GOVERNMENT OF MAKUENI COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, … · SULTAN HAMUD URBAN LAND USE PLAN...
Transcript of GOVERNMENT OF MAKUENI COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, … · SULTAN HAMUD URBAN LAND USE PLAN...
GOVERNMENT OF MAKUENI COUNTY
DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, MINING, PHYSICAL PLANNING & URBAN
DEVELOPMENT
P.O BOX 78 – 90300, MAKUENI
SULTAN HAMUD URBAN LAND USE PLAN
(2017-2022)
i
PLAN APPROVAL
This plan has been prepared and published as per the requirements of the Urban Areas and Cities
Act, County Government Act, Planning Standards and Guidelines.
CERTIFIED BY:
County Director In-Charge of Land Use Planning.
Signature ……………………………………………..Date………………………………….
REVIEWED BY:
Chief Officer In-Charge of Land Use Planning.
Signature ……………………………………………. Date………………………………….
RECOMMENDED BY:
CECM In-Charge of Land Use Planning.
Signature ……………………………………………. Date………………………………….
APPROVED BY
MAKUENI COUNTY ASSEMBLY
HANSARD No…………………………………
Signature ……………………………………………. Date………………………………….
The Governor
Prof. Kivutha Kibwana
Departmental Reference No. _____________________
Approved Development Plan No. ____________________
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................................. v
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................... v
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................... vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background of the plan ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Vision statement ................................................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Mission ................................................................................................................................................ 2
1.4 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................ 2
1.5 Scope of the plan ................................................................................................................................. 2
1.6 Principles of the plan ........................................................................................................................... 3
1.7 Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 4
1.8 Outline of the plan. ............................................................................................................................. 5
CHAPTER TWO: PLANNING CONTEXT ................................................................................................. 6
2.1 Location and context ........................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Legal and Policy Context ...................................................................................................................... 7
2.2.1 The Constitution of Kenya (2010) ................................................................................................. 7
2.2.2 Sustainable development goals (SDGs) ........................................................................................ 7
2.2.3 Vision 2030 (GOK, 2007) ............................................................................................................... 8
2.2.4 Sessional Paper No 3, The National Land policy (2009) ............................................................... 8
2.2.5 The Physical Planning Act of 1996 (Cap 286) ............................................................................... 9
2.2.6 The urban areas and cities Act, No 13 of 2011............................................................................. 9
2.2.7 National Land Commission Act (No. 5 of 2012).......................................................................... 10
iii
2.2.8 County Governments Act (No. 13 of 2012) ................................................................................ 11
2.2.9 Environmental Management and Coordination Act of 1999 ..................................................... 12
2.2.10 Makueni County Vision 2025.................................................................................................... 12
2.2.11 National urban development policy ......................................................................................... 13
2.3 Stakeholder Concerns........................................................................................................................ 13
CHAPTER THREE: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS ......................................................................................... 15
3.1 Population and Demographics .......................................................................................................... 15
3.1.1 Mortality rate .............................................................................................................................. 16
3.1.2 Birthrate and Death rate .............................................................................................................. 16
3.1.3 Fertility rate ................................................................................................................................ 16
3.1.4 Population growth rate ............................................................................................................... 16
3.1.5 Migration .................................................................................................................................... 17
3.1.6 Sex composition ......................................................................................................................... 17
3.2 Physiographic dynamics .................................................................................................................... 18
3.2.1 Topography................................................................................................................................. 18
3.2.2 Ecological conditions .................................................................................................................. 18
3.2.3 Climatic Conditions ..................................................................................................................... 18
3.3 Land Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 18
3.3.1 Land Tenure ......................................................................................................................... 18
3.3.2 Existing Land Use(s) ............................................................................................................. 18
3.4 Economy- Industry, Agriculture, Commerce ..................................................................................... 24
3.4.1 Financial Services ........................................................................................................................ 24
3.4.2 Agriculture .................................................................................................................................. 24
3.4.3 Commerce .................................................................................................................................. 25
3.4.4 Mining ......................................................................................................................................... 26
3.4.5 Quarrying .................................................................................................................................... 26
iv
3.4.6 Fisheries ...................................................................................................................................... 26
3.5 Transportation and Communication ................................................................................................. 26
3.5.1 Transport .................................................................................................................................... 26
3.5.2 Communication and Telecommunications ................................................................................. 27
3.6 Infrastructure Services ...................................................................................................................... 27
3.6.1 Water .......................................................................................................................................... 27
3.6.2 Energy ......................................................................................................................................... 28
3.6.3 Waste water management ......................................................................................................... 28
3.7 Urbanization ...................................................................................................................................... 28
3.11 Governance ..................................................................................................................................... 29
3.11.1 Gender ...................................................................................................................................... 29
3.11.2 Legislation and Enforcement .................................................................................................... 29
3.11.3 Urban Management. ................................................................................................................ 29
CHAPTER FOUR: SYNTHESIS ............................................................................................................. 30
4.1 Development challenges, opportunities and alternative interventions ........................................... 30
4.2 Alternative interventions .................................................................................................................. 32
CHAPTER FIVE: PLAN PROPOSALS STRATEGIES AND MEASURES ......................................................... 34
5.1 Town structure plan .......................................................................................................................... 34
5.2 Strategies and measures ................................................................................................................... 34
5.2.1 Transport and Infrastructure Services strategies ....................................................................... 34
5.2.2 Environmental Strategies ........................................................................................................... 37
5.2.3 Economic and Investment Strategies ......................................................................................... 39
CHAPTER SIX: ACTION PLANS ........................................................................................................... 40
CHAPTER SEVEN: IMPLEMENTATION MATRIX ................................................................................... 43
CHAPTER EIGHT: FINANCING STRATEGY ............................................................................................ 45
v
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1 A Google image showing the location of Sultan Hamud town ....................................................... 6
Figure 2 ward poupulation .......................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 3 voter poulation .............................................................................................................................. 17
Figure 4 Main source of livelihood ............................................................................................................. 26
Figure 5 Structure plan ................................................................................................................................ 34
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 population and vital statstics .......................................................................................................... 15
Table 2 urban population ............................................................................................................................. 15
Table 3 Population projections of Sultan-Hamud town. ............................................................................. 17
Table 4 health facilities ............................................................................................................................... 19
Table 5 heath personnel ............................................................................................................................... 20
Table 6:Demographic Dividend .................................................................................................................. 21
Table 7 Education Institution ...................................................................................................................... 22
Table 8 Primary school data ........................................................................................................................ 22
Table 9 Secondary school data .................................................................................................................... 23
Table 10 Tertiary institution ........................................................................................................................ 23
Table 11 Demographic dividend on Education ........................................................................................... 24
Table 12 Crop farming ................................................................................................................................ 25
Table 13 Source of livelihood ..................................................................................................................... 25
Table 14 Fisheries ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Table 15 Water and Sanitation .................................................................................................................... 28
Table 16 Electricity connection ................................................................................................................... 28
Table 17 Development challenges, opportunities and alternative interventions ......................................... 31
Table 18 Alternative interventions .............................................................................................................. 33
Table 19 Action plans .................................................................................................................................. 42
Table 20 Implementation Matrix ................................................................................................................. 44
Table 21 Financing mechanism ................................................................................................................... 47
vi
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
CBD: Central Business District
ECDE: Early Childhood Development Education
EMCA: Environmental Management and Coordination Act
GOK: Government of Kenya
NEMA: National Environmental Management Authority
NLP: National Land Policy
NMT: Non-Motorized Transport
NUDP: National Urban Development Policy
SGR: Standard Railway Gauge
UACA: Urban Areas and Cities Act
UNEP: United Nations Environmental Programme
1
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the plan
This planning report has been prepared in response to the requirement for preparation of Sultan
Hamud Urban Land Use Plan (2017– 2022) of Sultan-Hamud. The town Sultan-Hamud derives its
name from Sultan Ali Hamud who ruled Zanzibar from 1902-1911; who had camped in the town
when the construction of the Railway had reached the town to see its progress. The town lies within
Kilome Sub-County of Makueni County.
