ike100 16ch GPS L1 C/A code, CP 16 GPS 16 DGH1 28x11x6 0.6m CEP (SBAS)/1.5m CEP

autonomous

na 1Hz PVT


autonomous

na 1Hz PVT


autonomous

na 1Hz PVT

Interstate Electronics Corporation

www.iechome.com

TruTrak for projectile 12 dedicated or

multiplexed

L1 only, L2 optional C/A– and P–code, Y–code 12 D 6.2 x 3.9 x 0.5in <0.25 lb ITAR Controlled - Data available

upon request

100 0.5

TruTrak Locator 12 dedicated L1/L2 C/A and P(Y) 12 D 4.0 x 2.3 (Àares to 2.65)

x 0.495in

<0.25 lb ITAR Controlled - Data available

upon request

100 1

TruTrak Munitions 12 dedicated or

multiplexed

L1/L2 C/A and P(Y) 12 D 3.42 x 3.42 x 0.495in <0.25 lb ITAR Controlled - Data available

upon request

100 0.5 or 1

TruTrak Evolution DS 24 dedicated L1/L2 C/A and P(Y) 12 D 1.75 x 2.45in 35g ITAR Controlled - Data available

upon request

Data available

upon request

Data available upon

request

TruTrak Evolution SS 12 dedicated L1 C/A and P(Y) 12 D 3.07 x 0.93in with tabs

to 1.49in

23g ITAR Controlled - Data available

upon request

as above as above

TruTrak Type II 24 dedicated L1/L2 C/A and P(Y) 12 D 1.76 x 0.368 x 2.45 35g ITAR Controlled - Data avliable

upon request

40 ns

TruTrak DM 24 dedicated L1/L2 C/A and P(Y) 12 D 2.46 x 0.347 x 2.49 ITAR Controlled - Data avliable

upon request

40 ns

Inventek Systems

www.inventeksys.com

ISM300F2-C4.1 20 par Channel

(200,000 correlators)

GPS L1 C/A code, 24 GPS 12 ACDGHLMNO 18 x 18 x 3.1mm 3.5g 5m, 2DRMS 1us 1Hz PVT

ISM300F2-C5.1-V0002 20 par Channel












EZ-GPS 20 par Channel


GPS L1 C/A code, 24 GPS 12 ACDGHLMNO 18 x 18 x 12mm 7g 5m, 2DRMS 1us 1Hz PVT

ISM420 48 Track veri¿cation

channels

GPS L1 C/A code, 48 GPS 24 ACDGHLMNO 9.5 x 10.5 x 2.5mm 3g 5m, 2DRMS 1us 1Hz PVT


channels

GPS L1 C/A code, 48 GPS 24 ACDGHLMNO 12.5 x 15.0 x 2.5mm 5 f\g 5m, 2DRMS 1us 1Hz or 5Hz PVT


channels

GPS L1 C/A code, 48 GPS 24 ACDGHLMNO 16.5 x 16.5 x 7.0mm 5 f\g 5m, 2DRMS 1us 1Hz or 5Hz PVT

Jackson Labs Technologies, Inc.

www.jackson-labs.com

SAASM CSAC (SAASM

Chip Scale Cesium Atomic

Clock) GPSDO

12 par. L2, L1, Y(P), C/A, SAASM 12 ADLMMETNOT2 3 x 2.9 x 1in <3 Oz <2m RMS <15ns RMS 1Hz

HD CSAC (Chip Scale

Cesium Atomic Clock)

SWAP optimized GPSDO

50 par. L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS 50 ADLMMETNOT2 2 x 2.5 x 0.5in <2 Oz <2m RMS <15ns RMS 1Hz

CSAC (Chip Scale Cesium

Atomic Clock) GPSDO

50 par. L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS 50 ADLMMETNOT2 3 x 2.5 x 0.5in <2 Oz <2m RMS <15ns RMS 1Hz

FireFly-IIA 10MHz GPSDO 50 par. L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS 50 ADLMMETNOTV2 1.5 x 3 x 1in 1.74 Oz <2m RMS <30ns RMS 1Hz

FireFly-IIB 10MHz GPSDO 50 par. L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS 50 ADLMMETNOTV2 1.5 x 3 x 1in 1.74 Oz <2m RMS <30ns RMS 1Hz

Fury-DOCXO 10MHz

GPSDO

12 par. L1, C/A 12 ADLMMETNOT2 10.0 x 10.0 x 2.6cm 0.25lb <5m RMS <2ns RMS 1Hz

Fury-SOCXO 10MHz

GPSDO

12 par. L1, C/A 12 ADLMMETNOT2 10.0 x 10.0 x 2.6cm 0.25lb <5m RMS <2ns RMS 1Hz

FireFly-1A 16MHz GPSDO 50 par. L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS 50 ADLMMETNOTV2 1.0 x 2.5 x 0.5in 0.64 Oz <2m RMS <30ns RMS 1Hz

FireFly-1A 10MHz GPSDO 50 par. L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS 50 ADLMMETNOTV2 1.0 x 2.5 x 0.5in 0.64 Oz <2m RMS <30ns RMS 1Hz

FireFly-II 10MHz GPSDO 50 par. L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS 50 ADLMMETNOTV2 1.5 x 3.0 x 0.8in 1.74 Oz <2m RMS <30ns RMS 1Hz

FireFly-IIA Ruggedized,

low-g 10MHz GPSDO

50 par. L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS 50 ADLMMETNOTV2 1.5 x 3.0 x 0.8in 2 Oz <2m RMS <30ns RMS 1Hz




(degrees Celsius)


(Watts)


<<35s <33s <1s 2 UART as above –40 to +85 ext 50 mW ext MTK (MediaTek) 3339 chipset, low power consumption,

advanced software supported

<<35s <33s <1s 2 UART 4,800–9,600 –30 to +70 ext 50 mW ext MTK (MediaTek) 3339 chipset, additional ext antenna

supported

<<35s <33s <1s 2 UART 4,800–115,200 –30 to +70 ext 96 mW ext MTK (MediaTek) 3333 chipset, additional ext antenna

supported

<60s <2s 2s 1 RS-232 or RS-422 4,800–115,200 –40 to +70 External 2.5 Beacon (ER) (included) 61108-4 compliant beacon receiver

<60s 30s <10s 2 3.3 V HCMOS 4,800–115,200 –30 to +70 External <0.25 Beacon (ER) 61108-4 compliant beacon board with database search

receiver module

60s 30s <10s 2 RS-232, CAN 4,800–115,200 –30 to +70 External <3 Integrated GPS+SBAS GPS and SBAS smart antenna

60s 30s <10s 3 RS-232, USB 4,800–115,200 –30 to +70 External <3 GPS + SBAS + LBand (ER) (inc.) GPS and SBAS receiver

60s 30s <10s 3 RS-232, USB 4,800–115,200 –30 to +70 External <3 GPS + SBAS + LBand (ER) (inc.) GPS, Beacon and SBAS receiver

60s 30s <10s 3 RS-232, USB 4,800–115,200 –30 to +70 External <3 GPS + Beacon + SBAS (ER) (inc.) GPS, OmniSTAR and SBAS receiver

60s 30s <10s 3 RS-232, USB 4,800–115,200 –30 to +70 External <3 GPS + SBAS + LBand (ER) (inc.) GPS, OmniSTAR, Beacon and SBAS receiver

60s 30s <10s 4 3.3 V HCMOS 4,800–115,200 –30 to +70 External <1.0 GPS + SBAS (ER) GPS and SBAS receiver module

60s 30s <10s 4 3.3 V HCMOS 4,800–115,200 –30 to +70 External <1 GPS + SBAS (ER) GPS and SBAS compass receiver module

60s 30s <10s 2 RS-232 4,800–115,200 –40 to +70 External <3 GPS + SBAS (ER) GPS and SBAS compass receiver module

60s 30s <10s 2 RS-232 4,800–115,200 –30 to +70 External <5 GPS + SBAS (ER) (included) GPS and SBAS compass computes heading < 0.1° accuracy

(optional beacon differential)

60s 30s <10s 2 3.3 V HCMOS 4,800–115,200 –30 to +70 External <1.9 GPS + SBAS + GLONASS (ER) L1/L2 GPS & GLONASS and SBAS receiver module

60s 30s <10s 4 3.3 V HCMOS, USB 4,800–115,200 –40 to +85 External <1.9 GPS + SBAS + GLONASS (ER) L1/L2 GPS & GLONASS and SBAS receiver module

60s 30s <10s 4 3.3 V HCMOS, USB 4,800–115,200 –30 to +70 External <1.9 GPS + SBAS + GLONASS (ER) L1/L2 GPS & GLONASS and SBAS receiver module

60s 30s <10s 5 3.3 V HCMOS, USB 4,800–115,200 –40 to +70 External <2.5 GPS + SBAS + Lband +

GLONASS (ER)

L1/L2 GPS & GLONASS, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP/G2, and

SBAS receiver module

60s 30s <10s 5 3.3 V HCMOS, USB 4,800–115,200 –30 to +70 External <3.25 GPS + SBAS + Lband +

GLONASS (ER)

L1/L2 GPS & GLONASS, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP/G2

compass receiver module

60s 30s <10s 4 RS-232, USB 4,800–115,200 –30 to +70 External <4.3 GPS + SBAS + Lband + GLONASS

(ER) (inc.)


SBAS receiver

60s 30s <10s 6 RS-232 (Multi-Use), RS-232, Bluetooth,

USB, Bluetooth, SD

4,800–38,400 –30 to +70 Internal w/ Option

of External

Rover: 4.4 Base Tx

UHF: 7

Integrated GPS + SBAS + Lband +

GLONASS (ER)


SBAS Samrt Antenna

60s 30s <10s 2 RS-232 4,800–115,200 -40 to +70 External <3 GPS + SBAS GPS and SBAS compass receiver

60s 30s <10s 2 RS-232 480 Mbps USB 0 to +50 External <5 Integrated GPS + SBAS GPS ans SBAS compass receiver with integrated antennas

(optional beacon differential)

60s 30s <10s 2 RS-232, Bluetooth, CAN 10/100 Mbps -10 to +60 External <4.6 GPS + SBAS + Lband + GLONASS

(ER) (inc.)


SBAS receiver module

<55s <10s <1s 1 (2) 1 USB 2.0; (2 USB 2.0 with 2nd RF

front-end)

-10 to +50 external <7.5W (<15W with 2nd

RF front-end)

Active, external Multi-frequency real-time software receiver with heading

(dual antenna) feature and external sensor data interface;;

includes an external notebook

<60s <30s <1s 1 1 Ethernet -10 to +50 ext (AC/DC) 90W Active, external Monitoring and reference station apps

<35s <20s <5s 1 USB, RS232 -10 to +50 int na Internal Patch internal Laser range¿nder (100m), compass and camera. For

measuring remote positions and dimensions from images

<35s <20s <5s 1 USB, RS232 153.6k (nominal) –42 to +85 int na Internal Patch internal Laser range¿nder (300m), compass and camera. For

measuring remote positions and dimensions from images

<35s <20s <5s 1 USB, RS232 9,600 (nominal) –20 to +70 int na Internal Patch internal Laser range¿nder (1000m), compass and

camera. For measuring remote positions and dimensions

from images

120s 35s 5s 2 RS-422, TTL 153.6k (nominal) –40 to +85 ext 3 (typ) E

120s 35s 5s 2 Serial RS-232 Serial TTL - CDU (debug) Data available upon

request

Data available upon

request

ext 3 (typ) E

120s 35s 5s 2 Serial RS-422 Serial TTL - CDU (debug) as above as above ext 3 (typ) E

Data available

upon request

Data available

upon request

Data available upon

request

3 COM1 ( either RS-232 or CMOS), COM2

(CMOS), DS-101/102, TOD and 1PPS

Input power

3.3 VDC

Data available upon

request

Two active Fully security approved con¿guration

as above as above as above 3 1 x RS 232 and 2 x CMOS serial ports,

DS-101,TOD and 1-10PPS

as above as above Passive as above

- 40 to +85

<120s <60 Data Avaliable on

request

8 serial data ports, 2RS - 232 2 SPI ( 7

slaves) 2 SDLC AMRAAM IMU Ports 21

general purpose I/O Extrenal 10MHz input

- 40 to +85 3.3 1.5 Passive and Active

4800 NMEA and 57,600

SiRF Binary

–40to +85

Data avliable on

request

Data avliable on request 5 x RS - 422 supports SDLC/AMRAAM

DS101/102 TOD & 1PPS

4800 NMEA and 57,600

SiRF Binary

–40to +85 3.3 2 Passive

<<35 <<35 100ms 2 UARTS up to 115200 Kbps 4800 NMEA and 57,600

SiRF Binary

–40to +85 3.0-5V dc 100 mW acquisition, 65

mW tracking

Active direct connect via U.FL or

Pin 1 trace

Standard Firmware with -159 dBm tracking mode.

<<35s <<35s 100ms 1 UART NMEA 57600 SBAS enabled 4800 NMEA and 57,600

SiRF Binary

–40to +85 3.0-5V dc 25 mA tracking Active direct connect via U.FL or

Pin 1 trace

Standard Firmware with -159 dBm tracking mode.

<<35s <<35s 100ms 2 NMEA 4800, Sirf Binary 57600 MID41 only 4800 NMEA and 57,600

SiRF Binary


Pin 1 trace

MID41 only

<<35s <<35s 100ms 2 Sirf Binary 57600, NMEA 4800, High

Altitude Build 42000 meters

4800 NMEA and 57,600

SiRF Binary


Pin 1 trace

High Altitude for Balloons

<<35s <<35s 100ms 2 Sirf Binary 115200, NMEA 57600,

5Hz outpu

4800 NMEA, 57,600

OSP, ROM

–35 to +85 3.0-5V dc 25 mA tracking Active direct connect via U.FL or

Pin 1 trace

True 5Hz output

<<35s <<35s 100ms 1 UART NMEA 4800 4800 NMEA, 57,600

OSP - Prog.

–35 to +85 3.0-5V dc 25 mA tracking SMA tp actoive antennna USB dongle with external GPS

<<35s <<8s 100ms 1 SPI,UART,I2C 4800 NMEA, 5,7600

OSP - Prog.

–35 to +85 1.8 V dc 10 mW trickle mode Ext. passive antenna, surface

mount device

Integrated LNA, Low Cost ROM based.

<<35s <<8s 100ms 1 SPI,UART,I2C 9,600 - 115,200 -45 to +85’ 1.8 V dc 10 mW trickle mode Ext. passive antenna, surface

mount device

Integrated LNA, Flashed based,SGEE and CGEE capability

<<35s <<8s 100ms 1 SPI,UART,I2C 9,600 - 115,200 -45 to +85’ 1.8 V dc 10 mW trickle mode Integrated ceramic Antenna 12 pin connector, fully integrated stand alone GPS with anti

jamming, SGEE and CGEE

<45s <1s <1s 2 DS101 Key-Port, RS-232, USB, Alarm,

10MHz, 5MHz, 1PPS, LCD port

9,600 - 115,200 -45 to +85’ 8.0-36.0 V <2.7W 5V SAASM GPS with Y(P) code (Keyed), C/A code, and Chip

Scale Cesium Atomic Clock, two NMEA and SCPI ports

<45s <1s <1s 2 RS-232, Alarm, 10MHz, 1PPS 9,600 - 115,200 -20 to +85’ 11.0-14.0 V <1.2W 5V Chip Scale Cesium Atomic Clock with GPS Disciplining, low

Size Weight And Power optimized

<45s <1s <1s 2 RS-232, USB, Alarm, 10MHz, 5MHz,

1PPS, LCD port

9,600 - 115,200 -20 to +85’ 8.0-36.0 V <1.4W 5V Chip Scale Cesium Atomic Clock with GPS Disciplining,

two NMEA and SCPI ports, and Distribution Ampli¿er with

5 isolated outputs

<45s <1s <1s 1 RS-232, Alarm, 10MHz, 1PPS 9,600 - 115,200 -20 to +85’ 11.0-14.0 V <3.5W 5V Built-In 10MHz Distribution Ampli¿er, 3-Axis Accelerometer,

low-g option

<45s <1s <1s 1 RS-232, Alarm, 10MHz, 1PPS 9,600 - 115,200 -20 to +85’ 11.0-14.0 V <3.5W 5V Built-In 4-channel 10MHz Distribution Ampli¿er, low

vibration sensitivity

<150s <40s <1s 1 RS-232, Alarm, 10MHz, 1PPS 9,600 - 115,200 -20 to +85’ 11.0-14.0 V <4.5W 3.3V or 5V Rubidium Oscillator Replacement

<150s <40s <1s 1 RS-232, Alarm, 10MHz, 1PPS 9,600 - 115,200 -20 to +85’ 11.0-14.0 V <4.5W 3.3V or 5V Better than 1E-012 stability

<45s <1s <1s 1 RS-232, Alarm, 16MHz, 1PPS 9,600 - 115,200 -20 to +85’ 8.0-14.0 V <1.4W 3.3V Ultra small and light, 16MHz output

<45s <1s <1s 1 RS-232, Alarm, 10MHz, 1PPS 9,600 - 115,200 -20 to +85’ 8.0-14.0 V <1.4W 3.3V Ultra small and light GPS Disciplined Oscillator

<45s <1s <1s 1 RS-232, Alarm, 10MHz, 1PPS 9,600 - 115,200 -20 to +85’ 11.0-14.0 V <3.5W 3.3V 3D velocity, stability: <1E-011

<45s <1s <1s 1 RS-232, Alarm, 10MHz, 1PPS 9,600 - 115,200 -20 to +85’ 11.0-14.0 V <3.5W 3.3V Mil rugged, stability <1E-011, <3E-010 per-g sensitivity




mode


satellites tracked


application 1




Time

(nanosec)

Position Àx update

rate (sec)

Jackson Labs Technologies, Inc.

continued

ULN-2550

25MHz/100MHz/10MHz

GPSDO

50 par. L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS 50 ADLMMETNOTV2 1.5 x 3.5 x 0.8in 1.8 Oz <2m RMS <30ns RMS 1Hz

ULN-1100 100MHz GPSDO 50 par. L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS 50 ADLMMETNOTV2 1.5 x 4 x 1in 1.8 Oz <2m RMS <30ns RMS 1Hz

EuroCan GPSOCXO

10MHz/16MHz


EuroCan GPSTCXO

10MHz/16MHz


USB GPSTCXO 10MHz 50 par. L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS 50 ADLMMETNOTV2 3 x 2 x 0.5in 2 Oz <2m RMS <30ns RMS 1Hz

Mini-JLT GPSDO 50 par. L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS 50 ADLMMETNOTV2 5.05 x 1.38 x 0.7in 2 Oz <2m RMS <15ns RMS 1Hz

LC_XO GPSDO 10MHz 50 par. L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS 50 ADLMMETNOTV2 0.97x0.97x0.5 <1 Oz <2m RMS <30ns RMS 1Hz

Japan Radio Co., Ltd.

www.jrc.co.jp/eng/

GPS9 Series: CCA-700 16 channels +

search channel

GPS/Galileo/SBAS/Quasi-zenith 16 CHLMNPV2 12.4mm(D) x 12.4mm(W)

x 2.5mm(H)

0.7g (approx) 2.3m typ;./2.0m typ;./na; (CEP) na 1Hz

JAVAD GNSS

www.javad.com

TRIUMPH-1 216 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A/E5B;

GLONASS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L3; SBAS L1/L5;

QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1/E5B

all in view 1AGLMTNPROMet 178 x 96 x 178mm 1700 g <2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5

ppm

3 100Hz

TRIUMPH-VS 216 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A/E5B;



all in view 1GHLMTNPROMet 178 x 109 x 110mm 1700 g <2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; ; 0.3cm+0.5

ppm

3 100Hz

TRIUMPH-NT 216 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A/E5B;



all in view 1GHLMTNPROMet 178 x 100 x 110mm 1700 g <2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5

ppm

3 100Hz

TRUIMPH-4X 216 4x GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; 4x Galileo E1/E5A;

4x SBAS L1/L5; 4x QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C;

4x Compass E1

all in view 1AGLMTNPROMet 178 x 93 x 178mm 1850 g <2m/<0.5m /0.6cm+1 ppm/;

0.3cm+0.5 ppm

3 20Hz

Alpha G3 216 GPS CA; Galileo E1; GLONASS CA; SBAS L1;

QZSS CA/SAIF/L1C; Compass E1


0.5cm+1.5ppm

3 100Hz

Alpha G2T 216 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A; SBAS

L1/L5; QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1

all in view 1AGLMTNPROMet 148 x 85 x 35mm 435 g <2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5ppm 3 100Hz

Alpha G3T 216 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A;

GLONASS CA/P1/P2/L2C; SBAS L1/L5; QZSS

CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1


ppm

3 100Hz

Alpha2-G3 216 GPS CA; Galileo E1; GLONASS CA; SBAS L1;



0.5cm+1.5 ppm

3 100Hz

Alpha2-G2 216 GPS CA; Galileo E1; SBAS L1; QZSS CA/SAIF/

L1C; Compass E1


0.5cm+1.5 ppm

3 100Hz

Alpha2-G2T 216 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A; SBAS



ppm

3 100Hz

Alpha2-G3T 216 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A;




ppm

3 100Hz

Delta G2T 216 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A; SBAS



ppm

3 100Hz

Delta G3T 216 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A/E5B;




ppm

3 100Hz

Delta-G3TAJ 216 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A/E5B;




ppm

3 100Hz

Delta D-G2 216 2x GPS CA; 2x Galileo E1; 2x SBAS L1; 2x QZSS

CA/SAIF/L1C; 2x Compass E1


0.5cm+1.5 ppm

3 100Hz

Delta D-G2D 216 2x GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C; 2x Galileo E1; 2x SBAS

L1; 2x QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L1C; 2x Compass E1


ppm

3 100Hz

Delta D-G3D 216 2x GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C; 2x Galileo E1; 2x

Glonass CA/P1/P2/L2C; 2x SBAS L1; 2x QZSS

CA/SAIF/L2C/L1C; 2x Compass E1


ppm

3 100Hz

Delta Q-G3D 216 4x GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C; 4x Galileo E1; 1x




ppm

3 100Hz

Sigma G2T 216 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A; SBAS



ppm

3 100Hz

Sigma G3T 216 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A/E5B;




ppm

3 100Hz

Sigma G3TAJ 216 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A/E5B;




ppm

3 100Hz

Sigma D-G2 216 2x GPS CA; 2x Galileo E1; 2x SBAS L1; 2x QZSS



0.5cm+1.5 ppm

3 100Hz

Sigma D-G2D 216 2x GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C; 2x Galileo E1; 2x SBAS



ppm

3 100Hz

Sigma D-G3D 216 2x GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C; 2x Galileo E1; 2x




ppm

3 100Hz

Sigma Q-G3D 216 4x GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C; 4x Galileo E1; 1x




ppm

3 100Hz

GISmore 216 GPS CA; Galileo E1; GLONASS CA; SBAS L1;


all in view 1GORPV 79 x 36 x 131mm 303 g <3m/<0.5m /1.5cm+2 ppm/;

0.7cm+1.5 ppm

3 100Hz

TR-G2 216 GPS CA; Galileo E1; SBAS L1; QZSS CA/SAIF/

L1C; Compass E1


0.5cm+1.5 ppm

3 100Hz

TR-G3 216 GPS CA; Galileo E1; GLONASS CA; SBAS L1;



0.5cm+1.5 ppm

3 100Hz

TR-G2T 216 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A; SBAS



ppm

3 100Hz

TR-G3T 216 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A;




ppm

3 100Hz

TRE-G2T 216 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A; SBAS



ppm

3 100Hz

TRE-G3T 216 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A/E5B;




ppm

3 100Hz

TRE-G3TAJ 216 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A/E5B;




ppm

3 100Hz

Duo-G2 216 2x GPS CA; 2x Galileo E1; 2x SBAS L1; 2x QZSS



0.5cm+1.5 ppm

3 100Hz

Duo-G2D 216 2x GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C; 2x Galileo E1; 2x SBAS



ppm

3 100Hz

Duo-G3D 216 2x GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C; 2x Galileo E1; 2x




ppm

3 100Hz




(degrees Celsius)


(Watts)


<45s <1s <1s 1 RS-232, Alarm, 10/25/50/100MHz, 1PPS 115,200 -20 to +85’ 11.0-14.0 V <3.5W 5V Adds four 25MHz LVDS outputs (50MHz option), a 100MHz

output, and a 10MHz output

<45s <1s <1s 1 RS-232, Alarm, 10/100MHz, 1PPS 115,200 -20 to +85’ 11.0-14.0 V <3.5W 5V 3-Axis Accelerometer, 10MHz and 100MHz Ultra Low Phase

Noise outputs, low-g option

<45s <1s <1s 1 NMEA-0183, 10MHz 9,600 - 115,200 -20 to +85’ 5V <1W 5V Drop-In replacement for Eurocan OCXO, Form-Fit-Function

compatible to standard OCXO footprint

<45s <1s <1s 1 NMEA-0183, 10MHz 9,600 - 115,200 -40 to +80’ 5V <0.6W 5V Low-Cost drop-In replacement for Eurocan OCXO, NMEA

output, fast warmup

<45s <1s <1s 1 USB NMEA-0183, 10MHz 9,600 - 115,200 -20 to +75’ 5V and USB <0.6W 5V GPSDO Evaluation unit with USB power and communication,

NMEA-0183, 10MHz Disciplined output

<45s <1s <1s 2 TTL/USB NMEA-0183, SCPI, 10MHz 9600bps async -30 to +70 5V <2.5W 3.3V/5V Trimble™ Mini-T™ Legacy Replacement unit with improved

phase noise, ADEV, and wider temp-range, Form-Fit-

Function compatible

<45s <1s <1s 1 TTL NMEA-0183, SCPI, 10MHz 460.8 kbps,; 480 Mbps;

10/100 Mbps; 54 Mps;

2 Mbps

-35 to +75 3.3V <0.55W 5V Socketable Low Cost GPSDO module with 1 inch square

footprint and 10MHz output

35 sec typ. 33 sec typ. 3 sec. typ. (within 5 sec.

block out)

1 1 UART 480 Mbps; 480 Mbps;

10/100 Mbps; 54 Mps;

2 Mbps

-35 to +75 ext 140mW; @3.3V Active, Includes Pre-ampli¿er Galileo:Hardware Ready

<35s <5s <1s 2111111 RS232; USB; Ethernet; Wi-Fi; Bluetooth;

1PPS; Event Marker

480 Mbps; 480 Mbps;

10/100 Mbps; 54 Mps;

2 Mbps

-35 to +75 ext/int 4.5 I/E 2048MB memory; UHF/FH radio; GSM/GPRS/EDGE/

CDMA modem

<35s <5s <1s 1111111 USB OTG; USB; Ethernet; Wi-Fi;

Bluetooth; 1PPS; Event Marker/Ext.

Freq In/Out

480 Mbps; 480 Mbps;

10/100 Mbps; 54 Mps; 2

Mbpsove

-35 to +75 ext/int 8 I/E 2048 MB embedded memory, 800x480 colour TFT LCD,

600 MHz processor running WinCE 6.0, removable microSD

card, UHF/FH radio,; GSM/GPRS/EDGE modem

<35s <5s <1s 1111111 USB OTG; USB; Ethernet; Wi-Fi;

Bluetooth; 1PPS; Event Marker or Ext.

