GPRS Demystified

John Hoffman, Editor

GIFT OF

THE ASIA FOUNDATION

NOT FOR RE-SALE

OAi HOC QK-'f^C TPJNG • •

A00/5Ui MctJraw-Hill

NevYork Chici«o S«nKr«rK.«.. ';'»'«' Undon Madnd Mexico C.l> M.Un ^'-^^ San Juan Seoul Hinj<«port Sydney Tofwito

A WA N ^ T»f

CONTENTS

Preface xru

PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO GSM NETWORKING You May Know GSM. but Do You Ki^ow How It Came About

and Where It Is Cxoing? (...and Should You Care''* S How GSM Grew S The GPRS Mission t

Chapter 1 Global Domination of GSM 11 Seducing the Consumer ^* Standing the Test of Time ^^

Chapter 2 Roaming Across Borders " What on Ear th Did We Do before GSM?

In the Beginning... First-Generation Celhilar One Giant Leap to CJSM

Roaming and Roaming Agn-ementH GSM Phase 2 KnhancementH A Global Success

Chapter 3 Short Message Service and ^ GSM Circuit-Switched Data ^ What Is It and How Does U Work/ ^ TheSMSC^ W Mcsnage Structure 30

Keymg Input 30 What Is It (loml For* 31 (^urrenl Applicalaiii Tn-iidH S3 High Speed Circuit Switched Data TerminaU and ApplicHlionii

PART 2 A PERSPECrrVE ON GPRS ADOPTION ' ^ AROUND THE WORLD

but Al l Wn i t4 i i H I T © HO Hiey nii

20 *il 22 23 23 24 2«

3A

VI I

4 !

C h a p t e r 5 Market P o t m o m n g

Wha A . ^ A RifanwM PaUowthr Ncfv. « 1 M T«t tw * H h W K M *

B r t P ^ PlilTHIfAni Thr WaOatf Qar te i , V th« 1 Ma4« O i h a r M i i i h

Rauul. Vm«cai v«f«H MBodUaw

CompKinff T«<hnok«iaa

Pnaof

C h a p t e r 6 T h e Enterpr ise Business M o d H 4 7

Prcidurt OflFwina • l i o U i e l i itraD«(/Dt4M&««i A> N • I P V P N • Hoatad Entcrpna* PortAk ^

^-—— s n ?3 U

Sontra' *

Pm*i»otw?n

•a

Pnidi»ct < f**" ' *"• • !

t W F t v aJ ftC^^ f^haaaia afv OP^"- * — ^^ . . <^^w* M

C h a p t e r 7 GPRS m t ^ r Mats fcUr^et

Contents

Chapter 8 Portals Wireless Portals Fixed-Wireless Portals

Club Nokia Service Providers

ISPs and MNOs

Lj 85 86

88 89 90

ASPs and WASPs 9Q WAIPs 91

Content 92 Conclusion 93

PART 3 GPRS FOR DUMMIES LIKE ME (AND MAYBE YOU)

The Business Proposition 96 Real-World Economics 96 Why It's Ultimately Worth Doing 97 Where to Begin ^ Packets over Wireless ^ Evolution of Security J ^ Conclusion

Chapter 9 Cool High-Speed Data Sen ices 103 GPRS Data Services ^^g GPRS Infrastructure and Components ^^^

All New: Ser.-ing GPRS Support Node (SG^N^ All New: Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) ^^^ True Confessions

""^'^Tie Insomniacs Gmde to GPRS Speafications ^2^

Chapter 10 Planning and Dimensioning Frequency - d ^o^-, ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ " c ? p a T 4 D - ^ e t L n g for the A.r Interface

Sec"pacity-on-Demand Concept ,n

Case 1 J23 Case 2 224 gr 'e 'Jetwork Dimensioning 125

GPRS Network Optimisation GSM Network Optimization

VIII

V, . ^

ChMptrf 11 lmpiamvrtt4tK>ci and Trstirvq | ^

l »

Or> UM»» N««««rii •QBH)

0Q8N W

T\» 008H Mnjcr Inuwfi Saruntv IP

OPUS QPie IP lUckbon* <ror»'

