Government:Government: Set of policies, roles, and responsibilities Set of policies, roles, and responsibilities

established to direct and control the established to direct and control the uses of technology, direction of state, uses of technology, direction of state, and actions of citizens and actions of citizens

Why do we have Why do we have government?government?

To ensure the natural rights of the To ensure the natural rights of the people are protected (life, liberty and people are protected (life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness)the pursuit of happiness)

Purposes of Government:Purposes of Government:

Maintain order by preserving life Maintain order by preserving life and protecting property and protecting property

Provide public goods and Provide public goods and services such as highways and services such as highways and schools schools

Promote equality through health, Promote equality through health, welfare and social equality welfare and social equality policies policies

Form of government in which all Form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives the decisions that affect their lives

““Government of the people, by the Government of the people, by the people , and for the people” people , and for the people”

Government by the people or their Government by the people or their elected officials elected officials

Democracy:Democracy:

Democratic Republic: United Democratic Republic: United StatesStates

Representative Democracy/Government Representative Democracy/Government Citizens elect representatives to make Citizens elect representatives to make laws and policies laws and policies Why? Originally Why? Originally Size of population and Size of population and land area land area Difficulty in communication Difficulty in communication Educational level of citizens Educational level of citizens Economic prohibitions Economic prohibitions

United States United States ConstitutionConstitution

Written constitution Written constitution

Founding fathers (Charles Pinckney) Founding fathers (Charles Pinckney)

Preamble, Seven Articles , and 27 Preamble, Seven Articles , and 27 Amendments Amendments

Created through compromises: The Created through compromises: The Great Compromise, 3/5ths Compromise, Great Compromise, 3/5ths Compromise, and Commerce Compromise and Commerce Compromise

Basic PrinciplesBasic Principles

Separation of Powers: 3 Branches Separation of Powers: 3 Branches Legislative: law making, Congress Legislative: law making, Congress Executive: law enforcing, President, Executive: law enforcing, President,

Vice- President, and Cabinet Vice- President, and Cabinet Judicial: US Supreme Court & Lower Judicial: US Supreme Court & Lower

Federal Courts; interprets & applies laws Federal Courts; interprets & applies laws & determines constitutionality of laws & determines constitutionality of laws through court cases through court cases

Popular Sovereignty: states that the Popular Sovereignty: states that the source of governmental power lies source of governmental power lies with the peoplewith the people

Basic Principles Basic Principles Continued:Continued:

Limited GovernmentLimited Government - US government - US government must follow its own laws using powers must follow its own laws using powers given to it by the people given to it by the people Separation of PowersSeparation of Powers - 3 branches each - 3 branches each with specific powers with specific powers Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances - system of checks - system of checks that ensure that no branch becomes too that ensure that no branch becomes too powerful powerful Judicial ReviewJudicial Review -Supreme Court decides -Supreme Court decides constitutionality of laws constitutionality of laws Federalism- Federalism- creates 2 levels of creates 2 levels of government state and federal government state and federal

Changes in Voting Rights in Changes in Voting Rights in SCSC

White, male property owners 21 years old White, male property owners 21 years old White males 21 years old White males 21 years old Males 21 years old ( not Native Americans) Males 21 years old ( not Native Americans) Males who paid poll tax, passed literacy Males who paid poll tax, passed literacy test, & grandfather voted in 1860 test, & grandfather voted in 1860 Women Women Native Americans Native Americans African Americans without paying poll tax African Americans without paying poll tax & passing literacy test & passing literacy test 18 year olds 18 year olds

Economics:Economics:

the study of how limited resources are the study of how limited resources are distributed in society through the distributed in society through the concepts of supply and demand concepts of supply and demand Supply is the amount of a good Supply is the amount of a good available available Demand is how much of the good is Demand is how much of the good is purchased purchased the price of a good establishes the the price of a good establishes the amount of supply available and the amount of supply available and the amount of a product demanded amount of a product demanded