Freq In/Out

460.8 kbps; 12 Mbps;

2 Mbps

-35 to +75 ext/int 7.5 E 2048 MB embedded memory, 800x480 colour TFT LCD,

600 MHz processor running WinCE 6.0, removable microSD

card, GSM/GPRS/EDGE modem

<35 s <5 s <1 s 21111 RS232; USB; Ethernet; Wi-Fi; Bluetooth 460.8 kbps; 12 Mbps;

2 Mbps

-35 to +75 ext/int 6.2 I/E 2048MB memory; UHF/FH radio; GSM/GPRS/EDGE/

CDMA modem

11111 RS232; USB/RS232; Bluetooth; 1PPS/

IRIG; Event Marker


2 Mbps

-35 to +75 ext/int 1.8 E 256MB memory; GSM/GPRS modem


IRIG; Event Marker


2 Mbps



IRIG; Event Marker


2 Mbps



IRIG; Event Marker


2 Mbps

-35 to +75 ext 1.6 E 256MB memory

<35s <5s <1s 11111 RS232; USB/RS232; Bluetooth; 1PPS/

IRIG; Event Marker


2 Mbps



IRIG; Event Marker

460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,

480 Mbps, 10/100 Mbps,

1 Mps



IRIG; Event Marker

460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,;

480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,;

1 Mps


<35s <5s <1s 31111221 RS232; RS422; USB; Ethernet;

CAN; 1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG/Ext.

Freq In/Out

460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,;

480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,;

1 Mps




Freq In/Out

460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,;

480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,;

1 Mps




Freq In/Out

460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,;

480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,;

1 Mps

-35 to +75 ext 4.2 E 2048MB memory; ; In Band Interference Rejection



Freq In/Out

460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,;

480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,;

1 Mps




Freq In/Out

460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,;

480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,;

1 Mps




Freq In/Out

460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,;

480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,; 2

Mbps,; 1 Mps




Freq In/Out

460.8kbps,; 460.8kbps,;

480Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,; 2

Mbps,; 1Mps


<35s <5s <1s 211111221 RS232; RS422; USB; Ethernet; Bluetooth;


Freq In/Out

460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,;

480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,; 2

Mbps,; 1 Mps

-35 to +75 ext/int 3.3 E 2048MB memory; UHF/FH radio; GSM/GPRS/EDGE modem



Freq In/Out

460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,;

480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,; 2

Mbps,; 1 Mps

-35 to +75 ext/int 4.2 E 2048MB memory; UHF/FH radio; GSM/GPRS/EDGE modem



Freq In/Out

460.8kbps,; 460.8kbps,;

480Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,; 2

Mbps,; 1Mps

-35 to +75 ext/int 5 E 2048MB memory; UHF/FH radio; GSM/GPRS/EDGE

modem; In Band Interference Rejection



Freq In/Out

460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,;

480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,; 2

Mbps,; 1 Mps

-35 to +75 ext/int 3 E 2048MB memory; UHF/FH radio; GSM/GPRS/EDGE modem



Freq In/Out

460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,;

480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,; 2

Mbps,; 1 Mps




Freq In/Out

2 Mbps -35 to +75 ext/int 4.7 E 2048MB memory; UHF/FH radio; GSM/GPRS/EDGE modem



Freq In/Out

460.8 kbps,; 12 Mbps;

1 Mps


<35s <5s <1s 1 Bluetooth 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps; 12

Mbps; 1 Mps

-35 to +75 ext/int 1.4 I GSM/GPRS modem

<35s <5s <1s 211111 RS232; USB; CAN; 1PPS; Event

Marker; IRIG

460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps; 12

Mbps; 1 Mps


<35s <5s <1s 211111 RS232; RS422; USB; CAN; 1PPS; Event

Marker; IRIG

460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps; 12

Mbps; 1 Mps



Marker; IRIG

460.8 kbps,; 460.8

kbps; 480 Mbps; 1 Mps;

10/100 Mbps



Marker; IRIG

460.8 kbps,; 460.8


10/100 Mbps


<35s <5s <1s 22122211 RS232; RS232/RS422; USB; CAN;

1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG; Ethernet;

Ext. Freq In/Out

460.8 kbps,; 460.8


10/100 Mbps



1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG; Ethernet; Ext.

Reference; Frequency; input

460.8 kbps,; 460.8


10/100 Mbps




Ext. Freq In/Out

460.8 kbps,; 460.8


10/100 Mbps

-35 to +75 ext 4.2 E 2048MB memory; ; In Band Interference Rejection

<35s <5s <1s 22122211 RS232; RS232/RS422; USB; CAN; 1PPS;

Event Marker; IRIG; Ethernet

460.8 kbps,; 460.8


10/100 Mbps




460.8 kbps,; 460.8


10/100 Mbps




Up to 115.2 k -40 to +85 ext 3.9 E 2048MB memory

RECEIVER SURVEY 2013 | Sponsored by



mode


satellites tracked


application 1




Time

(nanosec)

3RVLWLRQ�À[�XSGDWH�

rate (sec)

JAVAD GNSS

continued

Quattro-G3D 216 4x GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C; 4x Galileo E1; 1x




ppm

3 100Hz

John Deere

www.JohnDeere.com

StarFire 3000 55 GNSS + 1

StarFire

GPS L1 C/A, L1/L2 P/Y and carrier phase,

GLONASS G1 and G2, SP and HP and carrier

phase, (L5, L2C, Galileo; ready)

55 GNSS + 1 StarFire WP, LNOPR1, Precision Ag 22.3 x 16.5 x 22.3 1.6 kg 2m/0.25m/1cm+1ppm/5mm+1ppm 95% nr 10Hz (0.1 sec)

Leica Geosystems AG

www.leica-geosystems.com

GX1230+ GNSS 120 GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, GLONASS: L1, L2,

Galileo E1, E5a, E5b, Alt-BOC, Giove A/B (test),

Compass, SBAS

)OH[LEOH�FRQ¿JXUDWLRQ��

L1, 60 L1/L2

AGLMNR1 166 x 79 x 212mm 1.2 kg 5m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/5mm+0.5ppm < 20 20 Hz

GRX1200+ 16 L1, 16 L2 16 L5

GPS,; 4 SBAS

GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, SBAS 20 AGLMetORT1 166 x 79 x 212mm 1.25 kg 5m/25cm/na/na < 20 20 Hz

GRX1200+ GNSS 120 GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, GLONASS: L1, L2,


Compass, SBAS


L1, 60 L1/L2

AGLMetORT1 166 x 79 x 212mm 1.25 kg 5m/25cm/na/na < 20 20 Hz

GR10 120 GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, GLONASS: L1, L2,


Compass, SBAS


L1, 60 L1/L2

AGLMetORT1 190 x 78 x 210mm 1.50 kg 5m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/5mm+0.5ppm < 20 20 Hz

GR25 120 GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, GLONASS: L1, L2,


Compass, SBAS


L1, 60 L1/L2


GMX901 12 L1, C/A code 12 MetOP1 186 x 186 x 60mm 0.7 kg na/na/na/na < 20 1 Hz

GMX902 GG 72 GPS: L1, L2, L2C, GLONASS: L1, L2, SBAS 28 MetOP1 167 x 123 x 40mm 0.8 kg na/na/na/na < 20 20 Hz

GMX902 GNSS 120 GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, GLONASS: L1, L2,


Compass, SBAS


L1, 60 L1/L2

MetOP1 167 x 123 x 40mm 0.8 kg na/na/na/na < 20 20 Hz

GM10 120 GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, GLONASS: L1, L2,


Compass, SBAS


L1, 60 L1/L2


PowerAntenna 72 GPS: L1, L2, L2C, GLONASS: L1, L2, SBAS 28 AGLMNOR1 D 186 x H 90mm 1.6 kg 5m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/5mm+0.5 ppm < 20 20 Hz

PowerBox 72 GPS: L1, L2, L2C, GLONASS: L1, L2, SBAS 28 AGLMNOR1 190 x 159 x 82mm 2.7 kg 5m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/5mm+0.5 ppm < 20 20 Hz

iCON gps 60 120 GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, GLONASS: L1, L2,


Compass, SBAS


L1, 60 L1/L2

AGLMNOR1 197 x 197 x H 130mm 1.45 kg 2-3m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/3mm+0.5ppm < 20 20 Hz

Viva GS08plus 120 GPS: L1, L2, L2C, GLONASS: L1, L2, Galileo:

E1, Giove A/B (test), Compass, SBAS


L1, 60 L1/L2

AGLMNR1 D 186mm x H 71mm 0.7 kg 2-3m/25cm/10mm+ 1ppm/3mm+ 0.5ppm < 20 5 Hz

Viva GS12 120 GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, GLONASS: L1, L2,


Compass, SBAS


L1, 60 L1/L2

AGLMNR1 D 186mm x H 89mm 0.95 kg 2-3m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/3mm+0.1ppm < 20 5 Hz



Compass, SBAS


L1, 60 L1/L2

AGLMNR1 166 x 79 x 212mm 1.20 kg 2-3m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/3mm+0.1ppm < 20 20 Hz

Viva GS14 120 GPS: L1, L2, L2C, GLONASS: L1, L2, Galileo:

E1, Giove A/B (test), Compass, SBAS


L1, 60 L1/L2

AGLMNR1 D 190mm x H 119mm 0.93 Kg 2-3m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/3mm+0.1ppm < 20 20 Hz



Compass, SBAS


L1, 60 L1/L2

AGLMNR1 D 198mm x H 196mm 1.34 kg 2-3m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/3mm+0.1ppm < 20 20 Hz



Compass, SBAS


L1, 60 L1/L2

AGLMNR1 200 x 94 x 220mm 1.84 kg 2-3m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/3mm+0.1ppm < 20 20 Hz

Zeno 5 48 GPS: L1 48 AGHLMNR1 158mm x 78mm x 38mm 0.375 kg 2-5m/-/-/- < 20 1 Hz

Zeno 10 14 GPS: L1 code ; GLONASS: L1 Code 14 AGHLMNR1 278mm/102mm/45mm 0.74 kg 2-5m/Sub-meter/-/10mm+2ppm < 20 5 Hz

Zeno GG03 120 GPS: L1, L2, L2C, GLONASS: L1, L2, SBAS )OH[LEOH�FRQ¿JXUDWLRQ��

L1, 60 L1/L2

AGLMNR1 D 186mm x H 71mm 0.7 kg 2-5m/40cm/10mm+2ppm/10mm+2ppm < 20 5 Hz

Zeno CS25 GNSS 120 GPS: L1, L2, L2C, GLONASS: L1, L2, SBAS )OH[LEOH�FRQ¿JXUDWLRQ��

L1, 60 L1/L2

AGHLMNR1 144 x 242 x 40mm 1.4 kg 2-5m/50cm/10cm/10mm+2ppm < 20 5 Hz

Microwave Photonic Systems

www.b2bphotonics.com

OFW 3478/GPS - RF Fiber

Optic Antenna for GPS

ALL Satellites

in View

GLONASS, Galileo, GPS L1C/A, L2, L5 GPS ALL Satellites in View Ship, Aircraft, & Land Based 12” x 10” x 6” 12 lbs. ~10m /LAAS: <0.5m <<50 ns 10 Hz PVT, 1 Hz

ARINC

NavCom Technology, Inc.

www.navcomtech.com

Sapphire 66 par. L1, L2, L5, G1 & G2 (E1, E5a ready) 66 GNSS; +1 StarFire DAGLMNPRTV2 4.73 x 3.94 x 0.43in 4oz 2m/45cm+ppm/1cm+0.5ppm/1cm

+ 0.5ppm)

13ns (1PPS) 1Hz – 100Hz (user

programmable)

SF-3050M 66 par. L1, L2, L5, G1 & G2 (E1, E5a ready) 66 GNSS; +1 StarFire DAGLMNPRTV1 6.47 x 4.60 x 2.37in 1.1 lb as above 13ns (1PPS) 1Hz – 100Hz (user

programmable)

SF-3040 66 par. L1, L2, L5, G1 & G2 (E1, E5a ready) 66 GNSS; +1 StarFire DAGLMNPRTV1 8 x 4.36in 3.2lb as above 13ns (1PPS) 1Hz – 100Hz (user

programmable)

NavSys Corporation

www.navsys.com

GNSSμSDR FPGA based -

Customizable

C/A (+ upgrade to other GNSS) 4+ (Customizable) ADGHLMNPRST2 FPGA based -

Customizable

FPGA

based -

Customizable

10m/1m/0.1m/0.05m 3 1

Nexteq Navigation Corporation

www.nexteqnav.com

T8 50 channels GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS 50 GHLOPRVE1 179 X 91 X 31mm 250 g 5m/2.5m/ pp <1m na 1Hz

T6 50 channels GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS 50 GHLOPRVE1 179 X 91 X 31mm 250 g <2m/<1m/20cm/20cm na 1Hz

T5A 12 channels GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS 12 GHLOPRVE1 215 X 97 X 57mm 700 g <2m/0.4m/20-2cm/20-2cm na 1Hz

1RWWLQJKDP�6FLHQWLÀF�/WG�

www.nsl.eu.com

Stereo Arch. dependent,

FRQ¿JXUDEOH

Dual frequency: L1/E1/B1/L1OC or L1OF plus

L5/E5A/B2 or E5B/L3OC or E6/B3 or L2C/

L2OC or L2OF

Arch. Dependent HNVCMD2 sw baseband na ~10m/na/na ~50 ns FRQ¿JXUDEOH��

50Hz max

Wave Arch. dependent,

FRQ¿JXUDEOH

L1/E1/B1/L1OC, L1OF, L5/E5A/B2, E5B/L3OC,

E6/B3, L2C/L2OC, L2OF

Arch. Dependent GLMMetNR2 sw baseband na ~10m/na/na ~50 ns FRQ¿JXUDEOH��

50Hz max

SABRE )XOO\�FRQ¿JXUDEOH L1, L5, L2C, L1OF, L2OF, E1, E5A, E5B )XOO\�FRQ¿JXUDEOH ACDGHLMMetNOPRSTV2 na na ~10m/na/na ~50 ns FRQ¿JXUDEOH��

50Hz max

JINGO )XOO\�FRQ¿JXUDEOH L1 )XOO\�FRQ¿JXUDEOH ACDGHLMMetNOPRSTV2 na na ~10m/na/na ~50 ns FRQ¿JXUDEOH��

50Hz max

NovAtel

www.novatel.com

OEM615 120 GPS: L1, L2, L2C,; GLONASS: L1, L2; Galileo:

E1; GIOVE-A/GIOVE-B (test); Compass; SBAS


L1, 60 L1/L2

ADGHLMMetNOPRTV2 46 x 71 x 11mm 24 g 1.2m/0.4m DGPS/0.6m SBAS/0.01m

+ 1ppm RT-2/5mm + 1 ppm post

processed (All values in Horiz. RMS)

20 50Hz max GNSS

only, 200Hz max

GNSS + INS

OEM628 120 GPS: L1, L2, L2C, L5; GLONASS: L1, L2;

Galileo: E1, E5; GIOVE-A/GIOVE-B (test);

Compass; SBAS; L-band


L1, 60 L1/L2

ADGLMMetNOPRTV2 60 x 100 x 9.1mm 37 g 1.2m/0.4m DGPS/0.6m SBAS/0.6m

VBS/0.15m XP/0.1m HP/0.01m + 1ppm

RT-2/5mm + 1 ppm post processed (All

values in Horiz. RMS)

20 100Hz max GNSS

only, 200Hz max

GNSS + INS

OEMStar 14 GPS: L1; GLONASS: L1; SBAS ��FKDQQHOV�FRQ¿JXUDEOH�

between GPS, GLONASS

& SBAS

ADGLMMetNOPRTV2 46 x 71 x 13mm 18 g 1.5m/0.5m DGPS/0.7m SBAS/ 20 10Hz max

OEMV-3 72 GPS: L1, L2, L2C, L5; GLONASS: L1, L2;

SBAS; L-band

14 GPS L1, 14 GPS L2, 6

GPS L5, 12 GLONASS L1,

12 GLONASS L2, 2 SBAS,

1 L-band

ADGLMMetNOPRTV2 85 x 125 x 13mm 75 g 1.2m/0.4m DGPS/0.6m SBAS/0.6m

VBS/0.15m XP/0.1m HP/0.01m + 1ppm

RT-2/5mm + 1 ppm post processed (All

values in Horiz. RMS)

20 50Hz max GPS only,

200Hz max GPS

+ INS

FlexPak-G2-Star 14 GPS: L1; GLONASS: L1; SBAS ��FKDQQHOV�FRQ¿JXUDEOH�

between GPS, GLONASS

& SBAS

ADGLMMetNOPRTV12 45 x 147 x 113mm 313 g See OEMStar model 20 10Hz max

FlexPak6 120 GPS: L1, L2, L2C, L5; GLONASS: L1, L2;


Compass; SBAS; L-band


L1, 60 L1/L2

ADGLMMetNOPRTV12 45 x 147 x 113mm 337 g See OEM628 model 20 100Hz max GNSS

only, 200Hz max

GNSS + INS

ProPak-V3 72 GPS: L1, L2, L2C, L5; GLONASS: L1, L2;

SBAS; L-band

14 GPS L1, 14 GPS L2, 6



1 L-band

ADGLMMetNOPRTV12 185 x 160 x 71mm 1.0 kg See OEMV-3 model 20 50Hz max GPS only,

200Hz max GPS

+ INS




(degrees Celsius)


(Watts)




Ext. Freq In/Out

2,400–115,200 –40 to +65 ext 5.2 E 2048MB memory

<60s <50s <20s 4 1xCAN/ 3xRS232 2,400–115,200 –40 to +65 9 to 26 V DC 7.2 Internal dipole, Ext Integrated 6-axis terrain compensation, proprietary RTK-

Extend operating mode, compatibility with space-based

differential corrections network (StarFire)

50s 35s 0.5s 4 4 RS-232, 1 Power, 1 TNC, 1 PPS Out,2

Event-Optional

2,400–115,200 –40 to +65 ext/int 3.2 AR10/AS10 triple frequency or

AR25/AR20 choke ring

Triple frequency geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver.

50s 35s 0.5s 5 4 RS-232; 2 power; 1 TNC, Ethernet, PPS,

ext osc, event



Permanent dual frequency GPS receiver w/ Ethernet.

50s 35s 0.5s 5 4 RS-232; 2 power; 1 TNC, Ethernet, PPS,

ext osc, event

2,400–115,200 –40 to +65 ext/int 3.2 to 3.9 AR10/AS10 triple frequency or


Permanent triple frequency GNSS receiver w/ Ethernet.

50s 35s 0.5s 5 1 (2 port) power, 1 RS-232, UART, USB,

TNC, Ethernet, ext osc

4800 – 115’200 –40 to +65 ext 3.1 to 3.5 AR10/AS10 triple frequency or



50s 35s 0.5s 7 1 (2 port) power, 2 RS-232, 1 UART, 2

USB, 1 Ethernet, 1 bluetooth (plus TNC,

PPS, event, Oscillator)

2,400–230,400 –40 to +65 ext/int 3.1 to 3.3 AR10/AS10 triple frequency or



<120 s * <45 s* <10 s 1 1 LEMO-1 connector, 8 pin 2,400–230,400 –40 to +65 ext 1.7 Integrated Leica AT501 microstrip

antenna with built-in groundplane

Single frequency GPS smart antenna for structural

monitoring

50s 35s 0.5s 2 2 RS-232, 2 Power, 1 TNC, 1 PPS output 2,400–115,200 –40 to +65 ext 1.7 AR10/AS10 triple frequency or


Dual frequency GNSS receiver for structural monitoring

50s 35s 0.5s 2 2 RS-232, 2 Power, 1 TNC, 1 PPS output 2,400–115,200 –40 to +65 ext 1.7 AR10/AS10 triple frequency or


Triple frequency GNSS receiver for structural monitoring

50s 35s 0.5s 5 1 (2 port) power, 1 RS-232, UART, USB,

TNC, Ethernet, ext osc

2,400–115,200 –40 to +65 ext 3.1 to 3.5 AR10/AS10 triple frequency or


Permanent triple frequency GNSS receiver w/ Ethernet

for monitoring

50s 35s 0.5s 1 1 RS-232/Power in, 1x RS422/Power

in, Bluetooth

2,400–115,200 –40 to +60 ext/int 3.8 Internal Dual frequency RTK GNSS receiver for site survey and

machine navigation

50s 35s 0.5s 5 2 RS-232, 1 Power/RS-232, 1 RS232/

RS422, 2 CAN, 1 TNC

2,400–115,200 –30 to +60 ext 3.8 MNA1202 GG Dual frequency RTK GNSS machine navigation receiver

50s 35 s 0.5s 6 1 combined RS-232/PWR in/PWR out, 1

USB Host, 1 UART &USB, 1 TNC, 1 QN,

1 Bluetooth; 1 USB Host; 1 UART&USB;

1 Bluetooth

2,400–115,200 –40 to +65 ext/int 6.0 Internal or external (e.g.

MNA1202 GG)

Triple frequency construction RTK GNSS receiver; including

build in Display and Keyboard; external GNSS antenna

support to be used on a construction machine

50s 35s 0.5s 2 Combined (RS-232, Power, USB), 1

Bluetooth

2,400–115,200 –40 to +65 ext/int 2.0 Internal Dual frequency geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver


Bluetooth

2,400–115,200 –40 to +65 ext/int 1.8 Internal Triple frequency geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver

50s 35s 0.5s 4 2 RS-232, 1 Combined (RS-232, USB), 1

Power, 1 TNC, 1 Bluetooth



Triple frequency geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver

50s 35s 0.5s 2 1 RS-232, 1 combined (RS-232, Power,

USB), 1 UART &USB, 1 Bluetooth

2,400–115,200 –40 to +65 ext/int 2.0 Internal Dual frequency geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver

50s 35s 0.5s 4 1 RS-232, 1 combined (RS-232, Power,

USB), 1 UART &USB, 1 Bluetooth

2,400–115,200 –10 to +50 ext/int 3.2 Internal Triple frequency geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver

50s 35s 0.5s 8 2 RS-232, 1 Combined (RS-232, USB), 1

UART &USB, 1 PPS, 2 Event, 1 Mini USB,

1 Power, 1 TNC, 1 Bluetooth

ext/int 3.4 AR10/AS10 triple frequency or


Triple frequency geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver

<120 s * <35 s* <10 s 2 1 Bluetooth, 1 USB (SnapOn module) ext/int 1.3 Internal Single Frequency Handheld GPS receiver

2,400–115,200 –40 to +65

2,400–115,200 –40 to +65

<120 s * <35 s* <10 s 4 1 Bluetooth, Wireless LAN, 1 RS-232, 1

Combined (RS-232, USB)

2,400–115,200 –23 to +60 ext/int 2.5 Internal/External Single Frequency Handheld GNSS receiver


Bluetooth

100 Kbps ARINC –55 to +80 ext/int 2.0 Internal Dual frequency geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver

50s 35s 0.5s 5 2 USB, 1 RS-232, LAN, Power, 1

Bluetooth

RS232: 9.6kbps – 115kbps;

USB: up to 12Mbps;

Ethernet: up to 100Mbps;

Bluetooth: up to 230.4kbps

-40 to +85 ext/int 7-10 Internal/External Dual frequency geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver

<<75 s <20 s <1 s 1 8 I/P, 3 O/P ARINC H/L,; 1 RS-232 RS232: 9.6kbps – 115kbps;

USB: up to 12Mbps;



-40 to +70 ext 14W Active, RTCA DO-228 Change

1 compliant

ARINC-743 Compliant sensor

<60 s <50 s <20 s 5 2 x RS232 (1 con¿gurable to RS422); 1

x USB 2.0 (host or device); 1 x Ethernet

(10T/100T); 1 x Bluetooth

RS232: 9.6kbps – 115kbps;

USB: up to 12Mbps;



-40 to +70 ext 6W typical Crossed dipole (ER) Latest generation of John Deere technology

<60 s <50 s <20 s 5 as above FPGA based -

Customizable

FPGA based -

Customizable

ext < 4 W Crossed dipole (ER) Integrated StarFire/RTK Extend multi-frequency receivers

<60 s <50 s <20 s 5 as above 300-115,200 I10 to +60 hot swappable

batteries

< 4 W Crossed dipole (ER) Integrated StarFire/RTK Extend multi-frequency receivers

15mn max 30 sec <10s FPGA based -

Customizable

FPGA based - Customizable 300-115,200 I10 to +60 FPGA based -

Customizable

FPGA based -

Customizable

Selectable

29s 29s <1s 2 USB/Blue tooth 300-115,200 I20 to +60 battery/ext.USB 0.5W with the GPS on intertnal/external Rugged and ready-to-use handheld with GIS data

collection SW

26s 26s <1s 2 USB/Blue tooth Fully con¿gurable battery/ext USB 0.5W with the GPS on intertnal/external RTK, i-PPP data service, Post processing,GIS data

collection SW preinstalled

60s 45s <1s 2 USB/Blue tooth Fully con¿gurable battery/ext USB <2W intertnal/external RTK, i-PPP data service, Post processing ,GIS data

collection SW preinstalled

<40s <35s <2s Arch. dependent IP, USB Fully con¿gurable ext Arch. dependent E Dual frequency GNSS front end to be used with, for

example, software de¿ned radio GNSS receiver. Stereo

contains two Front Ends (with common clock).

<40s <35s <2s Arch. dependent IP, USB, LVDS Fully con¿gurable ext Arch. dependent E Multiple frequency direct bandpass GNSS front end to

be used with, for example, software de¿ned radio GNSS

receiver.

<40s <35s <2s Fully con¿gurable Fully con¿gurable 300 to 921,600 bps;; 1

Mbps; 12 Mbps

-40 to +85 na na na Pure SW receiver for GPS, GLONASS and GALILEO. Single

or combined constellations. Snap-shot, kalman ¿ltering, PPP

positioning. Real-time or post-processing on digital IF.

<40s <35s <2s Fully con¿gurable Fully con¿gurable 300 to 921,600 bps; 300 to

921,600 bps;; 1 Mbps; 12

Mbps; 10/100 Mbps

-40 to +85 na na na SW GPS receiver for detection of GPS SPS SIGNAL

INTERFERENCE. Uses pre-correlation, correlation and

post-correlation techniques.