I NHwvvk

lnt«T>H and 0»rTwr«t» U\N l SivunlN

Bilhnc Sy«t*w C'onnrctwa j

I S

Ml : 0

InaUlUtaon and Acceptance I«KHV J ^ S^yalMiOiptuMMUw ^^^

Crwptrf l2 IP Addrf'ssJog

In ihr Br«">""**

1 * '

i;pRS SHWMA tallr*»^««" .^

Contents JX g

The Terminal Addressing Problem 154 Dialup Internet Access 165 Usage Pattern of IP Addresses by GPRS 165 Number of IP Addresses for Terminals 166

Tackling the Terminals Addressing Problem 167 Summar\* of Grouped GPRS Users and Applications 167 Direct Corporate LAN Access 169 Internet Access—WAP Only IGB Internet Access—WAP and Popular NAT-compatible

Applications 169 Internet Access—Open Internet Access 170 Internet Access—Internet Service for Roamers 170

Addressing Policy [JJ Infrastructure Addressing 1 1 Mobile Terminal Addressing J71 Autonomous System Number (ASN) 172

Transition to 3G ^^^ Transition to IPv6 ^^^

Wl\en? J74 IPv6 Features and Benefits ^^^ Impact on Terminals j^g Dual Stacking 177 Tunneling and Interworkmg ^^g AppHcation-specific Inten^'orklng ^^^ Roaming Considerations 179 Core Infrastructure 180 Summary 180

References ^g j 182

Services JJJ Functionahty | ^ Structure Value ] 89

190

The Algonthms ,03

Network Security

Chapter 13 Access Point Names

C h a p t e r s ^PRS Security r^ :*„ Fontiires ot Ktt nr»

The Internet ViruBM and Trojanfi **^ G m m d Security ( on«id«nitkiM ^ ^ Fraud I M U M ^^ A Final Word ! ?

PART 4 ITS THE APPLICATION, STUPID 1]

Chapter 15 WAP and Lessons Learned 207 WAP Forum

Objectives General Arrhitectuiv jB9

Protocols 210 WAE Layer iWireleM Application Envinjnmenn J|1 WSP I^yer t Wirelem SeMion Protocol • m WTP I-ayer < WireleM Transaction Protocol t 212 \ \TLS I^ver (WireleM Tranpport Secunty Layer 21i \\T>F Layer < Wireless Datagram Protocol ^ 212

Interfaoea 212 How to Access WAP Services with a Handnet 212

Suooeas Factors 214 Customer Demand-Market Demand 214 Ease of Use 214 Connection Time and Bandundth 215 Improved Standardization 21a Will GPRS Renew WAP? ^**

Chapter 16 M-Service$ ^ ' Whv M-SfTNict's ' What IS M-Serv-ice^ I'hase P ^ J Usabilitv . . I

WMI. 2XHTML Browser ^ WML Ext<*nMons g i Human Machine Interface HMI ^jj Confijfuration and Pnmaioninir 'OTA ^ M-8arvic« Key g i Maplay m

AddiUonaJ WAP RwiuirrmrnU fj^ «M

W S P i m r P GET in WAPl 2 0 i

Dv»nkMdOl9M4D-AM<

Contents

Java Messaging

Multimedia Messaging ^MMS) Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS) Long Message Email

M-Services: What Impact on the Market? M-Services Phase 11 Requirements Future

Chapter 17 M-Commerce Expanding Commerce through M-Commerce

It All Started with "Micro" Here, There, and Everywhere It May Be Even More Fun if You Can't Touch It

The "Musts" of M-Commerce The Role of the Mobile Operator How Does the M-Commerce Loop Stay Live?

So How Does the Customer Pay? What Is Out There for Customers?

Can I Use My Mobile Phone to Shop while Abroad? A Few Last Words on M-Commerce: Variations on the

Theme of Roaming The Other Mysteries of M-Commerce And Finally...

Chapter 18 Applications in a GPRS Environment Applications in Phones—What's Already Here? Open Standards Hit the Accelerator Was WAP a Good Thing or Not? Can an Application Learn? Phone Meets Data. Is It True Love? GPRS Is the Foundation Parlay Opens Up the Voice Switch to Applications Where Do Applications Go from Here? Conclusion

Chapter 19 Interoperator Settlement Need and Demand Voice versus Data Requirements Transferred Account Procedure—TAP3 Wholesale and Retail Variants Outlook

225 225 226 226 226 227 227 228 228

231 233 233 234 235 235 237 237 238 239 241

242 243 244

245 247 249 250 252 252 254 255 257 258

259 260 262 267 268 270

Contents

Chapter 20 GRPS Roaming exchange 271 The Problem 279 What Is -GRX"^ 27^ Op«>rator's IVmands 971! Basic GRX Serxnce Charactenstica 276