The town is located 109 Km from Nairobi and 373 Km from Mombasa. A great potentiality of the
town lies in that it lies 50 Km from the proposed site for Konza Techno City. The town is Located
along the main Mombasa-Nairobi Highway and adjacent to the Mombasa-Nairobi railway and
also the Standard Gauge Railway Passes near the town which gives the town a great restructuring
element and a pool of potential for investment in the ICT industry.
The Urban Land Use Plan of Sultan-Hamud Town was prepared as confined by the guidelines and
on the legislative framework and regulations that control a holistic process of planning. The
regulations are thereby guided by the following legislations of County Government Act (2012),
Urban Areas and Cities Act (2011) and other relevant laws that guide and control land use planning
and land resource use and management.
The planning proposals for Sultan-Hamud Town were geared towards realization and recognition
of Socio-Economic status upon providence of action areas to act as pillars and guides for
development realization and attainment.
The plan thus identifies; the planning challenges, the available resources, current management
strategies anticipating identifying means for intervention, seek relevant alternatives and come up
with relevant and most effective action plans for the town. Therefore upon and under consideration
of the planning principles for attainment of the perceived product of the holistic planning process
of the town is the resultant of a full inclusive process of the entire town’s community through a
transparent participatory and informative process.
The town is set to be the industrial zone for the County Government of Makueni. This necessitates
for the need to plan the town. Nevertheless the towns land use plan with resultant effect on the land
2
use management, need to establish a guide to management committees for the town, the
deteriorating status of the town with some areas developing to squalor and decay, service provision
like water and waste management, the congestion especially along the main highway by long haul
trucks and provision for street lighting. Coupled on these the Standard Gauge Railway that passes
the town would require in place a plan that would control the land use pattern.
1.2 Vision statement
Sultan- Hamud town as an industrial and investment Hub for Makueni County.
1.3 Mission
The Mission of this plan is to: have a spatial framework to guide development of Sultan Hamud
Town
1.4 Objectives
1. To develop land use plan to enhance development control and to manage land of the
town.
2. To identify the resources base in the area for effective planning.
3. To open up the town and increase accessibility
4. To create strategies for resource utilization, mobilization and intervention.
5. To form criterion for prioritization for funding from both the government and the private
sectors on identified projects for development.
6. To regulate vehicle congestion and seek alternative intervention especially along the main
highway traversing the town.
7. To have a proper mechanism of management and governance for the town.
8. To improve and necessitate modalities for security and service provision.
9. To control environmental decay and pollution
10. To have a clear path line for handling both solid and liquid waste
11. To provide and develop sustainable human environmental and resource system;
1.5 Scope of the plan
The Sultan-Hamud Integrated Urban Development Plan covers five years 2016-2021; however
upon inception the plan would be subjected to annual reviews. The plan initiation for function
3
within the time frame of five years of which upon expiry of this period though supposedly is subject
to change but it can also be withheld to function for another term as it deems well to the
stakeholders. The plan covers the whole town boundary of an area of ……Ha.
The expected outputs of the whole planning process include:
A situational analysis of the current resource base of the Sultan-Hamud town;
Working on the widely accepted vision for the town’s development;
A detailed structure plan depicting specific land use and zoning regulations (code);
Sector strategies including transportation, investment/economic, settlement/housing
environmental management, disaster management and cultural heritage preservation plan;
1.6 Principles of the plan
i. Sustainable development: - the plan is enhancing sustainable utilization of resources for
the current generation without compromising the needs for future generation.
ii. Land use compatibility:-the plan encourages conformity of land uses to enhance order
and harmonious living conditions
iii. Equitable distribution of resource: - the plan aims at promoting equal distribution
resources and optimal use of natural resources.
iv. Enhanced accessibility:-the ULUP supports opening up of access roads and tarmacking
of existing all-weather roads to other nodes.
v. Environmental conservation:–the ULUP for Emali town promotes environmental
sustainability balancing, social, economic and environmental needs;
vi. Promote aesthetics:–the ULUP for Emali supports establishment of landscaping of the
town to ensure aesthetic impression and beauty is restored.
vii. Inclusivity- Multi-sectorial, multidisciplinary and participatory approach: - The plan
follows all-inclusive process. It requires that all stakeholder groups are represented: local
direct and indirect users, public authorities, private investors, NGOs and CBOs.
viii. Land use balance: –The plan will ensure equity and adequate allocation of land uses
4
1.7 Methodology
The planning process was informed by the following stages;
i. Identification of the need to plan
Profiling involved holding meetings with the relevant authorities such as; the physical Planning
department and representatives from the local community. During reconnaissance the consultants
were able to acquaint themselves with the planning area, and the planning issues requiring
intervention. A detailed situational analysis was done taking to consideration the anticipated
population growth, needs assessment, scope and reconnaissance survey.
ii. First Stakeholders Meeting
This involved delineating the planning area, constitution of project management committee and
stakeholder analysis The stakeholders were drawn from various groups that included; business
community, the informal (jua-kali) sector, neighborhood associations, religious associations, civil
society, service providers, Industrial sector, education and health institutions, local authority,
relevant government departments (Lands, survey, planning, public health, public works, water,
environment, agriculture etc). The stakeholders were also informed on the need to plan the
Municipality.
iii. Issuance of intention to plan notice to the public
Notification for intent to plan Sultan Hamud was made in the print media by the Director in-charge
of land use planning, County Government of Makueni. The advert was also used as part of
sensitization and awareness to members of the public. The publication was done in two local
dailies. (Daily Nation and Taifa Leo)
iv. Base map preparation
This involved picking and plotting of all existing property boundaries, natural features, public
utilities, physical and social infrastructure.
v. Primary and secondary data collection
Several methods of data collection were used in preparation of this plan. This include observation,
focused group discussions, interviews, photography, imagery, baseline information (population,
economic base, infrastructure, existing land uses) and existing literature.
vi. Data analysis, interpretation and presentation
5
Descriptive methods of analysis aided with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was
used. Analyzed data was presented in the form of maps, simple frequency tables, charts,
photographs plates and figures.
vii. Preparation of the draft plan.
This involved preparation of draft Urban Land use Plan for Sultan Hamud that was eventually
presented to stakeholders’ workshop for deliberation and validation.
1.8 Outline of the plan.
After the introduction part the rest of this Proposals and Strategies Report (PSR) is organized as
follows:
Part II: Planning Context.
This gives the Details of the current situation in of the town giving the sectoral and thematic
constraints in the Town that limit or hold behind development for and environmentally sustainable
Town.
Part III: Situational Analysis
Gives the detail of the spatial development models.
Part IV Synthesis
Presents forth the strategies, measures, actions plans and implementation framework.
