GPA 2145-09

GPA Standard 2145-09

Adopted 1942Revised 1957,1962, 1966, 1971, 1975, 1977, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009

Reprinted 1997, 1998

Gas Processors Association6526 East 60th Street

Tulsa, Oklahoma 74145

Table of Physical Properties for Hydrocarbons and Other Compounds of Interest to the

Natural Gas Industry

FOREWORD

The Table of Physical Properties for Hydrocarbons and Other Components of Interest to the NaturalGas Industry, GPA Publication Standard 2145, provides the gas processing industry with a convenientcompilation of authoritative numerical values for the paraffin hydrocarbons and other compoundsoccurring in natural gas and natural gas liquids as well as for a few other compounds of interest to theindustry. The physical properties selected are those considered most valuable for engineering andanalytical computations in gas processing plants and laboratories. Most properties are based upon twoNIST Standard Reference Databases: the Web Thermo Tables, WTT, (NIST SRSD-3) and theReference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database, REFPROP, (NIST SRD-23). Thedata in this publication were checked, evaluated, and recalculated when necessary by Robert Chiricoand Eric Lemmon of the Physical and Chemical Properties Division of the Chemical Science andTechnology Laboratory at NIST in Boulder, Colorado. The listed flammability limits and octanenumbers were not evaluated at NIST and sources for these properties are provided in the references.

Some of the listed values result from other values in the tables by simple calculation. Numbers obtainedfrom such related data may differ from the tabulated values in the last digit because of numerical roundoff, but the differences are within the standard uncertainty of the data. The value of the gas constantused in the tables is 8.314472 J/(Kmol). Numerous values were updated from the previous edition ofGPA-2145 to provide full thermodynamic consistency between properties. This was accomplishedthrough consistent use of properties derived with the equations of state underlying the NIST REFPROPdatabase. Properties derived with these equations of state are inherently consistent. This publicationrepresents the first time for which thermodynamic consistency is assured for all properties listed in GPA-2145. Required enthalpies of combustion at 298.15 K were taken from the NIST Web Thermo Tables(WTT). These enthalpies of combustion are reprinted in the notes of this document. All adjustments ofthese values to the selected temperatures of GPA-2145 were completed using consistent thermophysicalproperty values from the NIST REFPROP program.

The values of the physical properties for the components in GPA 2145, as well as those for many morecompounds, appear in the GPSA Engineering Data Book. Property values for compounds listed here inGPA 2145-09 supersede those listed in the GPSA Engineering Data Book. For components not listed inGPA 2145, the property values in GPA TP-17 may be used.

DISCLAIMER

GPA publications necessarily address problems of a general nature and may be used by anyone desiringto do so. Every effort has been made by GPA to assure accuracy and reliability of the informationcontained in its publications. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws andregulations should be reviewed. It is not the intent of GPA to assume the duties of employers,manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train employees or others exposed, concerning healthand safety risks or precautions.

GPA makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and herebyexpressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for theviolation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict, or forany infringement of letters of patent regarding apparatus, equipment, or method so covered.

GPA 2145 Page 2

"Copyright 2008 by Gas Processors Association. All rights reserved.No part of this Report may be reproduced without written

consent of the Gas Processors Association."