Trade-Offs:Trade-Offs:Decisions require trade-offs because of Decisions require trade-offs because of limits on time, money and resourceslimits on time, money and resources to obtain a good or service, you must give to obtain a good or service, you must give up something in return up something in return ((You may give up You may give up money to purchase food, or you may give up money to purchase food, or you may give up your time and work in exchange for a salary)your time and work in exchange for a salary)These choices are made every day and are These choices are made every day and are the foundation of economicsthe foundation of economicsTrade-offs occur at the individual, business Trade-offs occur at the individual, business and government levels.and government levels.The increase & decrease of prices is the The increase & decrease of prices is the foundation for a market-based system.foundation for a market-based system.

8-1.6: Compare the development 8-1.6: Compare the development of representative government in of representative government in SC to the other colonial regions, SC to the other colonial regions, including the under the including the under the proprietary regime, the period of proprietary regime, the period of royal government, and South royal government, and South Carolina’s Regulator Movement. Carolina’s Regulator Movement.

South Carolina’s South Carolina’s Government:Government:

First Plan of Government: Fundamental First Plan of Government: Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina Constitutions of Carolina Became more democratic during colonial Became more democratic during colonial period period SC began as proprietary colony SC began as proprietary colony Lords Proprietors had control over land Lords Proprietors had control over land and political control of land granted to and political control of land granted to them by king them by king Proprietors attracted settlers by Proprietors attracted settlers by beginning to share some political control beginning to share some political control with property owners with property owners The largest plantation owners the The largest plantation owners the Carolina political elite amassed great Carolina political elite amassed great wealth & political power wealth & political power Other colonies developed a political elite Other colonies developed a political elite based on economic status too. based on economic status too.

Carolina Government:Carolina Government:Legislative Assembly: Legislative Assembly: made laws including tax laws made laws including tax laws bicameral (2 house) assembly (most bicameral (2 house) assembly (most

colonies) colonies) Proprietors & elite had greater Proprietors & elite had greater

representation in government than common representation in government than common man man

Grand Council decided majority of each Grand Council decided majority of each group in colonies –reps of Proprietors, group in colonies –reps of Proprietors, colonial elite, and common people- should colonial elite, and common people- should have equal voice in gov’t. have equal voice in gov’t. Problem with this: the representation would Problem with this: the representation would not be proportional to their numbers in the not be proportional to their numbers in the population population Later separate Commons House of Later separate Commons House of Assembly established to represent the Assembly established to represent the common people common people Representation greater for Lowcountry than Representation greater for Lowcountry than backcountry backcountry

Changes in Control of Changes in Control of Colonies:Colonies:

By end of 1600’s most joint stock company By end of 1600’s most joint stock company colonies had become royal colonies and colonies had become royal colonies and could not name governors could not name governors Royal colonies: king appoints governors to Royal colonies: king appoints governors to help control wealth or limit the help control wealth or limit the independence of colony independence of colony South Carolina colonists asked to become a South Carolina colonists asked to become a royal colony, why? royal colony, why? 1.1. Tension between Proprietors & colonists Tension between Proprietors & colonists 2.2. Colonists felt neglected by proprietors who Colonists felt neglected by proprietors who

collected rent, but offered little protection collected rent, but offered little protection 3.3. Proprietors thought colonists were disobedient & Proprietors thought colonists were disobedient &

were making little profit were making little profit 4.4. Council protested to king about neglect & asked Council protested to king about neglect & asked

to become royal colony to become royal colony 5.5. King & proprietors made a financial deal, Carolina King & proprietors made a financial deal, Carolina

became a royal colony became a royal colony 6.6. Carolina split into South & North Carolina due to Carolina split into South & North Carolina due to

differences between wealthy SC & backwoods NCdifferences between wealthy SC & backwoods NC