6
CHAPTER TWO: PLANNING CONTEXT
2.1 Location and context
Sultan-Hamud which forms part of Makueni County in Kilome Sub-County, has been set as
industrial center for the Makueni county Government. The town is approximately 109 Kilometers
from Nairobi the capital of Kenya and is 373 Kilometers from Mombasa. The town is in Nzaui
Ward in Kilome Sub-county of Makueni County. The town is located on map approximate on
coordinate at the reference UTM: CT 17 the Geographical coordinates in decimal degrees
(WGS84) of the town are Latitude:-2.017 and Longitude:-37.367; While in degrees minutes
seconds is Latitude:-2 01’00” and Longitude: 37 22’00” and at elevation of about 600-700 metres
above sea level. The town is located along the main Mombasa-Nairobi Highway traverses the town
as well as the recently constructed Standard Railway Gauge (SGR).
Figure 1 A Google image showing the location of Sultan Hamud town
7
2.2 Legal and Policy Context
This section reviews relevant policy and legal instruments that guide the preparation of integrated
development plans in Kenya. Only relevant sections are reviewed as they relate to planning and
this is carried out in the sections that follow.
2.2.1 The Constitution of Kenya (2010)
Chapter five of the constitution covers the section of land and the environment. Subsection 67(h)
gives mandate to the National Land Commission to have oversight responsibility over land use
planning throughout the country (GOK, 2010). In section 66(i), the constitution provides that the
state may regulate the use of any land or any interest in or right over any land in the interest of
defense, public safety, public order, public morality, public health or land use planning. In section
69 (i) the state shall ensure to achieve and maintain a tree cover of at least 10% of the land area in
Kenya. Every person has a duty to cooperate with state organs and other persons to protect and
conserve the environment and ensure ecologically sustainable development and use of natural
resources. In the current legal provisional provided under the Physical Planning Act, plan
preparation is the responsibility of the Director of Physical Planning. This responsibility could still
be in the same institution of the Director. However a new provision in the new dispensational order
is that the National Land Commissioner shall have the oversight responsibility over land use
planning and this means that the Director of Physical Planning shall either work under the National
Land Commissioner or shall report to the National Land Commissioner. The second point to note
is that the government places high regard for land use planning and therefore the government shall
regulate any land for the sake of planning. This means that no land is exempted from the subject
of planning. Thirdly, the issue of the environment is given high priority and therefore the
government intends to raise forest cover in the country to at least 10%. The overall preparation of
this plan should be seen in the context of supporting the provisions of the constitution.
2.2.2 Sustainable development goals (SDGs)
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) build upon the progress of the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs), which were agreed by governments in 2001 and expired in 2015.
While the MDGs focused on reducing extreme poverty in all its forms (currently SDG 1), the SDGs
pursue a broader agenda that encompasses the social, environmental and economic aspects of
sustainable development, which is relevant for all countries worldwide. Goal 11 seeks to make
8
cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. The SDGs come into effect
in a world that is increasingly urban. A little over half the global population now lives in cities and
this figure is projected to grow to two-thirds of the global population by 2050. For cities and
municipalities that are working to improve the quality of life in urban environments, the SDGs
provide a roadmap for more balanced and equitable urban development. The mounting challenges
posed by climate change, environmental degradation, food security, and civil unrest and violence,
need different development solutions from those of the previous century. The SDGs offer a set of
integrated objectives which can help to bring about a more sustainable vision of urban
development, one that provides equal opportunities to all inhabitants, promotes healthy living
environments with access to green spaces, and is resilient in the face of everyday disasters and
climate risks.
2.2.3 Vision 2030 (GOK, 2007)
Vision 2030 envisages attaining three pillars: the economic pillar, the social pillar and the political
pillar. In section 5.4 of vision 2030, under the economic pillar, the policy states that Kenya aims to
increase forest cover from 3-4% and reduce environmental related diseases. The state shall address
issues of climate change and disaster preparedness, solid waste management and water catchments
protection and management. In section 5.5.vision 2030 talks of housing and urbanization. The
section acknowledges that the planning of towns is in a sorry state and recommends high quality
urban planning and in particular says ‘’there is an acute need, for an effective capacity for regional
and urban development planning, starting with adequate housing for those now living in slums.
Vision 2030 therefore is in consonance with the letter and spirit of the constitution and in particular
aims to support urban planning initiatives and support environmental conservation through
increased forest cover. The preparation of Integrated Development Plan has attempted to fulfill
the two objectives of the constitution and vision 2030 through the preparation of the environmental
conservation strategy and the overall plan which aims to promote harmonized development.
2.2.4 Sessional Paper No 3, The National Land policy (2009)
In section 24 and 25,the National Land Policy (NLP) recognizes that rapid urbanization, general
disregard for land use planning regulations and multiplicity of legal regimes related to land has
impacted among other things 25 (h) uncontrolled development, urban squalor and environmental
pollution. In section 39 the NLP provides that in order to establish a firm foundation for land policy
9
reform, the constitution respect the following principles (g) regulation of the use of all categories
of land in the public interest. 3.2.1 Regulation of property rights: In section 51, the NLP provides
that the government shall (a) align the power of development control with new categories of land
ownership (coverage) (b) Empower all planning institutions in the country to regulate the use of
land taking into account the public interest(c) Harmonize the institutional framework for
development control (d) establish development control standards procedures and practices (e)
ensure effective enforcement of development control etc. The NLP takes cognizance of the
important role of planning promises to deal with land tenure policies which make planning
ineffective. Two, the NLP aims to harmonize the institutional issues in order to promote land use
planning through the mandate of police. While planning, it was recognized that most of the land is
either trust land (now communal) or private. The plan proposals are therefore made on land not
available for the purpose for which the plan has proposed. It is envisaged however that the
government can still use the mandate of police power and eminent domain provided for in the
constitution to bring the plan into fruition as promised in the NLP.
2.2.5 The Physical Planning Act of 1996 (Cap 286)
Part IV of the Physical Planning Act, sections 16-28, provides for the preparation, purposes, and
implementation of physical development plans and for connected purposes. The provisions of this
Act apply to all parts of the country and in all land tenure systems except such areas that the
minister may by notice in the gazette specify. The Act further empowers the Local Authorities
(County government) to regulate and exercise control over Physical development decisions and
activities within their area of jurisdiction in accordance to the approved Physical development plan.
It should be noted however that this statute has not been effective on land tenure areas such as rural
freehold land. It should also be noted that the new constitution, Sessional paper No 3 , the National
Land policy, Urban areas and cities Act (2011), County Government Act (2012) and the Land Act
(2012) herald a new land administration and a new institutional arrangement which shall require
the Physical Planning Act to be reviewed as well.
2.2.6 The urban areas and cities Act, No 13 of 2011
The important provision in this Act is that upon its enactment and adoption, the Local Government
Act (cap 265) shall be repealed. Part iv of the Act provides that urban areas and cities shall be
managed by a board appointed by the county executive committee and others nominated by the
professional bodies for 5 years. Small towns shall be run by a committee appointed by a governor
10
and approved by the county assembly. Section 36(1) provides that every city and municipality shall
operate within the framework of integrated development planning which shall give effect to
development of urban areas and be a basis of development control.
Section 36(2) provides that an integrated urban or city development plan shall bind, guide and
inform all development and decisions and ensure comprehensive inclusion of all functions.
Section 36 (3) A county government shall initiate an urban planning process for every settlement
with a population of at least 2,000 residents. Section 39 of the UACA provides for the process of
plan preparation and approval as follows: (i) A Municipal or city management board or a town
management committee shall within the first year of its election to office adopt a single, inclusive
strategic plan for the development of the city or urban areas for which its responsible (ii) A city or
urban area shall within 14 days of the adoption of the plan give notice to the public (iii) within a
period of 21 days, the city or municipal board or town management committee shall provide the
county executive committee with a copy of the integrated plan (iv) Within a period of 30 days, the
executive committee shall pass over the plan to the (v) county assembly for its scrutiny and
approval.