Molar Mass 16.0425 30.0690 44.0956 58.1222 58.1222 72.1488 72.1488Boiling Temperature *at 14.696 psia, F -258.66 -127.44 -43.80 10.85 31.12 82.09 96.91Triple Point TemperatureF -296.42 -297.01 -305.72 -254.96 -216.85 -256.90 -201.42Vapor Pressure *at 100 F, psia 5000 800 188.62 72.644 51.567 20.474 15.576Density of Liquid *at 60 F, 14.696 psia Relative density at 60 F/60 F 0.3 0.35628 0.50719 0.56283 0.58420 0.62514 0.63071 API Gravity 340 265.66 147.49 119.91 110.71 94.848 92.850 Absolute density, lbm/gal 2.5 2.9704 4.2285 4.6925 4.8706 5.2120 5.2584Density of Ideal Gasat 60 F, 14.696 psia Relative density, air = 1.0 0.5539 1.0382 1.5225 2.0068 2.0068 2.4911 2.4911 Density lbm/(1000 ft3) 42.27 79.24 116.20 153.16 153.16 190.12 190.12Summation Factorat 60 F, psia-1 0.0116 0.0238 0.0347 0.0441 0.0470 0.0576 0.0606Volume *at 60 F, 14.696 psia Liquid, gal/lbmol 6.417 10.123 10.428 12.386 11.933 13.843 13.721 Ft3 ideal gas/gal liquid 59.138 37.488 36.391 30.637 31.801 27.414 27.658 Ratio, ideal gas/liquid 442.38 280.43 272.22 229.18 237.89 205.07 206.89Critical Conditions Temperature, F -116.66 89.91 206.13 274.39 305.56 368.96 385.79 Pressure, psia 667.1 706.7 616.6 526.3 550.6 489.9 488.8Gross Heating Value *at 60 F, ideal reaction Btu/lbm, fuel as liquid 22185 21491 21081 21137 20891 20923 Btu/gal, fuel as liquid 65897 90875 98924 102950 108880 110020 Btu/lbm, fuel as ideal gas 23892 22334 21654 21232 21300 21044 21085 Btu/ft3, fuel as ideal gas 1010.0 1769.7 2516.1 3251.9 3262.3 4000.9 4008.7 Btu/gal, fuel as ideal gas 59729 66340 91563 99630 103740 109680 110870Net Heating Valueat 60 F, ideal reaction Btu/ft3, fuel as ideal gas 909.4 1619 2315 3000 3011 3699 3707

9.548 16.710 23.871 31.032 31.032 38.193 38.193Heat of Vaporization *at 14.696 psia, F Btu/lbm at the boiling point 219.6 210.4 183.0 157.0 165.8 147.6 153.7Specific Heat *at 60 F, 14.696 psia C P , Btu/(lbm F), ideal gas 0.5266 0.4079 0.3873 0.3866 0.3949 0.3828 0.3879 C V , Btu/(lbm F), ideal gas 0.4028 0.3418 0.3423 0.3525 0.3608 0.3553 0.3603 k = C P /C V , ideal gas 1.3073 1.1932 1.1316 1.0969 1.0947 1.0775 1.0764 C S , Btu/(lbm F), sat. liq. 0.9664 0.6183 0.5641 0.5692 0.5311 0.5427Flammability Limitsat 100 F, 14.696 psia Lower, volume % In air 5.0 2.9 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.4 Upper, volume % in air 15.0 13.0 9.5 8.5 9.0 8.0 8.3Octane Number Motor clear 0.05 97.1 97.6 89.6 90.3 62.6 Research clear 1.6 1.8 0.1 93.8 92.3 61.7

n-Pentane

Volume of Air to Burn One Volume of Ideal Gas

* For some compounds, values within this property group are for conditions different from those given in the row heading. See the noteson pages 6 through 8 for details. Values in boldface type are different from those in the previous version of GPA-2145.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONSGPA STANDARD 2145-09 (FPS) becomes effective January 1, 2009

Component Methane Ethane Propane i-Butane n-Butane i-Pentane

GPA 2145 page 3

Molar Mass 86.1754 100.2019 114.2285 128.2551 142.2817 28.0532 42.0797Boiling Temperature *at 14.696 psia, F 155.68 209.08 258.12 303.37 345.42 -154.79 -53.72Triple Point TemperatureF -139.58 -131.08 -70.20 -64.21 -21.37 -272.49 -301.35Vapor Pressure *at 100 F, psia 4.961 1.619 0.5349 0.1809 0.06148 227.3Density of Liquid *at 60 F, 14.696 psia Relative density at 60 F/60 F 0.66406 0.68823 0.70655 0.72224 0.73458 0.52260 API Gravity 81.582 74.101 68.768 64.418 61.127 139.260 Absolute density, lbm/gal 5.5364 5.7379 5.8907 6.0215 6.1244 4.3571Density of Ideal Gasat 60 F, 14.696 psia Relative density, air = 1.0 2.9754 3.4597 3.9440 4.4283 4.9126 0.9686 1.4529 Density lbm/(1000 ft3) 227.09 264.05 301.01 337.97 374.93 73.92 110.89Summation Factorat 60 F, psia-1 0.0776 0.0951 0.1128 0.1307 0.1556 0.0207 0.0327Volume *at 60 F, 14.696 psia Liquid, gal/lbmol 15.565 17.463 19.391 21.300 23.232 9.6578 Ft3 ideal gas/gal liquid 24.380 21.730 19.570 17.816 16.334 39.293 Ratio, ideal gas/liquid 182.38 162.56 146.39 133.28 122.19 293.93Critical Conditions Temperature, F 453.8 512.56 564.22 610.52 652.19 48.56 195.91 Pressure, psia 436.9 396.8 360.7 330.8 305.0 731.3 660.6Gross Heating Value *at 60 F, ideal reaction Btu/lbm, fuel as liquid 20783 20680 20601 20543 20494 20875 Btu/gal, fuel as liquid 115060 118660 121350 123700 125510 90954 Btu/lbm, fuel as ideal gas 20943 20839 20760 20701 20651 21640 21040 Btu/ft3, fuel as ideal gas 4755.9 5502.6 6249.0 6996.3 7742.9 1599.7 2333.0 Btu/gal, fuel as ideal gas 115950 119570 122290 124650 126480 91672Net Heating Valueat 60 F, ideal reaction Btu/ft3, fuel as ideal gas 4404 5100 5796 6493 7190 1499 2182

