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Transcript of GPCRs eBook
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GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors) are the largest protein family linked to many normal biological as well as pathological conditions. Also known as seven transmembrane (7TM) receptors, the function of GPCRs is highly diverse recognizing a wide range of ligands, including photons, small molecules, and proteins.
Molecular Devices offers a variety of assay and instrument solutions to support studies of GPCR function including assay kits, microplate readers, washers, and handlers as well as cellular screening, and imaging systems.
For more information, visit:www.MolecularDevices.com/GPCRs
Study GPCRs Like a Pro
Study GPCRs Like a Pro eBook ContentsCalcium flux assays ...............................................................2
Ratiometric calcium assay ..................................................3
Detection and quantitation of cAMP/cGMP .................4
GPCR targets in a high content screening environment ............................................................................5
Photina luminescent calcium mobilization assays .....6
Cryopreserved Bacmam Transduced Aequorin Cells ..7
Live cell Gi- and Gs-coupled GPCR second messenger signaling ..............................................................8
GPCRs systems and reagents .............................................9
www.moleculardevices.comwww.moleculardevices.com/GPCRs
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Ca2+Ca2+
Ca2+
Ca2+
Ca2+
Ca2+
Ca2+sensitive
dye
bufferligand binds to
cell-surface receptor
ligand
Signicantly reduceuorescence background
with one-step protocol
Quench-free option for sensitive
targets and multiplexing
Calcium 6 Calcium 6-QF
Increase in cytosolic Ca2+ can be detected by FLIPR or FlexStation Microplate Readers using calcium-sensitive dye indicators
receptor
Ca2+sensitive dye
maskingdye
Active Gq
2www.MolecularDevices.com/GPCRs
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 10
1
2
3
4
5Calcium 6Calcium 6-QFCalcium 5Fluo-4 Direct
4 M Fluo-4W
Ca 6 Ca6-QF Ca 5 Fluo-4 Direct 4 uM Fluo-4WEC50 (nM) 16 17 23 20 21Z @ EC80 0.88 0.84 0.89 0.84 0.71Signal window 4 4.2 2.7 2.3 1.4
Log [carbachol] M
F/
F (m
ax-m
in)
Calcium flux assays FLIPR Calcium Assay Kits apply a unique masking technology to reduce the background fluorescence for detecting intracellular calcium changes in a simple and reliable homogeneous assay format. They deliver pre-optimized, homogeneous, fluorescence-based formulations to expedite assay development and screening of GPCR and ion channel targets.
The kits are validated on the FLIPR Tetra High Throughput Cellular Screening System and the FlexStation 3 Multi-Mode Microplate Reader.
Download Collateral CalciumAssayKits
EnhanceYourCalciumScreens
CalciumSignaling
Comparison of FLIPR Calcium 6 Assay Kits to other calcium indicators was measured using agonism of the muscarinic receptor on CHO M1WT3 cells from ATCC. Plates were read on either the FLIPR Tetra System or the FlexStation 3 Microplate Reader.
No wash protocol reduces well-to-well variability, improving assay quality (Z-factor) and reliability (CV %) of high-throughput screens
Universal mix-and-read protocol accelerates assay workflow and increases throughput
Superior signal-to-noise ratio facilitates confirmation of endogenous or transiently transfected receptor activity during assay development
Pre-optimized and validated protocols ensure you can navigate both routine and unconventional cell lines and targets
Assay ready 1321N1 frozen cells, expressing endogenous Histamine 1 receptor were assayed on the FlexStation 3 Microplate Reader. Comparison of histamine receptor response to increasing concentrations of histamine demonstrates that the FLIPR Calcium 6 Assay Kit gives the highest signal window.
