Fra Open Data tilLinked Open Data

Stian Danenbarger <@stidan>Bouvet ASA <stian@bouvet.no>

• 30 dager...

• 47 nye anvendbare tjenester...

• Totalkostnad USD 50k (20k i

premier)

• Estimert ROI på 4000 % (!)

W. David Stephenson • “The potential benefits of democratizing data are many, and varied:

– more informed policy debate, grounded in fact, rather than rhetoric

– consensus building– better legislation– greater transparency and less corruption:

greater accountability– optimizing program efficiency and

reducing costs– new perspectives, especially when “the

wisdom of crowds” emerges.

• Who would have believed that dry data […] could become the engine to involve the public in governmental transformation!”

”Democratizing Data” (O’Reilly Media, under arbeid)

“A hierarchy of database journalism”

Level 1: Data delivery

Level 2: Data search

Level 3: Data exploration

Level 4: Data visualization

Level 5: Data experiences and storytelling

Level of

am

bit

ion

Basert på Rich Gordon: “Data as journalism, journalism as data” (2007)

"If we can find enough of these things that intersect with the lives of our readers, I think we will be all right.“− Dennis Ryerson, Editor, “the Indianapolis Star”

COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT, Brussels, 7.5.2009

on the re-use of Public Sector Information– Review of Directive 2003/98/EC –

Offentlige Norge: ”Tjenestetrappa”

Semicolon

Hvordan blir handlingsplanene fulgt opp?

De årlige tildelingsbrevene fra det enkelte fagdepartement til underliggende etater definerer hvilke oppgaver etatene skal utføre gjennom det kommende året. Disse har lite eller ingen fokus på samhandling med andre etater.

Þ “Siloene” går hele veien fra departement og ned til operativ etat.

Regjeringens samhandlingsstrategier blir ikke fulgt opp av departementene !!

ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/ist/docs/ict-ent-net/isg-report-4-0-erratum_en.pdf

“So far, the deployment of EI has been based

strongly on a combination of the following

two objectives:

• Objective 1: Supporting a “big bang”

transition to a more efficient, enterprise-

wide “best way” of working. This seeks to

make sure that the enterprise remains

competitive under changing market

conditions. This new best way of working

is defined by a relatively small group of

dedicated expert analysts (industrial

engineers, business engineers,

information analysts etc.) and

implemented and maintained top-down.

• Objective 2: Once the major change

related to Objective 1 is completed and

the new way of working has become

business as usual, exploiting the predicted

gains in efficiency as much and as long as

possible in order to secure a proper return

on the investment made during the initial

big bang change process.”

• Objective 3: EI should stimulate value

creation based on innovation and co-

creation in a context of networked

enterprises that is very much defined

bottom-up, by creative, committed

workers.

According to this perspective, EI helps

“reflective practitioners” to manage their

work, their responsibilities, the key

knowledge they possess, and their relations

to the work and knowledge of others (inside

and outside their own enterprise). Unlike the

traditional approach, this support is not

driven top-down and purely enterprise

centric, but allows a much more individual

and subjective approach that leverages

personal creativity and initiative.

While traditionally individuals were

supposed to adjust to “the system”, now the

situation is reversed: the system is much

more

about supporting the individuals.”

“If we let the computer do the job and stop

worrying about the operations

executed inside the black box, this may imply an ever-greater decrease in our knowledge and insight on how the public sector in society works with regard, for example, to distribution and re-distribution of money between the different layers in the community. Moreover, we will be more and more helpless if we try to examine the correctness of government decisions concerning our lives and welfare. Such a situation would affect the very relationship between government and its' citizens in a democratic society under the rule of law, namely, the capability of citizens to participate in the decision-making and control of dispositions by government authorities. The many at the bottom may have greater problems than before in controlling the few at the top.”

“Transparent computer systems - transparent government“, D. W. Schartum (1995)

Skiftende paradigmer?

Prosedyre-orientertFokus: SyntaksData: Internt i applikasjoner

Objekt-orientertFokus: StrukturData: Databaser med proprietære skjema, tekst

Komponent-basertFokus: TjenesterData: XML, åpne skjema, namespaces

Desentralisert og emergentFokus: Prosesserbar informasjonData: Delte identifikatorer (URI), selvbeskrivende hypermedia-formater over HTTP

19951975 2005 201519851965

Tom Coates, Yahoo: ”The web as it was”…

Tom Coates, Yahoo: ”Web of the future?”

Samhandling krever delte definisjoner – og delte identifikatorer for disse

• Gjelder ikke bare entiteter – også relasjoner og føringer

• Eksempel:

– Skole, skoleeier – og relasjonene mellom – Fag, eksamen, skole – og relasjonene mellom

Når flere løsninger skal spille sammen, må identifikatorene

løftes ut av de lokale systemene

Utdanningsdirektoratets Grep: Delt datamodell med forskriftsstatus for grunnutdanningen

Definisjoner

Formidling/annotering

Spørring/abonnement

Oppdateringer

Resultater

Direktoratet

Elever

Skoler og lærere

Leverandører av læringsressurser

Fag

Hovedområder

Kompetansemål

Lokale læreplaner

RessurserfraSkolenettet

Ressurserfraprivateaktører

Materialefunnet ellerlaget avlærere

Materialefunnet ellerlaget avelever

• Veilede • Tilrettelegge• Skape muligheter

Visjonen er der, byggeklossene også…

PRODUSENT KONSUMENTMEDIATOR

• “Discovery”• “Trust metrics”• Filtrering• Abonnement

• Registrering• Notifikasjon • Indeksering• Aggregering

Indeks

• Finne•

Sammenstille

• Dele•

Tilgjengeliggjøre

”Abonnere på et søk!”

Atom/RSS (inkl. podcasts)SMS/MMSIM/XMPPEpostKalendersynk.…

“[…] regardless of what may be regarded as a

true service-orientation, we should avoid employing computerized systems in a way that reduces the number of citizens who are actively participating in legal decision-making processes, concerning him- or herself, and in democratic debates. […] Here, when I talk about transparency, I am not primarily thinking of the insight represented by thin layers of pleasant simplifications, in the shape of glossy brochures. Instead, I wish to give attention to the problem of communicating knowledge concerning the very bedrock of legal and administrative complexity. […] Our society is not based on freedom and justice because this is the most cost-efficient way to construct a society”“Transparent computer systems - transparent government“, D. W. Schartum (1995)