The Urban areas and Cities Act gives emphasis to the mandatory preparation of integrated urban
development plans by all city and Municipal councils to guide development in all the areas under
their jurisdiction. The LGA (CAP 265) has been repealed and replaced with Urban Areas and Cities
Act (2011) and the Governor shall initiate planning and plan shall be scrutinized by county
management Committee and approved by County Assembly.
2.2.7 National Land Commission Act (No. 5 of 2012)
Pursuant to Article 67(2) of the constitution, the functions of the Commission shall be:
(h) To monitor the oversight responsibilities over land use planning throughout the country.
This act insists and affirms what is in the constitution of Kenya under article (67) on the mandate
of the national land commission concerning land and planning there on. Some of this mandates are:
To manage public land on behalf of the national Government and county governments as
well as to recommend a national land policy to the national government;
11
To advise the national government on The National Land Commission Act, 2012
comprehensive programme for the registration of title in land throughout Kenya.
They will be the watch dog of any planning work being carried out, by monitoring and
having oversight responsibilities over land use planning throughout the country.
ensure that public land and land under the management of designated state agencies are
sustainably managed for their intended purpose and for future generations;
Develop and maintain an effective land information management system at national and
county levels, also constitute a way to manage and administer all unregistered trust land
and unregistered community land on behalf of the County government.
Take any measures it considers necessary to ensure compliance with the principles of land
policy set out in Article 60 (1) of the Constitution
This, therefore points out the National Land Commission as a major stakeholder in
preparing of development plan by the fact that a big portion of the planning area is public
land.
2.2.8 County Governments Act (No. 13 of 2012)
This is act of parliament to give effect to chapter 11 of the Constitution of Kenya 2010. Section 5
(1) states that a county government shall be responsible for any function assigned to it under the
constitution or by an Act of Parliament. (2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), a
County Government shall be responsible for- (c) Functions provided for in Article 186 and assigned
in the Fourth Schedule of the Constitution;
Section 37 gives power to the county executive committee to;
a) Monitor the process of planning, formulation and adoption of the integrated development
plan by a city or municipality within the county;
b) Assist a city or municipality with the planning, formulation, adoption and review of its integrated
development plan;
c) Facilitate the coordination and alignment of integrated development plans of different cities
or municipalities within the county and within the plans, strategies and programmers of national
and county governments; and
12
d) Take appropriate steps to resolve any disputes or difference in connection with the planning,
formulation, adoption or review of an integrated development plan.
2.2.9 Environmental Management and Coordination Act of 1999
‘An ACT of Parliament to provide for the establishment of an appropriate legal and institutional
framework for the management of the environment and for the matters connected therewith and
incidental thereto’
It aims at promoting a safe, clean and healthy environment. Section 4 provides for the establishment
of Environmental Conflict Management Authority, while Section 7 provides for the establishment
of National Environmental Management Authority. Section 58 of this Act requires that every
development project likely to have impacts on the environment to undergo an environmental
impact assessment before commencement of any works. According to the Act’s second schedule,
preparation of local physical development plans fall under the projects required to undergo
environmental impacts assessment.
2.2.10 Makueni County Vision 2025
Chapter four on Strategic approaches to economic transformation indicates that one strategic
approach to economic transformation is Enhanced Urban Planning and Infrastructural
Development. The County Government will:
Seek to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in physical planning, development control
services to ensure that all urban areas are planned, and that development plans are approved
for implementation.
Where the plans have already been approved, the County Government will continue to
implement those.
Develop the roads within urban centers, parking zones; develop a water and sewage system
and install lighting to increase hours of trading.
Develop a sewerage master plan.
Earmark public land for development of public utilities, and establishment of industrial
parks.
In this regard, the county government has prepared the development plan which if well
implemented will spur growth in economy and orderly use of land.
13
2.2.11 National urban development policy
The preparation of a National Urban Development Policy is part of the Government’s efforts to
implement the provisions on urban development contained in the Constitution and in the Kenya
Vision 2030 – Kenya’s blueprint to become a middle-income country within two decades.
NUDP is expected to substantially contribute towards poverty reduction, economic growth, and
faster realization of Kenya’s Vision 2030. It was expected to be concluded within the first medium
plan of vision 2030(2008-2012) and implemented during the subsequent medium term plans. If
well implemented, the NUDP is expected to substantially contribute towards poverty reduction,
economic growth, and faster realization of Kenya’s Vision 2030 as broken down in medium term
plan. This will be guided by the themes addressed by the Policy which are: urban governance and
management; the urban economy; urban finance; national and County urban planning; land,
environment and climate change; social infrastructure and services; physical infrastructure and
services; urban housing; urban safety and disaster risk management; and marginalized and
vulnerable groups.
2.3 Stakeholder Concerns
The main concerns highlighted by stakeholders were:
Parking space
Dumping site
Uncontrolled development
Poor access roads/lanes
Poor drainage
Lack of sewerage system
Street lighting
Liquid and solid waste management
Market sites.
Motorized and non-motorized transport conflict
Street naming
Inadequate and safe water supply
Lack of industrial sites
14
The challenges highlighted through the stakeholders forums are the key concerns that have given
rise to the following;
Environmental degradation
Distorting the order of settlement
Inefficient delivery and provision of services
15
CHAPTER THREE: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
3.1 Population and Demographics
Sultan-Hamud has in the recent past years experienced an increased growth rate of above 3%. This
is the possibility of the main connector of the Nairobi-Mombasa highway and the Mombasa-
Nairobi railway. The new Standard Gauge Railway is the other key determinant of the increase in
the population.
Population and Vital Statistics
Population Census 2009 Projected 2015 Projected 2017
Total 38,348 41,684 42,859
Male 18,987 20,639 21,221
Female 19,361 21,045 21,638
Sex
Ratio(Female:Male)
102:100 93,400 93,567
Table 1 population and vital statstics
Census 2009 2015 Projected 2017 Projected
Urban Population
Female 1,812 1,971 1,999
Male 2,336 2,541 2,576
Total 4,118 4,512 4,575
Rural Population
Female 17,549 19,087 19,356
Male 16,651 18,110 18,365
Total 34,200 37,197 37,721
Table 2 urban population
16
Figure 2 ward poupulation
3.1.1 Mortality rate
Mortality rate is defines as the total number of deaths per 1000 of a population in a year. The
mortality rate (‘000) is 400 and infant mortality rate is 36 per 1,000 live births in Makueni County.
3.1.2 Birthrate and Death rate
The crude birth rate is the number of live births occurring among the population of a given
geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given
geographical area during the same year. Crude birth rate in Makueni county (‘000) is 36.2 while
the Crude death rate (‘000) is 11.9 which is slightly higher the national Crude death rate (‘000) of
10.4
3.1.3 Fertility rate
Total fertility rate is 5.1 children per woman, fertility is the key parameter that determines the size
and structure of a population. The county has a high fertility rate of 5 children per woman.
3.1.4 Population growth rate
The County’s population growth rate is 1.4% which is slower than the Country’s rate of 2.6 %.
This can be attributed to several development challenges such as scarce rural population, low
birthrate in the region, and economic and household lifestyle.