FLIPR Calcium 6 Assay Kits provide the largest assay window
Log [histamine] M
Base
line
(%)
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100100
200
300
400
500
4-P Fit: y = (A - D)/( 1 + (x/C)^B ) + D: A B C D R^2
Plot#1 (Competitor: Concentration vs MeanValue) 99.9 1.92 0.629 291 0.997
Plot#2 (Ca5 Histamine: Concentration vs MeanValue) 101 1.48 0.647 321 0.999
Plot#3 (Ca6 Histamine: Concentration vs MeanValue) 104 1.57 2.09 531 1
Plot#4 (Ca6QF Histamine: Concentration vs MeanV... 99 1.46 1.58 389 0.999
Weighting: Fixed
Ca6 Ca6-QF Ca5 Fluo-4 Direct
EC50 (M) 2.1 1.6 0.65 0.63
Signal window 5.2 4 3.2 3
Calcium 6
Calcium 6-QF
Calcium 5
Fluo-4 Direct
Assay ready 1321N1 frozen cells
Increase in cytosolic Ca2+ can be detected by FLIPR or FlexStationMicroplate Readers using calcium-sensitive dye indicators
Calcium 6
Calcium 6-QF
Calcium 5
Fluo-4 Direct
4 M Fluo-4W
Log [carbachol] M
F/
F (m
ax-m
in)
Calcium 6
Calcium 6-QF
Calcium 5
Fluo-4 Direct
Log [histamine] M
Base
line
(%)
Novel fluorophore is more resistant to organic anion exchange protein, such as probenecid (PBX), enabling FLIPR Calcium 6 Assay Kit to produce a stronger signal in the absence of probenecid, while conserving EC50 values and Z-factors at EC80 > 0.5. CHO-M1 cells pictured.
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Calcium 6 Kit PBX
Calcium 5 Kit PBX
Calcium 6 Kit no PBX
Calcium 5 Kit no PBX
Ca6+PBX Ca6 (no PBX) Ca5+PBX Ca5 (no PBX)
EC 50 (nM) 13 39 14 ND
Z @ EC 80 0.9 0.86 0.92 ND
CHO-M1 cells in media: probenecid comparison
Log [carbachol] M
F/
F (m
ax-m
in)
Anion exchange protein resistance
Calcium 6 Kit PBXCalcium 6 Kit no PBXCalcium 5 Kit PBXCalcium 5 Kit no PBX
Log [carbachol] M
F/
F (m
ax-m
in)
www.moleculardevices.com/GPCRshttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/flipr-calcium-assay-kitshttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-075a/1/-/-/-/-/Data%20Sheet--Calcium%20Assay%20Kits.pdfhttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-05c4/1/-/-/-/-/App%20Highlight--Enhance%20your%20calcium%20screens%20with%20FLIPR%20Calcium%206%20Assay%20Kits.pdfhttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-0bc0/1/-/-/-/-/APP%20HIGHLIGHT--Calcium%20signaling%20with%20FLIPR%20Calcium%206%20and%206-QF%20Kits%20on%20the%20FlexStation%203%20Reader.pdf
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3www.MolecularDevices.com/GPCRs
Ratiometric calcium assay The Fura-2 QBT Calcium Kit is a simple, mix-and-read format that employs our proprietary masking technology with the industry-standard Fura-2 ratiometric calcium indicator to accurately measure Gq-coupled GPCR mediated calcium mobilization. The kit eliminates the cause of data variability and reduces the number of steps compared to conventional wash protocols using Fura-2.
The kit is validated on the FLIPR Tetra High Throughput Cellular Screening System and the FlexStation 3 Multi-Mode Microplate Reader.
Download Collateral CalciumAssayKits
HomogenousFura-2CalciumAssay
MeasuringCalciumFluxAssays
See largest Fura-2 signal window available
Eliminate wash artifacts and increase throughput with a homogeneous assay
Minimize the impact of uneven dye loading and leakage on results
Interrogate low-density, weakly or non-adherent cells using a no-wash protocol
Atropine Fura-2 QBT BD Kit Fura-2 Wash
IC50 (nM) 2.4 2.2 3.3
Z @ IC80 0.81 0.53 0.66
Window 1.2 0.75 0.72
Carbachol Fura-2 QBT BD Kit Fura-2 Wash
EC50 (nM) 13 17 19
Z @ EC80 0.7 0.5 0.38
Window 1.1 0.85 0.7
Antagonism of the muscarinic M1receptor on CHO M1 cells
Agonism of the muscarinic M1receptor on CHO M1 cells
340/
380
nm r
atio
(m
ax.-
min
.)
340/
380
nm r
atio
(m
ax.-
min
.)