50s 35s 0.5s 6 3 x LV-TTL, 2 x CAN, 1 x USB2.0 300 to 230,400 bps;

12 Mbps

-40 to +85 3.3 V DC 1W (typical) Active (E) RoHS-compliant; RT-2, GL1DE, PDP, RAIM, ALIGN and

SPAN software features available

50s 35s 0.5s 7 1 x RS-232 or RS-422, 2 x LV-TTL, 2 x

CAN, 1 x USB2.0, 1 x Ethernet

300 to 921,600 bps; 300

to 921,600 bps; 300 to

230,400 bps; 1 Mbps;

5 Mbps

-40 to +85 3.3 V DC 1.3W (typical) Active (E) RoHS-compliant; RT-2, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP, GL1DE,

PDP, RAIM, ALIGN and SPAN software features available

65s 35s <1.0s 3 2 x LV-TTL; 1 x USB2.0 300 to 921,600 bps; 300 to

230,400 bps;; 12 Mbps

-40 to +85 3.15 to 5.25 VDC 0.36W GPS; 0.45W

GLONASS

Active (E) RoHS-compliant; GL1DE and PDP software features

available

60s 35s 0.5s 6 1 x RS-232 or RS-422; 1 x RS-232 or LV-

TTL; 1 x LV-TTL; 2 x CAN, 1 x USB1.1

300 to 921,600 bps; 300 to

921,600 bps;; 12 Mbps; 1

Mbps; 10/100 Mbps

-40 to +75 4.5 to 18 VDC 2.1W (typical) Active (E) RoHS-compliant; RT-2, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP, GL1DE,

PDP, ALIGN, and SPAN software features available

65s 35s <1.0s 3 1 x RS-232; 1 x RS-232 or RS-422,

1 x USB1.1

300 to 921,600 bps; 300

to 230,400 bps; 300 to

230,400 bps; 5 Mbps

-40 to +75 6 to 18 V DC 0.6W (typical); Active (E) RoHS-compliant; GL1DE and PDP software features

available

50s 35s 0.5s 5 1 x RS-232, 1 x RS-232 or RS-422, 1 x

USB2.0, 1 x CAN, 1 x Ethernet

300 to 921,600 bps; 300

to 230,400 bps; 300 to

230,400 bps; 5 Mbps,

10/100 Mbps

-40 to +75 6 to 36 V DC 1.8W (typical) Active (E) RoHS-compliant; RT-2, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP, GL1DE,

PDP, RAIM, ALIGN and SPAN software features available

60s 35s 0.5s 4 3 x RS-232 or 2 x RS-422 plus 1 x RS-

232; 1 x USB1.1

300 to 921,600 bps; 12

Mbps; 10/100 Mbps

-40 to +65 6 to 18 V DC ; 2.8 W typical Active (E) RoHS-compliant; RT-2, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP, GL1DE,

PDP, ALIGN, and SPAN software features available

RECEIVER SURVEY 2013 | Sponsored by



mode


satellites tracked


application 1




Time

(nanosec)

3RVLWLRQ�À[�XSGDWH�

rate (sec)

NovAtel

continued

DL-V3 72 GPS: L1, L2, L2C, L5; GLONASS: L1, L2;

SBAS; L-band

14 GPS L1, 14 GPS L2, 6



1 L-band

ADGLMMetNOPRTV12 185 x 163 x 76mm 1.3 kg See OEMV-3 model 20 50Hz max

SE 72 GPS: L1, L2, L2C, L5; GLONASS: L1, L2;

SBAS; L-band

14 GPS L1, 14 GPS L2, 6



1 L-band


GPStation-6 120 GPS: L1, L2, L2C, L5; GLONASS: L1, L2;


Compass; SBAS

40 L1/L2/L5 ALMetOT12 235 x 154 x 71mm 1.4 kg 1.2m 20 50Hz max

SMART-AG 36 GPS: L1; GLONASS: L1; SBAS 14 GPS L1; 12 GLO L1;

2 SBAS

ADGLMMetNOPRTV12 155mm diameter x

68mm height

500 g 1.2m/0.4m DGPS/0.8m SBAS/0.2m

RT-20/0.02m + 1ppm RT-2 L1TE/ 5mm

+ 1 ppm post processed (All values in

Horiz. RMS)

20 20Hz max

SMART-MR10 72 GPS: L1, L2; GLONASS: L1, L2; SBAS; L-band 14 GPS L1, 14 GPS L2,

12 GLONASS L1, 12

GLONASS L2, 2 SBAS,

1 L-band


SMART-MR15 72 GPS: L1, L2; GLONASS: L1, L2; SBAS; L-band 14 GPS L1, 14 GPS L2,

12 GLONASS L1, 12

GLONASS L2, 2 SBAS,

1 L-band


SPAN MEMS Enclosure 120 GPS: L1, L2, L2C; GLONASS: L1, L2; SBAS )OH[LEOH�FRQ¿JXUDWLRQ��

L1, 60 L1/L2

ADGLMMetNOPRTV12 152 x 137 x 50.5mm 640g 1.2m/0.4m DGPS/0.6m SBAS/0.01m

+ 1ppm RT-2/5mm + 1 ppm post

processed (All values in Horiz. RMS)

20 20Hz max GNSS

only, 200Hz max

GNSS + INS

SPAN-CPT 72 GPS: L1, L2, L2C; SBAS; L-band 14 GPS L1, 14 GPS L2, 2

SBAS, 1 L-band

ADGLMMetNOPRTV12 152 x 168 x 89mm 2.36 kg See OEMV-3 model 20 20Hz max GPS only,

100Hz max GPS

+ INS

SPAN-MPPC 72 GPS: L1, L2, L2C; SBAS; L-band 14 GPS L1, 14 GPS L2, 2

SBAS, 1 L-band

ADGLMMetNOPRTV12 85 x 125 x 27mm 75g See OEMV-3 model 20 20Hz max GPS only,

200Hz max GPS

+ INS

SPAN-SE 72 GPS: L1, L2, L2C, L5; GLONASS: L1, L2;

SBAS; L-band

14 GPS L1, 14 GPS L2, 6



1 L-band

ADGLMMetNOPRTV12 200 x 248 x 76mm 3.4 kg See OEMV-3 model 20 20Hz max GNSS

only, 200Hz max

GNSS + INS

NVS Technologies AG

www.nvs-gnss.com

NV08C-MCM 32 par., All-in-view GPS L1 C/A code, GLONASS L1, SBAS L1,;

QZSS, GALILEO E1, COMPASS (BeiDou) L1

32 A, C, G, H, L, M, N, R, V, 2 9 x 12 x 1.5mm 1 g RMS:<2.5m/<1m/na 25 ns 1, 2, 5, 10Hz

NV08C-CSM 32 par., All-in-view GPS L1 C/A code, GLONASS L1, SBAS L1,


32 A, C, G, H, L, M, N, R, T, V, 2 20 x 26 x 2.5mm 5 g RMS:<1.5m/<1m/na 15 ns 1, 2, 5, 10Hz

NV08C-Mini PCI-E 32 par., All-in-view GPS L1 C/A code, GLONASS L1, SBAS L1,


32 A, C, D, G, H, L, M, N, R, V, 2 30 x 50.95 x 4.2mm 7 g RMS:<1.5m/<1m/na 15 ns 1, 2, 5, 10Hz

ORCA Technologies, LLC

www.orcatechnologies.com

GS-101 12 parallel channels GPS L1 C/A code 12 Time, Frequency, Position -

Static or Mobile

3.07 x 1.06 x 4.72in 1 lb <9m 90%/2m CEP 50%/na/na <100ns 1 second

GS-102 12 parallel channels GPS L1 C/A code 12 Time, Frequency, Position -

Static or Mobile

4.06 x 2.09 x 4.72in 1 lb <9m 90%/2m CEP 50%/na/na <100ns 1 second

ORCA637VME 12 parallel channels GPS L1 C/A code 12 Time, Frequency, Position -

Static or Mobile

6U x 160mm 1 lb <9m 90%/2m CEP 50%/na/na <100ns 1 second

Precise Time and Frequency, Inc.

ZZZ�SW¿QF�FRP

3203A GlobalTyme 12 L1, C/A 12 LOT1 19 x 1.75 x 12in <10 lb <25m/nr/nr/nr 20 1

3204A GlobalTyme 12 L1, C/A 12 LOT1 19 x 3.5 x 12in <10 lb <25m/nr/nr/nr 20 1

3203AB Mobile 12 L1, C/A 12 LOT1 19 x 1.75 x 12in <10 lb <25m/nr/nr/nr 60 1

3203A SAASM 12 L1, C/A, p(y) code 12 LOT1 19 x 1.75 x 12in <10 lb <25m/nr/nr/nr 40 1

3203A WiMax 12 L1, C/A 12 LOT1 19 x 1.75 x 12in <10 lb <25m/nr/nr/nr 20 1

3223A NetTyme 12 L1, C/A 12 LOT1 19 x 1.75 x 12in <10 lb <25m/nr/nr/nr 20 1

3225A NetTyme 12 L1, C/A 12 LOT1 7 x 1.75 x 9in <5 lb <25m/nr/nr/nr 20 1

3207A GlobalTyme 12+12(optional) L1, C/A 12+12(opt) LOT1 19 x 1.75 x 16in <10 lb <25m/nr/nr/nr 20 1

3208A GlobalTyme 12+12(optional) L1, C/A 12+12(opt) LOT1 19 x 3.5 x 16in <10 lb <25m/nr/nr/nr 20 1

Racelogic

www.labsat.co.uk

LabSat; RLLSR01 All in View GPS L1 C/A Code All in View ACDGHLMNOTV1 17.0 x 12.8 x 3.8cm 750 g 1.5m/na/na 50 ns; (RMS) 16.368 MHz

LabSat; RLLSR02-GNL1 All in View GPS L1 C/A Code, Galileo E1, GLONASS L1,

Compass B1

All in View ACDGHLMNOTV1 17.0 x 12.3 x 4.6cm 750 g 1.5m/na/na 50 ns; (RMS) 16.368 MHz

Rockwell Collins

www.rockwellcollins.com/gs/

MPE–S, Miniature Precision

Lightweight GPS Receiver

(PLGR) Engine (SAASM)

Type II

12 channels parallel,

dual frequency

L1, C/A and P or Y Code; L2, P or Y Code 12 ADLMNTV2 2.45 x 0.285 x 1.76in 0.75 oz <4m CEP (WAGE), <2m (SDGPS) <100 1

Polaris Link, miniature GPS

receiver engine (SPS)

12 channels L1, C/A 12 ADLMNTV2 2.45 x 0.6 x 3.4in 2.5 oz <2m (SDGPS) <100 1

MicroGRAM 12 channels parallel,

dual frequency

L1, C/A and P or Y Code; L2, P or Y Code 12; All in view 1.0” x 1.25” x 0.275” 0.25 oz DGPS: <2m CEP; WAGE <4m CEP;

PPS <12m CEP

<100 1

NavStorm+, Integrated GPS-

AJ System w/Digital Nulling,

Gun Hard, SAASM-Based

12/24 par. L1, C/A, P or Y–code; L2, P–code or Y–code all in view ADLNO2 2.62 Dia x 0.9in <0.5 lb <8m SEP/na/<16m SEP 30 1–25 dependent

on aiding

NavStrike-24–Munitions

GPS Embedded Module,

SAASM-Based

12/24 par. as above all in view ADNS2 3.5 x 3.0 x 0.75in <0.5 lb na/3.7m/nr 30 1–25 dependent

on aiding

IGAS, Integrated GPS-AJ

System w/ Digital Nulling

and Beam-forming, SAASM-

Based

24 par. as above all in view ADNS2 4.35 x 5.15 x 0.9in <2 lb na/2m typ./nr 30 1–25 dependent

on aiding

DAGR (Defense Adv. GPS

Receiver) SAASM-Based

12 channel, parallel,

dual frequency

as above all in view ADGHLMNPTV1 6.4 x 3.5 x 1.6in, 25cu in 15 oz. with

batteries

<5.1m Horiz 95% (WAGE), <2.4m Horiz

95% (DGPS)

<52 (95%) 1

Micro DAGR (Defense Adv.

GPS Receiver) SAASM

Based

12 channel, parallel L1, C/A and P or Y code all in view ADHLMNPT1 3.9 x 2.6 x 1.4in 6.5 oz with;

L91 batteries

<18.1m Horiz 95% 8QYHUL¿HG�DV�

of this date

1

Polaris Guide ; handheld

GPS receiver (SPS)

12 Channel L1, C/A all in view ADGHLMNPTV1 6.4 x 3.5 x 1.6in, 25cu in 15 oz. w/

batteries

<2.4m Horiz 95% (DGPS) <52 (95%) 1

GPS Embedded Module

(GEM)

12/24 L1, C/A, P or Y code, L2, P–code or Y–code all in view ADLMNPRSTV1 5.88 x 5.7 x 0.57 <0.8 lb na/2m typ./nr 30 1–25 dependent

on aiding

Airborne SAASM

Reciever 3.3

12/24 Channel L1, C/A, P or Y code, L2, P–code or Y–code all in view 4.9” W x 3.2” H x 0.80” <0.6 lb PPS:<5.6m RMS horizontal SPS:<6m

RMS horizontal

PPS:<30

nanoseconds

RMS; SPS:<45

nanoseconds

RMS

4-25 dependent

on aiding

DIGAR 24 channel L1, C/A, P or Y code, L2, P–code or Y–code all in view 8.0” W x 2.27” H x 12.0” <11lbs PPS: <5m SEP; SPS: <6m horizontal <100

nanoseconds

Unaided: once-per-

second pseudorange

based, delta range

based, 10 Hz

4 Element GPS Anti-jam

Antenna Electronics

4 Channel L1, C/A, P or Y–code; L2, P–code or Y–code na 17cm (W) x 20cm (L)

x 5cm (H)

<5lbs na na

Septentrio

www.septentrio.com

AsteRx-m OEM 136 par. GPS+GLONASS L1, C/A and P-code & CP; L2,

P-code & CP; WAAS/EGNOS

All in view (GPS/GLONASS) ADGHLMMetNOPRTV2 70x48mm 40g 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/

5mm + 1 ppm

10sec 25Hz

AiRx2 64 par GPS L1; (GPS L5 and GAL L1-E5a ready) All in view GPS (GAL ready) A 61 x 100 x 13.5mm <100gr 5m (95%)/3m (95%) 50 ns (95%) 20Hz




(degrees Celsius)


(Watts)


60s 35s 0.5s 6 3 x RS-232 or 2 x RS-422 plus 1 x

RS-232; USB1.1, Ethernet, Bluetooth,

Compact Flash card drive

9,600 to 230,400 bps;

12 Mbps

-40 to +65 9 to 28 V DC 3.5 W typical Active (E) RoHS-compliant; RT-2, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP, GL1DE,

PDP, and ALIGN software features available

60s 35s 0.5s 10 4 x RS-232 or RS-422; 1 x UART COM

Port; 1 x USB 2.0 Host; 1 x USB 2.0

Device; 1 x Ethernet; 1 x SD card drive; 1

x IMU Connection

300 to 460,800 bps;;

1 Mbps

-40 to +75 9 to 28 VDC 10W (typical) Active (E) (dual antenna input

optional)

RoHS-compliant; RT-2, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP, GL1DE,


60s 35s 0.5s 4 3 x RS-232 or RS-422, 1 x USB2.0 300 to 230,400 bps; ;

1 Mbps;

-40 to +70 4.5 to 18 V DC 6W (typical) Active (E) Multi-frequency multi-constellation GNSS Ionospheric

Scintillation and TEC Monitor (GISTM); receiver. Provides

50Hz phase and amplitude scintillation measurements (S4,

σф), TEC and TEC phase.

60s 35s 0.5s 4 2 x RS-232; 1 x CAN NMEA2000; 1 x

Bluetooth (optional)

300 to 230,400 bps; ;

1 Mbps;

-40 to +65 8 to 36 V DC 2.5W (typical) Patch RoHS-compliant; RT-2 L1TE, GL1DE, and ALIGN software

features available

65s 35s 0.5s 6 1 x RS-232 or RS-422; 2 x RS-232; 1

x CAN NMEA2000; 1 x Bluetooth; 1 x

Emulated Radar

300 to 921,600 bps; 1

Mbps; 12 Mbps

-40 to +65 9 to 36 VDC 3.7W (typical) Pinwheel RoHS-compliant; RT-2, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP, GL1DE,


65s 35s 0.5s 6 1 x RS-232 or RS-422; 1 x RS-232; 1

x CAN NMEA2000; 1 x Bluetooth; 1 x

Ground speed output, 1 x GPRS/HSDPA

or CDMA radio

300 to 921,600 bps; 1

Mbps; 5 Mbps

-40 to +65 9 to 36 VDC 4.5W (typical) Pinwheel RoHS-compliant; RT-2, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP, GL1DE,


50s 35s 0.5s 4 1 x RS-232; 1 x RS-232 UART COM Port;

1 x CAN; 1 x USB1.1

300 to 921,600 bps; 12

Mbps; 10/100 Mbps

-40 to +85 10 to 30 VDC TBD Active (E) RoHS-compliant; RT-2 software features available

60s 35s 0.5s 4 2 x RS-232 UART COM Port; 1 x CAN;

1 x USB1.1

300 to 921,600 bps; 12

Mbps; 10/100 Mbps

-40 to +65 9 to 18 VDC 15W (max) Active (E) RoHS-compliant; RT-2, and OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP

software features available



Device; 1 x Ethernet; 1 x IMU Connection

up to 230 400 bps -30 to +85 °C 9 to 30 VDC 8W (typical) Active (E) RoHS-compliant; RT-2, and OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP




Device; 1 x Ethernet; 1 x SD card drive; 1

x IMU Connection

up to 230 400 bps -40 to +85 °C 9 to 28 VDC 10W (typical) Active (E) (dual antenna input

optional)

RoHS-compliant; RT-2, and OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP


30s 30s <1s 2 2xUART; 2xSPI; 1xTWI (I2C compatible);

1PPS

up to 230 400 bps -40 to +85 °C ext. 150mW (GNSS)/100mW

(GPS)/20mW

(GNSS)/16mW

(GPS)/5mW (Sleep mode)

Active & Passive (auto-switching

current detector)

In-car & PNDs, asset & personal tracking, Telematics & anti-

theft, surveillance & security + other mobile applications/A-

GNSS, dead reckoning & raw data output

25s 25s <1s 2 2xUART; 1xSPI; 1xTWI (I2C compatible);

1PPS

9600 bps - 115200 bps 0 to 50 ext. 180mW (GNSS)/120mW

(GPS)/24mW

(GNSS)/18mW

(GPS)/5mW (Sleep mode)

Active Fleet mgmt, Telematics & anti-theft, in-car & PNDs, asset

and personal tracking, surveillance & security/LTE, WiMAX,

Wi-Fi & cell. base station timing/A-GNSS, dead reckoning,

raw data output/Flash memory + power mgmt

25s 25s <1s 1/NMEA (default)

or binary protocol

PCI-Express standard bus/virtual COM

port device

9600 bps - 115200 bps 0 to 50 ext. 200mW (GNSS)/140mW

(GPS)/0.4mA (Sleep

mode)

Active & Passive (auto-switching

current detector)

Rugged notebook PCs, tablets & handheld computers.

Telematics & marine navigation. Surveillance, security and

public safety. GIS, survey, machine control & PrecisionAg/A-

GNSS, dead reckoning, raw data output/Flash memory

+ power mgmt.;

<20min <1min <1s 3 2 serial/1 USB 0 to 50 external 30 mw active Small portable GPS Receiver providing IRIG time, pulse

rates, event capture and position over serial and USB ports.

Can be portable with optional battery.

<20min <1min <1s 3 2 serial/1 USB 1,200–57,600 0 to +50 external 30 mw active Small portable GPS Receiver providing IRIG time, pulse

rates, event capture and position over serial and USB ports.

Powered by external supply or internal rechargeable battery.

<20min <1min <1s 1,200–57,600 0 to +50 bus active VME Time & Frequency Processor

<20min <5min 1s 2 RS-232, 100baseT 1,200–57,600 0 to +50 Internal 90–264

AC

<10 35 dBi, 5 V DC Multiple frequency outputs, IRIG B, Low phase noise


AC

<10 35 dBi, 5 V DC as above


AC Internal 20 -

70VDC (optional)



AC



AC 20 - 70VDC

(optional)

<10 35 dBi, 5 V DC 3x10MHz sine (low phase noise) + 3 x 1PPS TTL outputs,


AC

<10 35 dBi, 5 V DC 1PPS, IRIG B, NTP

<20min <5min 1s 2 RS-232, 100baseT 1,200–57,600 0 to +50 15V DC <10 35 dBi, 5 V DC 1PPS, NTP

<20min <5min 1s 2 RS-232, 100baseT na 0 to +50 Internal 90–264

AC

<10 35 dBi, 5 V DC Multiple frequency outputs, IRIG B, Low phase noise,

Multiple input options, dual receiver engines (optional)

<20min <5min 1s 2 RS-232, 100baseT na 0 to +50 Internal 90–264

AC

<10 35 dBi, 5 V DC as above

na na na 3 2 x SMA , 1 x USB Variable –40 to +85 8V to 30V DC 5.8W; (Max) Active RF Record and Replay for GPS L1 C/A Code, Galileo E1

na na na 3 3 x SMA , 2 x USB Variable –40 to +85 8V to 30V DC 7.0W; (Max) Active RF Record and Replay for GPS L1, Galileo E1, GLONASS

L1, Compass B1

<100s typical <60s typical <8s for; <10s typical 3 RS-232, CMOS, Crypto (DS-101 and DS-

102), HVQK, 1PPS, NMEA, ant.

Variable –40 to +85 ext 0.7 W operating, 4 mW

keep–alive

active remote (E) U.S. Army standard; GB-GRAM; backward compatible

<100s typical <60s typical 3 RS-232, CMOS, HVQK, 1PPS,

NMEA, ant.

9,600–230,400 –54 to +85 ext 0.7 W operating, 4 mW

keep–alive

active remote (E) SPS version of MPE-S/GB-GRAM; backward compatible

<110s typical <90s typical <20s 2 Two independent serial ports (full duplex

CMOS), 1 PPS, DS-101 and DS-102, ant.

9,600–230,400 –54 to +85 ext <0.5 W operating, <0.3

mW Keep alive

active remote (E) The worlds smallest, lightest , lowest powered SAASM-

based GPS receiver in the world

<60s <8s <15s nr DS-101, 1PPS, 10PPS input, antenna(s) 9,600–230,400 –54 to +85 ext <2W passive, 2-element (E) 2-card GPS-AJ system with 2-element digital nulling;

20k-Gee hardened, Deep Integration capable

<60s <8s <15s nr RS-422, RS-232, DS-102, DS-101, HVQK,

1PPs, antenna

Variable –32 to +70 ext <4 W acquisition, <3 W

tracking

passive (E) Updated NavStrike GPS receiver using same form-factor,

interfaces

<60s <8s <15s nr RS-422, DS-102, DS-101, HVQK, 1PPs,

antenna (4)

Variable -20 to +60 ext <12 W continuous active remote, 4-element (E) 2-card integrated GPS-AJ system with 4-element RF

interface

<100s <70s <15s for <15min 3 RS-232, RS-422; radio, crypto, HVQK, 1

PPS, 10 PPS, SINCGARS, ant.

Variable –32 to +70 ext 9–32 V DC/intl

4 AA batteries

< 0.7 W tracking, < 1.5 W

acquisition

active integral or active remote (E) THE handheld GPS receiver used by the US Army and other

services. Proven with over 450K units delivered.

Unveri¿ed as of

this date

<25s Unveri¿ed as of this date 1 RS-232, key¿ll, external power Variable –54 to +85 Intl 2 AA batteries Unveri¿ed as of this date integral SAASM-based, small, light-weight, portable 12-channel all-

in-view, with commercial style graphical user interface

<100s <70s <15s for <15min 3 RS-232, RS-422; radio, HVQK, 1 PPS, 10

PPS, SINCGARS, ant.

variable -54° to +85° ext 9–32 V DC/intl

4 AA batteries

< 0.7 W tracking, < 1.5 W

acquisition

active integral or active remote (E) Small, light-weight, portable 12-channel all-in-view GPS

receiver

<60s <10s <15s nr RS-232, RS-422, DS-102, DS-101, HVQK,

1PPs, DP RAM

up to 921kbaud -40°C to +71°C ext <3 W active or passive GRAM-S (SEM-E) module

<60s <10s <15s nr RS-232, RS-422, DS-102, DS-101,

HVQK, 1PPs

9600-230400 -55 °C to +71 °C ( ext <2W Active or passive ASR Form Factor

<60s <10s <15s 4 Dual redundant, RS-422 interfaces as

SHCI buses; 1553; DS101/102; HVQK

300–230,400; -40 to +85 115V/400Hz 36 Passive 7-element CRPA

na na na 2 Dual redundant, RS-422 interfaces as

SHCI buses; 1553; DS101/102; HVQK

19.2 kbps - 115.2 kbps -40 to +85 28VDC 10 Active 4-element CRPA AJ accessory with RF output

<45s <15s (after

reset)

<1s 3,1,1,1 RS232, USB, event marker, PPS out 300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps -40 to +85 3.3V DC 500mW (E) Compact low-power dual frequency GPS/GLONASS

OEM receiver

<75s <3s 4 RS232 or RS422 (ARINC ready) 300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps -40 to + 60 3 - 5.5 VDC 3W max (E) FAA TSO certi¿able aviation receiver (BETA-3)




mode


satellites tracked


application 1




Time

(nanosec)

Position Àx update

rate (sec)

Septentrio

continued

AsteRx3 OEM 136 par. GPS L1, C/A L2, P-code & CP; L2C; L5 code &

CP, GALILEO L1 code & CP; E5abAltBOC code &

CP; GLONASS L1L2L2CA, P-Code; COMPASS,

QZSS, WAAS/EGNOS

All in View

GPS+GLONASS+GALILEO

ADGLMMetNOPRTV2 60 x 90mm 60 gr 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/

5mm + 1 ppm

10 25Hz

AsteRx3 HDC 136 par. as above as above ADGLMMetNOPRTV1 130 x 185 x 46mm 510 gr 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/

5mm + 1 ppm

10 25Hz

AsteRx2eH OEM 272 par. GPS+GLONASS L1, C/A and P-code & CP; L2,

P-code & CP; WAAS/EGNOS

14 ADGLMMetNOPRTV2 77 x 120mm 90 gr 1.3m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/ 5mm

+ 1 ppm/0.3-0.6°/m

10 20Hz

AsteRx2eH PRO 272 par. as above 14 ADGLMMetNOPRTV1 245 x 140 x 37mm 930 gr 1.3m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/ 5mm

+ 1 ppm/0.3-0.6°/m

10 20Hz

AsteRx2i OEM 136 par. as above All in View GPS+GLONASS ADGHLMMetNOPRTV2 60 x 90mm 60 gr 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/

5mm + 1 ppm

10 50Hz

AsteRx2i HDC 136 par. as above as above ADGHLMMetNOPRTV1 130 x 185 x 46mm 510 gr 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/

5mm + 1 ppm

10 50Hz

AsteRx2e OEM 136 par. GPS+GLONASS L1, C/A & CP; L2, P-code & CP;

L2C; WAAS/EGNOS

as above ADGHLMMetNOPRTV2 60 x 90mm 60 gr 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/

5mm + 1 ppm

10 25Hz

AsteRx2e HDC 136 par. as above as above ADGHLMMetNOPRTV1 130 x 185 x 46mm 510 gr 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/

5mm + 1 ppm

10 25Hz

AsteRx2eL OEM 136 par. GPS+GLONASS L1, C/A & CP; L2, P-code & CP;

L2C; WAAS/EGNOS, L-Band (TERRASTAR)

as above ADGHLMMetNOPRTV2 60 x 90mm 60 gr 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/

5mm + 1 ppm

10 25Hz

AsteRx2eL HDC 136 par. as above as above ADGLMMetNOPRTV1 130 x 185 x 46mm 510 gr 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/

5mm + 1 ppm

10 25Hz

PolaRx4 PRO 264 Par. GPS L1, C/A L2, P-code & CP; L2C; L5 code &


WAAS/EGNOS; GLONASS L1 L2 L2 CA, P,

COMPASS, QZSS

All in View ADGHLMMetNOPRTV1 235 x 140 x 37mm 980 gr 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/

5mm + 1 ppm

10 50Hz

PolaRx4TR PRO 264 par. GPS L1, C/A L2, P-code & CP; L2C; L5 code &


WAAS/EGNOS; GLONASS L1 L2 L2 CA, P,

COMPASS, QZSS

as above DGLMetOPRTV1 235 x 140 x 37mm 980 gr 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/

5mm + 1 ppm

10 50Hz

PolaRxS PRO 136 par. GPS L1, C/A L2, P-code & CP; L2C; L5 code &

CP, GALILEO L1 code & CP; E5abAltBOC code &

CP; WAAS/EGNOS, COMPASS, QZSS

All in View

GPS+GLO+GALILEO

DGLMetOPRTV1 300 x 140 x 37mm 980 gr 1.3m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/

5mm + 1 ppm

10 100Hz

PolaRx2e@ OEM 48 par. L1, C/A and P-code & CP; L2, P-code & CP;

WAAS/EGNOS

9 + 1 SBAS; 16; 12 ADGLMMetNOPRTV2 160 x 100mm (Eurocard) 120 gr 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/ 5mm

+ 1 ppm/0.3-0.6°/m

10 10Hz

PolaRx2e@ PRO 48 par. as above 9 + 1 SBAS; 16; 12 ADGLMMetNOPRTV1 280 x 140 x 37mm 930 gr 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/ 5mm