45.355 52.516 59.677 66.839 74.000 14.323 21.484Heat of Vaporization *at 14.696 psia, F Btu/lbm at the boiling point 144.0 136.2 129.9 124.1 118.8 207.4 188.7Specific Heat *at 60 F, 14.696 psia C P , Btu/(lbm F), ideal gas 0.3857 0.3841 0.3829 0.3820 0.3813 0.3573 0.3567 C V , Btu/(lbm F), ideal gas 0.3626 0.3643 0.3655 0.3665 0.3673 0.2865 0.3095 k = C P /C V , ideal gas 1.0635 1.0544 1.0476 1.0423 1.0380 1.2471 1.1525 C S , Btu/(lbm F), sat. liq. 0.5285 0.5268 0.5240 0.5192 0.5155 0.6020Flammability Limitsat 100 F, 14.696 psia Lower, volume % In air 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 2.9 2.1 Upper, volume % in air 7.7 7.0 6.5 5.6 5.4 32.0 11.1Octane Number Motor clear 26 Research clear 24.8


All values in this table are on the International Temperature Scale 1990 (ITS-90).

GPA STANDARD 2145-09 (FPS) becomes effective January 1, 2009Ethylene Propylene

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS

Component n-Hexane n-Heptane n-Octane n-Nonane n-Decane

GPA 2145 Page 4

Carbon HydrogenDioxide Sulfide

Molar Mass 44.0095 34.0809 28.0134 31.9988 4.0026 28.9625 18.0153Boiling Temperature *at 14.696 psia, F -109.24 -76.54 -320.43 -297.33 -452.06 -317.64 211.95Triple Point TemperatureF -69.81 -121.81 -346.00 -361.82 -455.75 -352.12 32.018Vapor Pressure *at 100 F, psia 395.0 0.95050Density of Liquid *at 60 F, 14.696 psia Relative density at 60 F/60 F 0.81716 0.79886 0.80687 1.1423 0.12486 0.87586 1.00000 API Gravity 41.660 45.628 43.868 -7.630 1002 30.055 10.000 Absolute density, lbm/gal 6.8129 6.6602 6.7271 9.5238 1.041 7.3022 8.3372Density of Ideal Gasat 60 F, 14.696 psia Relative density, air = 1.0 1.5195 1.1767 0.9672 1.1048 0.1382 1.0000 0.62202 Density lbm/(1000 ft3) 115.97 89.81 73.820 84.322 10.547 76.321 47.473Summation Factorat 60 F, psia-1 0.0195 0.0239 0.00442 0.0072 0.00537 0.06510Volume *at 60 F, 14.696 psia Liquid, gal/lbmol 6.4598 5.1171 4.1643 3.3599 3.8451 3.9663 2.1608 Ft3 ideal gas/gal liquid 58.746 74.16 91.128 112.95 98.693 95.678 175.62 Ratio, ideal gas/liquid 439.45 554.76 681.69 844.89 738.27 715.72 1313.7Critical Conditions Temperature, F 87.76 211.91 -232.53 -181.43 -450.32 -221.12 705.11 Pressure, psia 1070.0 1305.3 492.5 731.4 33.0 549.1 3200.1Gross Heating Value *at 60 F, ideal reaction Btu/lbm, fuel as liquid 6892.4 Btu/gal, fuel as liquid 45905 Btu/lbm, fuel as ideal gas 7094.0 1059.8 Btu/ft3, fuel as ideal gas 637.10 50.310 Btu/gal, fuel as ideal gas 47248 8835.4Net Heating Valueat 60 F, ideal reaction Btu/ft3, fuel as ideal gas 586.79