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
Census 2009 Projected 2015 Projected 2017
19
,36
1
21
,04
5
21
,63
8
18,9
87
20
,63
9
21
,22
1
Ward Population
Male
Female
17
3.1.5 Migration
According to the 2009 census, migration rate in Makueni County is 10.1% while the nation
migration rate is 20.9%. Migration of the population from rural to urban areas has increased due to
better economic, health, trade, education and cultural infrastructure in upcoming urban centers in
the county such as Sultan Hamud.
3.1.6 Sex composition
The female to male ratio in Makueni County 105:100. The ratio of female to male is vital for
development planning. It is important in monitoring various aspects of social development as they
relate to gender.
Population projections of Sultan-Hamud town.
Population Census 2009 Projected 2015 Projected 2017
Total 38,348 41,684 42,859
Male 18,987 20,639 21,221
Female 19,361 21,045 21,638
Sex
Ratio(Female:Male)
102:100
Table 3 Population projections of Sultan-Hamud town.
Figure 3 voter poulation
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
Year 2013 Projected 2015 Projected 2017
23
,13
9
25
,16
6 25,8
81
14,6
66
15
,95
1 16,4
04
Voter Population
Eligible Voting Population:
Total Registered Voters In The Ward:
18
3.2 Physiographic dynamics
3.2.1 Topography
At the reference UTM: CT 17 the Geographical coordinates in decimal degrees (WGS84) of the
town are Latitude:-2.017 and Longitude:-37.367; While in degrees minutes seconds is Latitude:-2
01’00” and Longitude: 37 22’00”
3.2.2 Ecological conditions
Sultan-Hamud has a tropical climate. In comparison the summers have high rainfall than the winter
The average annual rainfall is about 736 mm and average temperatures of 21.2 0 C. the driest
month of the year is July with 1 mm of precipitation, while in November precipitation reaches its
peak with an average of 173.
3.2.3 Climatic Conditions
The town of experiences a Tropical Savanna type of climate. It experiences two rain seasons; short
rains in November to December and Long Rains from March to May. It experiences temperatures
of above 21.20 C (70.2 F).
3.3 Land Analysis
3.3.1 Land Tenure
Categorically there are three types of land tenure in Kenya which are; Community Land, Private
Land and Public Land.
3.3.2 Existing Land Use(s)
The existing land use is majorly characterized of commercial developments which majority is
Hotels, Bars, Eateries and Joints. These developments are majorly concentrated along the main
corridor of the town which is the Mombasa-Nairobi highway. Sultan-Hamud town has various
areas that specifically provide following services which include educational, administration, public
purposes, public utilities transportation, recreational, residential and for commercial connected
purposes thereon.
The Nairobi-Mombasa highway, Mombasa-Nairobi railway and the Standard Gauge Railway make
a great influence to land use in the town. The proximal location to the proposed site for Konza
Techno City also is great areas of interest to land use in the town.
19
3.3.2.1 Administrative Offices
The town hosts a number of administrative offices which include chief’s office, CDF office for
kilome constituency, and NGO’S offices among others.
3.3.2.2 Health
The town has designated health facilities in place which are both public and private. They include
the following health facilities as in the below;
Health Statistic
Total Number of Public Health Facilities 7
Number of public health facilities connected to
electricity
6
Number of health facilities with piped water supply 3
Number of Sub County (Level 4) 1
Number of Hospitals (Missions/NGOs) 2
Number of Dispensaries/level 2 (public) 6
Number of Dispensaries (Missions/ NGOs) 2
Table 4 health facilities
Health Personnel
Health Personnel Statistics
Total number of medical personnel(all practitioners) 88
Total number of doctors in the ward 3
Doctor: Population ratio 1:13,895
Number of nurses in the ward 66
Nurse: Population ratio 1:632
Number of clinical officers in the ward 7
Dentist 1
Pharmacist 1
Lab technologist 3
20
Occupational therapist 1
Orthopedic technologists 1
Physiotherapists 2
Gynecologists (Roving) 1
Public Health Officers 7
Plaster Technician 1
Radiographer 1
Pharmaceutical Technologist 5
Records Officers 2
Table 5 heath personnel
Demographic Dividend Components
Demographic Dividend
Components
Indicators Makueni Kenya Targets/
Recommended
Doctor/Population
Ratio
1 : 22,712 1 : 5,678 1:10,000
Nurse/Population
Ratio
1 : 1,932 1 : 1,431 1:1000
No Type Sub
Location
Electricity
Connection
Bed
capacity
1. Public Sub County Hospital Yes 158
2. Public Dispensary Yes -
3. Public Dispensary No -
4. Public Dispensary Yes -
5. Private Clinic No -
6. Private Clinic No -
7. Private Clinic Yes -
8. Private Clinic Yes -
9. Private Clinic Yes -
21
10. Private Clinic Yes -
11. Private Clinic Yes -
12. Private Clinic Yes -
13. Private Clinic Yes -
14. Private Clinic Yes -
15. Private Clinic Yes -
16. Private Clinic Yes -
17. Mission Dispensaries Yes -
Table 6:Demographic Dividend
3.3.2.3 Recreation
The town has designated zones for stadium, a Social hall Public Park(s) and Open Spaces though
they are not developed. Alternatively the town uses the playing fields in the local schools which
include Joana Chase Secondary and Mtito Primary schools
3.3.2.4 Industrial
The town is set to be one of the Industrial Zones in Makueni County and therefore would much
provision for the much anticipated vision for the town. The town has no major industrial zones
though with a great industrial potential. With GZ an Nigerian Company proposing to set a Hides
Industry in the town would need much provision for the allocation of land in the town
3.3.2.5 Residential
The town has developments that are for residential purposes serving the most of travelers. Though
much of developments are of mixed use development with commercial purposes and residential
purposes.
3.3.2.6 Religious Institutions
Sultan-Hamud town has both the Muslims and Christians sects of worship. There is a mosque just
directly opposite of the Nairobi stage. There are several churches in the town of various
denominations.