+ 1 ppm/0.3-0.6°/m

10 10Hz

SILICOM

www.silicom.eu

SORGA 12 L1C/A, L1C, L2C, L5, E1, E5, G1, G2, SBAS,

Military

36 ADGHLMMetNOS2 na: Pure real-time

Software

na <5m autonomous (L1C/A) monofreq. na 10 Hz PVT

CIPREE 50 L1C/A, L1C, L2C, L5, E1, E5, G1, G2, SBAS,

Military

>50 ADGHLMMetNOS2 150mm x 150mm x

350mm

2.3 kg <1 to 5m autonomous (L1C/A,

L2C, SBAS)

20 ns 10 Hz PVT

SiFEnR_One_By_One 3 gnss frequencies ALL SIGNALS all existing constellations ADGHLMMetNOS2 98.3 x 22 x 300mm 800g na na na

SkyTraq Technology, Inc.

www.skytraq.com.tw

Venus628LP 65 L1 GPS, SBAS 12 ACDGHLMMetNPRTV2 7 x 7 x 0.75mm 0.1g <2.5m/nr/nr/nr(CEP) 60ns 1,2,4,5,8,10,20Hz

Venus638LPx 65 L1 GPS, SBAS 12 ACDGHLMMetNPRTV2 10 x 10 x 1.3mm 0.3g <2.5m/nr/nr/nr(CEP) 60ns 1,2,4,5,8,10,20Hz

Venus638FLPx 65 L1 GPS, SBAS 12 ACDGHLMMetNPRTV2 10 x 10 x 1.3mm 0.3g <2.5m/<2.0m/nr/nr(CEP) 60ns 1,2,4,5,8,10,20Hz

S2532DR 65 L1 GPS, SBAS 12 ACDHLMNTV2 25 x 32 x 2.3mm 4g <2.5m/nr/nr/nr(CEP) 60ns 1,5,10Hz

S1722G2F 88 L1 GLONASS/GPS, SBAS 24 ACDGHLMMetNPRTV2 17 x 22 x 2.3mm 2g <2.5m/nr/nr/nr(CEP) 6ns 1Hz

S2532G2DR 88 L1 GLONASS/GPS, SBAS 24 ACDHLMNTV2 25 x 32 x 2.3 mm 5g <2.5m/nr/nr/nr(CEP) 6ns 1,5,10Hz

Venus8410 167 L1 GLONASS/GPS/COMPASS/GALILEO,

SBAS, QZSS

32 ACDGHLMMetNPRTV2 6 x 6 x .75mm 0.1g <2.5m/<2.0m/nr/nr(CEP) 6ns 1,2,4,5,8,10,20,25,40,

50Hz

Sokkia

www.sokkia.com

GRX2 226 Channels with

Universal Tracking

Channel Technology

GPS: L1 C/A, L2C, L2 P(Y); GLONASS: L1/L2

code and carrier

>50 GL1 184 (Ø) x 95mm 1.1 kg 2–3m /50cm /10mm/3mm 10 0.05

GSX2 226 Channels with

Universal Tracking

Channel Technology


code and carrier

>50 GL1 150 x 150 x 64 (mm) 0.85 kg 2–3m /40cm /10mm/3mm 10 0.01

Spectra Precision

www.spectraprecision.com

www.ashtech.com

ProMark 120 45 par. SBAS; GPS L1 C/A ; Glonass L1 C/A All-in-view HGLN1 9.0 x 19.0 x 4.3cm 0.63 kg 3m/30cm+1ppm/1cm+1ppm/0.5cm+1

ppm

100 0.05s

ProMark 220 45 par. SBAS; GPS L1 C/A L1/L2 P-code, L2C; Glonass

L1 C/A, L2 C/A

All-in-view HGLN1 9.0 x 19.0 x 4.3cm 0.63 kg 3m/25cm+1ppm/1cm+1ppm/0.5cm+1

ppm

100 0.05s

Epoch 50 220 GPS L1C/A, L2C, L2P, L5; GLONASS L1C/A,

L1P, L2C/A, L2P; SBAS L1C/A, L5; Galileo

GIOVE-A and GIOVE-B

44 GHLPR1 19.0 x 10.7 x 20.0cm 1.34 kg 1–5m/25cm+1ppm/1cm+1ppm/3mm+

0.1 ppm

100 1s

ProMark 800 120 par. GPS L1 C/A L1/L2 P-code, L2 C, L5, L1/L2/L5

full wavelength carrier; GLONASS L1 C/A and L2

C/A, L1/L2 full wavelength carrier; GALILEO E1

and E5 ; SBAS code and carrier

All-in-view GL1 22.8 x 18.8 x 8.4cm 1.4 kg 3m/25cm+1ppm/1cm+1ppm/3mm

+0.5ppm

nr 0.05s

ProFlex 800 120 par. GPS L1 C/A L1/L2 P-code, L2 C, L5, L1/L2/L5

full wavelength carrier; GLONASS L1 C/A and L2

C/A, L1/L2 full wavelength carrier; GALILEO E1

and E5 ; SBAS code and carrier

12GPS/12Glonass/3SBAS

+ low signal acquisition

engines

AGLMNOPR1 21.5 x 20 x 7.6cm 2.1 kg 3m/25cm+1ppm/1cm+1ppm/3mm

+0.5ppm

nr 0.05s

Spectrum Instruments

www.spectruminstruments.com

Custom Time/Frequency

Modules

12 or 16 par. L1, C/A-code 12 or 16 ADGLMMetOPT12 Various Various 2.5m/2.0m CEP 10 1

TM-4 12 or 16 par. L1, C/A-code 12 or 16 DGLMMetNOPT1 4.0 x 1.5 x 4.125in Rack

Brax avail.

1 lb 2.5m/2.0m CEP 15 1

TM-4D 12 or 16 par. L1, C/A-code 12 or 16 DGLMetOPT1 19.0 x 1.75 x 8.0in 6.5 lb 2.5m/2.0m CEP 10 1

TM-4M, TM4-M+,

TM4-M/D

12 or 16 par. L1, C/A-code 12 or 16 DGLMMetOPT1 9.5 x 1.75 x 9.0in 4 lb 2.5m/2.0m CEP 10 1

TM-4MR 12 or 16 par. L1, C/A-code 12 or 16 DGLMMetOPT1 9.5 x 3.5 x 12.0in Rack

Mountable

7.5 lb 2.5m/2.0m CEP 5 1

TM4-MRII 12 or 16 par. L1, C/A-code 12 or 16 DLMetOPT1 19.0 x 3.5 x 8.0in 6 lb 2.5m/2.0m CEP 5 1

TM-4OEM 12 or 16 par. L1, C/A-code 12 or 16 ADGLMMetOPT2 3.875 x 1.0 x 4.00in 0.5 lb 2.5m/2.0m CEP 10 1

TM4-PC/104 12 or 16 par. L1, C/A-code 12 or 16 ADGLMMetOPT2 3.775 x 0.497 x 3.55in 0.5 lb 2.5m/2.0m CEP 10 1

TM4-SN, TM4-S 16 par. L1, C/A-code 16 ADGLMNOPT2 5.1 x 1.0 x 1.6in 0.5 lb 2.5m/2.0m CEP 15 1

TM5-OEM 16 par. L1, C/A-code 16 ADGLMNOPT2 60 x 114 x 16mm 0.5 lb 2.5m/2.0m CEP 10 1

STMicroelectronics

www.st.com/gps

Cartesio PLUS (STA2064) 32 GPS/Galileo (L1), SBAS 32 ACDGLHMNPTV 15 x 15 x 1.2mm na 2m/1.5m/na/na <50(rms) 1Hz

Cartesio PLUS (STA2065) 32 GPS/Galileio (L1), SBAS 32 ACDGLHMNPTV 16 x 16 x 1.2mm na 2m/1.5m/na/na <50(rms) 1Hz

Teseo Chipset 16 GPS (L1), SBAS 13 ACDGLHMNPTV2 RF 5x5mm BB 10x10mm na 2m/1.5m/na/na 50 (rms) 1Hz

Teseo MCM (STA8058) 16 GPS (L1), SBAS 13 ACDGLHMNPTV2 11 x 7 x 1.4mm na 2m/1.5m/na/na 50 (rms) 1Hz

TeseoII SOC;

(STA8088EXG)

32 GPS/Galileio/Glonass QZSS (L1), SBAS 32 ACDGLHMNPTV2 9x9x1.2 na 2m/1.5m/na/na <50(rms) 1Hz/5Hz/10Hz

TeseoII SAL; (STA8088FG) 32 GPS/Galileio/Glonass QZSS (L1), SBAS 32 ACDGLHMNPTV2 7x7x1 na 2m/1.5m/na/na <50(rms) 1Hz/5Hz/10Hz

RF Front-End (STA5620) na L1 na ACDGLHMNPTV2 5 x 5 x 1.0mm na na na na

RF Front-End (STA5630) na L1 na ACDGLHMNPTV2 5 x 5 x 1.0mm na na na na

Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd.

www.sstl.co.uk

SGR-10 24 GPS L1 C/A >12 NS1 160 x 50 x 160mm 1 kg <10m/-/-/1m (95%) 500 1

SGR-20 24 GPS L1 C/A >12 NOS1 160 x 50 x 160mm 1 kg <10m/-/-/1m (95%) 500 1

SGR-07 12 GPS L1 C/A 12 NS1 120 x 47 x 76mm 450g <10m/-/-/1m (95%) 500 1

SGR-05P 12 GPS L1 C/A 12 NS2 70 x 10 x 70mm 60 g <10m/-/-/1m (95%) 500 1

SGR-05U 12 GPS L1 C/A 12 NS2 70 x 10 x 45mm 30 g <10m/-/-/1m (95%) 500 1

SGR-ReSI 24 GPS L1 C/A, L2C >12 NS1 300 x 40 x 200mm 1 kg 10m/-/-/<1m (95%) 500 1

SGR-Axio 24 GPS L1 C/A, L2C >12 NS1 160 x 50 x 180mm 1 kg 5m/-/-/<1m (95%) 100 1

Symmetricom

www.symmetricom.com

bc637PCIe 8 par. L1 only, C/A-code 8 ADLMMetNPRT12 (dd) PCI Express Low Pro¿le nr/nr/25m 170 1




(degrees Celsius)


(Watts)


<45s <15s (after

reset)

<1s 4,1, 1, 2, 1 RS232, Ethernet, USB, event marker,

PPS out

300–230,400, 10 Mbps –40 to +85 3–5.5 V DC 2.5W typ (E) Triple frequency high accuracy GPS/GLONASS/GALILEO

OEM receiver.

<45s <15s (after

reset)

<1s 3, 1,1, 2, 1 as above 300–230,400, 10 Mbps –40 to +60 9–30 V DC 3W typ (E) Tripple frequency high accuracy GPS/GLONASS/

GALILEO receiver in a versatile waterproof high-impact

plastic housing.

<45s <15s (after

reset)

<1s 4, 1,1, 2, 1, 2 RS-232, Ethernet, USB, event marker,

PPS out, Ref in/out

300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps -40 to + 85 5 V DC 4W typ (E) Single-board, dual-antenna/heading GPS/GLONASS/SBAS

receiver board

<45s <15s (after

reset)

<1s 4, 1,1, 2, 1, 2 as above 300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps -40 to + 60 9-30 V DC 5W typ (E) High precision dual-frequency 2-antenna GPS/GLONASS/

SBAS heading receiver

<45s <15s (after

reset)

<1s 4, 1, 2, 1 RS232, USB, event marker, PPS out 300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps -40 to + 85 3.3V DC 2W IMU incl (E) high precision IMU enhanced GPS/GLONASS Dual-

frequency OEM receiver.

<45s <15s (after

reset)

<1s 3, 1, 2, 1 as above 300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps -40 to + 60 9–30 V DC 2.5W IMU incl (E) high precision IMU enhanced GPS/GLONASS Dual-

frequency receiver in a versatile waterproof high-impact

plastic housing.

<45s <15s (after

reset)

<1s 2, 1, 1, 2, 1,1 RS232, Ethernet, USB, event marker,

PPS out, Ref in

300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps -40 to +85 3.3V DC 1.5W typ (E) Dual frequency high accuracy GPS/GLONASS OEM

receiver .

<45s <15s (after

reset)


PPS out

300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps -40 to + 60 9–30 V DC 2W typ (E) Dual frequency high accuracy GPS/GLONASS receiver in a

versatile waterproof high-impact plastic housing.

<45s <15s (after

reset)


PPS out

300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps -40 to + 60 3–5.5 V DC 2.5W typ (E) Dual frequency high accuracy GPS/GLONASS OEM

receiver. TERRASTAR supported.

<45s <15s (after

reset)

<1s 3, 1,1, 2, 1 as above 300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps -40 to + 60 9–30 V DC 3W typ (E) Dual frequency high accuracy GPS/GLONASS receiver

in a versatile waterproof high-impact plastic housing.

TERRASTAR supported.

<45s <15s (after

reset)

<1s 2, 1, 1, 2, 1,1 RS232, Ethernet, USB, event marker,

PPS out, Ref in

300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps -40 to + 70 9–30 V DC 6W typ (E) Multi-frequency GNSS reference receiver.

<45s <15s (after

reset)

<1s 2,1, 1, 2, 1,1,1,1 RS232, Ethernet, USB, event marker, PPS

out, Ref in, PPS in, Ref out

300–230,400, 10 Mbps –30 to +70 9–30 V DC 6W typ (E) Multi-frequency GNSS reference receiver for highly accurate

timing and frequency transfer

<45s <15s (after

reset)

<1s 4, 1, 2, 1, 2 RS232, Ethernet, event marker, PPS

out, Ref out

300–230,400, 10 Mbps –30 to +70 9–30 V DC 6W typ (E) Scintillation monitoring receiver

<90s <20s (after

reset)

<2s 4, 1, 2, 1, 2 RS-232, Ethernet, event marker, PPS

out, Ref in/out

na na 5 V DC Application-dependent (E) Single-board, triple-antenna/attitude GPS/SBAS receiver

board

<90s <20s (after

reset)

<2s 4, 1, 2, 1, 1 RS-232, Ethernet, event marker, PPS

out, Ref in

115kbps, 1Gb/s 10°C to + 40°C for

standard version

9–30 V DC Application-dependent (E) Versatile and high precision attitude GPS/SBAS receiver

<40s <20s <2s na na 8.4Gb/s (FMC) 10°C to + 40°C na na na Real Time Software Receiver, runs on PC, proposed to be

ported by SILICOM on any hardware

<40s <20s <2s 2 Serial, Ethernet 4800/9600/38400/115200 -40 to +85 ext 35W E FPGA Based multiconstellation Receiver

na na na 2 FMC, PCI express (if delivered with

FMC Boad)

4800/9600/38400/115200 -40 to +85 ext 25W E 3 channel input RF Stage

29s 28s <1s 1 UART 4800/9600/38400/115200 -40 to +85 ext 0.067 active or passive ROM GPS chipset

29s 28s <1s 1 UART 4800/9600/38400/115200 -40 to +85 ext 0.06 active or passive ROM GPS module

29s 28s <1s 5 2 UART, 2 SPI, I2C 4800/9600/38400/115200 -40 to +85 ext 0.067 active or passive Flash GPS module

1s 1s <1s 1 UART 4800/9600/38400/115200 -40 to +85 ext 0.13 active Dead-Reckoning GPS module

29s 28s <1s 1 UART 4800/9600/38400/115200 -40 to +85 ext 0.2 active GLONASS/GPS module

1s 1s <1s 1 UART 460800 –40 to +65 ext 0.25 active Dead-Reckoning GLONASS/GPS module

26s 25s <1s 3 UART, SPI, I2C 460800 –40 to +65 ext 0.02 active or passive GLONASS /GPS/Compass/Galileo, SBAS, QZSS chipset

<40 <20s <1s 2 RS-232, Ext Power 2,400–115,200 –20 to +60 ext./int. 4 int. Internal UHF digital radio and cellular option; Bluetooth

<40 <20s <1s 2 RS-232/Ext Power and mini USB 2,400–115,200 –20 to +60 ext./int. 2 int. LongRange Technology; Bluetooth

90s 15s 15s 3 RS232, USB, Bluetooth up to 115200 -40 to +60 Ext./int. 3 Patch internal, patch active

(ER) ext.

Versatile GNSS solution with exceptional post-processing

90s 15s 15s 3 RS232, USB, Bluetooth up to 115200 –30 to +55 Ext./int. 3 Patch internal, patch active

(ER) ext.

All-in-one solution for network RTK

60s 30s 15s 3 2 x RS232, Bluetooth RS232/422: up to 921.6

kbits/sec; USB 2.0 host

& device; Bluetooth 2.0 +

EDR Class 2, SPP pro¿le

-30 to +65 Int./ext. 4.4 Internal patch (ER) Survey-grade GNSS receiver capable of high accuracy

positioning

110s 30s 3s 4 RS232, RS422, USB, Bluetooth Selectable to 115,200 -40 to +85 Int./ext. 4.5 Internal patch active. GPS/GLO/

GAL L1/L2/L5

The Full GNSS Productivity; GNSS Centric; Z-Blade

90s 35s 3s 7 1 RS232/RS422, 2 RS232, USB,

Bluetooth, Ethernet, 3.5G/GPRS GSM,

Earth terminal

Selectable to 115,200 -20 to +70 Int./ext. with UHF and GNSS

antenna < 5

External active antenna depending

on application: Geodetic Survey

Antenna, Machine, Marine or

Choke Ring

Outstanding GNSS Performance in Ultra Rugged Design;

GNSS Centric; Z-Blade

<35s <38s <1s Various sine, 1PPS, RS-232, TTL, IRIG B,

NTP, various

Selectable to 115,200 -20 to +70 ext Various ext. Customizable time/frequency platform

<35s <38s <1s 2, 9 as above Selectable to 115,200 -20 to +70 ext 3.2 ext. Time/Frequency reference instrument. IRIG-B

<35s <38s <1s 24, 9 as above Selectable to 115,200 0 to +70 ext 4 ext. Time/Frequency instrument with integrated Distribution

Ampli¿er. IRIG-capable.

<35s <38s <1s 6, 9 as above Selectable to 115,200 0 to +70 Universal AC 3.2 ext. Time/Frequency instrument with internal UPS

<35s <38s <1s 6, 9 as above Selectable to 115,200 -20 to +70 or -40 to +85 Universal AC < 12 ext. Time/Frequency instrument with Rubidium oscillator and

integrated UPS

<35s <38s <1s 6, 9 as above Selectable to 115,200 -20 to +70 or -40 to +85 Universal AC <12 ext. Time/Frequency instrument with Rubidium oscillator.

Rack Mount

<35s <38s <1s 2, 9 as above Selectable to 115,200 -40 to +85 ext Various to under 2 W ext. Board level module, Time/Frequency, IRIG-B

<35s <38s <1s 3, 9 10 MHz sine(x2), 1PPS, RS-232, TTL,

IRIG B, NTP, various

Selectable to 115,200 -20 to +70 or -40 to +85 ext as above ext. Board level module, Time/Frequency, IRIG-B, PC/104

compliant

<35s <38s <1s 2, 5 10 MHz LVDS, 1PPS LVDS, TTL, Custom 4800-115500 -40 to + 85 ext as above ext. Board level module, Time/Frequency, MGRS, WAAS, High

Sensitivity, Fully Shielded

<35s <38s <1s 2, 8 sine, 1PPS, TTL, various 4800-115500 -40 to + 85 ext 3.2 ext. Board level module, Time/Frequency, high sensitivity, WAAS,

Fully Shielded

35s 34s <1s 17 UART, SPI, I2C, USB, CAN, SD/MMC,

I2S/TDM, SPDIF, GPIOs

4800-115500 -40 to + 85 1.25V Variable (inquire) E (passive & active) Infotainment application processor with embedded GPS

35s 34s <1s 22 UART, SPI, I2C, USB, CAN, USB, SD/

MMC, I2S/TDM, SPDIF, SmartCard,

GPIOs

4800-115500 -40 to + 85 1.25V Variable (inquire) E (passive & active) Infotainment application processor with embedded GPS

39s 34s <1s 10 UART, SPI, I2C, USB and CAN 4800-115500 -40 to + 85 ext/int Variable (inquire) E (passive & active) Embedded Flash + EMI

39s 34s <1s 9 UART, SPI, I2C, USB and CAN 4800-115500 -40 to + 85 ext/int Variable (inquire) E (passive & active) Embedded Flash

35s 34s <1s UART, SPI, SQI, 2C, USB, CAN, , SD/

MMC, I2S, FSMC, GPIOs

na -40 to + 85 1.2V/1.8V Variable (inquire) E (passive & active) Multiconstellation Sistem On Chip

35s 34s <1s UART, SPI, SQI, 2C, USB, CAN, ,GPIOs na -40 to + 85 1.2V/1.8V Variable (inquire) E (passive & active) Multiconstenstellatin Stand-Alone

na na na na na 9,600–38,400 –20 to +50 2.56 - 3.3V 40mW na Fully integrated RF Front-end

na na na na na 9,600–38,400 –20 to +50 1.62-1.98V 29mW na Low power GPS-Galileo RF Front-end

3.5min 60s nr 2 RS-422, CAN bus 9,600–38,400 –20 to +50 External <6 2 patch + LNAs Heritage space receiver

3.5min 60s nr 2 RS-422, CAN bus 9,600–38,400 –20 to +50 External <7 4 patch + LNAs Spacecraft att. determ.

9m/2m 60s nr 2 RS-422, CAN bus 9,600–38,400 –20 to +50 External <2 1 patch + LNA Packaged SGR-05P

9m/2m 60s nr 2 TTL, RS422, CAN 9,600–115,200 –20 to +50 External 1.5 1 Quadri¿lar/patch + LNA Rdcd-size OEM w TMR

9min 60s nr 1 UART TTL 9,600–115,200 –20 to +50 External 1 1 Quadri¿lar + LNA University-grade space OEM

3/2min 60s nr 3 RS-422, CAN bus, LVDS External 10 Four spiral array, plus standard

patches

Remote Sensing Capability (ReÀection & RO)

3/2min 60s nr 3 RS-422, CAN bus, LVDS na 0 to +70 External 4-6 Up to 4 patches New Generation Space Receiver

na 0 to +70




mode


satellites tracked


application 1




Time

(nanosec)

Position Àx update

rate (sec)

Symmetricom

continued

bc637PCI-V2 8 par. L1 only, C/A-code 8 ADLMMetNPRT12 (dd) Single-width (4.2 x

6.875in)

module =

5.8 oz

nr/nr/25m 170 1

bc637PMC 8 par. L1 only, C/A-code 8 ADLMMetNPRT12 (dd) Std (2.91 x 5.86in) height

10mm

module =

3.4 oz

nr/nr/25m 1000 1

XLi 12 par L1 only, C/A-code 12 ADLMMetNT1 17 x 1.75 x 15.4in 10 lb Autonomous <30 1

XL-GPS 12 par L1 only, C/A-code 12 ADLMMetNT1 17 x 1.75 x 15.4in 8 lb Autonomous <30 1

XLi SAASM GB-GRAM 12 par L1/L2 12 ADLMMetNT1 17 x 1.75 x 15.4in 10 lb Autonomous <30 1

SyncServer S250 12 par L1 only, C/A-code 12 ADLMMetNT1 17 x 1.75 x 15.4in 9 lb Autonomous <100 1

SyncServer S350 12 par L1 only, C/A-code 12 ADLMMetNT1 17 x 1.75 x 15.4in 9 lb Autonomous <100 1

SyncServer S350 SAASM 12 par L1/L2 12 ADLMMetNT1 17 x 1.75 x 15.4in 9 lb Autonomous <100 1

Tallysman Wireless

www.tallysman.com

TW5300 16 GPS L1 C/A code, 16 GPS 16 LV1 66.5 x 21mm 150gm ~10m na 1Hz

TW5310 16 GPS L1 C/A code, 16 GPS 16 DLMNV1 66.5 x 21mm 150gm ~10m <100ns 1Hz

TW5330 16 GPS L1 C/A code, 16 GPS 16 DLMNT1 66.5 x 21mm 150gm ~10m <100ns 1Hz

TW5210 16 GPS L1 C/A code, 16 GPS 16 DLMNV1 57 x 15mm 175 gm ~10m <100ns 1Hz

TW5115 16 GPS L1 C/A code, 16 GPS 16 2 33 x 33 x 7.6mm 30gm ~10m <100ns 1Hz

THALES - Avionics Division

www.thalesgroup.com

GNSS 1000C 12 L1 : C/A All in view ADLMNPT2 149.35 x 144.65 x; 19mm 430 g < 5m (95%) < 50 10Hz

GNSS 1000G 20 par. GPS L1 C/A code and; GLONASS L1 10 GPS + 10; GLONASS ADLMN2 149.35 x 144.65 x; 19mm 430 g < 30m (95%) < 50 5Hz

GNSS 1000S, SAASM-

Based

24 par. L1 : C/A, P or Y code; L2 : P or Y code All in view ADLMNPT2 149.35 x 144.65 x; 19mm 430 g < 5m (95%) < 50 10Hz

GNSS 100-2,; SAASM-

Based

24 par. L1 : C/A, P or Y code; L2 : P or Y code All in view ADLMNPT1 221.5 x 162 x; 67.3mm 1,6 kg < 5m (95%) < 50 10Hz

GNSS 100-3, SAASM-Based 24 par. L1 : C/A, P or Y code; L2 : P or Y code All in view ADLMNPT1 211 x 160 x 49mm 1,4 kg < 5m (95%) < 50 10Hz

TOPSTAR 200NG 12 L1 : C/A All in view AN1 66 x 216 x 241mm 1,6 kg < 15m, 5m; (SBAS), 2.5; m (GBAS)

(95%)

< 50 1Hz or 5Hz

Topcon

www.topconpositioning.com

GR-5 216 Universal

Tracking Channels

GPS: L1, L2, & L5 carrier; C/A L1, P L1, P L2,

L2C - GLONASS: L1, L2, & L5 carrier, C/A

L1, P L1, P L2, C/A L2 - Galileo: Giove-A,B

(E1 and E5a)

>50 GL1 158.1 x 253.0 x 158.1mm 1.44 kg 2–3m /30cm /10mm/3mm 10 0.01

HiPer V 226 Channels with

Universal Tracking

Channel Technology


code and carrier

>50 GL1 184 (Ø) x 95mm 1.1 kg 2–3m /50cm /10mm/3mm 10 0.05

HiPer SR 226 Channels with

Universal Tracking

Channel Technology


code and carrier

>50 GL1 150 x 150 x 64 (mm) 0.85 kg 2–3m /40cm /10mm/3mm 10 0.01

Net G3A 144 Universal

Tracking Channels

GPS: L1, L2, & L5 carrier; C/A L1, P L1, P L2,



(E1 and E5a)

>50 GLR1 166 x 93 x 275mm 3.0 kg 2–3m /30cm /10mm/3mm 10 0.01

GB-3 72 See GR-3 36 GL1 110 x 35 x 240mm 0.6 kg 2–3m /30cm /10mm/3mm 10 0.05

MR-1 72 Universal

Tracking Channels


code and carrier; WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS

20 GLM1 115x35x155mm 0.4 Kg 2–3m /30cm /10mm/3mm 10 0.01

GRS-1 72 Universal

Tracking Channels


code and carrier; SBAS

36 GHNLR7E 199 x 90 x 63mm 0.67 2–3m /30cm /10mm/3mm 10 0.05

B110 226 Universal

Tracking Channels


code and carrier; Galileo E1 and Compass ready

>50 2 40 x 55 x 10mm na 2–3m /30cm /10mm/3mm 10 0.01

OEM-1 72 Universal

Tracking Channels


code and carrier; WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS

20 2 60 x 13 x 100mm < 60 gms 2–3m /30cm /10mm/3mm 10 0.01

112 PII 144 GPS: L1, L2, & L5 carrier; C/A L1, P L1, P L2,



(E1 and E5a)

>50 2 112 x 14.7 x 100mm na 2–3m /30cm /10mm/3mm 10 0.01

Trimble

www.trimble.com

Trimble AP10 Board Set 72 GPS L1/L2, GLONASS L1/L2, SBAS, QZSS,

GALILEO, OmniSTAR

24 ADGLMNOPR2 167 x 100 x 45Hmm

(including IMU)