7.1613Heat of Vaporization *at 14.696 psia, F Btu/lbm at the boiling point 246.5 234.9 85.63 91.60 8.922 88.07 970.12Specific Heat *at 60 F, 14.696 psia C P , Btu/(lbm F), ideal gas 0.1992 0.2383 0.2483 0.2189 1.2404 0.2399 0.44478 C V , Btu/(lbm F), ideal gas 0.1541 0.1800 0.1774 0.1569 0.7442 0.1714 0.33455 k = C P /C V , ideal gas 1.2929 1.3236 1.3996 1.3956 1.6667 1.4002 1.3295 C S , Btu/(lbm F), sat. liq. 0.6857 0.5088 1.0003Flammability Limitsat 100 F, 14.696 psia Lower, volume % In air 4.3 Upper, volume % in air 45.5Octane Number Motor clear Research clear



Water

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONSGPA STANDARD 2145-09 (FPS) becomes effective January 1, 2009

Component Nitrogen Oxygen Helium Air

GPA 2145 Page 5

Molar Mass 1Boiling Temperatureat 14.696 psia, F 2Triple Point TemperatureF 2Vapor Pressureat 100 F, psia 2 b bDensity of Liquidat 60 F, 14.696 psia Relative density at 60 F/60 F 2 b API Gravity 2 b Absolute density, lbm/gal 2 b d d d dDensity of Ideal Gasat 60 F, 14.696 psia Relative density, air = 1.0 Density lbm/(1000 ft3) fSummation Factorat 60 F, psia-1 2Volumeat 60 F, 14.696 psia Liquid, gal/lbmol g Ft3 ideal gas/gal liquid g b d d d d Ratio, ideal gas/liquid g b d d d dCritical Conditions Temperature, F 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 Pressure, psia 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2Gross Heating Valueat 60 F, ideal reaction Btu/lbm, fuel as liquid i d d d d 3 3 3 3 Btu/gal, fuel as liquid g d d d d Btu/lbm, fuel as ideal gas 3 3 3 3 3 Btu/ft3, fuel as ideal gas Btu/gal, fuel as ideal gasNet Heating Valueat 60 F, ideal reaction Btu/ft3, fuel as ideal gas

kHeat of Vaporizationat 14.696 psia, F Btu/lbm at the boiling point 2Specific Heatat 60 F, 14.696 psia C P , Btu/(lbm F), ideal gas 2 C V , Btu/(lbm F), ideal gas k = C P /C V , ideal gas C S , Btu/(lbm F), sat. liq. 2 cFlammability Limitsat 100 F, 14.696 psia Lower, volume % In air 4 Upper, volume % in air 4Octane Number Motor clear 5 l m m Research clear 5 l, m l, m l, m m m

TABLE FOR NOTES AND REFERENCESGPA STANDARD

i-C5C3 n-C5C2 i-C4 n-C4 n-C6 n-C7

Volume to Burn One Volume of Ideal Gas

Component All C1

GPA 2145 Page 6

ac c c c c c

ccc d d d d,e d,e d,e d,e

e e e ed d h h h hd d h h h h

3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 23 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

3 3 3 c d dc d d3 3 3 j

jj

n

c c c c c

n-C9 CO2 C2= C3=

2145-09 (FPS)

H2OHeN2n-C10 O2 AirH2Sn-C8

GPA 2145 Page 7

NOTES FOR GPA STANDARD 2145-09 (FPS)a

Component Mole Fraction (x i) Molar Mass (M ) x iMnitrogen 0.78102 28.0134 21.87903oxygen 0.20946 31.9988 6.70247argon 0.00916 39.948 0.365924carbon dioxide 0.00033 44.0095 0.014523neon 0.0000182 20.1797 0.000367helium 0.0000052 4.0026 0.000021methane 0.0000015 16.0425 0.000024krypton 0.0000011 83.798 0.000092hydrogen 0.0000005 2.01588 0.000001nitrous oxide 0.0000003 44.0128 0.000013carbon monoxide 0.0000002 28.0101 0.000006xenon 0.0000001 131.293 0.000013AIR 28.9625

bcdef

ghi

jkl

mno

Average value from octane numbers using more than one sampleEnthalpy of sublimation

The basis for gross heating value is dry gas at 60 F and 14.696 psia based upon the idealreaction, see GPA 2172 for conversion to other bases. Conversion of enthalpies of combustion atT = 298.15 K given in reference 3 were converted to the conditions specified here with theproperty values from reference 2. Heating values for H2S are based on SO2(g) and H2O asproducts.Enthalpy of vaporization to the ideal-gas stateValues are based on an oxygen mole fraction of 0.20946 for air.