3.3.2.7 Education Institutions
Pre- school: Statistic
22
Number of public ECDE schools in 2015 52
Number of Private ECDE centres in 2015 12
Total ECDE Centres in 2015 64
Enrolment in public ECDE schools 2,016
Enrolment in private ECDE Centres 347
Total Number of ECDE Learners in 2015 2,363
Number of County Government teachers 39
Number of PTA teachers 30
Private ECDE teachers 21
Total Number of ECDE teachers in 2015 90
Teacher/ pupil ratio in 2015 1:26
Table 7 Education Institution
Primary School Data Statistic
Number Of Public Primary Schools In 2015 40
Number Of Public Primary Schools Connected To Electricity 30
Number Of Private Primary Schools In 2015 5
Number Of Private Primary Schools Connected To Electricity 5
Number Of Teachers In 2015 323
Number Of Primary Schools In 2014 42
Number Of Teachers In 2014 323
Teacher/ Pupil Ratio In 2015 1:32
Teacher/ Pupil Ratio In 2014 1:34
Total Enrolment In 2015 10,253
Total Enrolment In 2014 11,038
Average Years Of Attendance In Primary School 8
Table 8 Primary school data
Secondary Schools data in 2015 Statistics
Number of public secondary schools in 2015 18
23
Number of public secondary schools connected to electricity 18
Number of private secondary schools in 2015 5
Number of private secondary schools connected to electricity 5
Number of teachers in 2015 124
Teacher/ pupil ratio in 2015 1:34
Total enrolment in 2015 4,212
Number of secondary schools in 2014 20
Number of teachers in 2014 119
Teacher/ pupil ratio in 2014 1:32
Total enrolment in 2014 3,846
Average years of attendance in secondary school 4
Table 9 Secondary school data
Tertiary institution
Public universities (No) 0
Private Universities (No) 0
University Campus/ Colleges (No) 0
National Polytechnics 0
Science & Technology Institute (No) 0
Other Public Colleges (No. by type) 0
Youth Polytechnics 01(new)-Kitumbini Ctti
Trades in CTTIs 0
Total Number of instructors 2014 0
Total Number of instructors 2015 0
Total Number of Trainees 2014 0
Private Non- Accredited college by type 0
Table 10 Tertiary institution
Demographic Dividend Components
24
Demographic
Dividend
Components
Indicators Makueni Kenya Targets/
Recommended
ECDE
EDUCATION
ECDE pupil/Instructor Ratio 21:1 No Data 40:1
PRIMARY
SCHOOL
Primary School Pupil/Teacher
Ratio
38 : 1 52 : 1 40:1
SECONDARY
SCHOOL
Secondary School
Pupil/Teacher Ratio
33 : 1 31 : 1 40:1
TERTIARY None 17.2% 25.2% 0
PRIMARY Primary 62% 52% 100%
SECONDARY Secondary + 20.8% 22.8% 100%
Table 11 Demographic dividend on Education
3.4 Economy- Industry, Agriculture, Commerce
3.4.1 Financial Services
Financial services in the town are provided by the local banking Agents of Equity Bank,
Cooperative Bank, Kenya Commercial Bank. With the available Banking institutions in the area
of KCB Kenya women Finance Trust also offer financial services to the local residents.
Safaricom M-pesa service providers also act as financial assistance through the provision of money
deposits, withdrawal and electronic money transfers.
Existence of Savings and Credit Cooperative Organization also aid in the financial management in
the area for example the Universal Traders Sacco Has got a branch in the town.
3.4.2 Agriculture
The town is surrounded at its periphery by rich agricultural land whose owners undertake small
scale farming activities in production of subsistence farming. However the areas are under
challenge of the urban growth sprawling up to this areas of the town.
25
Crop Farming Statistics
Average Farm Size(Small Scale)-Hectares 3
Average Farm Size(Large Scale)-Hectares 10 Ha
Percentage Of Farmers With Title Deeds 25%
Total Area Under Food Crops 3,500
Total Area Under Soil/Land Conservation 2,500
Total Area Under Horticultural Crops 25
Total Area Under Farm Forestry 20
Total Area Under Cash Crops 5
Total Area Under Organic Farming 2
Main Storage Facilities(Granary)( Number) 1,880
Table 12 Crop farming
3.4.3 Commerce
Majorly the town is a commercial center serving both the locals and the travelers. With this fact
the town has many developments which are Hotels Bars with Lodgings to offer Hospitality services
to travelers with key targets to truck drivers who form the bulk of their customers.
Main Source of Livelihood Statistics
Family Agricultural Holding 27.3
Work for pay 24.4
Fulltime Student 18.2
Family Business 10.8
Retired/ Homemaker 9.1
No work 8.6
Intern/Volunteer 1
Incapacitated 0.7
Table 13 Source of livelihood
26
Figure 4 Main source of livelihood
3.4.4 Mining
The area though no extensive mining is done there are deposits of Kyanite in the area. A great
resource in the area is the limestone which is also unexploited.
3.4.5 Quarrying
Quarrying is done in the area mainly for provision of construction purposes though control needs
to be put in place to maintain the ecosystem and the topography of the town.
3.4.6 Fisheries
Fisheries Statistics
Fish Farmers 47
Fish Ponds 62
Production In Kgs 752Kgs
Table 14 Fisheries
3.5 Transportation and Communication
3.5.1 Transport
Sultan-Hamud lies on the main Nairobi-Mombasa Highway class 109A road and also on the main
Mombasa-Nairobi railway and is a junction of a short branch line.
27%
24%18%
11%
9%
11%
Main source of Livelihood in Percentage
Family Agricultural Holding
Work for pay
Fulltime Student
Family Business
Retired/ Homemaker
Other Sources
27
There are airports nearby in the town which include Ngore (code: FR31331) Airport which is small
airport 27 nm at bearing of 66 east and ( code: HKAM) a medium airport 32 nm at bearing of 120
east.
3.5.2 Communication and Telecommunications
The town enjoys an extensive connection by communication service providers which include the
Safaricom, Airtel and orange among others. There are several BTS in the area erected to maintain
the communication purposes. There is a Post office in the town.
3.6 Infrastructure Services
3.6.1 Water
Tanathi Water Service Board (TWSB) is a major provider for water in the town through piping it
to the area. However therein are challenges to this supply of water as its inadequate and provision
is impaired by pipe breakages from various massive construction projects in the area like the
Construction of the Standard Gauge Railway. Boreholes that have been sunk in the area and Rain
water catchment also provide water to the residents in the town. An expected water service
provision is the proposed construction of dams by the County Government of Makueni.
Another major water provider is the Norah-Toresh organization which is a Non-Governmental
Organization based in the area
Water and Sanitation Sector Statistics
Household with access to piped water 2,660
Households with access to improved water sources 3,683
Number of permanent rivers None
Number of shallow wells 8
protected springs 1
Un-Protected Springs 2
Water Pans 8
Earth Dams 12
Sand Dams 12
Functional Bore Holes 15
Non-Functional Boreholes 8
28
HH With Roof Catchment Systems -
Schools With Rain Water Catchment -
Mean Distance Nearest Water Point (Km) 4 Kms
Table 15 Water and Sanitation
3.6.2 Energy
The national electricity grid pas ses through the town which provides the town with power
which is used for lighting. Though the area experiences many power breakdown and therefore
calling for a much sustainable source of energy. The area has potential for both Solar and Wind
power though hardly being utilized by the residents. The Kenya Electricity Transmission
Cooperative (KENTRACO) with its 153 Km of 132 kV Mwingi – Kitui – Wote – Sultan-Hamud
Line thereby passing through the town.
Electricity connection Statistic
Number of Trading center with electricity 30
Number of Trading centers without electricity 7
Number of Health facilities with electricity 4
Number of Health facilities without electricity 6
Number of Primary schools with electricity 30
Number of Primary schools without electricity 10
Number of Secondary schools with electricity 23
Number of Secondary schools without electricity 0
Table 16 Electricity connection
3.6.3 Waste water management
Waste water is poorly managed as much is left to waste as its not recycled. Thus measures should
be undertaken to provision of waste water management through recycling of the same.
3.7 Urbanization
Since the construction Mombasa-Nairobi railway reached Sultan-Hamud the area picked its pace
in development with the greatest opportunity that was laid down secondly by the Nairobi-
Mombasa highway. Throughout the periods of the establishment of these two major projects which
foresaw the growth of this town the advent of SGR recoupled its growth and coincidence of events
29
leading to proposal of Konza Techno City proximal to the town have seen the growth of the town
revitalized. However though the town on rise it is experiencing challenges associated with
urbanization of; Population increase as compared to facilities available and service delivery,
Pollution and issues associated with waste management and their disposal therein. Uncontrolled
development and increased cases of encroachment of reserves.
3.11 Governance
3.11.1 Gender
The town like many other urbanizing towns faces the same challenge of gender in their urban
management. Representation in the stakeholders committees and forums is an indication to that.
