Government Standard 11.) Explain historical and philosophical origins that shaped the

government of the United States, including the Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, the English Bill of Rights, the Mayflower

Compact, the Virginia Declaration of Rights, and the influence of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Charles de Montesquieu, Jean-

Jacques Rousseau, and the Great Awakening.

• Comparing characteristics of limited and unlimited governments throughout the world, including constitutional,

authoritarian, and totalitarian governmentsExamples: 1. constitutional

2. authoritarian3. totalitarian

Magna Carta

• 800 year anniversary• Agreement (treaty) with Barons (nobility) and king• Foundation of parliamentary government

(legislative)• Rule of Law, not man (king couldn’t govern any

way he wanted)• Due process of law• No taxation without representation (king had to

ask popular consent for tax money)

Petition of Right, 1628

• England document• Liberties • that the king could not infringe on.• Four parts1. To tax without Parliament2. Habeas Corpus: can’t put someone in jail without

telling them what they did and the person has to be brought to court

3. No martial law in peace time4. No quartering soldiers in citizens’ homes

Petition of Right, affect on US documents

• Limited government• Individual liberty comes before king’s

authority• Inspired Bill of Rights, limits of power; political

liberties regardless of relation to the king;

English Bill of Rights, 1689

• Parliament• Separation of powers• Limiting the power of the king or queen• Enhanced freedom of speech• Protected certain rights• No taxes without Parliament• No excessive bail• No cruel and unusual punishment

Mayflower Compact

• First governing document of Plymouth Colony• Fleeing religious persecution• A social contract: follow rules• Influences: follow rule of law; self-governing;

religious freedom

Virginia Declaration of Rights• Created May 1776• Inherent (always there) rights of man• Self-government• Influenced:

1. Declaration of Independence2. US Bill of Rights3. Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

(French Revolution)4. People: Thomas Jefferson; James Madison;

LaFayette

Thomas Hobbes

• “Government is needed”• NOT in favor of democracy• Believed in having an Absolute monarch• Social contract theory: people agree to be

governed. Influenced the Constitution from the standpoint that people have a relationship with government.

John Locke

• Dif. From Hobbes, rejected the “divine right”• Limited government• Gov’t is morally obligated to protect :– LIFE, LIBERTY, and PROPERTY

• Legislative should be most powerful branch• Freedom of religion

Montesquieu

• Separation of powers• Balance of powers

Rousseau

• Social contract: self govern• Individual right of freedom is most important

Great Awakening, 1730-1743

• Americans became more like Americans and less like colonists

• Relig: God to Church to the people– God to the people– So that meant that instead of God-ruler-people;

God-people-ruler• Growth of the idea of state rule• People agreed to live together and be bound

by a central government

Great Awakening

• People thought that they had an Independent spirit; so that led to an independent thinking about government

characteristics of limited and unlimited governments throughout the world:

1. constitutional2. authoritarian3. totalitarian

constitutional

• United States of America

authoritarian

• Saudi Arabia• China

totalitarian

• North Korea• Cuba• Iran• ISIS