Log [atropine] MLog [carbachol] M-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
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1.4
Fura-2 QBT
BD Kit
Fura-2 Wash
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 10.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4Fura-2 QBT
BD Kit
Fura-2 Wash
Antagonism of endogenous H1receptor on HeLa cells
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 20.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Fura-2 QBT
BD Kit
Fura-2 Wash
Pyrilamine Fura-2 QBT BD Kit Fura-2 WashIC50 (nM) 4.7 2.7 1.3
Z @ IC80 0.8 0.49 0.33
Window 1.1 0.52 0.37
Log [pyrilamine] M
340/
380
nm r
atio
(m
ax.-
min
.)
340/
380
nm r
atio
(m
ax.-
min
.)
Agonism of endogenous H1 receptor on HeLa cells
Histamine Fura-2 QBT BD Kit Fura-2 WashEC50 (M) 0.2 0.09 0.3
Z @ EC80 0.72 0.54 0.69
Window 0.77 0.29 0.44
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0Fura-2 QBT
BD Kit
Fura-2 Wash
Log [Histamine] M
The Fura-2 QBT Calcium Kit further enhances the assay by providing a larger signal window, robust Z-factors at EC80 or IC50, and removing assay variability by removing wash steps. The assay was measured using the FLIPR Tetra Instrument with UV LEDs.
Agonism of the muscarinic M1 receptor on CHO M1 cells
Antagonism of the muscarinic M1 receptor on CHO M1 cells
Agonism of endogenous H1 receptor on HeLa cells
Antagonism of endogenous H1 receptor on HeLa cells
The Fura-2 QBT Calcium Kit provides the largest signal window and most robust Z-factors at EC80 or IC50 on the FlexStation 3 Microplate Reader.
www.moleculardevices.com/GPCRshttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/fura-2-qbt-calcium-kithttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-0832/1/-/-/-/-/Poster--Fura-2%20QBT%20ratiometric%20calcium%20kit_ELRIG.pdfhttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-075a/1/-/-/-/-/Data%20Sheet--Calcium%20Assay%20Kits.pdfhttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-074a/1/-/-/-/-/App%20Highlight--Fura-2%20QBT%20Calcium%20Kit%3A%20A%20new%20homogenous%20Fura-2%20calcium%20assay.pdf
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4www.MolecularDevices.com/GPCRs
DetectionandquantitationofcAMP/cGMPThe CatchPoint cAMP and cGMP Fluorescent Assay Kits measure cAMP and cGMP levels, and adenylate cyclase activity via a competitive immunoassay format. The kits high-affinity reagents are optimized for sensitivity and precision in applications where cAMP and cGMP levels are low. A single wash step removes unbound material prior to the development step, so the assays are very resistant to interference from colored or fluorescent test compounds.
The kits are validated on the FlexStation 3, SpectraMax i3, SpectraMax Paradigm and SpectraMax M Series Microplate Readers.
Download Collateral CatchPointcAMPKit
CatchPointcGMPKit
CatchPoint cAMP and cGMP assay principle
The calibration curve for the CatchPoint cAMP Assay Kit was generated on the SpectraMax i3 Multi-Mode Microplate Reader. Data were taken 2 hours after addition of Stoplight Red substrate. The EC50 of the cAMP calibration curve was 2.0 nM.
cAMP calibration curve
The calibration curve for the CatchPoint cGMP Assay Kit was generated on the SpectraMax i3 Multi-Mode Microplate Reader. Data were taken 2 hours after addition of Stoplight Red substrate. The EC50 of the cGMP calibration curve was 3.3 nM.
cGMP calibration curve
Sensitive detection limit0.1 nM for cAMP kit and 0.2 nM for cGMP kit
Single wash step protocolresistant to interference from colored or fluorescent test compounds, improving reliability of results
Rapid Signal Developmentproprietary Stoplight Red substrate generates a stable and precise readout in only 10 minutes
No Termination StepStoplight Red substrate is fast and stable with a read window out to 24 hours, providing flexible read times without sacrificing data quality
HRP HRP HRP HRP
No cAMP or cGMP maximum HRP activity
Increasing cAMP or cGMP decreasing HRP activity
www.moleculardevices.com/GPCRshttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/catchpoint-camp-fluorescent-assay-kithttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-0171/1/-/-/-/-/Data%20Sheet--CatchPoint%20Cyclic-AMP%20Fluorescent%20Assay%20Kit.pdfhttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-09e3/1/-/-/-/-/Data%20Sheet--CatchPoint%20Cyclic-GMP%20Fluorescent%20Assay%20Kit.pdf
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5www.MolecularDevices.com/GPCRs
GPCRtargetsinahighcontentscreeningenvironment The Transfluor Assay is a cell-based fluorescence assay used to screen G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), ligands, and other potential drugs that regulate GPCRs. By attaching a fluorescent label to beta-arrestin, the location of the receptor-arrestin complex can be monitored. Since desensitization only occurs with an activated receptor, monitoring beta-arrestin translocation and subsequent receptor recycling provides a method to detect the activation of any GPCR. This patented technology provides a powerful functional assay for detecting a compounds activity against known and/or orphan GPCR targets. The Transfluor Assay is optimized for HCS, secondary screening, and lead optimization.