The + sign and number specify the number of cm3 of TEL (tetraethyl lead) added per gallon toachieve the ASTM octane number of 100, corresponding to that of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.

For components not listed in GPA-2145, the property values listed in TP-17 may be used.

Molar Mass of Dry Atmospheric Air (g)

''The Molar Mass of Air is fixed by GPA to be 28.9625 in order to harmonize with ISO 6976-95 'Natural gas -- Calculation of calorific value, density, relative density and Wobbe index from composition' and AGA 5-07 'Fuel Gas Energy Metering'. Individual components in Air may change over time based on empirical data but the Molar Mass of Air, calculated from the table shown below, will remain constant within this document for the purposes of, but not limited to, the calculation of Gas Relative Density. The information in the table below should not be used for individual component calculations. For information on individual components refer to the appropriate Component Data Table.'' AGA 5-07 TABLE 7.17.1 follows.

Shaded values were estimated by GPA for the hypothetical liquid state and were not re-evaluated The referenced temperature is above the critical temperature.The property is that of the liquid component at saturation pressure rather than at 14.696 psia.Densities of liquid at the normal boiling temperature

Gas constant R = 8.314472 J mol-1 K-1. [10.7316 psia ft3/(lbmol oR)] and 1 Btu = 1055.056 JAlgebraically derived from the absolute density of the liquidGas at 60 F and liquid at the normal boiling point

GPA 2145 Page 8

Molar Mass 16.0425 30.0690 44.0956 58.1222 58.1222 72.1488 72.1488Boiling Temperature *at 101.325 kPa(abs), K 111.67 184.57 231.04 261.40 272.66 300.98 309.21Triple Point TemperatureK 90.69 90.37 85.53 113.73 134.90 112.65 143.47Vapor Pressure *at 313.15 K, kPa(abs) 35000 5500 1369.4 531.21 378.49 151.51 115.67Density of Liquid *at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Relative density at 15 C/15 C 0.3 0.35817 0.50796 0.56346 0.58478 0.62564 0.63119 Absolute density, kg m-3 300 357.85 507.50 562.95 584.25 625.08 630.62Density of Ideal Gasat 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Relative density, air = 1.0 0.5539 1.0382 1.5225 2.0068 2.0068 2.4911 2.4911 Density kg m-3 0.67848 1.2717 1.8649 2.4581 2.4581 3.0514 3.0514Summation Factorat 288.15 K, kPa-1 0.00442 0.00910 0.0132 0.0168 0.0179 0.0220 0.0232Volume *at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Liquid, cm3 mol-1 53.475 84.027 86.888 103.25 99.482 115.42 114.41 Ratio, ideal gas/liquid 442.17 281.40 272.13 229.02 237.68 204.85 206.67Critical Conditions Temperature, K 190.56 305.32 369.89 407.81 425.13 460.35 469.70 Pressure, kPa(abs) 4599 4872.2 4251.2 3629 3796 3378 3370Gross Heating Value *at 288.15 K, ideal reaction MJ kg-1, fuel as liquid 51.604 49.990 49.038 49.166 48.593 48.668 MJ m-3, fuel as liquid 18467 25370 27606 28725 30375 30691 MJ kg-1, fuel as ideal gas 55.575 51.951 50.369 49.388 49.546 48.950 49.045 MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas 37.706 66.066 93.934 121.40 121.79 149.36 149.65Net Heating Valueat 288.15 K, ideal reaction MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas 33.95 60.43 86.42 112.0 112.4 138.1 138.4

9.548 16.710 23.871 31.032 31.032 38.193 38.193Heat of Vaporization *at 101.325 kPa(abs) kJ kg-1 at the boiling point 510.8 489.4 425.6 365.1 385.7 343.3 357.6Specific Heat *at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) C P , kJ kg

-1 K-1, ideal gas 2.2036 1.7054 1.6191 1.6162 1.6511 1.6003 1.6216 C V , kJ kg

-1 K-1, ideal gas 1.6853 1.4289 1.4305 1.4731 1.5080 1.4851 1.5064 k = C P /C V , ideal gas 1.3075 1.1935 1.1318 1.0971 1.0949 1.0776 1.0765 C S , kJ kg