Though with the presentation of this integrated urban development plan the gender is put into
consideration to put both gender to consideration in the formation of town committees to man the
town.
3.11.2 Legislation and Enforcement
The department of lands, mining and physical planning has finalized the preparation of the
following bills for onward submission to the county assembly for approval;
i. Spatial planning.
ii. Housing.
iii. Street naming.
iv. Planning regulations
3.11.3 Urban Management.
Project management committees oversee projects done by different departments. Urban
management boards are set to be established by the end of the year once the municipal structures
are set.
30
CHAPTER FOUR: SYNTHESIS
4.1 Development challenges, opportunities and alternative interventions
Z
O
N
E
SUITABILITY ECOLO
GICAL
LY
FRAGI
LE
AREAS
CHALLENGES OPPORTUNITIES
O Low Density
Residential Housing
Medium Density
Housing
High Density
Housing
No Waste disposal
Mixed use
Waste water management
Accessibility
Encroachment to reserves
Lighting
Water supply
Availability of
undeveloped land
Proximity to the highway
The Standard Gauge
Railway
1 Industrial Yes Waste disposal
Accessibility
Source of power
Environmental pollution
Water supply
Space for industrial sites
Electricity supply
Wind and solar power
Available mineral
deposits
Road network
connection
2 Educational No Sanitation
Grabbing of Allocated land
for educational purpose
Water source
Lighting
Topography is
favourable for setting up
institutions
Solar and wind power
3 Recreational No Encroachment
Political will
Funding for development
Available space
Development control
Land use plan in place
31
4 Public purpose No Waste management
Environmental pollution
Encroachment
Street lighting
Accessibility
Tree cover and aesthetics
Zoning plan available
Wind and solar power
availability
Favourable climate
5 Commercial No Accessibility
Sanitation
Lighting
Encroachment
Waste disposal
Storm water drainage
Peripheral development
along transport corridors
Water supply
Undulating landscape for
sewer lines setting
Power availability
Location of main
highway
Location of the standard
gauge railway line
6 Public utility No Sanitation
Maintenance
Accessibility
Waste disposal
Infrastructure
unavailability
Topography
Local man power to man
maintenance
7 Transport No Unconfined development to
the transport available
Environmental pollution
Congestion
Conflict of motorized and
non-motorized transport
Street lighting
Street naming
Man on foot security
Development control and
land use legislation
available
Parking space available
Source of power
Table 17 Development challenges, opportunities and alternative interventions
32
4.2 Alternative interventions
Encroachment of riparian Development control
Riparian reserve protection
Planting of trees along the river reserve
Drainage Storm water catchment
Control of erosion
Lighting Installation of flood lights
Street lighting
Insecurity Opening up of access roads
Street lighting
Opening of undeveloped lands
Waste management Dumping site
Waste collectors
Vehicle congestion Relocation of vehicles parking along the highway
Upgrading the existing parking to accommodate more
vehicles
Wetland protection Development control
Topography Quarry refilling to their original state
Erosion control measures
Labor force Control migration through creating local sources of
income and social economic empowerment
Solar power generation Setting up solar panels
Mixed use development Development control
Land use legislation
Quarrying Controlled quarrying
Refilling of galleys
Soil erosion Setting up of gabions
Planting of trees
33
Central business district Control of mixed use development
Inadequate parking space Acquire land for parking
Set up parking sites
Sanitation Opening up sewer lines
Provision of sanitation facilities like toilets
Non-motorized transport
infrastructure
Provision for reserves for non-motorized transport
Street lighting Installation of flood lights
Encroachment into roads and
public utilities
Development control
Developments to observe reserves as in the development
plan
Accessibility Open up of access roads
Development control to avoid encroachment
Water supply Treatment of local available water
Piping
Sinking boreholes
Storm water catchment
Waste water treatment
Industry Industrial sites control
Development control
Opening up of access to the industrial zones
Table 18 Alternative interventions
34
CHAPTER FIVE: PLAN PROPOSALS STRATEGIES AND MEASURES
5.1 Town structure plan
Figure 5 Structure plan
5.2 Strategies and measures
This part presents strategies and measures that will lead to the realization of the
Goals and the vision of Sultan-Hamud.
5.2.1 Transport and Infrastructure Services strategies
The objectives of the measures and Strategies proposed are:
5.2.1.1 Road Network
Strategies
To improve access
To control congestion along the main road
To control motorized and non-motorized transport conflict
To enhance security of the man on foot
35
Measures to actualize the Strategies
Relocation of vehicle parking along the main highway
Setting up of parking sites for vehicles
Setting and delineating up of pedestrian reserves
Setting up reserves for non-motorized transport
5.2.1.2 Parking
Strategies
To relocate vehicles parking along the highway
Improve security of man on foot
To have modalities for traffic control
5.2.1.3 Non-Motorized Facilities
Strategies
To control conflicts and enhance security for non-motorized transport
To have a modality to control the non-motorized transport
Measures to Actualize the Strategies
Delineate reserves for non-motorized transport
Put in place non-motorized transport infrastructure
5.2.1.4 Road Safety and Security
Strategies
To enhance security for both man on foot and non-motorized transport
To control mobility of man on foot, motorized and non-motorized transport
To have a modality to control the use transport sector and have security for the maimed and
handicapped users.
Measures to actualize the Strategies
Set reserves for man on foot and for non-motorized transport
Street lighting
36
Reserves and infrastructure for the handicapped.
5.2.1.5 Drainage
Strategies
To put in place mechanism to control storm water
To control soil erosion
To control flooding along transport corridors
Measures to actualize the Strategies
Provision of drainage channels along the main roads, streets and reserves
Storm water catchment
Tree cover
5.2.1.6 Water
Strategies
Increase supply of water
Improve quality of water
Increase and enhance accessibility of water
Measures to actualize the Strategies
Storm water catchment
Treatment of available water sources
Waste water treatment
Piping
Sinking of boreholes
5.2.1.7 Sewerage Facilities
Strategies
To improve aesthetics
To enhance waste control
Measures to actualize the Strategies
37
Opening up of sewer lines
Residential housing to connect to sewer line channels
5.2.1.8 Institutions
Strategies
To enhance in management
To control urban development
To enhance in plan implementation
To actualize modalities for financing and revenue collection
Measures to actualize the Strategies
Formation and formalization of town committee
Having a development plan
Plan implementation
Development control
5.2.2 Environmental Strategies
5.2.2.1 Waste Management
Strategies
To enhance waste collection and disposal
To improve aesthetics
To have a mechanism of pollution control
5.2.2.2 Degradation of water resources
Strategies
To improve water quality
To increase water supply
To improve accessibility
5.2.2.3 Vegetation Cover
Strategies
38
To improve aesthetics
To control environmental degradation
To control soil erosion
To increase tree cover
5.2.2.4 Land Degradation
Strategies
To maintain topography
To maintain aesthetics
To control natural drainage channels
To control soil erosion
5.2.2.5 Flooding
Strategies
Control of soil erosion
To control water borne diseases
To enhance mobility
To maintain aesthetics
5.2.2.6 Pollution
Strategies
To maintain quality of products and resources
To maintain a livable environment
5.2.2.7 Recreation
Strategies
To have in place sites and facilities for leisure and relaxation
To maintain open spaces
To control grabbing and encroachment of recreational sites
5.2.2.8 Institutional, legal and policy framework
Strategies
39
To have a mechanism for plan implementation
To have modalities for development control
5.2.2.9 Stakeholders involvement
Strategies
To have acceptable development planning
To have a community owned and realized development
To achieve a well-balanced bottom up development approach and on control basis
5.2.2.10 Environmental management
Strategies
To control environmental pollution
To maintain vegetation cover in the town
To have a livable environment
5.2.3 Economic and Investment Strategies
5.2.3.1 Growth Sectors
The town enjoys a wide range growth sectors. These include the Nairobi-Mombasa road which
passes through the town bringing forth travelers who either housed there or have meals and drinks
along their journey.