The assay is validated on the ImageXpress Micro and ImageXpress Ultra High-Content Analysis Systems.
Download Collateral TransfluorTechnology
LiveCellKineticsAssayUtilizingtheImageXpressMicroSystem
Works with all GPCRsknown and orphan
Single read out for all GPCRs
No GPCR labeling or tagging
Requires no prior knowledge of interacting G-protein
Eliminates the need for multiple GPCR assays
Ideal for high content screening (HCS) analysis
Validated in over 100 GPCRs (from all classes)
Agonist-independent assay used to verify the translocation of arrestin-GFP in orphan GPCRs.
Orphan GPCR Assay
2AR-expressing cells
Transfluor Assay principle
2AR-expressing cells were stimulated with isoproterenol. Left: control, center: pits, right: vesicles. Transfluor assay imaged with the ImageXpress system.
The Transfluor Assay utilizes the redistribution of beta-arrestin-GFP to monitor GPCR activation and inactivation.
www.moleculardevices.com/GPCRshttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/catchpoint-cgmp-fluorescent-assay-kithttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-0176/1/-/-/-/-/Data%20Sheet--Transfluor%20Technology.pdfhttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-0d1b/1/-/-/-/-/App%20Protocol--Live%20cell%20kinetics%20assay%20utilizing%20the%20ImageXpress%20Micro%20System.pdf
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6www.MolecularDevices.com/GPCRs
PhotinaluminescentcalciummobilizationassaysCalcium-activated photoproteins are important tools for detecting receptor-mediated signaling events involving calcium mobilization in mammalian cells. One major advantage of photoproteins is the immediate emission of flash luminescence upon calcium binding to the coelenterazine-photoprotein complex. The background signal of Photina measurements is close to zero, resulting in high signal-to-background ratios. Furthermore, the luminescent light emitted by the oxidation of coelenterazine does not depend on optical excitation, eliminating issues with auto-fluorescence.
This study provides a basic protocol for performing an adherent Photina assay using the FlexStation 3 Multi-Mode Microplate Reader and FLIPR Tetra High Throughput Cellular Screening System with ICCD camera. Both instruments were used to determine the concentration response of IMETIT in CHO mito-Photina/H3 cells at various cell concentrations.
DownloadApplicationNote
FLIPRTetraSystem
Flexible HTS/uHTS solution for early identification of lead compounds in the drug discovery process
Available with an aequorin option including a novel ICCD camera technology optimized for use with both fluorescent and luminescent assays
Cell suspension system makes it amenable to both adherent and suspension cell-based assays in 96-, 384- and 1536-well formats
FlexStation3Reader
Permits real-time measurement of fluorescent & luminescent cell-based assays in 96- or 384-well formats
Up to one column of the plate can be monitored simultaneously before, during, and after compound addition
Disposable pipette tips reduces cross-contamination, saving precious reagents
IMETIT Concentration (uM)
RLU
(Max
. - M
in.)
1e-5 1e-4 0.001 0.01 0.1 10
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000CHO-H3 Photina Cell Titration
Agonist response measured with FLIPR Tetra System with ICCD camera option
Agonist response measured with FlexStation 3 System
CHO mito-Photina/H3 cell assay. (5000 ( ), 2500 ( ), 1250 ( ), and 625 ( ) cells/well). FLIPR Tetra System with ICCD camera option added agonist during luminescent read mode. Results are the average of approximately 32 replicates.
IMETIT Concentration (M)
RLU
(Max
.-Min
.)