South Carolina as a Royal South Carolina as a Royal ColonyColony

Royal Government:Royal Government:1. representative assembly allowed Carolina some 1. representative assembly allowed Carolina some

self-governmentself-government2. governor appointed by king (power limited)2. governor appointed by king (power limited)3. assembly controlled taxes that paid governor3. assembly controlled taxes that paid governor4. most often colonies left alone by king & 4. most often colonies left alone by king &

Parliament to control local governmentsParliament to control local governments Economic Advantages of being royal Economic Advantages of being royal

colony:colony: Increased subsidies for naval stores & indigoIncreased subsidies for naval stores & indigo Direct rice sale by merchants to foreign Direct rice sale by merchants to foreign

countriescountries Expanded markets to sell goodsExpanded markets to sell goods

Expansion of Colony Under Royal Expansion of Colony Under Royal ColonyColony

Township Plan Township Plan Established by royal governor to encourage Established by royal governor to encourage

migration to the Carolina backcountry migration to the Carolina backcountry Established townships in backcountry Established townships in backcountry Settlers established subsistence farms there Settlers established subsistence farms there Township Plan encouraged animosity Township Plan encouraged animosity between the Lowcountry & backcountry between the Lowcountry & backcountry First backcountry settlers: white traders First backcountry settlers: white traders & woodsmen viewed by Lowcountry as & woodsmen viewed by Lowcountry as “uncivilized” “uncivilized” Lowcountry: first area settled, along Lowcountry: first area settled, along Atlantic coast, Charles Town Atlantic coast, Charles Town Home of plantation owners rich from export Home of plantation owners rich from export

of rice & indigo of rice & indigo

Reasons for animosity/tension Reasons for animosity/tension between backcountry & between backcountry & LowcountryLowcountry

Lowcountry:Lowcountry:

First area settledFirst area settled

Along Atlantic CoastAlong Atlantic Coast

Plantation ownersPlantation owners

Barbadians (rice & indigo)Barbadians (rice & indigo)

Wealthy, prosperousWealthy, prosperous

Considered aristocraticConsidered aristocratic

Small white populationSmall white population

Larger slave populationLarger slave population

Majority representation Majority representation in Assemblyin Assembly

Backcountry:Backcountry:

Settled laterSettled later

InlandInland

Subsistence farmers, Subsistence farmers, traders & woodsmentraders & woodsmen

PoorPoor

Considered “uncivilized”Considered “uncivilized”

Larger white populationLarger white population

Few slaves, anti-slaveryFew slaves, anti-slavery

Less representation in Less representation in AssemblyAssembly

Backcountry:Backcountry:

Coastal settlers moved inland Coastal settlers moved inland Immigrants traveled along Immigrants traveled along backcountry valleys from backcountry valleys from Pennsylvania (Scotch Irish & German) Pennsylvania (Scotch Irish & German) White population grew & White population grew & outnumbered Lowcountry’s outnumbered Lowcountry’s Backcountry continued to have much Backcountry continued to have much less representation in Assembly less representation in Assembly Paid taxes, but got little from colonial Paid taxes, but got little from colonial government government No law enforcement so settlers No law enforcement so settlers became vigilantesbecame vigilantes

Regulator Movement:Regulator Movement:

No law enforcement No law enforcement Settlers took law/regulation of society into own Settlers took law/regulation of society into own hands hands No Courts so Regulators operated as vigilantes No Courts so Regulators operated as vigilantes Movement turned lawless Movement turned lawless Guilty hanged or beaten to death without jury trial Guilty hanged or beaten to death without jury trial

(violated rights as Englishmen) (violated rights as Englishmen)

SC government eventually came to aid of SC government eventually came to aid of backcountry settlers backcountry settlers

Circuit Court Act of 1769: set up 7 circuit courthouses Circuit Court Act of 1769: set up 7 circuit courthouses around colony to provide justice, law & order in the region around colony to provide justice, law & order in the region

Representation in Assembly was still Representation in Assembly was still disproportional & tensions continued between disproportional & tensions continued between backcountry & Lowcountry backcountry & Lowcountry