The new standard gauge railway that passes through the town brings forth the town a great
opportunity as the station which situated in the town is a great opportunity for investment.
Available labour force by the local residents and immigrants to the town offer a formidable human
resource to investments.
Industrial siting like the setting of hides industry in the area is a great opportunity to the area.
Available mineral resource base in the area is available opportunity for mineral mining and
quarrying activities.
40
CHAPTER SIX: ACTION PLANS
Z
O
N
E
SUITABILIT
Y
ECOLOGI
CALLY
FRAGILE
AREAS
CHALLENGES OPPORTUNITIE
S
ACTION
AREAS
O Low Density
Residential
Housing
Medium
Density
Housing
High Density
Housing
No Waste disposal
Mixed use
Waste water
management
Accessibility
Encroachment to
reserves
Lighting
Water supply
Availability of
undeveloped land
Proximity to the
highway
The Standard
Gauge Railway
Opening of
sewer lines
Development
control
Street lighting
1 Industrial Yes Waste disposal
Accessibility
Source of power
Environmental
pollution
Water supply
Space for
industrial sites
Electricity supply
Wind and solar
power
Available mineral
deposits
Road network
connection
Waste
management
and control
Harnessing
power sources
2 Educational No Sanitation
Grabbing of Allocated
land for educational
purpose
Water source
Lighting
Topography is
favourable for
setting up
institutions
Solar and wind
power
Development
control
Opening up of
access
Waste
management
41
Provision of
lighting
3 Recreational No Encroachment
Political will
Funding for
development
Available space
Development
control
Land use plan in
place
Development
control
Stakeholder
involvement
Sourcing of
funds
4 Public
purpose
No Waste management
Environmental
pollution
Encroachment
Street lighting
Accessibility
Tree cover and
aesthetics
Zoning plan
available
Wind and solar
power availability
Favourable
climate
Waste
management
control
Opening up
sewer lines
Development
control
5 Commercial No Accessibility
Sanitation
Lighting
Encroachment
Waste disposal
Storm water drainage
Peripheral
development along
transport corridors
Water supply
Undulating
landscape for
sewer lines setting
Power availability
Location of main
highway
Location of the
standard gauge
railway line
Opening
access roads
Provision of
lighting
Development
control
Storm water
catchment
6 Public utility No Sanitation
Maintenance
Accessibility
Topography
Local man power
to man
maintenance
Provision of
sanitation
facilities
42
Waste disposal
Infrastructure
unavailability
Put
maintenance
mechanism
Open access
7 Transport No Unconfined
development to the
transport available
Environmental
pollution
Congestion
Conflict of motorized
and non-motorized
transport
Street lighting
Street naming
Man on foot security
Development
control and land
use legislation
available
Parking space
available
Source of power
Confine
development
to the
transport
sector in place
Environmenta
l control
Relocation of
vehicles
Provision of
parking
infrastructure
Table 19 Action plans
43
CHAPTER SEVEN: IMPLEMENTATION MATRIX
Z
O
N
E
ISSUES ACTION AREAS ACTORS TIME
FRAME
O Waste disposal
Street lighting
Development control
Opening of
sewer lines
Development control
Provision of flood
light
County Government
Department of roads and
infrastructure
2017-
2018
1 Encroachment of the
site
Electricity supply
Road network
connection
Opening up of access
roads
Implementation and
Harnessing power
sources
Opening up of access
roads
County government
Department of transport
and infrastructure
Department of Physical
planning
2017-
2018
2 Waste management
Accessibility
Street lighting
Development control
Opening up of access
Waste management
Provision of lighting
Enforcement department.
Department of Physical
Planning
Department of Transport
and infrastructure
2017-
2018
3 Uncontrolled
development
Development control
Development control
Stakeholder
involvement
Sourcing of funds
Stakeholder committee
Private sector
NGO’s
Department of Physical
Planning
2017-
2019
4 Blockage of sewer
lines
Waste management
control
Department of physical
planning
Immedia
tely
44
Uncontrolled
development
Waste control
Opening up sewer
lines
Development control
Department of
infrastructure
5 Accessibility
Street lighting
Storm water drainage
Opening access
roads
Provision of lighting
Development control
Storm water
catchment
Department of physical
planning
Department of water
Enforcement department
2017-
2018
6 Sanitation
Public utility
maintenance
Access
Provision of
sanitation facilities
Put maintenance
mechanism
Open access
Department of
environment
Department of physical
planning
Immedia
tely
7 Parking
Congestions
Conflicts of users
Provision of parks
Relocation of
vehicles
Provision of parking
infrastructure
County government
Department of
infrastructure
2017-
2019
Table 20 Implementation Matrix
45
CHAPTER EIGHT: FINANCING STRATEGY
Z
O
N
E
ISSUES ACTION
AREAS
ACTORS TIME
FRAME
FINANCINCING
STRATEGY
O Waste disposal
Street lighting
Development
control
Opening of
sewer lines
Development
control
Provision of
flood light
County
Government
Department
of roads and
infrastructure
2017-
2018
County Government
Finance
1 Encroachment of
the site
Electricity supply
Road network
connection
Opening up of
access roads
Implementation
and
Harnessing
power sources
Opening up of
access roads
County
government
Department
of transport
and
infrastructure
Department
of Physical
planning
2017-
2018
County Government
Finance
Public Private Partnership
Funding
2 Waste
management
Accessibility
Street lighting
Development
control
Opening up of
access
Waste
management
Provision of
lighting
Enforcement
department.
Department
of Physical
Planning
Department
of Transport
and
infrastructure
2017-
2018
Public Finance
County Government
Finance
Partnership Funding
46
3 Uncontrolled
development
Development
control
Development
control
Stakeholder
involvement
Sourcing of
funds
Stakeholder
committee
Private sector
NGO’s
Department
of Physical
Planning
2017-
2019
County Government
Finance
Public Private Partnership
Funding
4 Blockage of sewer
lines
Uncontrolled
development
Waste control
Waste
management
control
Opening up
sewer lines
Development
control
Department
of physical
planning
Department
of
infrastructure
Immedi
ately
Public Finance
County Government
Finance
Public Private Partnership
Funding
5 Accessibility
Street lighting
Storm water
drainage
Opening access
roads
Provision of
lighting
Development
control
Storm water
catchment
Department
of physical
planning
Department
of water
Enforcement
department
2017-
2018
Public Finance
County Government
Finance
Grants and Donor Fund
Public Private Partnership
Funding
6 Sanitation
Public utility
maintenance
Access
Provision of
sanitation
facilities
Put
maintenance
mechanism
Open access
Department
of
environment
Department
of physical
planning
Immedi
ately
Public Finance
County Government
Finance
Grants and Donor Fund
Public Private Partnership
Funding
47
7 Parking
Congestions
Conflicts of users
Provision of
parks
Relocation of
vehicles
Provision of
parking
infrastructure
County
government
Department
of
infrastructure
2017-
2019
Public Finance
County Government
Finance
Public Private Partnership
Funding
Table 21 Financing mechanism