-1 K-1, sat. liq. 4.0050 2.5840 2.3586 2.3805 2.2208 2.2698Flammability Limitsat 310.93 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Lower, volume % In air 5.0 2.9 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.4 Upper, volume % in air 15.0 13.0 9.5 8.5 9.0 8.0 8.3Octane Number Motor clear 0.05 97.1 97.6 89.6 90.3 62.6 Research clear 1.6 1.8 0.1 93.8 92.3 61.7

n-Pentane



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONSGPA STANDARD 2145-09 (SI) becomes effective January 1, 2009

Component Methane Ethane Propane i-Butane n-Butane i-Pentane

GPA 2145 Page 9

Molar Mass 86.1754 100.2019 114.2285 128.2551 142.2817 28.0532 42.0797Boiling Temperature *at 101.325 kPa(abs), K 341.86 371.53 398.77 423.91 447.27 169.38 225.53Triple Point TemperatureK 177.83 182.55 216.37 219.70 243.50 103.99 87.95Vapor Pressure *at 313.15 K, kPa(abs) 37.292 12.326 4.1263 1.414 0.4867 1648.5Density of Liquid *at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Relative density at 15 C/15 C 0.66452 0.68864 0.70693 0.72262 0.73496 0.52346 Absolute density, kg m-3 663.92 688.02 706.30 721.97 734.30 522.99Density of Ideal Gasat 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Relative density, air = 1.0 2.9754 3.4597 3.9440 4.4283 4.9126 0.9686 1.4529 Density kg m-3 3.6446 4.2378 4.8310 5.4242 6.0174 1.1864 1.7797Summation Factorat 288.15 K, kPa-1 0.0296 0.0364 0.0431 0.0500 0.0595 0.0079 0.0125Volume *at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Liquid, cm3 mol-1 129.80 145.64 161.73 177.65 193.77 80.46 Ratio, ideal gas/liquid 182.17 162.35 146.20 133.10 122.03 293.9Critical Conditions Temperature, K 507.50 540.13 568.83 594.6 617.7 282.35 364.21 Pressure, kPa(abs) 3012 2736 2487 2281 2103 5042 4555Gross Heating Value *at 288.15 K, ideal reaction MJ kg-1, fuel as liquid 48.342 48.103 47.919 47.784 47.671 48.557 MJ m-3, fuel as liquid 32095 33096 33845 34498 35004 25395 MJ kg-1, fuel as ideal gas 48.715 48.474 48.290 48.152 48.037 50.337 48.941 MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas 177.55 205.42 233.29 261.19 289.06 59.721 87.097Net Heating Valueat 288.15 K, ideal reaction MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas 164.39 190.39 216.38 242.40 268.39 55.96 81.46

45.355 52.516 59.677 66.839 74.000 14.323 21.484Heat of Vaporization *at 101.325 kPa(abs) kJ kg-1 at the boiling point 334.9 316.9 302.2 288.6 276.4 482.4 439.0Specific Heat *at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) C P , kJ kg



-1 K-1, sat. liq. 2.2104 2.2038 2.1918 2.1719 2.1562 2.5161Flammability Limitsat 310.93 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Lower, volume % In air 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 2.9 2.1 Upper, volume % in air 7.7 7.0 6.5 5.6 5.4 32.0 11.1Octane Number Motor clear 26 Research clear 24.8

PropyleneEthylene


All values in this table are on the International Temperature Scale 1990 (ITS-90).


n-Hexane n-Heptane n-OctaneComponent n-Nonane n-Decane

GPA 2145 Page 10

Carbon Hydrogen Dioxide Sulfide

Molar Mass 44.0095 34.0809 28.0134 31.9988 4.0026 28.9625 18.0153Boiling Temperature *at 101.325 kPa(abs), K 194.69 212.85 77.355 90.188 4.230 78.90 373.12Triple Point TemperatureK 216.59 187.70 63.151 54.361 2.177 59.75 273.16Vapor Pressure *at 313.15 K, kPa(abs) 2863 7.3849Density of Liquid *at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Relative density at 15 C/15 C 0.82195 0.8001 0.80680 1.1422 0.1248 0.87579 1.0000 Absolute density, kg m-3 821.2 799.4 806.1 1141.2 124.7 875.0 999.102Density of Ideal Gasat 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Relative density, air = 1.0 1.5195 1.1767 0.9672 1.1048 0.1382 1.0000 0.62202 Density kg m-3 1.8613 1.4414 1.1848 1.3533 0.1693 1.2249 0.76191Summation Factorat 288.15 K, kPa-1 0.00745 0.00913 0.00170 0.00275 0.00206 0.02495Volume *at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Liquid, cm3 mol-1 53.59 42.63 34.753 28.040 32.089 33.10 18.031 Ratio, ideal gas/liquid 441.2 554.6 680.4 843.3 736.9 714.3 1311.3Critical Conditions Temperature, K 304.1 373.1 126.19 154.58 5.195 132.53 647.10 Pressure, kPa(abs) 7377 9000 3396 5043 227.46 3786.0 22064Gross Heating Value *at 288.15 K, ideal reaction MJ kg-1, fuel as liquid 16.031 MJ m-3, fuel as liquid 12815 MJ kg-1, fuel as ideal gas 16.501 2.4662 MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas 23.784 1.8790Net Heating Valueat 288.15 K, ideal reaction MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas 21.905