0.68 kg

(including

IMU)

1.5 – 3m/0.25- 1m/0.02 - 0.05m

/0.02 - 0.05m

100 200Hz


GALILEO, OmniSTAR

24 ADGLMNOPR2 130 x 100 x 39Hmm (not

including IMU)

0.35 kg (not

including

IMU)

1.5 – 3m/0.5 - 2m/0.02 - 0.05m

/0.02 - 0.05m

100 100Hz


GALILEO, OmniSTAR


including IMU)

0.35 kg (not

including

IMU)

1.5 – 3m/0.5 - 2m/0.02 - 0.05m

/0.02 - 0.05m

100 200Hz


GALILEO, OmniSTAR


including IMU)

0.35 kg (not

including

IMU)

1.5 – 3m/0.5 - 2m/0.02 - 0.05m

/0.02 - 0.05m

100 200Hz


GALILEO, OmniSTAR


including IMU)

0.35 kg (not

including

IMU)

1.5 – 3m/0.5 - 2m/0.02 - 0.05m

/0.02 - 0.05m

100 200Hz

BD910 GNSS Receiver 220 GPS L1/L2, GLONASS L1/L2, SBAS, QZSS,

GALILEO, COMPASS

44 DGLMNPRTV2 41 x 41 x 7mm 0.7 oz 1–5m/0.25m+0.5ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+

0.1 ppm

100 20


GALILEO, COMPASS

44 DGLMNPRTV2 51 x 41 x 7mm 0.85 oz 1–5m/0.25m+0.5ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+

0.1 ppm

100 50

BD920 -W3G GNSS

Receiver

220 GPS L1/L2, GLONASS L1/L2, SBAS, QZSS,

GALILEO, COMPASS

44 DGLMNPRTV2 50 x 62 x 14mm 54 oz 1–5m/0.25m+0.5ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+

0.1 ppm

100 50

BD982 GNSS Heading

Receiver

220 x 2 GPS L1/L2, GLONASS L1/L2, SBAS, QZSS,

GALILEO, VECTOR Antenna -GPS, GLONASS

44 DGLMNPRTV2 100 x 84.9 x 11.6mm 3.2 oz 1–5m/0.25m+0.5ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+

0.1 ppm

100 50


GALILEO, COMPASS

44 DGLMNPRTV2 100 x 60 x 11.6mm 2.2 oz 1–5m/0.25m+0.5ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+

0.1 ppm

100 50

BX982 GNSS Heading

Receiver

220 x 2 GPS L1/L2, GLONASS L1/L2, SBAS, QZSS,

GALILEO, VECTOR Antenna -GPS, GLONASS

44 DGLMNPRTV2 262 x 140 x 55mm 1.6 kg 1–5m/0.25m+0.5ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+

0.1 ppm

100 50

Buffalo 32 L1, C/A code GPS, GLONASS, future FW

upgrades for Galileo and Compass

32 AGHLMMETNPV2 19 x 19 x 2.54mm 1.74 grams <1.5 50 1 Hz

Aardvark 22 L1, C/A code 22 AGHLMMETNPV2 16 x 12.2 x 2.13mm 0.544 grams <2.5 1, 5, 10Hz

A3000 22 L1, C/A code 22 LV1 115 x 78 x 26mm 100g <2.5 1, 5, 10Hz

Copernicus II GPS 12 L1, C/A code 12 AGHLMMETNPV2 2.54 H x 19 W x 19 L 0.7 oz 3m 50 1

Condor C1011 22 L1, C/A code 22 AGHLMMETNPV2 10 x 10 x 2mm 0.364 grams <2.5 1Hz

Condor C1216 22 L1, C/A code 22 AGHLMMETNPV2 16 x 12.2 x 2.13mm 0.544 grams <2.5 1Hz

Condor C1722 22 L1, C/A code 22 AGHLMMETNPV2 17 x 22.4 x 2.13mm 0.953 grams <2.5 1Hz

Condor C1919 22 L1, C/A code 22 AGHLMMETNPV2 19 x 19 x 2.54mm 1.74 grams <2.5 1Hz

Condor C2626 22 L1, C/A code 22 AGHLMMETNPV2 26 x 26 x 6mm 6.486 grams <2.5 1Hz

Acutime Gold GPS Smart

Antenna

12 L1 only, C/A-code 8 LMPST1 3.74 D, 2.85in H 5.4 oz 40m CEP; velocity 0.25m/s CEP 50 1

Acutime Gold GPS

Starter Kit

12 L1 only, C/A code 8 LMPST1 5 x 6.12in 12.8 oz na 50 1

Acutime GG Mulit-GNSS

Smart Antenna

12 L1, C/A code GPS, GLONASS, future FW


32 LMPST1 3.74 D, 2.85in H 5.4 oz 40m CEP; velocity 0.25m/s CEP 15 1

Acutime GG Mulit-GNSS

Starter Kit



32 LMPST1 5 x 6.12in 12.8 oz na 15 1

Bullet III GPS Antenna na L1 na TI 3.05 x 2.61 6.0 oz na na na

Bullet Multi-GNSS Antenna na L1, C/A Code GPS & GLONASS na TI 3.05 x 2.61 6.0 oz na na na

Resolution SMT Embedded

GPS Timing Module

14 L1 only, C/A code 14 T2 19 x 19 x 2.54mm 1.8 oz na 15 ns 1Hz

Resolution SMTx Embedded

GPS Timing Module

14 L1 only, C/A code 14 T2 19 x 19 x 2.54mm 1.8 oz na 15 ns 1Hz

Resolution SMT GG

Embedded Multi-GNSS

Timing Moduel



32 T2 19 x 19 x 2.54mm 1.8oz <1.5 15 ns 1 Hz

Resolution T 12 L1 only, C/A code 12 T2 1.25 x 0.33 x 2.61in 0.4 <6m 50%,<9m 90% <15 ns 1

Thunderbolt E Disciplined

Clock

12 L1 only C/A code 12 T2 5 L x 4 w x 2 h 0.628 lbs na <15 ns 1Hz




(degrees Celsius)


(Watts)


20 min 2 min 2 min na Register-based interface Selectable 0 to +50 ext 5V dc 900 mA L1 (ER/WR) PCIbus Universal signaling time/frequency processor

20 min 2 min 2 min na Register-based interface Selectable 0 to +50 ext +5 V DC @ 350 mA L1 (ER/WR) PCI mezzanine card GPS time/frequency processor

<20 min <2 min <2 min 2 RS-232/RS-422 Ethernet Selectable 0 to +50 ext 10-70 watts L1 (ER/WR) Modular, plug-&-play

<20 min <2 min <2 min 2 RS-232/RS-422 Ethernet na 0 to +50 ext 10-30 watts L1 (ER/WR) GPS time and frequency

<20 min <2 min <2 min 2 RS-232/RS-422 Ethernet ext 10-70 watts L1/L2 (ER/WR) Modular, plug-&-play

<20 min <2 min <2 min 3 Ethernet ext 25-45 watts L1 (ER/WR) Network Time Server

Con¿gurable to 115.2kb -45C, +85C

Con¿gurable to 115.2kb -45C, +85C

<39s <34s <1s 1 1 RS-232, 2 digital inputs Con¿gurable to 115.2kb -45C, +85C 12 V ext 1W Integrated Active antenna Integrated Telematics GPS Receiver/Antenna

<39s <34s <1s 1 1 RS-232, differential 1PPS (RS-242) Con¿gurable to 115.2kb -45C, +85C 5V or 12V ext 1W Integrated Active antenna Fixed mount, Integrated GPS Receiver/antenna

<39s <34s <1s 1 1 RS-232, differential 1PPS (RS-242) Con¿gurable to 115.2kb -45C, +85C 5V or 12 V ext 1W Integrated Active antenna Fixed Mount, Timing applications

<39s <34s <1s 1 RS232 & opt USB 115 200 -46°C to; +101°C 5v or 12V ext 1W Integrated Active antenna Magnetic Mount GPS Receiver/Antenna

<39s <34s <1s 1 1 RS-232, 1 CMOS, opt 1PPS 115 200 -46°C to; +92°C 3.3V ext 0.25W Integrated Active antenna OEM GPS Receiver/Antenna

<60s 20s <5s 4, 1, 1, 1, 2 RS 422, DPRAM, DS-101,; DS-102,

HVQK, 1PPS; In/Out

115 200 -46°C to; +101°C External < 10W Ext. Passive; or active (E) SPS receiver, pin to pin compatible with GNSS 1000S.

GPS : 200 s;

GLO : 290 s

GPS : 50 s;

GLO : 60 s

<15s 3, 1 RS 422, DPRAM 4800, 115; 200 -46°C to; +71°C External 14 W Ext. Passive; or active (E)

<60s 20s <5s 4, 1, 1, 1, 2 RS 422, DPRAM, DS-101,; DS-102,

HVQK, 1PPS; In/Out

115200 -45°C to; +82°C External < 10W Ext. Passive; or active (E) SAASM Based,; GRAM-S (SEM E); module

<60s 20s <5s 1 or 2, 2, 1, 1,

1, 1, 2

1553 or ARINC 429,; RS422, NMEA, DS-

101, DS-102, HVQK, 1PPS In/Out

100 000,; 19200 -40°C to; +70°C 28 V dc < 25 W Ext. Passive; or active (E) SAASM Based

<60s 20s <5s 4, 1, 2 RS 422, HVQK, 1PPS; In/Out 460800 –30 to +70 28 V dc < 20 W Ext. Passive; or active (E) SAASM Based

<210s 75s <10s 8,1, 3, 3 ARINC 429, RS 232, Time; Mark Pulse;

discrete

460800 –40 to +65 28 V dc < 18 W Ext. Passive; or active (E) TSO C145; certi¿ed (Beta-3, Delta-4)

<30s <5s <1s 3 RS-232, USB, Ext Pwr 460800 –40 to +65 ext./int. 3.3 int./ext. Internal UHF and FH915 (SpSp) digital radio and cellular

option; Bluetooth

<40 <20s <1s 2 RS-232, Ext Power 460800 40 to +65C ext./int. 4 int. Internal UHF and FH915 (SpSp) digital radio and cellular

option; Bluetooth

<40 <20s <1s 2 RS-232/Ext Power and mini USB 460800 –40 to +60 ext./int. 2 int. LongLink Technology; Bluetooth

<30s <5s <1s 8 4 RS-232, 1 USB, 2 Power, 1 Ethernet 460800 –40 to +75 ext. < 4.5 ext. GNSS reference network receiver; internal back up power

(UPS); upto 5 IP addresses available, client and server

functionality:

<30s <5s 1s 4 RS-232, USB, Ethernet 460800 –40 to +60 ext. 3.3 ext. Modular Recv, 20Hz, Bluetooth, PPS out, EM

<60s <10s <1s 3 1 common port for 2xRS-232 and Power,

2 ext antenna

460800 –40 to +85 ext 4.0W Max ext. GNSS Modular receiver with dual antenna input support

for precise heading (and inclination) determination using

Topcon’s VISOR technology.

<60 s <10 s 1s 3 Mini USB, Power, Mini Serial 460800 –30 to +85 ext./int. 3 int./ext. Internal GSM or CDMA modem; external 2W 915 MgHz TX/

Rx SpSp or DSP digital radio option

<60 s <35 s <1s 9 2 RS232, 4 LVTTL UART, 1 USB, 1 CAN,

1 I2C interface

460800 40 to +65C ext. 1 int./ext. Compact OEM L1/L2 GNSS board for high precision

RTK positioning

<60s <10s <1s 6 3 RS-232, 1 USB, 2 CAN 2,400–115,200 -40 to +75 C ext. 1.8 int./ext. OEM GPS Board with dual antenna input support for precise

heading (and inclination) determination using Topcon’s

VISOR technology.

<30s <5s <1s 6 4 RS-232, 1 Ethernet, 1 USB 2,400–115,200 -40 to +75 C ext. 5 int./ext. OEM GPS Board; USB Host and Device

<60s <30s <15s 1,4,1,5 Ethernet, RS232, 1PPS, Event 2,400–115,200 -40 to +75 C ext < 20 Watts (incl IMU

and ant)

MMCX receptacle GNSS + Inertial for continuous positioning during satellite

blockage

<60s <30s <15s 1,4,1,5 Ethernet, RS232, 1PPS, Event 2,400–115,200 -40 to +75 C ext < 20 Watts (incl ant, not

incl IMU)


blockage and high accuracy orientation for mobile mapping

<60s <30s <15s 1,4,1,5 Ethernet, RS232, 1PPS, Event 2,400–115,200 -40 to +75 C ext < 20 Watts (incl ant, not

incl IMU)



<60s <30s <15s 1,4,1,5 Ethernet, RS232, 1PPS, Event 115,200 RS-232,

10/100Mbps Ethr

-40 to +85 ext < 20 Watts (incl ant, not

incl IMU)



<60s <30s <15s 1,4,1,5 Ethernet, RS232, 1PPS, Event 115,200 RS-232,

10/100Mbps Ethr

-40 to +85 ext < 20 Watts (incl ant, not

incl IMU)



<45s <30s <2s 4,1,1 RS-232, Ethernet, USB 115,200 RS-232,

10/100Mbps Ethr

-40 to +85 ext 1.1W MCXX receptacle


10/100Mbps Ethr

-40 to +75 ext 1.3W MCXX receptacle


10/100Mbps Ethr

-40 to +75 ext 1.3W MMCX receptacle, 44-pin header

<45s <30s <2s 4,1,1,1 RS-232, Ethernet, USB, CAN 460,800 RS-232,

10/100Mbps Ethr

-40 to +75 ext 2.1 W MCXX receptacle

<45s <30s <2s 3,1,1,1 RS-232, Ethernet, USB, CAN 38400 -40 to +85 ext 1.5W MCXX receptacle

<45s <30s <2s 3,1,1,1 RS-232, Ethernet, USB, CAN 57600 –40 to +85 ext 4.1 W TNC

35s 32s 2.5s 2 serial 57600 –40 to +85 ext 45mA @ 3V typical Can produce position solution from GPS + GLONASS

combined constellations

38s 35s 2s 1 + 1 serial & usb 38400 –40 to +85 ext <37 mA typical 20◦C Dead reckoning position when connected to vehicle speed.

Onboard gyro.

38s 35s 2s 1 + 1 serial 9600 –40 to +85 ext/int battery <40 mA typical, 9 -

30 VDC

supports active antenna Dead reckoning position when connected to vehicle speed.

Onboard gyro. IP54 packaging, onboard battery and charger

38s 35s 2s 2 TTL –40 to +85 ext/int 44 mA @3.0 V Micropatch (ER)

38s 35s 2s 1 serial –40 to +85 <37 mA typical 20◦C

38s 35s 2s 1 + 1 serial & usb –40 to +85 <37 mA typical 20◦C

38s 35s 2s 1 serial & usb –40 to +85 <37 mA typical 20◦C

38s 35s 2s 1 serial 9600 –40 to +85 <37 mA typical 20◦C

38s 35s 2s 1 serial 9600 –40 to +85 <37 mA typical 20◦C

<60s <2s <2s 2 RS-422/485 or RS-232 9600 –40 to +85 ext <1.5 Patch

<60s <2s <2s 2 RS-422 9600 –40 to +85 ext <1.5 Patch

<60s <2s <2s 2 RS-422/485 or RS-232 na –40 to +85 ext <1.0 Patch

<60s <2s <2s 2 RS-422 na –40 to +85 ext <1.0 Patch

na na na na na 9600 –40 to +85 ext <20 mA - 3V 30 mA - 5V na

na na na na na 9600 –40 to +85 ext <20 mA - 3V 30 mA - 5V na

na na na 2 TTL 38400 -40 to +85 ext 330 mW Active/external

na na na 2 TTL 9600 –40 to +85 ext 330 mW Active/external

35s 32s 2.5s 2 serial 9600 0 - +60 ext 45mA @ 3V typical

<50s (90%) <45s (90%) <2s 1 TTL ‘–40 to +65 Internal, External,

Power over Ethernet

(PoE)

ext 350 mW @3.3 V External active

na na na 1 RS232 115,200 (RS 232);

USB 1Mbp

–30 to +60 ext na External active 5v




mode


satellites tracked


application 1




Time

(nanosec)

Position Àx update

rate (sec)

Trimble

continued

Trimble NetR9 440 GPS: L1 C/A, L2C, L2E (Trimble method for

tracking L2P), L5 GLONASS: L1 C/A and

unencrypted P code, L2 C/A2 and unencrypted

P code, L3 CDMA Galileo L1 CBOC, E5A, E5B

& E5AltBOC Compass: B1, B2, B3QZSS: L1

C/A, L1C, L1 SAIF, L2C, L5, LEX SBAS: L1C/A,

L5 L-Band OmniSTAR (VBS, HP and XP) +

RTX Expandable for future signals pending

ICD releases.

88 GLMMetNVPRT1 26.5 x 13.0 x 5.5cm 1.75 kg 1–5m/0.25m+0.5ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+

0.1 ppm

100 50Hz <60s

Trimble R3 12 L1 C/A Code, L1 Full Cycle Carrier, WAAS/

EGNOS

12 GHLP1 9.5 x 4.4 x 24.2cm 0.62kgs 1-5m/na/na/5mm+0.5ppm 100 1Hz

Trimble R4 72 GPS: L1C/A, L2E (Trimble method for tracking

L2P); – GLONASS1: L1C/A, L1P, L2C/A

(GLONASS M only), L2P; – SBAS: L1C/A

24 GLMNVPR1 19.0 (Ø) x 11.5cm 1.35 kg 1–5m/0.25m+1ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+

0.1 ppm

100 1Hz RTK

Trimble R5 72 GPS L1 C/A Code, L2C, L1/L2 Full Cycle

Carrier; – GLONASS L1 C/A Code, L1 P Code,

L2 P Code, L1/L2 Full Cycle Carrier; WAAS/

EGNOS Channels

24 GLMMetNVPRT1 13.5 x 8.5 x 24cm 1.5 kg 1–5m/0.25m+0.5ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+

0.1 ppm

100 1Hz RTK

Trimble R6 72 GPS: L1C/A, L2C, L2E (Trimble method for

tracking L2P); – GLONASS: L1C/A, L1P, L2C/A

(GLONASS M only), L2P; – SBAS: L1C/A


0.1 ppm

100 1Hz RTK

Trimble R7 72 GPS L1 C/A Code, L2C, L1/L2/L5 Full Cycle

Carrier1; – GLONASS L1 C/A Code, L1 P Code,

L2 P Code, L1/L2 Full Cycle Carrier, WAAS,

EGNOS; – OmniSTAR VBS, HP, XP

24 GLMMetNVPRT1 13.5 x 8.5 x 24cm 1.5 kg 1–5m/0.25m+1ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+

0.1 ppm

100 1Hz RTK

Trimble R8 220 GPS: L1C/A, L2C, L2E (Trimble method for

tracking L2P), L5; – GLONASS: L1C/A, L1P,

L2C/A (GLONASS M only), L2P; – SBAS: L1C/A,

L5; – Galileo


0.1 ppm

100 1Hz RTK

Trimble R10 440 GPS: L1C/A, L1C, L2C, L2E (Trimble method

for tracking L2P), L5; – GLONASS: L1C/A, L1P,

L2C/A (GLONASS M only), L2P, L3; – SBAS:

L1C/A, L5; – Galileo: E1, E5a, E5B; – COMPASS:

B1, B2, B3; – OmniSTAR VBS, HP, XP, G2; –

WAAS, QZSS, MSAS, EGNOS, GAGAN


0.1 ppm

100 1Hz RTK

GeoXR 220 GPS: L1C/A, L2C, L2E (Trimble method for

tracking L2P); – GLONASS: L1C/A, L1P, L2C/A

(GLONASS M only), L2P; – SBAS (WAAS/

EGNOS/MSAS): L1C/A

44 GHLN1 9.9 x 23.4 x 5.6cm 0.925 kg 1–5m/0.25m+1ppm/13mm+1ppm/5mm+

0.5 ppm

100 1Hz RTK

Trimble SP985 GNSS Smart

Antenna

440 L1/L2/L5,GLONASS L1/L2, Galileo, Compass,

SBAS, OmniSTAR, QZSS

Unrestricted GLVPRT1 12cm × 13cm (4.7 in

x 5.1 in)

1.55 kg (3.42

lb) receiver

only including

radio and

battery

1–5m/0.25m+1ppm/8mm+1ppm/3m

m+0.1ppm

100 1,2,5,10,20Hz

Trimble SPS855 GNSS

Modular Receiver

440 L1/L2/L5,GLONASS L1/L2, Galileo, Compass,

SBAS, OmniSTAR, QZSS

Unrestricted LMNPRTV1 24cm × 12cm × 5cm (9.4

in x 4.7 in x 1.9 in)

1.65 kg (3.64

lb) receiver

with internal

battery and

radio

1–5m/0.25m+1ppm/8mm+1ppm/3m

m+0.1ppm

100 1,2,5,10,20Hz

Nomad 900G Series 12 par. L1 C/A code, SBAS 12 3.9 x 6.9 x 2.0in 1.23 lb na/2 - 5m/1 - 3m Post-proc na 1

GPS Path¿nder ProXT 12 par. L1 C/A code and carrier, SBAS 12 GLN1 4.2 x 5.75 x 1.6in 1.16 lb na/<1m /50cm Post-proc (1cm with

carrier)

na 1

GPS Path¿nder ProXH 12 par. L1 C/A code and carrier , L2 carrier, SBAS 12 GLN1 4.2 x 5.75 x 1.6in 1.16 lb na/<1m/10-30cm Post-proc (1cm

with carrier)

na 1

Juno SB 12 par. L1 C/A code, SBAS 12 GHLN1 5.1 x 2.9 x 1.2in 0.52 lb na/2 - 5m/1 - 3m Post-proc na 1

Juno SC 12 par. L1 C/A code, SBAS 12 GHLN1 5.1 x 2.9 x 1.2in 0.54 lb na/2 - 5m/1 - 3m Post-proc na 1

Juno SD 12 par. L1 C/A code, SBAS 12 GHLN1 5.1 x 2.9 x 1.2in 0.54 lb na/2 - 5m/1 - 3m Post-proc na 1

Trimble Yuma tablet 12 par. L1 C/A code, SBAS 12 GLN1 5.5 x 9 x 2in 3.1 lb na/2 - 5m/2 - 5m Post-proc na 1

Trimble Pro 6T 220 GPS: L1C/A; GLONASS: L1C/A, L1P 24 GLN1 Height: 204mm (8

in); Diameter: 138mm

(5.4 in)

inc. battery:

1040 g

(2.3 lb)

2-5m/ 75cm/50cm/50cm na 1HZ

Trimble Pro 6H 220 GPS: L1C/A, L2C, L2E; GLONASS: L1C/A,

L1P, L2C/A, L2P

24 GLN1 Height: 204mm (8

in); Diameter: 138mm

(5.4 in)

inc. battery:

1040 g

(2.3 lb)

2-5m/ 75cm/10cm/10cm na 1HZ

Juno 3C 12 L1 C/A code, SBAS 12 GLN1 138mm x 79mm x

31mm (5.43 in x 3.11 in

x 1.22 in)

0.31 kg

(0.69 lb) with

battery

na/2 - 5m/1 - 3m Post-proc na 1HZ

Juno 3D 12 L1 C/A code, SBAS 12 GLN1 138mm x 79mm x

31mm (5.43 in x 3.11 in

x 1.22 in)

0.31 kg

(0.69 lb) with

battery

na/2 - 5m/1 - 3m Post-proc na 1HZ

Juno 5B 12 L1 C/A code, SBAS 12 GLN1 15.5cm x 8.2cm x 2.5cm

(6.1 in x 3.2 in x 0.9 in)

0.4 kg (0.84

lb) with

battery

na/2 - 4m/2-4m Post-proc na 1HZ

Juno 5D 12 L1 C/A code, SBAS 12 GLN1 15.5cm x 8.2cm x 2.5cm

(6.1 in x 3.2 in x 0.9 in)

0.4 kg (0.84

lb) with

battery

na/2 - 4m/2-4m Post-proc na 1HZ

Geo 5T 45 GPS: L1C/A; GLONASS: L1C/A, L1P 14 GLN1 19cm x 9cm x 4.3cm (7.5

in x 3.5 in x 1.7 in)

0.64 kg

(1.41 lb) with

battery

na/submeter/submeter na 1HZ

GeoXT 3000 series 14 par. L1 C/A code and carrier; SBAS 14 GHLN1 3.9 x 8.5 x 3.0in 1.76lb 2-5m/75cm/ na /50cm (1cm with carrier) na 1Hz

GeoXT 6000 series 220 GPS: L1C/A; GLONASS: L1C/A, L1P; SBAS 44 GHLN1 234mm x 99mm x 56mm;

(9.2in x 3.9in x 2.2in);

925g; (2.0lb) 2-5m/75cm/ na /50cm (1cm with carrier) na 1Hz

GeoXH 6000 series 220 GPS: L1C/A, L2C, L2E; GLONASS: L1C/A, L1P,

L2C/A, L2P; SBAS

44 GHLN1 234mm x 99mm x 56mm;

(9.2in x 3.9in x 2.2in);

925g; (2.0lb) 2-5m/75cm/10cm/10cm (1cm with

carrier)

na 1Hz

Juno T41 50 SBAS (WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS) 12 6.1 x 3.2 x 9in 13.5 oz na/2 - 5m/1 - 3m Post-proc 100 5 Hz

Yuma 2 50 L1 C/A Code SMAS ;WAAS, Egnos 12 936inx6.3inx1.5in 2.6 lb. Autonomous 2.5m CEP na 1

,MSAS SBAS 2.0m CEP

Force 22E MRU Module 24 L1, C/A, P; L2, P & Y-code (encrypted P-code) 12 ADLMNOPT2 3.14 x 3.82 x 0.5in 3.9oz <5m 40 1

FR-22 SAASM Receiver 24 L1, C/A, P; L2, P & Y-code (encrypted P-code) 12 ADLMNOPTV1 5.25 x 4.5 x 1.7in 1.1 lb <5m 40 1

Force 27 SEGR 24 L1, C/A, P; L2, P & Y-code (encrypted P-code) 12 ADLMNOPT2 3.92 x 4.92 x 0.6in 0.5 lb <5m 40 1 to 10

Force 524D GRAM/GASR

Module

24 L1, C/A, P; L2, P & Y-code (encrypted P-code) 12 ADLMNOPT2 5.88 x 5.715 x 0.6in 0.94 lb <5m 40 1 to 10

Force 524D VMEA 24 L1, C/A, P; L2, P & Y-code (encrypted P-code) 12 ADLMNOPT2 6U VME, Single-Height 2.5 lb <5m 40 1 to 10

TA–24 Certi¿ed Sensor 24 L1, C/A, P; L2, P & Y-code (encrypted P-code) 12 ADNOPT1 5.00 x 9.50 x 2.10in 3.73lb <5m 40 1

u-blox

www.u-blox.com

UBX-G7020-KA u-blox 7

GPS/GNSS single chip;

Automotive Grade

56 par GPS/QZSS L1 C/A, GLONASS L1 FDMA, SBAS:

WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS

All in view, sequentially

(GPS, GLONASS, Galileo,

Compass). All SBAS.

CDHLMMetNPTV2 5.0 x 5.0 x 0.55mm na GPS: 2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP);

GLONASS: 4.0m/na/na/na

50 (RMS) up to 10

UBX-G7020-KT u-blox 7


Standard Grade


WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS



Compass). All SBAS.