Bandwidth 276 Quality 276 Security 27** Connectivity j7», L^iquity 279 Scalability 279 Flexibility 279

Additional Sen icea 2M*>

Domain Name System (DNS) J * M I

IP Addressing and AS Numbering 2>*<^ ISP Hosting Internet Access 2wl Counting/Charging/Clearing Housing 281 Signaling Access 281 Roaming Activation ^-^ Roaming Tests '^'^

Security * ^ Site Security ^ ^ Safeguarding Physical Access to the Network 284

Network Failure ^ ^ Line Tapping ^

Riaks to GRX Network Function f^ Securing the PLMN Against Attack Peering: GRX-to-GRX Ser\ice Level Agreements (SLAs)

Information Billing. Invoicing, and Remuneration Equipment I Q | DefaultLiability ^91 Availability jgU Quality of Serv-ice (QoS) ^g^ Secunty I99 Ser\nce SLBIUH Information.Fault Manaiiemenl ^

Domain Name Ser\er ^DNSi ^^ Evolution to 3G fgS Referencaa ^ ^ ^

Chapter 21 Location-Based Services ^ Location Bailed AppiKaUooa J02 CnUcal Factor* for '

286 289 290 290 291 391

Contents j . : -

Technology Options Customer Privacy and Security Regulatory Issues

303 306 307

European Union OQQ

PART 5 UNLESS YOU CAN MAKE A GPRS TOASTER, YOU NEED A NEW GPRS TERMINAL DEVICE

Chapter 22 Types of Devices and How They Grow 317 Product Trends and Market Segments 319

GPRS "Regular Phone" Devices 320 Data Cards 321 Card Phones 321 Smart Phones 322 Multimedia Devices 324 Black Boxes and Embedded Devices 324 WLAN and Bluetooth ^^5 Handheld Computers ^

Is the Road to Success Paved Yet? ^ ^ ^ ^ - . , t.^ What the Customer Can Expect from the GPRS Termmal 328 Conclusion ^30 References

Chapter 23 GPRS Devices GPRS Classes 332

Class A 334 Class B 335 Class C 336

Multislot Classes 337 APN and QoS 338 Chip Sets , , 339 When GPRS Becomes Widespread 339 External and Internal Apphcations 34O External Connections... 341

Protocols... "and Additional Software

Voice-evolved GPRS Devices n«tfl-evolved GPRS Devices DaU-evoiveu _rQpRS with Java

331 332

342 343 344 345 346 347

I X I V _ Contents

Chapter 24 Environmental Issues 349 Specific Absorption Rate OCQ Assessment of SAR Compliance 352 GPRS Compliance Issues 354 RF Safety Compliance of GPRS Base Stations 355 Interference by GPRS Handsets 356 Other Issues (Surface Temperatures, Energy Efficiency, etc.) 358 Recycling of Non-GPRS Handsets and Sustainable Design 360 Environmental Conclusions 3 ^

PART 6 TOMORROW: JUST LIKE YESTERDAY WITH A BYTE OF THE UNKNOWN?

Chapter 25 Testing and Approvals 367

Regulatory Testing 3W PTCRB 370

Voluntary Testing 370 Self-declaration 371 Field Trials 371 Interoperability Testing 372 TTE Directive ^ ' * R&TTE Directive ^^^ Network Operators' Response Regional and National Approval Certification by Notified Bodies Strategies for Manufacturers

Chapter 26 Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution "^

380 What Is EDGE? 381 EDGE Technology 382 Spectrum 383 EDGE Performance 384 Compatibility 385 Evolution 386 Summary ^gy

Chapter 27 GPRS Evolution 3 ^

Standards ^ ^ Radio Access .^^ Mobile Core Infrastructure ^ Services 401 Compatibility RiHk FacUirs

375 376 378 378

Contents u^ Chapter 28 AIMP Networks 403

What Is an -All-IP Network*^ 405 So What Is an All-IP Network? 407 Circuit-S^-itched Networks for Telecommunications 4Q7 Drivers for All-IP Networking in Wireless 412 So WTiat About Convergence*^ 413 Advantages of an All-IP Network 415 Disadvantages of an All-IP Network 416 The Evolutionary- Path to an All-IP Network—and Be>'ond 418 A Simple Network Model Proposed 420 Conclusion ^ ^

Appendix Acronyms and Abbreviations 425

433 Contributors

Index 443