7.161Heat of Vaporization *at 101.325 kPa(abs) kJ kg-1 at the boiling point 573.3 546.4 199.2 213.1 20.75 204.9 2256.5Specific Heat *at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) C P , kJ kg



-1 K-1, sat. liq. 2.8376 2.1277 4.1888Flammability Limitsat 310.93 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Lower, volume % In air 4.3 Upper, volume % in air 45.5Octane Number Motor clear Research clear

Water




Component Nitrogen Oxygen Helium Air

GPA 2145 Page 11

Molar Mass 1Boiling Temperatureat 101.325 kPa(abs), K 2Triple Point TemperatureK 2Vapor Pressureat 313.15 K, kPa(abs) 2 b bDensity of Liquidat 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Relative density at 15 C/15 C 2 b Absolute density, kg m-3 2 b d d d dDensity of Ideal Gasat 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Relative density, air = 1.0 Density kg m-3 fSummation Factorat 288.15 K, kPa-1 2Volumeat 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Liquid, cm3 mol-1 g b d d d d Ratio, ideal gas/liquid g b d d d dCritical Conditions Temperature, K 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 Pressure, kPa(abs) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2Gross Heating Valueat 288.15 K, ideal reaction MJ kg-1, fuel as liquid i d d d d 3 3 3 3 MJ m-3, fuel as liquid g d d d d MJ kg-1, fuel as ideal gas 3 3 3 3 3 MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gasNet Heating Valueat 288.15 K, ideal reaction MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas

kHeat of Vaporizationat 101.325 kPa(abs) kJ kg-1 at the boiling point 2Specific Heatat 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) C P , kJ kg

-1 K-1, ideal gas 2 C V , kJ kg

-1 K-1, ideal gas k = C P /C V , ideal gas C S , kJ kg

-1 K-1, sat. liq. 2 cFlammability Limitsat 310.93 K, 101.325 kPa(abs) Lower, volume % In air 4 Upper, volume % in air 4Octane Number Motor clear 5 l m m Research clear 5 l, m l, m l, m m m

i-C5 n-C5

TABLE FOR NOTES AND REFERENCESGPA STANDARD

C2 C3 i-C4 n-C4 n-C6 n-C7


Component All C1

GPA 2145 Page 12

ac c c c c c

cc d d d d, e d, e d, e d, e

c d d h h h hc d d h h h h

3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 23 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

3 3 3 c d dc d d3 3 3 j

j

n

c c c c c

Air H2OO2 He

2145-09 (SI)

n-C9 n-C10 N2n-C8 CO2 H2SC2= C3=

GPA 2145 Page 13

NOTES FOR GPA STANDARD 2145-08 (SI)a

Component Mole Fraction (x i) Molar Mass (M ) x iMnitrogen 0.78102 28.0134 21.87903oxygen 0.20946 31.9988 6.70247argon 0.00916 39.948 0.365924carbon dioxide 0.00033 44.0095 0.014523neon 0.0000182 20.1797 0.000367helium 0.0000052 4.0026 0.000021methane 0.0000015 16.0425 0.000024krypton 0.0000011 83.798 0.000092hydrogen 0.0000005 2.01588 0.000001nitrous oxide 0.0000003 44.0128 0.000013carbon monoxide 0.0000002 28.0101 0.000006xenon 0.0000001 131.293 0.000013AIR 28.9625

b

cdef

gh

i

jkl

mno

Algebraically derived from the absolute density of the liquid

Gas at T = 288.15 K and liquid at the normal boiling point

The Molar Mass of Air is fixed by GPA to be 28.9625 in order to harmonize with ISO 6976-95, 'Natural gas -- Calculation of calorific value, density, relative density and Wobbe indexfrom composition' and AGA 5-07, 'Fuel Gas Energy Metering'. Individual components in Airmay change over time based on empirical data but the Molar Mass of Air, calculated fromthe table shown below, will remain constant within this document for the purposes of, butnot limited to, the calculation of Gas Relative Density. The information in the table belowshould not be used for individual component calculations. For information on individualcomponents refer to the appropriate Component Data Table. AGA 5-07 TABLE 7.17.1follows.