50 (RMS) up to 10




(degrees Celsius)


(Watts)


<30s <15s 1,1,1,1,1 D9 Serial; 7pin

Lemo; Mini USB

(Device and Host

modes); RJ45

Ethernet: TCP/

IP, UDP, HTTP,

HTTPS, FTP,

NTRIP Caster,

NTRIP Client,

NTRIP Server,

NTP; Bluetooth

2400 - 460800 38,400 (Port 1 115,200

(Port 2)

–40 to +65 3.8 W (setting

dependent)

Zephyr Geodetic II GNSS

Choke Ring GNSS-Ti

Choke Ring

Full GNSS CORS featuring

advanced data logging and power

parameters, 8GB internal memory,

global RTX correction capability,

secure Web User Interface with

Position Monitoring.

<90s <30s <15s 6 RS-232/USB/2 Compact Flash/GPS

antenna/Power

115,200 (Port 1–3); USB

1 Mbps

–40 to +65 ext/int 0.6 W receiver and

antenna

external TRIMBLE A3 Complete L1 GPS postprocessing solution

<60s <30s <15s 3,1,1 2 x RS232, Bluetooth, Radio coms 38,400 (Port 1 115,200

(Port 2)

–40 to +65 ext/int < 3.1W in RTK mode Internal Zephyr 2 Trimble R-Track technology for GLONASS support, Advance

Maxwell survey GNSS chip

<60s <30s <15s 3,1,1,1 RS232, radio antenna, GNSS antenna,

Compact Flash

115,200 (Port 1–3); USB

1 Mbps

–40 to +65 ext/int 4w Fast Static; 5.9 w/

radio, BT RTK

Zephyr 2, Z Geodetic 2 w/Stealth

GP, GNSS Choke Ring

as above

<60s <30s <15s 3,1,1 2 x RS232, Bluetooth, Radio coms 38,400 (Port 1 115,200

(Port 2)

–40 to +65 ext/int < 3.1W in RTK mode Internal Zephyr 2 as above

<60s <30s <15s 3,2,1,1,1,1 RS232, radio antenna, GNSS antenna,

Compact Flash, Bluetooth

USB 2.0 1Mbps,

Serial 460,800 bps,

Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR,

WiFi 802.11b/g, UMTS/

HSDPA 850/900/2100

MHz, ; GPRS/EDGE

850/900/1800/1900 MHz

–40 to +65 ext/int 4w Fast Static; 5.9 w/

radio, BT RTK

Zephyr 2, Z Geodetic 2 w/Stealth

GP, GNSS Choke Ring

as above

<60s <30s <15s 3,1,1 2 x RS232, Bluetooth, Radio coms USB 2.0, Bluetooth

2.1 + EDR, WiFi

802.11b/g, UMTS/

HSDPA 850/900/2100

MHz, ; GPRS/EDGE

850/900/1800/1900 MHz

-20 to +50 ext/int < 3.1W in RTK mode Internal Zephyr 2 Trimble R-Track technology for GLONASS support, ; Galileo

Support, Advance Maxwell survey GNSS chip

<60s <30s <15s 1,1,1,1,1,1 USB, RS232, Bluetooth, WiFi, Radio

antenna, 3.5G UMTS Cellular Modem

38,400 (Port 1 115,200

(Port 2)

–40 °C to +65 °C (–40

°F to +149 °F)

ext/int < 5.1W in RTK mode Internal Zephyr 2 HD-GNSS processing technology, xFill Technology,

Surepoint Technology and Trimble 360 support, GLONASS

support, Galileo Support, COMPASS Support,Advance

Maxwell survey GNSS chip

<60s <30s <15s 1,1,1,1 USB, Bluetooth, WiFi, 3.5G Max 115,200

RS232,10/100Mbps Ethr

–40 °C to +65 °C (–40

°F to +149 °F)

ext/int 2.7W - 3.7W Internal and external L1/L2 antenna Trimble R-Track technology for GPS and GLONASS support,

advanced Maxwell survey GNSS chip

<60s <30s <12s 2,3 Wi-Fi, Lemo, Bluetooth -30 to +60 Internal Li-Ion

and ext

< 3.7W in RTK mode Smart Antenna with Internal Zephyr

Model 2

The Trimble SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna has an ultra-

rugged GNSS smart antenna design with integrated wireless

communications. It is ideal for construction applications

such as grade checking, construction site surveying, site

supervision, and as a temporary base station with traditional

radio or Wi-Fi communications.

<60s <30s <12s 3,1,3 RS-232, Ethernet, Bluetooth 110 - 115,000 -20 to +60 Internal Li-Ion

and ext

6 W Zephyr Model 2 The Trimble SPS855 GNSS Modular Receiver allows

maximum Àexibility for use as a base station or rover. The

modular receiver can be located in a safe location while the

external antenna can be placed for maximum usability.

60s typ. 40s typ. <5s typ. 2,1,1 RS-232/Bluetooth/USB (selected model or

via separate accessory)

110 - 115,000 -20 to +60 int/opt ext 1.3 w/typical use Int Patch Ultra rugged handheld available in a number of

con¿gurations (camera, barcode scanner, cellular data).

60s typ. 30s typ. <5s typ. 2, 2 Bluetooth/RS-232 110 - 115,000 +0 to +60 int/opt. ext <1 Int Patch/Opt Ext antenna Fully integrated Bluetooth GPS receiver for submeter

accuracy

60s typ. 30s typ. <5s typ. 2, 2 Bluetooth/RS-232 110 - 115,000 +0 to +60 int/opt. ext <1 Int Patch/Opt Ext antenna Fully integrated Bluetooth® GPS receiver with H-Star

technology for decimeter to subfoot accuracy

60s typ. 40s typ. <5s typ. 1,1 Bluetooth/ USB 110 - 115,000 +0 to +60 int/opt. ext 0.2 - 0.3 In Patch/Opt Ext Patch Entry level GPS handheld

60s typ. 40s typ. <5s typ. 1,1 Bluetooth/ USB 110 - 115,000 -30 to +60 int/opt. ext 0.2 - 0.3 (without modem

active)

In Patch/Opt Ext Patch Includes cellular capability (data)

60s typ. 40s typ. <5s typ. 1,1 Bluetooth/ USB 110 - 115,000 -20 °C to +60 °C (-4 °F

to +140 °F)

int/opt. ext 0.2 - 0.3 (without modem

active)

In Patch/Opt Ext Patch Includes cellular capability (voice & data)

60s typ. 40s typ. <5s typ. 1,2,1,1,1 Bluetooth/USB/RS232/ExpressCard/SDIO 110 - 115,000 -20 °C to +60 °C (-4 °F

to +140 °F)

int/opt. ext In Patch Ultra rugged tablet computer running Windows 7

60s typ. 30s typ. <5s typ. 2,2 RS-232/Bluetooth/USB 110 - 115,000 -20 °C to +60 °C (-4 °F

to 140 °F)

ext/int <1 Internal and external L1/L2 antenna Trimble Floodlight satellite shadow reduction technology


to 140 °F)

ext/int <1 Internal and external L1/L2 antenna Trimble Floodlight satellite shadow reduction technology

60s typ. 40s typ. <5s typ. 1,1 Bluetooth/ USB 110 - 115,000 -30 °C to +60 °C (-22

°F to 140 °F)

ext/int <0.5 Internal and external L1 antenna

60s typ. 40s typ. <5s typ. 1,1 Bluetooth/ USB 110 - 115,000 -30 °C to +60 °C (-22

°F to 140 °F)



to +140 °F)


60s typ. 40s typ. <5s typ. 1,1 RS-232/Bluetooth/USB 109 - 115,000 -20 °C to +60 °C; (-4 °F

to 140 °F)


60s typ. 40s typ. <5s typ. 1,1 RS-232/Bluetooth/USB 110 - 115,000 -20 °C to +60 °C; (-4 °F

to 140 °F)

ext/int <4 Internal and external L1 antenna

<60s <30s <5s 1,3,1,2 RS-232/Integrated virtual com ports/USB

(via support module)/Bluetooth

110 - 115,000 -20 °C to +60 °C; (-4 °F

to 140 °F)

external/internal <3.7W Internal or external L1 antenna

<60s <30s <5s 1,3,1,2 RS-232 (via cable adapter) /Integrated

virtual com ports/USB/Bluetooth

-30 to +60 C external/internal <4.5W (typ) Internal or external L1/L2 antenna Includes 3G cellular data capability, and Trimble Floodlight

Technology.

<60s <30s <5s 1,3,1,2 RS-232 (via cable adapter) /Integrated

virtual com ports/USB/Bluetooth

external/internal <4.5W (typ) Internal or external L1/L2 antenna Includes 3G cellular data capability, and Trimble Floodlight

Technology.

<60s <30s <30s 2,1,1 Bluetooth/USB/RS232/9 pin Serial/SD 110-115000 -30C to 60C int/opt ext <1.5 port Ultra rugged handheld available as a 3.75G Smart phone in

WEHH or Android models.

32 s 5s 2 s 2,1,1 USB, HDMI, Int/opt.ex In Patch and optional external

connection

Ultra rugged tablet computer running Windows 7 with true

direct sun readable display

Bluetooth variable –40 to +85

variable –40 to +85

<60s <2s <2s 3 RS-232, RS-422 variable –54 to +85 ext <4W +5VDC Active L1/L2 FRPA SAASM Compliant

<60s <2s <2s 3 RS-232, RS-422 variable –54 to +85 ext <6W +5VDC Active L1/L2 FRPA SAASM Compliant

<60s <2s <2s 3 RS-232, RS-422 variable -40 to +55 ext <6W Various FRPA/CRPA/DAE SAASM Compliant

<60s <2s <2s 4 RS-232, RS-422, DP-RAM variable -20 to +55 ext <7.5W Various FRPA/CRPA/DAE SAASM Compliant

<60s <2s <2s 4 RS-232, RS-422, A24 and A32 VME 4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB:

12 Mb/s

-40 to +85 ext <7.5W Various FRPA/CRPA/DAE SAASM Compliant

<60s <2s <2s 4 ARINC-429, RS-422, RS-232 4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB:

12 Mb/s

-40 to +85 ext <15W +5VDC Active L1/L2 FRPA SAASM Compliant

29 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

28 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

<1s 4 1 x UART, 1 x USB, 1 x SPI, 1 x I2C 4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB:

12 Mb/s

-40 to +85 1.4 V – 3.6 V 35 mW @ 1.4 V

(Continuous), 9 mW

@ 1.4 V Power Save

mode (1 Hz)

E (passive & active) u-blox 7 GPS, GLONASS & QZSS single-chip, standard

grade, QFN package

29 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

28 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)


12 Mb/s

-40 to +85 1.4 V – 3.6 V 35 mW @ 1.4 V

(Continuous), 9 mW

@ 1.4 V Power Save

mode (1 Hz)


grade, QFN package




mode


satellites tracked


application 1




Time

(nanosec)

Position Àx update

rate (sec)

u-blox

continued

UBX-G7020-CT u-blox 7


Standard Grade


WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS



Compass). All SBAS.



50 (RMS) up to 10

UBX-G6010-ST u-blox 6

GPS single chip; Standard

Grade

50 par L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/

MSAS/GAGAN

All in view (GPS, GALILEO

or SBAS)

CDHLMMetNPTV2 Product na <2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP) 50 (RMS) up to 10

UBX-G6010-SA u-blox 6

GPS single chip; Automotive

Grade


MSAS/GAGAN


or SBAS)

CDHLMMetNPTV2 8 x 8 x 0.85mm na <2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP) 50 (RMS) 5

UBX-G6010-SA(ST)-DR

u-blox 6 GPS single chip

with Dead Reckoning;

Automotive & Standard

Grade


MSAS/GAGAN


or SBAS)


UBX-G6010-NT u-blox 6

GPS single chip; Standard

Grade


MSAS/GAGAN


or SBAS)


UBX-G6010-ST-TM GPS

receiver single chip with

Precision Timing

L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/

MSAS/GAGAN


or SBAS)

CDHLMMetNPTV2 8.0 x 8.0 x 0.85mm na <2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP) 50 (RMS) 5

UBX-G6000-BA + UBX-

G0010-QA u-blox 6 GPS

Chipset (RF + Baseband)

50 par L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS All in view (GPS, GALILEO

or SBAS)

CDHLMMetNPTV2 BB: 9 x 9mm; RF:

4 x 4mm

na <2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP) 50 (RMS) 5

MAX-7C GPS/GNSS Module 56 par GPS/QZSS L1 C/A, GLONASS L1 FDMA, SBAS:

WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS



Compass). All SBAS.

CDHLMMetNPV2 9.7 x 10.1 x 2.5mm 1.4g GPS: 2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP);


50 (RMS) up to 10

MAX-7Q GPS/GNSS Module 56 par GPS/QZSS L1 C/A, GLONASS L1 FDMA, SBAS:

WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS



Compass). All SBAS.



50 (RMS) up to 10

MAX-7W GPS/GNSS

Module


WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS



Compass). All SBAS.



50 (RMS) up to 10

NEO-7N GPS/GNSS Module 56 par GPS/QZSS L1 C/A, GLONASS L1 FDMA, SBAS:

WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS



Compass). All SBAS.



50 (RMS) up to 10

NEO-7M GPS/GNSS

Module


WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS



Compass). All SBAS.



50 (RMS) up to 10

LEA-7N GPS/GNSS Module 56 par GPS/QZSS L1 C/A, GLONASS L1 FDMA, SBAS:

WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS



Compass). All SBAS.



50 (RMS) up to 10

AMY-6M GPS Module 50 par L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS All in view (GPS, GALILEO

or SBAS)

CDHLMMetNPV2 6.5 x 8 x 1.2mm 0.8 g <2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP) 50 (RMS) 4

NEO-6M GPS Module 50 par L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS All in view (GPS, GALILEO

or SBAS)

CDHLMMetNPV2 12.2 x 16.0 x 2.4mm 1.6 g <2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP) 50 (RMS) 5

NEO-6Q GPS Module 50 par L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS All in view (GPS, GALILEO

or SBAS)


NEO-6G GPS Module 50 par L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS All in view (GPS, GALILEO

or SBAS)


NEO-6P GPS PPP Module 50 par L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS All in view (GPS, GALILEO

or SBAS)


NEO-6T GPS Timing module 50 par L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS All in view (GPS, GALILEO

or SBAS)


NEO-6V GPS Module 50 par L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS All in view (GPS, GALILEO

or SBAS)


MAX-6G GPS Module 50 par L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS All in view (GPS, GALILEO

or SBAS)


MAX-6Q GPS Module 50 par L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS All in view (GPS, GALILEO

or SBAS)


LEA-6A GPS Module 50 par L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS All in view (GPS, GALILEO

or SBAS)

CDHLMMetNPV2 17 x 22.4 x 3mm 2.1 g <2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP) 50 (RMS) 5

LEA-6H GPS Module 50 par L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS All in view (GPS, GALILEO

or SBAS)


LEA-6S GPS Module 50 par L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS All in view (GPS, GALILEO

or SBAS)


LEA-6T GPS Timing Module 50 par L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS All in view (GPS, GALILEO

or SBAS)


LEA-6R Dead Reckoning

GPS Module

16 par. L1, C/A code, DGPS,; WAAS/EGNOS All in view (GPS, GALILEO

or SBAS)

DLNPV2 17 x 22.4 x 3mm 2.1 g <2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP) 50 (RMS) 1

LEA-6N GPS/GNSS Module 50 par L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, GLONASS, WAAS/

EGNOS/MSAS


or SBAS)


u-blox (Fastrax) UP501 GPS

antenna module

22 tracking + 66

acquisition

L1, C/A–code and CP 22 ACHLMNTV2 22 x 8 x 22mm 9g 2.7m CEP95/1.5mCEP 50 (RMS) 1, use def to 10Hz

u-blox (Fastrax) IT530M

GPS/GNSS module

33 tracking + 99

acquisition

L1, C/A–code and CP 33 ACHLMNTV2 9.6 x 9.6 x 1.85mm 0.4g 2.7m CEP95/1.5mCEP 50 (RMS) 1, use def to 10Hz

u-blox (Fastrax) UC530M

GPS/GNSS antenna module

33 tracking + 99

acquisition


u-blox (Fastrax) IT530

GPS Module

22 tracking + 66

acquisition


Fastrax UC530 GPS

antenna module

22 tracking + 66

acquisition


UniStrong

www.unistrong.com/english

Loka GGD 117 L1/L2, C/A & P code & CP, (SBAS) and

GLONASS

27 DGHLMNOR1 215mm x 97mm x 57mm 710g 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma na 1Hz

Loka GG 14 GPS/Glonass L1, (SBAS) 14 DGHLMNOR1 215mm x 97mm x 57mm 710g 1.5m/0.5m + 1ppm/na/5mm + 1ppm na 1Hz

Odin+ 50 L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS All in view (GPS,; GALILEO

or SBAS)

GHLMNO1 179.5mm x 91.2mm x

31.5mm

250g(w/o

battery)

<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP) na 1Hz

Odin 50 L1 C/A code,L1 carrier, (SBAS) 50 GHLMNO1 179.5mm x 91.2mm x

31.5mm

250g(w/o

battery)

2~5m/1~3m/na/na na 1Hz

Deva 50 L1 C/A code, (SBAS) 50 GHLMNO1 140mm x 77mm x 23mm 200g(w/o

battery)

2~5m na 1Hz

Mona 15 50 L1 C/A code, (SBAS) 50 CGHLMNO1 112mm x 68mm x 37mm 132g 2~5m na 1Hz

Mona 12 50 L1 C/A code, (SBAS) 50 CGHLMNO1 112mm x 68mm x 37mm 132g 2~5m na 1Hz

Hunter 220 L1/L2/L5, GLONASS L1/L2, SBAS, GIOVE-A

& GIOVE-B

44 DGLMOR1 ∮184mm, H 96mm 1.2kg(include

internal

battery)

1–5m/0.25m + 0.5ppm/8mm +;

1ppm/3mm + 0.1 ppm

na 1Hz

Walle 50 L1 C/A code, (SBAS) 50 CGHLMNO1 213mm x 133mm x

17.5mm

550g(with

battery)


Eva 50 L1 C/A code, (SBAS) 50 CGHLMNO1 134.5mm x 71mm x

17.8mm

200g(with

battery)





(degrees Celsius)


(Watts)


29 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

28 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)


12 Mb/s

-40 to +85 1.4 V – 3.6 V 35 mW @ 1.4 V

(Continuous), 9 mW

@ 1.4 V Power Save

mode (1 Hz)


grade, chip-carrier package

26 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

26s <1s 4 1 x UART, 1 x USB, 1 x SPI, 1 x I2C 4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB:

12 Mb/s

-40 to +85 1.75 - 2.0 V; 2.5

- 3.6 V

< 30 mW; PSM, 1Hz E (passive & active) Galileo ready; Automotive Grade; Capture & Process mode

26 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)


12 Mb/s

-40 to +85 1.75 - 2.0 V; 2.5

- 3.6 V

< 30 mW; PSM, 1Hz E (passive & active) Galileo ready; Embedded Automotive Dead Reckoning;

Capture & Process mode

26 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)


12 Mb/s

-40 to +85 1.75 - 2.0 V; 2.5

- 3.6 V

< 30 mW; PSM, 1Hz E (passive & active) Galileo ready; Standard Grade; Smallest chip pro¿le;

Capture & Process mode

26 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

26s <1s 4 1 x UART, 1 x USB, 1 x SPI, 1 x I2C as above -40 to +85 1.75 - 2.0 V; 2.5

- 3.6 V

< 30 mW; PSM, 1Hz E (passive & active) Precision Timing: 2 timepulse outputs (up to 10 MHz),

Output timepulse with at least one satellite in view,

Stationary mode for GPS timing operation, Time mark of

external event inputs

26 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

26s <1s 4 1 x UART, 1 x USB, 1 x SPI, 1 x I2C 4,800 - 115,200 -40 to +85 1.75 - 2.0 V; 2.5

- 3.6 V

< 30 mW; PSM, 1Hz E (passive & active) as above plus Àash memory support

26 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

26s <1s 4 2 x UART, 1 x USB, 1 x SPI, 1 x I2C 4,800 - 115,200 -40 to +85 1.75 - 2.0 V; 2.5

- 3.6 V

E (passive & active) RF front end dedicated to Capture & Process

29 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

28 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

<1s 2 1 x UART, 1 x I2C 4,800 - 115,200 -40 to +85 1.65 V – 3.6 V 47 mW @ 1.8 V

(Continuous)

E (passive & active) Compact, low-power GPS/GLONASS/QZSS/Galileo

module, std. crystal

29 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

28 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

<1s 2 1 x UART, 1 x I2C 4,800 - 115,200 -40 to +85 2.7 V – 3.6 V 47 mW @ 1.8 V

(Continuous)


module, TCXO

29 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

28 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

2 1 x UART, 1 x I2C 4,800 - 115,200 -40 to +85 2.7 V – 3.6 V 47 mW @ 1.8 V

(Continuous)


module, TCXO

29 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

28 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

<1s 4 1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x SPI, 1x I2C 4,800 - 115,200 -40 to +85 2.7 V – 3.6 V 47 mW @ 1.8 V

(Continuous)

E (passive & active) Versatile, multi-GNSS module for GPS, GLONASS, Galileo

and QZSS

29 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

28 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

<1s 4 1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x SPI, 1x I2C 4,800 - 115,200 -40 to +85 1.65 V – 3.6 V 47 mW @ 1.8 V

(Continuous)

E (passive & active) Versatile, multi-GNSS module for GPS, GLONASS, Galileo

and QZSS

29 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

28 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

<1s 3 1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x I2C 4,800 - 115,200 -40 to +85 2.7 V – 3.6 V 69 mW @ 3 V

(Continuous)

E (passive & active) High-performance multi-GNSS module for GPS, GLONASS,

Galileo and QZSS

26 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

26s <1s 4 1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x SPI, 1x I2C 4,800 - 115,200 -40 to +85 1.75 - 2.0 V; 2.5

- 3.6 V

<50 mW; PSM, 1Hz E (passive & active) Standard crystal

26 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

26s <1s 5 1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x SPI, 1x I2C 4,800 - 115,200 -40 to +85 2.7 - 3.6 V <50 mW; PSM, 1Hz E (passive & active) TCXO

26 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

26s <1s 4 1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x SPI, 1x I2C 4,800 - 115,200 -40 to +85 2.7 - 3.6 V <50 mW; PSM, 1Hz E (passive & active) TCXO

26 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

26s <1s 4 1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x SPI, 1x I2C 4,800 - 115,200 -40 to +85 1.75 - 2.0 V <50 mW; PSM, 1Hz E (passive & active)

32 s (<3 s

hot and aided

starts)

32s <1s 4 1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x SPI, 1x I2C as above -40 to +85 1.75 - 2.0 V <50 mW; PSM, 1Hz E (passive & active) Precision Point Positioning

32 s (<3 s

hot and aided

starts)

32s <1s 4 1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x SPI, 1x I2C 4,800 - 115,200 -40 to +85 2.7 - 3.6 V <50 mW; PSM, 1Hz E (passive & active) GPS module with embedded stand-alone Automotive Dead

Reckoning (ADR), ¿rst mount

27 s (<3 s

hot and aided

starts)

29s <1s 4 1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x SPI, 1x I2C 4,800 - 115,200 -40 to +85 1.75 - 2.0 V <50 mW; PSM, 1Hz E (passive & active) Integrated Dead Reckoning

29 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

29s <1s 2 1 x UART, 1 x I2C 4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB:

12 Mb/s

-40 to +85 1.75 - 2.0 V <50 mW; PSM, 1Hz E (passive & active) Similar to NEO-6Q smaller package and fewer interfaces

29 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

29s <1s 2 1 x UART, 1 x I2C 4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB:

12 Mb/s

-40 to +85 2.7 - 3.6 V <80 mW; PSM, 1Hz E (passive & active) Integrated antenna supply and supervisor

26 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

26s <1s 3 1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x I2C 4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB:

12 Mb/s


26 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)


12 Mb/s

-40 to +85 2.7 - 3.6 V <80 mW; PSM, 1Hz E (passive & active) Integrated antenna supply and supervisor, Àash

26 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)


12 Mb/s


26 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)


12 Mb/s

-40 to +85 2.7 - 3.6 V < 30 mW; PSM, 1Hz E (passive & active) Precision tiiming module

27 s (2 s hot

and aided

starts)

27s <1s 3 1 x UART, 1 x USB, 1 x SPI 9600 con¿gurable -40 to +85 2.7 - 3.6 V <80 mW; PSM, 1Hz E (passive & active) GPS module with embedded stand-alone Automotive Dead

Reckoning (ADR), after-market

26 s (1 s hot

and aided

starts)

26s <1s 3 1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x I2C 9600 con¿gurable -40 to +85 2.7 - 3.6 V Internal battery last 10

hours/charge

E (passive & active) GPS and GLONASS modes

33s 33s <1s 1 UART 9600 con¿gurable -40 to +85 ext. 75 mW at 3.0 V int, passive patch Extremely sensitive module with integrated patch antenna

using MTK 3329 chipset. Alternative versions are UP501B,

UP501D.

29s 23s <1s 2 UART 9600 con¿gurable -40 to +85 ext. 57 mW at 3.0 V ext., active or passive Extremely sensitive module using MTK 3333 chipset.

Parallel GPS/GLONASS support.

29s 23s <1s 2 UART 9600 con¿gurable -40 to +85 ext. 66 mW at 3.0 V int, chip antenna; ext, active

or passive

Extremely sensitive module with integrated chip antenna

using MTK 3333 chipset. Parallel GPS/GLONASS support.

31s 31s <1s 2 UART 9600 –20 to +60 ext. 35 mW at 3.0 V ext., active or passive Extremely sensitive module using MTK 3339 chipset.

GPS support.

31s 31s <1s 2 UART 9600 –20 to +60 ext. 45 mW at 3.0 V int, chip antenna; ext, active

of passive

Extremely sensitive module with integrated chip antenna

using MTK 3339 chipset. GPS support.

<60s <30s <1 s 3 USB, Bluetooth, GNSS Antenna 9600 –20 to +60 Int./ext. <2W with GPS on Internal and External High Accuracy GNSS Handheld, Dual frequency, WCDMA

<65s <35s <1 s 3 USB, Bluetooth, GNSS Antenna 9600 –20 to +60 Int./ext. <1.2W with GPS on Internal and External High Accuracy GNSS Handheld, Single frequency, WCDMA

26s (1s hot and

aided starts)

26s <1 s 3 USB, Bluetooth, GNSS Antenna 9600 –20 to +60 Int./ext. 0.5W Internal and External Handheld Mobile GIS Solution, VGA display & WCDMA

60s 30s <1 s 3 USB, Bluetooth, GNSS Antenna na –20 to +60 Int./ext. 0.5W Internal and External Handheld Mobile GIS Solution, WCDMA

35s 1s <1 s 3 USB, Bluetooth, GNSS Antenna na –20 to +60 Int./ext. 0.5W Internal and External Compact Handheld Mobile GIS Solution, WCDMA

38s 3s <1 s 1 USB 115,200 RS-232 –40 to +75 Int./ext. 0.5W Internal Compact GPS/GIS Handheld, with Electronic compass &

Barometric altimeter

38s 3s <1 s 1 USB na –20 to +60 Int./ext. 0.5W Internal Compact GPS/GIS Handheld

<60s <30s <15s 4 Power port + RS232, RS232 + USB,

Battery charge port, TNC port

na –20 to +60 Int./ext. 2W Internal Plug-and -play design convenient to transfer data, Long UHF

working distance, Support VRS or other NTRIP application.