1e-5 1e-4 0.001 0.01 0.1 10
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000CHO-H3 Photina Cell Titration
CHO mito-Photina/H3 cells were plated at varying cell concentrations (5000 ( ), 2500 ( ), 1250 ( ), and 625 ( ) cells/well) in 384-well, black-wall, clear-bottom plates. The FlexStation 3 System added agonist during real-time luminescent detection. Results are the average of approximately 16 replicates.
www.moleculardevices.com/GPCRshttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-0cd3/1/-/-/-/-/Comparison%20of%20Photina%20Luminescent%20Calcium%20Mobilizations%20Assays%20on%20both%20the%20FlexStation%203%20and%20FLIPR%20TETRA%20Systems.pdf
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7www.MolecularDevices.com/GPCRs
CryopreservedBacmamTransducedAequorinCellsAequorin is a photo-sensitive protein that emits luminescent light in response to calcium. Cryopreserved cells as reagents in Aequorin based calcium flux assays decouples the tissue culture process from high throughput screening while improving overall assay performance. The need for culturing cells in plates is eliminated.
This study demonstrates performance of cryopreserved Bacmam transduced Aequorin cells in 384- well and 1536-well formats. Combined with the FLIPR Tetra High Throughput Cellular Screening System equipped with Aequorin options, cryopreserved cells are a powerful tool in the identification of lead compounds in drug discovery.
Download Poster
Cryopreserved Bacmam transduced Aequorin cell lines can be used to produce robust assay results in both 384-well and 1536-well formats on the FLIPR Tetra System with Aequorin options
Aequorin-based suspension assays with frozen cells demonstrate both instrument and cell performance during extended assays without significant shift in EC50 or Z factor
The EC50 values remain within one half log of expected results and there is little reduction in signal intensity over time
In a 384-well plate, frozen Bacmam Transduced Aequorin Cells were titrated against a CRC of target agonist. In this assay, cells were pre-plated in suspension prior to addition of compound.
Z factor over time during Bacmam Aequorin Suspension Cell Assays
Cell Titration and CRC Assay measured with FLIPR Tetra System
Recording of whole plate Z factor during extended plate screening assays. 384-well plates contained 22 columns of EC80 reference compound and 2 columns of negative controls. Average Z factor = 0.7.
Change in RLU over time during six hour 384-well suspension cell experiment. Cells were added at 2,500/well.
Change in signal over time during Bacmam Aequorin Suspension Cell Assays
RLU
(max
-min
)
Z F
acto
r
[Agonist] nM Time (min)
Time (min)
RLU
(AUC
)
www.moleculardevices.com/GPCRshttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-0db2/1/-/-/-/-/Evaluation%20of%20Cryopreserved%20Bacmam%20Transduced%20Aequorin%20Cells%20in%20384-%20and%201536-well%20Suspension%20Cell%20Assays%20Using%20the%20Aequorin%20Option%20for%20the%20FLIPR%20Tetra%20System.pdf
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8www.MolecularDevices.com/GPCRs
Live cell Gi-andGs-coupledGPCRsecondmessengersignalingDetection of Gi- and Gs-coupled GPCR second messenger signal activity has been traditionally accomplished using assays such as radioactive binding or endpoint cAMP assays that require cell lysis. Such assays measure activity at a single time point in the cellular response and do not provide kinetic information. Another option utilizes forced-coupling of Gi- and Gs-GPCRs to G16 followed by fluorescence detection of calcium flux upon agonist receptor activation. Again, this assay is sub-optimal as it does not signal through the biorelevant cAMP pathway.
In this study we demonstrate endogenous receptor activity in CHO-K1 and HEK-293 cell lines stably expressing the GloSensor plasmid using the FLIPR Tetra High Throughput Cellular Screening System.
DownloadApplicationProtocol
GloSensor cAMP Assay is demonstrated on the FLIPR Tetra System as a live cell HTS screening application for Gi- and Gs- coupled GPCRs
Use of the FLIPR Tetra System with GloSensor cAMP Assay enables kinetic measurement of Gi- and Gs-coupled receptor signaling not possible using endpoint assays on standard plate readers
Assay development flexibility using GloSensor cAMP cell lines and plasmids transfected in endogenous as well as stably transfected receptor cell lines
Gi-coupled GPCR receptor agonism results in a reduction in signal correlated with reduction in cAMP inside the cell. Baseline increase in cAMP activity was induced by the addition of forskolin. Using stable P2Y receptor in CHO-K1 cells, we compared results upon addition of forskolin either before or after the agonist. 10 M forskolin addition followed 15 minutes later by addition of agonist Peptide YY(3-36) on the FLIPR Tetra System.
