Gov unit2 ppt
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![Page 1: Gov unit2 ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061205/548164bbb4af9f5c758b4f25/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Democracy & Democratization
Will the trend continue?
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Democracy:
• Basic Rights Do these have to be protected in a written
constitution?
• Competitive Elections Which is the better electoral system?
Way of counting the votes
• Rule of Law• Capitalism and Affluence
Is this necessary?
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Common and Not So Common Themes
Elections determine who governs but Not ALL are ALIKE
– Electoral systems: Direct v. indirect
U.S. & France elect their chief executives Great Britain and Germany do not
Proportional v. plurality (single member districts) German Bundestag gives half its seats
proportionally U.S. & Great Britain use “first past the post”
Separation of powers (U.S.) v. fusion of powers
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Four Different Elections• United States
Electoral College
France Directly elects its
President Ballot has multiple
candidates Only top 2 participate
in a runoff
Great Britain No scheduled elections Prime Minister calls for
elections within 5 years
Germany 4 major parties that form
coalitions to pass legislation
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Understanding Democracy
• Democratic Regime – a set of institutions that allow the citizens to choose the makers of public policy in free, competitive elections
• Industrialized Democracy – the richest countries with advanced economies and liberal states.
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Procedural v. Substantive Democracy
Procedural democracy Presence of “free, fair,
competitive” elections BUT
Hurdles are present for real democratic procedures
Opposition parties silenced
Votes not counted Illiberal Democracy/Guarded
Democracy- A true “free and fair” election is a façade as a dominant party, military, or person is in control
Substantive Democracy Procedural standards
met More political rights
and civil liberties are offered
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Democratization The
transformation process from a nondemocratic regime to a procedural democracy to a substantive democracy
Samuel Huntington's “Three Waves of Democratization”
→ The introduction of democracy in different stages after 1900
Late 19th century Increased education and
urbanization Post WWII era (1945-1960)
decolonization Late 1970s
Collapse of Soviet Union
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The Origins of the Democratic StateThe Origins of the Democratic State
• Origins of democratic thought– The early democracies: individualism, capitalism,
Protestantism, scientific revolution, and exploration– Hobbes– Laissez-faire– Locke– Suffrage
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The Origins of the Democratic StateThe Origins of the Democratic State• Building Democracies
– In Europe and North America, the way democracy developed was largely a result of the way countries and their rulers handled four great transformations over the last five hundred years:• The creation of the nation and state itself• The role of religion in society and government• The development of pressures for democracy• The Industrial Revolution
– Cleavages (social divisions)– Authoritarian Leaders, Fascism, and WWII– The Cold War
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The Emergence of the Early Modern State
http://www.democracyweb.org/young/young3.php
Read about the early modern state
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Political Culture and Participation• The Civic Culture
Legitimacy: government v. regime• Political Parties and Elections
Catch-all Parties• New Divisions
– Gender– Post-materialist
3rd generation affluence – reasonable assumption of productive careers
Vote on “higher-order” values• Interest Groups• Political Protest
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The Democratic StateThe Democratic State• Presidential and parliamentary systems
– Presidential: three branches of power used to prevent abuse of power (only in the U.S.) → lengthy legislative process
– Parliamentary: secure majority party or coalition, the prime minister rarely has to compromise, which allows their government to act more quickly and decisively Fused, not separated
• Cabinet responsibility – principle that requires a prime minister and government to retain the support of a parliamentary majority
• Votes of confidence – a vote in which the members express their support for (or opposition to) the government’s policies. If it loses, the government must resign
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Democracy and Public PolicyDemocracy and Public Policy
• The interventionist state – governments in industrialized democracies that pursue an active economic policy
– Basic health care– Subsidized and/or free education – Unemployment compensation– Pensions and other programs
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Alternatives to Democracy
• Authoritarianism - power depends on the coercive force of the political authorities
• Oligarchies - power is held by only a few, usually wealthy people
• Totalitarianism - a political system in which the state controls all aspects of public and private life