35s 1s <1 s 4 USB, Bluetooth, 3.5mm av port,

Mini HDMI

Int./ext. 0.5W Internal Built-in sensor, Bluetooth, Wi¿, WCDMA(with call function),

RFID reader

35s 1s <1 s 2 USB, Bluetooth Int./ext. 0.5W Internal Built-in sensor, Bluetooth, Wi¿, WCDMA(with call

function),RFID reader

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MAKE EXACT POSITIONING A SIXTH SENSE


On January 13, 2012, the U.S. National Positioning,

Navigation, and Timing Executive Committee

(PNT EXCOM) met in Washington, D.C., to

discuss the latest round of testing of the radiofrequency

compatibility between GPS and a terrestrial mobile

broadband network proposed by LightSquared. The

proposed network included base stations transmitting in

the 1525 – 1559 MHz band and handsets transmitting in

the 1626.5 – 1660.5 MHz band. These bands are adjacent

to the 1559 – 1610 MHz radionavigation satellite service

(RNSS) band used by GPS and other satellite navigation

systems. Based upon the test results, the EXCOM

unanimously concluded that “both LightSquared’s original

and modified plans for its proposed mobile network would

cause harmful interference to many GPS receivers,” and

that further “there appear to be no practical solutions or

mitigations” to allow the network to operate in the near-

term without resulting in significant interference.

The LightSquared outcome was a lose-lose in the sense

that billions were spent by the investors in LightSquared

and, as noted by the EXCOM, “substantial federal

resources have been expended and diverted from other

programs in testing and analyzing LightSquared’s

proposals.” To avoid a similar situation in the future, the

EXCOM proposed the development of “GPS Spectrum

interference standards that will help inform future

proposals for non-space, commercial uses in the bands

adjacent to the GPS signals and ensure that any such

proposals are implemented without affecting existing and

evolving uses of space-based PNT services.”

This article identifies and describes several important

considerations in the development of GPS spectrum

interference standards towards achieving the stated

EXCOM goals. These include the identification of

characteristics of adjacent band systems and an assessment

of the susceptibility of all GPS receiver types towards

interference in adjacent bands. Also of vital importance

to protecting GPS receivers is an understanding of the

Spectrum Interference StandardsSeeking a Win-Win Rebound from Lose-Lose

▲ typIcal cellular base-station tower.

Integration with Other Technologies | GNSS deSiGN

Based upon lessons learned from the LightSquared situation, the author identifies important considerations for GPS spectrum interference standards, recommended by the PNT EXCOM for future commercial proposals in bands adjacent to the RNSS band to avoid interference to GNSS.

Christopher J. Hegarty


GNSS DESIGN | Integration with Other Technologies

user base, applications, and where

the receivers for each application

may be located while in use. This

information, along with the selection

of proper propagation models, allows

one to establish transmission limits

on new adjacent-band systems

that will protect currently fielded

GPS receivers. The article further

comments on the implications of

the evolution of GPS and foreign

satellite navigation systems upon the

development of efficacious spectrum

interference standards.

Adjacent Band CharacteristicsThe type of adjacent-band system for

which there is currently the greatest

level of interest is a nationwide

wireless fourth-generation (4G)

terrestrial network to support the

rapidly growing throughput demands

of personal mobile devices. Such

a nationwide network would likely

consist of tens of thousands of base

stations distributed throughout

the United States and millions

of mobile devices. The prevalent

standard at the present time is Long

Term Evolution (LTE), which is

being deployed by all of the major

U.S. carriers. LTE and Advanced

LTE provide an ef¿cient physical

layer for mobile wireless services.

Worldwide Interoperability for

Microwave Access (WiMAX) is a

competing wireless communication

standard for 4G wireless that is a far-

distant second in popularity.

For the purposes of the discussion

within this article, an LTE network is

assumed with characteristics similar

to that proposed by LightSquared but

perhaps with base stations and mobile

devices that transmit upon different

center frequencies and bandwidths.

The primary characteristics include:

◾ Tens of thousands of base stations

nationwide, reusing frequencies

in a cellular architecture, with the

density of base stations peaking in

urban areas.

◾ Base-station antennas at heights

from sub-meter to 150 meters

above ground level (AGL), with

a typical height of 20–30 meters

AGL. Each base station site has

1–3 sector antennas mounted on

a tower such that peak power is

transmitted at a downtilt of 2–6

degrees below the local horizon,

with a 60–70 degree horizontal

3-dB beamwidth and 8–9 degree

vertical 3-dB beamwidth.

◾ Peak effective isotropic radiated

power (EIRP) in the vicinity of

20–40 dBW (100–10,000 W) per

sector.

◾ Mobile devices transmit at a peak

EIRP of around 23 dBm (0.2

W), but substantially lower most

of the time when lower power

levels suf¿ce to achieve a desired

quality of service as determined

using real-time power control

techniques.

◾ As LTE uses ef¿cient transmission

protocols, emissions can be

accurately modeled as brickwall,

that is, con¿ned to a ¿nite

bandwidth around the carrier.

Throughout this article it will be

presumed that LTE emissions in

the bands authorized for RNSS

systems such as GPS will be

kept suf¿ciently low through

regulatory means.

The opening photo shows a typical

base-station tower, with three sectors

per cellular service provider and

with multiple service providers

sharing space on the tower, including

non-cellular fixed point microwave

providers. As a cellular network is

being built out, coverage is at first

most important, and many base-

station sites will use minimum

downtilt and peak EIRPs within

the ranges described above. As the

network matures, capacity becomes

more important. High-traffic cells are

split through the introduction of more

base stations, and this is commonly

accompanied by increased downtilts

and lower EIRPs.

The assumed characteristics

for adjacent band systems plays

a paramount role in determining

compatibility with GPS, and

obviously lower-power adjacent-band

systems would be more compatible. If

compatibility with GPS precludes 4G

network implementation on certain

underutilized frequencies adjacent to

RNSS bands, then it may be prudent

to refocus attention for these bands on

alternative lower-power systems.

▲ radiated testing of GPS receiver susceptibility to LightSquared emissions within an anecho-ic chamber at White Sands Missile Range (courtesy of the United States Air Force).



GPS Receiver SusceptibilityOver the past two years, millions of dollars have been

expended to measure or analyze the susceptibility of

GPS receivers to adjacent band interference as part

of U.S. regulatory proceedings for LightSquared.

Measurements were conducted through both radiated

(see photo) and conducted tests at multiple facilities, as

well as in a live-sky demonstration in Las Vegas. This

section summarizes the ¿ndings for seven categories of

GPS receivers. These categories, which were originally

identi¿ed in the Federal Communications Commission

(FCC)-mandated GPS-LightSquared Technical Working

Group (TWG) formed in February 2011, are: aviation,

cellular, general location/navigation, high-precision,

timing, networks, and space-based receivers.

Aviation. Certi¿ed aviation GPS receivers are one of the

few receiver types for which interference requirements

exist. These requirements take the form of an interference

mask (see Figure 1) that is included in both domestic and

international standards. Certi¿ed aviation GPS receivers

must meet all applicable performance requirements

in the presence of interference levels up to those

indicated in the mask as a function of center frequency.

In Figure 1 and throughout this article, all interference

levels are referred to the output of the GPS receiver

passive-antenna element. Although the mask only

spans 1500–1640 MHz, within applicable domestic and

international standards the curves are de¿ned to extend

over the much wider range of frequencies from 1315 to

2000 MHz.

A handful of aviation GPS receivers were tested against

LightSquared emissions in both conducted and radiated

campaigns. The results indicated that these receivers are

compliant with the mask with potentially some margin.

However, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

noted the following significant limitations of the testing:

◾ Not all receiver performance requirements were tested.

◾ Only a limited number of certi¿ed receivers were

tested, and even those tested were not tested with

every combination of approved equipment (for

example, receiver/antenna pairings).

◾ Tests were not conducted in the environmental

conditions that the equipment was certi¿ed to tolerate

(for example, across the wide range of temperatures

that an airborne active antenna experiences, and

the extreme vibration pro¿le that is experienced by

avionics upon some aircraft).

Due to these limitations, the FAA focused attention upon

the standards rather than the test results for LightSquared

compatibility analyses, and these standards are also

recommended for use in the development of national GPS

interference standards. One finding from the measurements

of aviation receivers that may be useful, however, is that

the devices tested exhibited susceptibilities to out-of-band

interference that were nearly constant as a function of

interference bandwidth. This fact is useful since the out-

of-band interference mask within aviation standards is

only defined for continuous-wave (pure tone) interference,

whereas LightSquared and other potential adjacent-band

systems use signals with bandwidths of 5 MHz or greater.

Cellular. The TWG tested 41 cellular devices supplied

by four U.S. carriers (AT&T, Sprint, US Cellular, and

Verizon) against LightSquared emissions in the late

spring/early summer of 2011. At least one of the 41

devices failed industry standards in the presence of a 5-

or 10-MHz LTE signal centered at 1550 MHz at levels

as low as –55 dBm, and at least one failed for a 10-MHz

LTE signal centered at 1531 MHz at levels as low as

–45 dBm. The worst performing cellular devices were

either not production models or very old devices, and if

the results for these devices are excluded, then the most

susceptible device could tolerate a 10-MHz LTE signal

centered at 1531 MHz at power levels of up to –30 dBm.

Careful retesting took place in the fall of 2011, yielding

a lower maximum susceptibility value of –27 dBm under

the same conditions.

general Location/Navigation. The TWG effort tested 29

general location/navigation devices. In the presence of a

pair of 10-MHz LTE signals centered at 1531 MHz and

1550 MHz, the most susceptible device experienced a

1-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) degradation when each

LTE signal was received at –58.9 dBm. In the presence

of a single 10-MHz LTE signal centered at 1531 MHz,

the most susceptible device experienced a 1-dB SNR

degradation when the interfering signal was received at

–33 dBm.

Much more extensive testing of the effects of a single

LTE signal centered at 1531 MHz on general location/

navigation devices was conducted in the fall of 2011,

▲ Figure 1 Certified aviation receiver interference mask.



evaluating 92 devices. The final report on this campaign

noted that 69 of the 92 devices experienced a 1-dB SNR

decrease or greater when “at an equivalent distance of

greater than 100 meters from the LightSquared simulated

tower.” Since the tower was modeled as transmitting an

EIRP of 62 dBm, the 100-meter separation is equivalent to

a received power level of around –14 dBm. The two most

susceptible devices experienced 1-dB SNR degradations at

received power levels less than –45 dBm.

High Precision, Timing, Networks. The early 2011 TWG

campaign tested 44 high-precision and 13 timing

receivers. 10 percent of the high-precision (timing)

devices experienced a 1-dB or more SNR degradation in

the presence of a 10-MHz LTE signal centered at 1550

MHz at a received power level of –81 dBm (–72 dBm).

With the 10-MHz LTE signal centered at 1531 MHz, this

level increased to –67 dBm (–39 dBm).

The reason that some high-precision GPS receivers are

so sensitive to interference in the 1525–1559 MHz band

is that they were built with wideband radiofrequency

front-ends to intentionally process both GPS and mobile

satellite service (MSS) signals. The latter signals provide

differential GPS corrections supplied by commercial

service providers that lease MSS satellite transponders,

from companies including LightSquared.

Space. Two space-based receivers were tested for

the TWG study. The ¿rst was a current-generation

receiver, and the second a next-generation receiver

under development. The two receivers experienced 1-dB

C/A-code SNR degradation with total interference power

levels of –59 dBm and –82 dBm in the presence of two

5-MHz LTE signals centered at 1528.5 MHz and 1552.7

MHz. For a single 10-MHz LTE signal centered at 1531

MHz, the levels corresponding to a 1-dB C/A-code

SNR degradation increased to –13 dBm and –63 dBm.

The next-generation receiver was more susceptible to

adjacent-band interference because it was developed to

“be reprogrammed in Àight to different frequencies over

the full range of GNSS and augmentation signals.”

Discussion. Although extensive amounts of data were

produced, the LightSquared studies are insuf¿cient by

themselves for the development of GPS interference

standards, since they only assessed the susceptibility

of GPS receivers to interference at the speci¿c carrier

frequencies and with the speci¿c bandwidths proposed

by LightSquared. If GPS interference standards are to

be developed for additional bands, then much more

comprehensive measurements will be necessary.

Interestingly, NTIA in 1998 initiated a GPS receiver

interference susceptibility study, funded by the Department

of Defense (DoD) and conducted by DoD’s Joint Spectrum

Center. One set of curves produced by the study is

shown in Figure 2. This format would be a useful output

of a further measurement campaign. The curves depict

the interference levels needed to produce a 1-dB SNR

degradation to one GPS device as the bandwidth and

center frequency of the interference is varied. The NTIA

curves only extended from GPS L1 (1575.42 MHz) ± 20

MHz. A much wider range would be needed to develop

GPS interference standards as envisioned by the PNT

EXCOM. It may be possible, to minimize testing, to

exclude certain ranges of frequencies corresponding to

bands that stakeholders agree are unlikely to be repurposed

for new (for example, mobile broadband) systems.

Receiver-Transmitter ProximityThe LightSquared studies, with the exception of those

focused on aviation and space applications, spent far less

attention to receiver-transmitter proximity. Minimum

separation distances and the associated geometry are

obviously very important towards determining the

maximum interference level that might be expected for

a given LTE network (or other adjacent band system)

laydown.

Within the TWG, the assumption generally made for

other (non-aviation, non-space) GPS receiver categories

▲ Figure 3 Measurements of received power levels from one experimental LightSquared base station sector in Las Vegas live-sky testing. ▲ Figure 2 Example of NTIA-initiated receiver susceptibility

measurements from 1998.



was that they could see power levels that were measured

in Las Vegas a couple of meters above the ground from a

live LightSquared tower. Figure 3 shows one set of received

power measurements from Las Vegas. In the figure, the

dots are measured received power levels made by a test

van. The top curve is a prediction of received power based

upon the free-space path-loss model. The bottom curve is

a prediction based upon the Walfisch-Ikegami line-of-sight

(WILOS) propagation model. The NPEF studies presumed

that the user could be within the boresight of a sector

antenna even within small distances of the antenna (where

the user would need to be at a significant height above

ground).

The difference between the above received LTE signal

power assumptions has been hotly debated, especially

after LightSquared proposed limiting received power

levels from the aggregate of all transmitting base stations

as measured a couple of meters above the ground in areas

accessible to a test vehicle. After summarizing the aviation

scenarios developed by the FAA, this section highlights

scenarios where so-called terrestrial GPS receivers can

be at above-ground heights well over 2 meters. The

importance of accurately understanding transmitter-

receiver proximity is illustrated by Figure 4. This shows

predicted received power levels for one LTE base station

sector transmitting with an EIRP of 30 dBW and with an

antenna height of 20 meters (65.6 feet). The figure was

produced assuming the free-space path-loss model and a

typical GPS patch-antenna gain pattern for the user. Note

that maximum received power levels are very sensitive to

the victim GPS receiver antenna height.

Aviation. The ¿rst LightSquared-GPS study conducted

for civil aviation was completed by the Radio Technical

Commission for Aeronautic (RTCA) upon a request

from the FAA. Due to the extremely short requested

turnaround time (3 months), RTCA consciously decided

not to devote any of the available time developing

operational scenarios, but rather re-used scenarios that it

had developed for earlier interference studies. It was later

realized that the combination of ¿ve re-used scenarios

and assumed LightSquared network characteristics

did not result in an accurate identi¿cation of the most

stressing real-world scenarios. For instance, within the

RTCA report, base stations’ towers were all assumed to

be 30 meters in height. At this height, towers could not

be close to runway thresholds where aircraft are Àying

very low to the ground, because this situation would

be precluded by obstacle clearance surfaces. Later

studies used actual base-station locations, from which

the aviation community became aware that cellular

service providers do place base stations close to airports

by utilizing lower base-station heights as necessary to

keep the antenna structure just below obstacle clearance

surfaces.

The FAA completed an assessment of LightSquared-

GPS compatibility in January 2012 that identified

scenarios where certified aviation receivers could

experience much higher levels of interference than was

assessed in the RTCA report. The areas where fixed-wing

and rotary-wing aircraft rely on GPS are depicted in Figures 5 And 6 (above the connected line segments), respectively.

Aircraft rely upon GPS for navigation and Terrain

Awareness and Warning Systems (TAWS). Helicopter

low-level en-route navigation and TAWS for fixed- and

rotary-wing aircraft are perhaps the most challenging

scenarios for ensuring GPS compatibility with adjacent-

band cellular networks. In these scenarios, the aircraft can

be within the boresight of cellular sector antennas and

in very close proximity, resulting in very high received-

power levels. The FAA attempted to provide some leeway

for LightSquared while maintaining safe functionality

of TAWS through the concept of exclusion zones (see

Figure 7). The idea of an exclusion zone is that, at least

for cellular base-station transmitters on towers that are

▲ Figure 5 Area where GPS use must be sssured for fixed-wing aircraft.

▲ Figure 6 Area where GPS use must be assured for rotary-wing aircraft.

▲ Figure 4 Received power in dBm at the output of a GPS patch antenna from one 30 dBW EIRP LTE base station sector at 20 meters.



included within TAWS databases,

that it would be permitted for the

GPS function to not be available for

very small zones around the LTE

base-station tower. This concept is

currently notional only; the FAA

plans to more carefully evaluate

the feasibility of this concept and

appropriate exclusion-zone size

with the assistance of other aviation

industry stakeholders.

High-precision and Networks: Reference Stations. To gain insight

into typical reference-station heights

for differential GPS networks, the

AGL heights of sites comprising the

Continuously Operating Reference

Station (CORS) network organized

by the National Geodetic Survey

(NGS) were determined. The

assessment procedure is detailed in

the Appendix.

FiguRe 8 portrays a histogram

of estimated AGL heights for the

1543 operational sites within the

continental United States (CONUS)

as of February 2012. The accuracy of

the estimated AGL heights is on the

order of 16 meters, 90 percent, limited

primarily by the quality of the terrain

data that was utilized. The mean and ▲ Bow HigHRiSe under construction in Calgary, showing GPS receivers in use (photos courtesy Rocky Annett, MMM Group Ltd.)

▲ FiguRe 8 Distribution of heights for CORS sites.

▲ FiguRe 7 Example exclusion area around base station to protect TAWS.



median site heights are 5.7 and 5.2 meters, respectively.

RALR, atop the Archdale Building in Raleigh, North

Carolina, was the tallest identified site at 64.1 meters.

This site, however, was decommissioned in January

2012 (although it was identified as operational in a

February 2012 NGS listing of sites). The second tallest

site identified is WVHU in Huntington, West Virginia at

39.6 meters, which is still operational atop of a Marshall

University building. 223 of the 1543 CORS sites within

CONUS have AGL heights greater than 10 meters, and

furthermore the taller sites tend to be in urban areas where

cellular networks tend to have the greatest base-station

density.

High Precision and Networks: End Users. Many high-precision

end users employ GPS receivers at considerable heights

above ground. For instance, high-precision receivers

are relied upon within modern construction methods.

The adjacENt PHotos show GPS receivers used for the

construction of a 58-story skyscraper called The Bow

in Calgary, Canada. For this project, a rooftop control

network was established on top of neighboring buildings

using both GPS receivers and other surveying equipment

(for example, 360-degree prisms for total stations), and

GPS receivers were moved up with each successive stage

of the building to keep structural components plumb and

properly aligned. Similar techniques are being used for the

Freedom Tower, the new World Trade Center, in New York

City, and many other current construction projects.

Other terrestrial applications that rely on high-precision

GPS receivers at high altitudes include structural

monitoring and control of mechanical equipment such

as gantry cranes. At times, even ground-based survey

receivers can be substantially elevated. Although a

conventional surveying pole or tripod typically places

the GPS antenna 1.5 – 2 meters above the ground, much

longer poles are available and occasionally used in areas

where obstructions are present. 4-meter GPS poles are

often utilized, and poles of up to 40 ft (12.2 meters) are

available from survey supply companies.

General Location/Navigation. Although controlling received

power from a cellular network at 2 meters AGL may be

suitable to protect many general navigation/location users,

it is not adequate by itself. For example, GPS receivers

are used for tracking trucks and for positive train control

(the latter mandated in the United States per the Rail

Safety Improvement Act of 2008). GPS antennas for

trucks and trains are often situated on top of these vehicles.

Large trucks in the United States for use on public roads

can be up to 13 ft, 6 in (~4.1 meters), and a typical U.S.

locomotive height is 15 ft, 5 in (~4.7 meters). Especially

in a mature network that is using high downtilts, received

power at these AGL heights can be substantially higher

than at 2 meters.

Within the TWG and NPEF studies, the general

location/navigation GPS receiver category is defined

to include non-certified aviation receivers. One notable

application is the use of GPS to navigate unmanned

aerial vehicles. UAVs are increasingly being used for law

enforcement, border control, and many other applications

where the UAV can be expected to occasionally pass

within the boresight of cellular antennas at short ranges.

cellular. The majority of Americans own cell phones,

and a growing number are using cell phones as a

replacement for landlines within their home. Already,

70 percent of 911 calls are made on mobile phones.

Although pedestrians and car passengers are often within

2 meters of the ground, this is not always the case.

FiGUrE 9 shows three cellular sector antennas situated

atop a building ¿lled with residential condominiums.

The rooftop is accessible and frequently used by the

building inhabitants. According to an online real estate

advertisement, “The Garden Roof was voted the Best

Green Roof in Town and provides amazing 360 degree

views of downtown Nashville as well as four separate

sitting areas and fabulous landscaping.” One of the sector

antennas is pointing towards the opposite corner of the

building. If the downtilt is in the vicinity of 2–6 degrees,

then it is quite likely that a person making a 911 call

from the rooftop could see a received power level of –10

dBm to 0 dBm, high enough to disrupt GPS within most

cellular devices if the antennas were transmitting in the

1525–1559 MHz band.

This situation is not unusual. Many cellular base

stations are situated on rooftops in urban areas, and many

illuminate living areas in adjacent buildings. In recent

years, New York City even considered legislation to

protect citizens from potential harmful effects of the more

than 2,600 cell sites in the city, since many sites are in very

close proximity to residential areas.

Propagation ModelsWithin the LightSquared proceedings, there was a

tremendous amount of debate regarding propagation

▲ FiGUrE 9 Cellular antennas atop Westview Condominium Building in downtown Nashville.



models. Communication-system service providers

typically use propagation models that are conservative in

their estimates of received power levels in the sense that

they overestimate propagation losses. This conservatism

is necessary so that the service can be provided to end

users with high availability. From the standpoint of

potential victims of interference, however, it is seen as

far more desirable to underestimate propagation losses so

that interference can be kept below an acceptable level

a very high percentage of time. As shown in Figure 3,

some received power measurements from the Las Vegas

live-sky test indicate values even greater than would be

predicted using free-space propagation model. Statistical

models that allow for this possible were used in the FAA

Status Report. The general topic of propagation models

is worthy of future additional study if GPS interference

standards are to be developed.

Future ConsiderationsGPS is being modernized. Additionally, satellite

navigation users now enjoy the fact that the Russian

GLONASS system has recently returned to full strength

with the repopulation of its constellation. In the next

decade, satellite navigation users also eagerly anticipate

the completion of two other global GNSS constellations:

Europe’s Galileo and China’s Compass. Notably, between

the GPS modernization program and the deployment

of these other systems, satellite navigation users are

expected to soon be relying upon equipment that is multi-

frequency and that needs to process many more signals

with varied characteristics. New equipment offers an

opportunity to insert new technologies such as improved

¿ltering, but of course the need to process additional

signals and carrier frequencies may make GNSS

equipment more susceptible to interference as well.

Clearly, these developments will need to be carefully

assessed to support the establishment of GPS spectrum

interference standards.

SummaryThis article has identified a number of considerations for

the development of GPS interference standards, which

have been proposed by the PNT EXCOM. If the United

States proceeds with the development of such standards,

it is hoped that the information within this article will

prove useful to those involved.

Appendix: AGL Heights of CORS Network SitesThe National Geodetic Survey Continuously Operating

Reference Station (CORS) website provides lists of

CORS site locations in a number of different reference

frames. To determine the height above ground level (hagl

)

for each site within this study, two of these ¿les (igs08_

xyz_comp.txt and igs08_xyz_htdp.txt) were used. These

two ¿les provide the (x,y,z) coordinates of the antenna

reference point (ARP) for each site in the International

GNSS Service 2008 (IGS08) reference frame, which is

consistent with the International Terrestrial Reference

Frame (ITRF) of 2008. These coordinates are divided

into two ¿les by NGS, since the site listings also provide

site velocities and velocities are either computed (for

sites that have produced data for at least 2.5 years) or

estimated (for newer sites). The comp ¿le includes sites

with computed velocities and the htdp ¿le includes sites

with estimated velocities (using a NGS program known

as HTDP).

The data files can be used to readily produce height

above the ellipsoid, hellipsoid

, for each site. This height can be

found using well-known equations to convert from (x, y, z)

to (latitude, longitude, height). Obtaining estimates of hagl

requires information on the geoid height and terrain data,

per the relationship:

hagl

= hellipsoid – N - hterrain

(A-1)

For the results presented in this article, terrain data

was obtained from http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov in the Shuttle

Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Terrain

Elevation Data (DTED) Level 2 format. For this terrain

data, the horizontal datum is the World Geodetic

System (WGS 84). The vertical datum is Mean Sea

Level (MSL) as determined by the Earth Gravitational

Model (EGM) 1996. Each data file covers a 1º by 1º

degree cell in latitude/longitude, and individual points

are spaced 1 arcsec in both latitude and longitude. The

SRTM DTED Level 2 has a system design 16 meter

absolute vertical height accuracy, 10 meters relative

vertical height accuracy, and 20 meter absolute horizontal

circular accuracy. All accuracies are at the 90 percent

level. Considering the accuracies of the DTED data,

the differences between WGS-84 and IGS08 as well

as between the ARP and antenna phase center were

considered negligible. Geoid heights were interpolated

from 15-arcmin data available in the MATLAB Mapping

Toolbox using the egm96geoid function.

Lower AGL heights are preferred for CORS sites to

minimize motion between the antenna and the Earth’s

crust. However, many sites are at significant heights above

the ground by necessity, particularly in urban areas due to

the competing desire for good sky visibility.

Christopher J. hegarty is the director for communications, navigation, and surveillance engineering and spectrum with The MITRE Corporation. He received a D.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from George Washington University. He is currently the chair of the Program Management Committee of the RTCA, Inc., and co-chairs RTCA Special Committee 159 (GNSS). He is the co-editor/co-author of the textbook Understanding GPS: Principles and Applications, 2nd Edition.


Algorithms and Methods | innovAtion

This article deals with the problem

of position authentication. The

term “position authentication”

as discussed in this article is taken to

mean the process of checking whether

position reports made by a remote

user are truthful (Is the user where

they say they are?) and accurate (In

reality, how close is a remote user to the

position they are reporting?). Position

authentication will be indispensable to

many envisioned civilian applications.

For example, in the national airspace of

the future, some traf¿c control services

will be based on self-reported positions

broadcast via ADS-B by each aircraft.

Non-aviation applications where

authentication will be required include

tamper-free shipment tracking and

smart-border systems to enhance cargo

inspection procedures at commercial

ports of entry. The discussions that

follow are the outgrowth of an idea

¿rst presented by Sherman Lo and

colleagues at Stanford University (see

Further Reading).

For illustrative purposes, we will

focus on the terrestrial application of

cargo tracking. Most of the commercial

Àeet and asset tracking systems

available in the market today depend on

a GPS receiver installed on the cargo or

asset. The GPS receiver provides real-

time location (and, optionally, velocity)

information. The location and the time

when the asset was at a particular

location form the tracking message,

which is sent back to a monitoring

center to verify if the asset is traveling

in an expected manner. This method

of tracking is depicted graphically in

FIGURE 1.

The approach shown in Figure 1 has

at least two potential scenarios or fault

My UnIvERsIty, the University of New Brunswick, is one of the few institutes of higher learning still using Latin at its graduation exercises. The president and vice-chancellor of the university asks the members of the senate and board of governors present “Placetne vobis Senatores, placetne, Gubernatores, ut hi supplicatores admittantur?” (Is it your pleasure, Senators, is it your pleasure, Governors, that these supplicants be admitted?). In the Oxford tradition, a supplicant is a student who has qualified for their degree but who has not yet been admitted to it. Being a UNB senator, I was familiar with this usage of the word supplicant. But I was

a little surprised when I first read a draft of the article in this month’s Innovation column with its use of the word supplicant to describe the status of a GPS receiver.