HEK-293 cells over expressing Gi-coupled D4 receptorGi-coupled agonsim
HEK-293 cells over expressing Gi-coupled dopamine D4 receptor from Multispan, Inc. were transiently transfectd with GloSensor cAMP-22F plasmid. Ligand was added on-line to the wells, followed by 5 minute incubation. Continuing the assay, FLIPR Tetra System added 10 M forskolin to stimulate cAMP production in the cell. Inhibition of forskolin mediated cAMP production by Dopamine.
Transient transfection of GloSensor cAMP-22F and endogenous Gs-coupled cAMP response in HEK 293 cells. (A) Response to isoproterenol and (B) inhibition of the response to 100 nM isoproterenol by propranolol. Results are comparable to those obtained from the experiment performed with the stable GloSensor HEK-22F cell line.
Gs-coupled GPCR agonist and antagonist
Log [Peptide YY(3-36)] M
25000
20000
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10000
5000
0
RLU
(max
-min
)
-12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6Log [Dopamine] M
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(Min
imum
)
-4 -2 0 2
RLU
(max
-min
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Log [Isoproterenol] M
RLU
(max
-min
)
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0-12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5
Log [Propranolol] M
A B
www.moleculardevices.com/GPCRshttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-0197/1/-/-/-/-/App%20Protocol--Live%20Cell%20GloSensor%20on%20FLIPR%20Tetra%20rev%20A.pdf
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FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR USE IN DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES. The trademarks used herein are the property of Molecular Devices, LLC or their respective owners. 2014 Molecular Devices, LLC | 10/14 Version 1 | Patents: www.moleculardevices.com/patents
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FLIPRTetraHighThroughputCellular ScreeningSystem
GPCRsSystemsandReagentsFordetailedinformation,selecttheimagesortext.
www.MolecularDevices.com/GPCRs 9
FlexStation3Multi-ModeMicroplateReader
Reagents
FLIPRCalciumAssayKits
Fura-2QBTCalciumKit
CatchPointcAMPFluorescentAssayKit
CatchPointcGMPFluorescentAssayKit
SpectraMaxi3Multi-ModeMicroplateReader
SpectraMaxParadigmMulti-ModeMicroplateReader
Reagents
CatchPointcAMPFluorescentAssayKit
CatchPointcGMPFluorescentAssayKit
SpectraMaxMSeriesMulti-ModeMicroplateReader
ImageXpressMicroXLSWidefieldHigh-Content
AnalysisSystem
ImageXpressUltraConfocalHigh-ContentAnalysisSystem
Reagent
TransfluorAssay
www.moleculardevices.com/GPCRswww.moleculardevices.comhttp://www.moleculardevices.com/systems/microplate-readers/multi-mode-readers/spectramax-i3-multi-mode-detection-platformhttp://www.moleculardevices.com/systems/microplate-readers/multi-mode-readers/spectramax-m-series-multi-mode-microplate-readershttp://www.moleculardevices.com/systems/microplate-readers/multi-mode-readers/spectramax-paradigm-multi-mode-microplate-readerhttp://www.moleculardevices.com/systems/microplate-readers/multi-mode-readers/flexstation-3-multi-mode-microplate-readerhttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/flipr-calcium-assay-kitshttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/fura-2-qbt-calcium-kithttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/catchpoint-camp-fluorescent-assay-kithttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/catchpoint-camp-fluorescent-assay-kithttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/catchpoint-cgmp-fluorescent-assay-kithttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/catchpoint-cgmp-fluorescent-assay-kithttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/transfluor-assayhttp://www.moleculardevices.com/systems/flipr-tetra-high-throughput-cellular-screening-systemhttp://www.moleculardevices.com/systems/high-content-imaging/imagexpress-ultra-confocal-high-content-analysis-systemhttp://www.moleculardevices.com/systems/high-content-imaging/imagexpress-micro-xls-widefield-high-content-analysis-system