Shaded values were estimated by GPA for the hypothetical liquid state, and were not re-evaluated in this revision of GPA-2145.The referenced temperature is above the critical temperature.The property is that of the liquid component at saturation pressure rather than at 101.325k

Average value from octane numbers using more than one sampleEnthalpy of sublimationFor components not listed in GPA-2145, the property values listed in TP-17 may be used.

Molar Mass of Dry Atmospheric Air (g)

The basis for gross heating value is dry gas at T = 288.15 K and p = 101.325 kPa basedupon the ideal reaction. See GPA 2172 for conversion to other bases. Conversion ofenthalpies of combustion at T = 298.15 K from reference 3 were converted to the conditionsspecified here with the property values from reference 2. Heating values for H2S are based onSO2(g) and H2O as products.

Enthalpy of vaporization to the ideal-gas stateValues are based on an oxygen mole fraction of 0.20946 for air.

The + sign and number specify the number of cm3 of TEL (tetraethyl lead) added per gallonto achieve the ASTM octane number of 100, corresponding to that of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.

Densities of liquid at the normal boiling temperature

Gas constant R = 8.314472 J mol-1 K-1

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References1 M.E. Wieser, Pure Appl. Chem., 78, 2051-2066, 2006. All molar masses are listed with 4

decimal places without consideration of their uncertainties past the third decimal point.

2 E.W. Lemmon, M.L. Huber, and M.O. McLinden, Reference Fluid and Thermodynamicand Transport Properties (REFPROP), NIST Standard Reference Database 23 (Version 8,2007). NIST Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, MD. This database includesthe "The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary WaterSubstance for General and Scientific Use," J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data , 31(2), 387-535,2002.

3 A.F. Kazakov, C.D. Muzny, R.D. Chirico, V. Diky, R.A. Stevenson, and M. Frenkel,NIST/TRC Web Thermo Tables (WTT) - Professional Edition, NIST Standard ReferenceSubscription Database 3 (Version 1, 2007). NIST Standard Reference Data Program,Gaithersburg, MD.

The critically evaluated enthalpies of combustion from WTT are all for T = 298.15 K withliquid water as a product, in accord with how the values are determined experimentally.Enthalpies of combustion for the hydrocarbon gases are based upon the following generalreaction:

Hydrocarbon(gas) + oxygen(gas) = carbon dioxide(gas) + water(liquid)Values (in J/g of hydrocarbon) used to derive the quantities listed in GPA-2145 are:

methane (-55517), ethane (-51903), propane (-50325), i-butane (-49347), n-butane (-49505), ethylene (-50303), and propylene (-48907).

Enthalpies of combustion for the hydrocarbon liquids are based upon the following generalreaction:

Hydrocarbon(liquid) + oxygen(gas) = carbon dioxide(gas) + water(liquid)Values (in J/g of hydrocarbon) used to derive the quantities listed in GPA-2145 are:

i-pentane (-48560), n-pentane (-48635), n-hexane (-48310), n-heptane (-48071), n-octane (-47888), n-nonane (-47753), and n-decane (-47640).

The enthalpy of combustion for hydrogen sulfide is based upon the following reaction:

Hydrogen sulfide(gas) + 1.5 oxygen(gas) = sulfur dioxide(gas) + water(liquid)

The value (in J/g of hydrogen sulfide) is -16490.5.

4 Engineering Sciences Data Unit, "Fire Hazard Properties: Flash Points, FlammabilityLimits and Autoignition Temperatures," ESDU 82030, September 1983.

5 E.F. Obert, "Internal Combustion Engines and Air Pollution," Harper & Row: NewYork,1973.

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CoverForewordFPS pg 1FPS pg 2FPS pg 3Notes pg 4Notes pg 5Notes FPS pg 6SI pg 7SI pg 8SI pg 9Notes pg 10Notes pg 11Notes SI pg 12Refs pg 13

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