If we look up the definition of supplicant in a dictionary, we find that it is “a person who makes a humble or earnest plea to another, especially to a person in power or authority.” Clearly, that describes our graduating students. But what has it got to do with a GPS receiver? Well, it seems that the word supplicant has been taken up by engineers developing protocols for computer communication networks and with a similar meaning. In this case, a supplicant (a computer or rather some part of its operating system) at one end of a secure local area network seeks authentication to join the

network by submitting credentials to the authenticator on the other end. If authentication is successful, the computer is allowed to join the network. The concept of supplicant and authenticator is used, for example, in the IEEE 802.1X standard for port-based network access control.

Which brings us to GPS. When a GPS receiver reports its position to a monitoring center using a radio signal of some kind, how do we know that the receiver or its associated communications unit is telling the truth? It’s not that difficult to generate false position reports and mislead the monitoring center into believing the receiver is located elsewhere — unless an authentication procedure is used. In this month’s column, we look at the development of a clever system that uses the concept of supplicant and authenticator to assess the truthfulness of position reports.

It’s not that difficult to generate false position reports.

InnovaTIon InSIGhTS with Richard Langley

Getting at the truthA Civilian GPS Position Authentication SystemZhefeng Li and Demoz Gebre-Egziabher

“Innovation” is a regular feature that discusses advances in GPS technology andits applications as well as the fundamentals of GPS positioning. The column is coordinated by Richard Langley of the Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, University of New Brunswick. He welcomes comments and topic ideas. To contact him, see the “Contributing Editors” section on page 6.


innovation | algorithms and Methods

modes, which can lead to erroneous tracking of the asset. The

¿rst scenario occurs when an incorrect position solution is

calculated as a result of GPS RF signal abnormalities (such

as GPS signal spoo¿ng). The second scenario occurs when

the correct position solution is calculated but the tracking

message is tampered with during the transmission from the

asset being tracked to the monitoring center. The ¿rst scenario

is a falsi¿cation of the sensor and the second scenario is a

falsi¿cation of the transmitted position report.

The purpose of this article is to examine the problem of

detecting sensor or report falsi¿cation at the monitoring

center. We discuss an authentication system utilizing the

white-noise-like spreading codes of GPS to calculate an

authentic position based on a snapshot of raw IF signal from

the receiver.

Using White Noise as a WatermarkThe features for GPS position authentication should be very

hard to reproduce and unique to different locations and time.

In this case, the authentication process is reduced to detecting

these features and checking if these features satisfy some time

and space constraints. The features are similar to the well-

designed watermarks used to detect counterfeit currency.

A white-noise process that is superimposed on the GPS

signal would be a perfect watermark signal in the sense that it

is impossible reproduce and predict. FIGURE 2 is an abstraction

that shows how the above idea of a superimposed white-noise

process would work in the signal authentication problem. The

system has one transmitter, Tx , and two receivers, R

s and R

a.

Rs is the supplicant and R

a is the authenticator. The task of

the authenticator is to determine whether the supplicant is

using a signal from Tx or is being spoofed by a malicious

transmitter, Tm. R

a is the trusted source, which gets a copy

of the authentic signal, Vx(t) (that is, the signal transmitted

by Tx). The snapshot signal, V

s(t), received at R

s is sent to

the trusted agent to compare with the signal, Va(t), received

at Ra. Every time a veri¿cation is performed, the snapshot

signal from Rs is compared with a piece of the signal from

Ra. If these two pieces of signal match, we can say the

snapshot signal from Rs was truly transmitted from T

x. For

the white-noise signal, match detection is accomplished via a

cross-correlation operation (see Further Reading). The cross-

correlation between one white-noise signal and any other

signal is always zero. Only when the correlation is between

the signal and its copy will the correlation have a non-

zero value. So a non-zero correlation means a match. The

time when the correlation peak occurs provides additional

information about the distance between Ra and R

s.

Unfortunately, generation of a white-noise watermark

template based on a mathematical model is impossible. But,

as we will see, there is an easy-to-use alternative.

An Intrinsic GPS Watermark The RF carrier broadcast by each GPS satellite is modulated

by the coarse/acquisition (C/A) code, which is known and

which can be processed by all users, and the encrypted

P(Y) code, which can be decoded and used by Department

of Defense (DoD) authorized users only. Both civilians and

DoD-authorized users see the same signal. To commercial

GPS receivers, the P(Y) code appears as uncorrelated

noise. Thus, as discussed above, this noise can be used as a

watermark, which uniquely encodes locations and times. In a

typical civilian GPS receiver’s tracking loop, this watermark

signal can be found inside the tracking loop quadrature signal.

The position authentication approach discussed here

is based on using the P(Y) signal to determine whether a

user is utilizing an authentic GPS signal. This method uses

a segment of noisy P(Y) signal collected by a trusted user

(the authenticator) as a watermark template. Another user’s

(the supplicant’s) GPS signal can be compared with the

template signal to judge if the user’s position and time reports

are authentic. Correlating the supplicant’s signal with the

authenticator’s copy of the signal recorded yields a correlation

peak, which serves as a watermark. An absent correlation

peak means the GPS signal provided by the supplicant is

not genuine. A correlation peak that occurs earlier or later

than predicted (based on the supplicant’s reported position)

indicates a false position report.

System ArchitectureFIGURE 3 is a high-level architecture of our proposed position

authentication system. In practice, we need a short snapshot

of the raw GPS IF signal from the supplicant. This piece of

the signal is the digitalized, down-converted, IF signal before

the tracking loops of a generic GPS receiver. Another piece

of information needed from the supplicant is the position

solution and GPS Time calculated using only the C/A signal.

The raw IF signal and the position message are transmitted to

the authentication center by any data link (using a cell-phone

data network, Wi-Fi, or other means).

GPS satellite

Message packet

• Time stamp

• Location

User vehicle

(with GPS receiver)Monitoring center

GPS signal

Message channel

▲ FIGURE 1 A typical asset tracking system.



The authentication station keeps track of all the common

satellites seen by both the authenticator and the supplicant.

Every common satellite’s watermark signal is then obtained

from the authenticator’s tracking loop. These watermark

signals are stored in a signal database. Meanwhile, the

pseudorange between the authenticator and every satellite is

also calculated and is stored in the same database.

When the authentication station receives the data from the

supplicant, it converts the raw IF signal into the quadrature

(Q) channel signals. Then the supplicant’s Q channel signal

is used to perform the cross-correlation with the watermark

signal in the database. If the correlation peak is found at

the expected time, the supplicant’s signal passes the signal-

authentication test. By measuring the relative peak time of

every common satellite, a position can be computed. The

position authentication involves comparing the reported

position of the supplicant to this calculated position. If the

difference between two positions is within a pre-determined

range, the reported position passes the position authentication.

While in principle it is straightforward to do authentication

as described above, in practice there are some challenges

that need to be addressed. For example, when there is only

one common satellite, the only common signal in the Q

channel signals is this common satellite’s P(Y) signal. So the

cross-correlation only has one peak. If there are two or more

common satellites, the common signals in the Q channel

signals include not only the P(Y) signals but also C/A signals.

Then the cross-correlation result will have multiple peaks.

We call this problem the C/A leakage problem, which will be

addressed below.

C/A Residual FilterThe C/A signal energy in the GPS signal is about double the

P(Y) signal energy. So the C/A false peaks are higher than the

true peak. The C/A false peaks repeat every 1 millisecond. If

the C/A false peaks occur, they are greater than the true peak

in both number and strength. Because of background noise,

it is hard to identify the true peak from the correlation result

corrupted by the C/A residuals.

To deal with this problem, a high-pass ¿lter can be used.

Alternatively, because the C/A code is known, a match ¿lter

can be designed to ¿lter out any given GPS satellite’s C/A

signal from the Q channel signal used for detection. However,

this implies that one match ¿lter is needed for every common

satellite simultaneously in view of the authenticator and

supplicant. This can be cumbersome and, thus, the ¿ltering

approach is pursued here.

In the frequency domain, the energy of the base-band C/A

signal is mainly (56 percent) within a ±1.023 MHz band, while

the energy of the base-band P(Y) signal is spread over a wider

band of ±10.23 MHz. A high-pass ¿lter can be applied to Q

channel signals to ¿lter out the signal energy in the ±1.023

MHz band. In this way, all satellites’ C/A signal energy can

be attenuated by one ¿lter rather than using separate match

¿lters for different satellites.

FIGURE 4 is the frequency response of a high-pass ¿lter

designed to ¿lter out the C/A signal energy. The spectrum

of the C/A signal is also plotted in the ¿gure. The high-

pass ¿lter only removes the main lobe of the C/A signals.

Unfortunately, the high-pass ¿lter also attenuates part of the

▲ FIGURE 3 Architecture of position authentication system.

Vx(t)

Tx

Tm

Vm(t)

νs

νa

Va(t)

Ra

Rs

Vs(t)

GPS satellite

(at least four for

position authentication)

User vehicle

Cell-phone tower Authentication site

(law enforcement)

GPS signal

RF data uplink 0 1 2 3 4 5−80

−70

−60

−50

−40

−30

−20

−10

0

Frequency (MHz)

Gain (dB)

Filter frequency response

C/A signal spectrum

▲ FIGURE 2 Architecture to detect a snapshot of a white-noise signal.

▲ FIGURE 4 Frequency response of the notch filter.



P(Y) signal energy. This degrades the auto-correlation peak

of the P(Y) signal. Even though the gain of the high-pass

¿lter is the same for both the C/A and the P(Y) signals, this

effect on their auto-correlation is different. That is because

the percentage of the low-frequency energy of the C/A signal

is much higher than that of the P(Y) signal. This, however, is

not a signi¿cant drawback as it may appear initially. To see

why this is so, note that the objective of the high-pass ¿lter is

to obtain the greatest false-peak rejection ratio de¿ned to be

the ratio between the peak value of P(Y) auto-correlation and

that of the C/A auto-correlation. The false-peak rejection ratio

of the non-¿ltered signals is 0.5. Therefore, all one has to do is

adjust the cut-off frequency of the high-pass ¿lter to achieve a

desired false-peak rejection ratio.

The simulation results in FIGURE 5 show that one simple high-

pass ¿lter rather than multiple match ¿lters can be designed

to achieve an acceptable false-peak rejection ratio. The auto-

correlation peak value of the ¿ltered C/A signal and that of

the ¿ltered P(Y) signal is plotted in the ¿gure. While the

P(Y) signal is attenuated by about 25 percent, the C/A code

signal is attenuated by 91.5 percent (the non-¿ltered C/A auto-

correlation peak is 2). The false-peak rejection ratio is boosted

from 0.5 to 4.36 by using the appropriate high-pass ¿lter.

Position CalculationConsider the situation depicted in FIGURE 6 where the

authenticator and the supplicant have multiple common

satellites in view. In this case, not only can we perform

the signal authentication but also obtain an estimate of the

pseudorange information from the authentication. Thus, the

authenticated pseudorange information can be further used to

calculate the supplicant’s position if we have at least three

estimates of pseudoranges between the supplicant and GPS

satellites. Since this position solution of the supplicant

is based on the P(Y) watermark signal rather than the

supplicant’s C/A signal, it is an independent and authentic

solution of the supplicant’s position. By comparing this

authentic position with the reported position of the supplicant,

we can authenticate the veracity of the supplicant’s reported

GPS position.

The situation shown in Figure 6 is very similar to double-

difference differential GPS. The major difference between

what is shown in the ¿gure and the traditional double

difference is how the differential ranges are calculated.

Figure 6 shows how the range information can be obtained

during the signal authentication process. Let us assume that

the authenticator and the supplicant have four common GPS

satellites in view: SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, and SAT4. The signals

transmitted from the satellites at time t are S1(t), S

2(t), S

3(t),

and S4(t), respectively. Suppose a signal broadcast by SAT1 at

time t0 arrives at the supplicant at t

0 + ν

1

s where ν1

s is the travel

time of the signal. At the same time, signals from SAT2,

SAT3, and SAT4 are received by the supplicant. Let us denote

the travel time of these signals as ν2

s, ν3

s, and ν4

s, respectively.

These same signals will be also received at the authenticator.

We will denote the travel times for the signals from satellite

to authenticator as ν1

a, ν2

a, ν3

a, and ν4

a.

The signal at a receiver’s antenna is the superposition of the

signals from all the satellites. This is shown in FIGURE 7 where a

snapshot of the signal received at the supplicant’s antenna at

time t0 + ν

1

s includes GPS signals from SAT1, SAT2, SAT3,

and SAT4. Note that even though the arrival times of these

signals are the same, their transmit times (that is, the times

they were broadcast from the satellites) are different because

the ranges are different. The signals received at the supplicant

will be S1(t

0), S

2(t

0 + ν

1

s – ν2

s), S3(t

0 + ν

1

s – ν3

s), and S4(t

0 + ν

1

s –

ν4

s). This same snapshot of the signals at the supplicant is used

to detect the matched watermark signals from SAT1, SAT2,

SAT3, and SAT4 at the authenticator. Thus the correlation

peaks between the supplicant’s and the authenticator’s signal

should occur at t0 + ν

1

a, t0 + ν

1

s – ν2

s + ν2

a, t0 + ν

1

s – ν3

s + ν3

a,

and t0 + ν

1

s – ν4

s + ν4

a.

Referring to Figure 6 again, suppose the authenticator’s

−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3−0.3

−0.1

0.1

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.9

← 0.7424

← 0.1701

Shift time (milliseconds)

Auto

−corr

ela

tion

Filtered P(Y) signal

Filtered C/A signal

SAT1

SAT2SAT3

SAT4

Authenticator

(xa, y

a, z

a)

Supplicant

(xs, y

s, z

s)

x

y

z

ECEF

1aS

2aS

3aS

4aS

2sS

3sS

4sS

1sS

▲ FIGURE 5 Auto-correlation of the filtered C/A and P(Y) signals.

▲ FIGURE 6 Positioning using a watermark signal.



position (xa, y

a, z

a) is known but the supplicant’s position

(xs, y

s, z

s) is unknown and needs to be determined. Because

the actual ith common satellite (xi, y

i, z

i) is also known to

the authenticator, each of the ρi

a, the pseudorange between

the ith satellite and the authenticator, is known. If ρi

s is the

pseudorange to the ith satellite measured at the supplicant, the

pseudoranges and the time difference satis¿es equation (1):

(1)

where χ21

is the differential range error primarily due to

tropospheric and ionospheric delays. In addition, c is the

speed of light, and t21

is the measured time difference as

shown in Figure 7. Finally, ρi

s for i = 1, 2, 3, 4 is given by:

(2)

If more than four common satellites are in view between the

supplicant and authenticator, equation (1) can be used to form

a system of equations in three unknowns. The unknowns are

the components of the supplicant’s position vector rs = [x

s,

ys, z

s]T. This equation can be linearized and then solved using

least-squares techniques. When linearized, the equations have

the following form:

(3)

where δrs = [δx

s, δy

s, δz

s]T, which is the estimation error of the

supplicant’s position. The matrix A is given by

where is the line of sight vector from the supplicant to the

ith satellite. Finally, the vector δm is given by:

(4)

where is the ith satellite’s position error, δρi

a is the

measurement error of pseudorange ρi

a or pseudorange noise.

In addition, δtij is the time difference error. Finally, δχ

ij is the

error of χij de¿ned earlier.

Equation (3) is in a standard form that can be solved by a

weighted least-squares method. The solution is

(5)

where R is the covariance matrix of the measurement error

vector δm. From equations (3) and (5), we can see that the

supplicant’s position accuracy depends on both the geometry

and the measurement errors.

Hardware and SoftwareIn what follows, we describe an authenticator which is

designed to capture the GPS raw signals and to test the

performance of the authentication method described above.

Since we are relying on the P(Y) signal for authentication,

the GPS receivers used must have an RF front end with at

least a 20-MHz bandwidth. Furthermore, they must be

coupled with a GPS antenna with a similar bandwidth. The

RF front end must also have low noise. This is because the

authentication method uses a noisy piece of the P(Y) signal

at the authenticator as a template to detect if that P(Y) piece

exists in the supplicant’s raw IF signal. Thus, the detection

is very sensitive to the noise in both the authenticator and

the supplicant signals. Finally, the sampling of the down-

converted and digitized RF signal must be done at a high rate

because the positioning accuracy depends on the accuracy

of the pseudorange reconstructed by the authenticator.

The pseudorange is calculated from the time-difference

measurement. The accuracy of this time difference depends

on the sampling frequency to digitize the IF signal. The high

sampling frequency means high data bandwidth after the

sampling.

The authenticator designed for this work and shown in

FIGURE 8 satis¿es the above requirements. A block diagram of

the authenticator is shown in Figure 8a and the constructed

unit in Figure 8b. The IF signal processing unit in the

authenticator is based on the USRP N210 software-de¿ned

radio. It offers the function of down converting, digitalization,

and data transmission. The ¿rmware and ¿eld-programmable-

gate-array con¿guration in the USRP N210 are modi¿ed to

integrate a software automatic gain control and to increase

the data transmission ef¿ciency. The sampling frequency is

100 MHz and the effective resolution of the analog-to-digital

conversion is 6 bits. The authenticator is battery powered and

can operate for up to four hours at full load.

Performance ValidationNext, we present results demonstrating the performance of the

Supplicant Authenticator

▲ FIGURE 7 Relative time delays constrained by positions.



authenticator described above. First, we present results that

show we can successfully deal with the C/A leakage problem

using the simple high-pass ¿lter. We do this by performing

a correlation between snapshots of signal collected from the

authenticator and a second USRP N210 software-de¿ned

radio. FIGURE 9a is the correlation result without the high-

pass ¿lter. The periodic peaks in the result have a period of

1 millisecond and are a graphic representation of the C/A

leakage problem. Because of noise, these peaks do not have

the same amplitude. FIGURE 9b shows the correlation result

using the same data snapshot as in Figure 9a. The difference

is that Figure 9b uses the high-pass ¿lter to attenuate the

false peaks caused by the C/A signal residual. Only one peak

appears in this result as expected and, thus, con¿rms the

analysis given earlier.

We performed an experiment to validate the authentication

performance. In this experiment, the authenticator and

the supplicant were separated by about 1 mile (about 1.6

kilometers). The location of the authenticator was ¿xed.

The supplicant was then sequentially placed at ¿ve points

along a straight line. The distance between two adjacent

points is about 15 meters. The supplicant was in an open

area with no tall buildings or structures. Therefore, a

suf¿cient number of satellites were in view and multipath,

if any, was minimal. The locations of the ¿ve test points are

shown in FIGURE 10.

The ¿rst step of this test was to place the supplicant at point

A and collect a 40-millisecond snippet of data. This data was

then processed by the authenticator to determine if:

◾ The signal contained the watermark. We call this the

“signal authentication test.” It determines whether a

genuine GPS signal is being used to form the supplicant’s

position report.

◾ The supplicant is actually at the position coordinates that

they say they are. We call this the “position authentication

test.” It determines whether or not falsi¿cation of the

position report is being attempted.

Next, the supplicant was moved to point B. However,

in this instance, the supplicant reports that it is still located

at point A. That is, it makes a false position report. This is

repeated for the remaining positions (C through E) where

at each point the supplicant reports that it is located at point

A. That is, the supplicant continues to make false position

reports.

In this experiment, we have ¿ve common satellites

between the supplicant (at all of the test points A to E) and

▲ FIGURE 8 a) Block diagram of GPS position authenticator; (b) photo of constructed unit.

GPS antenna

LNA

Battery

Down-converter(DBSRX2)

A/D converter(USRP N210)

OCXO

Portable authenticator

Gigabit Ethernet Laptop(with SSD)

Channel 1 PRN: 7 Correlation Result (window: 40 milliseconds)

1.0

0.5

0

–0.5

–1.0

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

Offset time (microseconds)

10000

Time = 5117.280 microseconds

Channel 1 PRN: 7 Correlation Result (window: 40 milliseconds)

1.0

0.5

0

–0.5

–1.0

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

Offset time (microseconds)

10000

Time = 1126.110 microseconds

b)

b)

a)

a)

▲ FIGURE 9 Example of cross-correlation detection results: (a) without high-pass filter and (b) with high-pass filter.



the authenticator. The results of the

experiment are summarized in TABLE 1.

If we can detect a strong peak for every

common satellite, we say this point

passes the signal authentication test

(and note “Yes” in second column of

Table 1). That means the supplicant’s

raw IF signal has the watermark signal

from every common satellite. Next, we

perform the position authentication test.

This test tries to determine whether the

supplicant is at the position it claims to

be. If we determine that the position

of the supplicant is inconsistent with

its reported position, we say that the

supplicant has failed the position

authentication test. In this case we put a

“No” in the third column of Table 1. As

we can see from Table 1, the performance

of the authenticator is consistent with

the test setup. That is, even though the

wrong positions of points (B, C, D,

E) are reported, the authenticator can

detect the inconsistency between the

reported position and the raw IF data.

Furthermore, since the distance between

two adjacent points is 15 meters, this

implies that resolution of the position

authentication is at or better than 15

meters. While we have not tested it,

based on the timing resolution used

in the system, we believe resolutions

better than 12 meters are achievable.

ConclusionIn this article, we have described a GPS

position authentication system. The

authentication system has many potential

applications where high credibility of

a position report is required, such as

cargo and asset tracking. The system

detects a speci¿c watermark signal in

the broadcast GPS signal to judge if a

receiver is using the authentic GPS signal.

The differences between the watermark

signal travel times are constrained by

the positions of the GPS satellites and

the receiver. A method to calculate an

authentic position using this constraint is

discussed and is the basis for the position

authentication function of the system. A

hardware platform that accomplishes this

was developed using a software-de¿ned

radio. Experimental results demonstrate

that this authentication methodology

is sound and has a resolution of better

than 15 meters. This method can also be

used with other GNSS systems provided

that watermark signals can be found.

For example, in the Galileo system, the

encrypted Public Regulated Service

signal is a candidate for a watermark

signal.

In closing, we note that before

any system such as ours is ¿elded, its

performance with respect to metrics

such as false alarm rates (How often

do we Àag an authentic position

report as false?) and missed detection

probabilities (How often do we fail to

detect false position reports?) must be

quanti¿ed. Thus, more analysis and

experimental validation is required.

AcknowledgmentsThe authors acknowledge the United

States Department of Homeland Se-

curity (DHS) for supporting the work

reported in this article through the

National Center for Border Security

and Immigration under grant number

2008-ST-061-BS0002. However, any

opinions, ¿ndings, conclusions or rec-

ommendations in this article are those

of the authors and do not necessarily

reÀect views of the DHS. This article

is based on the paper “Performance

Analysis of a Civilian GPS Position

Authentication System” presented at

PLANS 2012, the Institute of Electri-

cal and Electronics Engineers / Insti-

tute of Navigation Position, Location

and Navigation Symposium held in

Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, April

23–26, 2012.

ManufacturersThe GPS position authenticator uses

an Ettus Research LLC (www.ettus.

com) model USRP N210 software-

de¿ned radio with a DBSRX2 RF

daughterboard.

ZhEfEng Li is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. His research interests include GPS signal processing, real-time implementation of signal processing algorithms, and the authentication methods for civilian GNSS systems.

DEmoZ gEBrE-EgZiABhEr is an associate professor in the Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. His research deals with the design of multi-sensor navigation and attitude determination systems for aerospace vehicles ranging from small unmanned aerial vehicles to Earth-orbiting satellites.

Further Readingfor references related to this article, go to gpsworld.com and click on Innovation in the navigation bar.

MORE ONLINE

Location Pass Signal Authentication?

Pass Position Authentication?

A Yes Yes

B Yes No

C Yes No

D Yes No

E Yes No

▲ TABLE 1 Five-point position authentication results.

▲ figUrE 10 Five-point field test. Image courtesy of Google.


ProfeSSional oem e-neWSletter

Whatever happed to Allen Osborne

Associates (AOA)? As a 1994

report (seeking a receiver for a “GPS

Sounder” task) stated, “Signal-to-noise

ratio tests of three high-performance

GPS receivers in severe multipath

conditions clearly show the Alllen

Osborne Associates TurboRogue SNR-

8000 is superior in locking and tracking

C/A, P1 and P2 codes at very low

receiver-to-satellite elevation angles.”

The advanced features of the

TurboRogue may well have been

key in AOA receivers being used for

a large number of ground reference

applications, including Monitor Station

Receivers for the U.S. Air Force GPS

Operational Control Segment (OCS).

AOA was acquired in 2004, and the

GPS group now resides and thrives

within the Communication Systems

Division of ITT Exelis Corporation

(ITT). Those AOA products and

technology have contributed to the ITT

military GPS receiver group becoming a

leading SAASM receiver supplier.

Exelis also has a Geospatial Systems

group, home to the GPS Payload,

Receiver and Control Systems group,

currently developing the ground

reference receiver as part of Raytheon’s

team for the next-generation GPS

Operational Control Segment (OCX).

Geospatial Systems has also been

continuously involved in the supply of

GPS payloads on every GPS satellite

launched and has accumulated more

than 500 years of on-orbit payload

life. Geospatial Systems is also part

of the Lockheed Martin team that is

developing and building the satellite

payloads for tomorrow’s GPS III

space segment. ITT is developing and

integrating the navigation payloads for

eight GPS IIIA satellites.

Today ITT boasts that it is the only

GPS systems developer to have been

a key contributor to all three GPS

program segments (space, OCS, and

user) with both legacy and modernized

equipment.

The receiver guys in Van Nuys have

fielded a series of SAASM-based

receivers over the years, beginning

with the EGR-1020, which has gone

into a large number of Single Channel

Ground and Airborne Radio Systems.

SINCGARS is a combat net radio

currently used by U.S. and allied

military forces, adding position and

GPS time-sync to each radio terminal.

The handheld control display allows

each radio operator to see the location in

real-time of all SINCGARS-equipped

friendly-force groups, providing active

situational awareness on the battlefield.

The next generation EGR-2000

Small Serial Interface (SSI) SAASM

receiver has been integrated into

“an in-country GPS designed and

manufactured system of a U.S.

International Ally,” and can be found in

terminals, radios, and handhelds.

This brings us to the current ITT

receiver product, known as the EGR-

2500. Integration and miniaturization

have reduced the EGR-2500 to half the

size of the SSI receiver. With the same

capability to track through reduced

signal levels and producing high-

precision carrier phase and pseudorange,

its not surprising that the EGR-2500 has

found new OEM applications.

Both Geodetics and Technology

Advancement Group (TAG) have

worked with ITT to integrate the EGR-

2500 into their products to achieve

centimeter-level RTK positioning. The

EGR provides high-quality, variable

rate observations at up to 10 Hz for up

to 24 different satellite signals, enabling

Geodetics and TAG to offer anti-

spoofing RTK performance. With the

addition of external inertial aiding, the

EGR can also maintain a high-quality

RTK solution under high dynamics.

But the SAASM receiver world is

becoming even more competitive, and

ITT is developing yet another generation

of receiver, further improving power

consumption and performance. A pair

of ARM 9 processors has been added,

along with circuitry that is software-

controlled to reduce power to blocks

not being used, so the next EGR will

have reduced size, weight, and cost and

is targeted to consume 500 milliwatts

in low-power mode. The enhanced

correlator array design will dramatically

reduce time-to-first fix, and with today’s

operational environment in mind, an

added front-end filter reduces the effects

of interference and jamming.

Excerpted. Read more at

gpsworld.com/category/opinions.

An Evolving SAASM Receiver StoryTony Murfin

CoPyriGht 2013 north CoaSt media, llC. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical including by photocopy, recording, or information storage and retrieval without permission in writing from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients is granted by North Coast Media, LLC for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Dr, Danvers, MA 01923, phone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470. Call for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law.

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▲ ARMy SINCGARS has Exelis EGR-1020 inside.

Tony Murfin’s monthly Professional OEM

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