Sriven C KadiyalaGrade 8

Indus International SchoolHyderabad, AP, Indiasrivenck@gmail.com

Born On April 30th 1997

The Perfect World• Disease Free Mankind.• Perfectly born children.

The Perfect Human Being• Optimal Functionality of human beings achieved by what

I am proposing. • No Handicap or Sorrow ever for any being.

The World as it must be. Welcome to Utopia !

My Project Idea• My project is to forecast/prevent the occurrence of any disease,

say cancer, in an unborn child by tracing the genetic data of its ancestry from the human genome project.

• I match this gene data with the data from the Cancer Genome Anatomy Project using SAGE Bioinformatics tool and find if any over expressed gene causing cancer in the subject exists.

• If any cancer gene, does exist, then I tailor, the Cancer causing, say CLASP2 gene as studied in this experiment, using gene therapy to prevent the disease in the yet to be born child.

What is Cancer?• Cancer is the abnormal growth of

cells within the Human Body.

• Cancer is a genetic and environment dependant disease.

• Presently, Cancer can only be controlled/cured after occurrence, not predicted and prevented.

• This is a painful and debilitating process currently.

What is a Cell?• The Cell is the

smallest unit of any

living organism.

• An Estimated

100Trillion exist in

the human body.

What is DNA?• DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

found in the cell, is the chemical that makes up genes and chromosomes.

• DNA, in the double helix structure, is the carrier of genetic information of the individual. The Nucleotides of the DNA are Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine & Guanine or Uracil (for RNA)

What are Proteins?• Proteins are a group of

chemical substances that build and run cells.

• Proteins are made of Amino Acids.

What is a Gene?• A Gene is a set of

instructions that is made of DNA.

• Genes have specific functions and code for specific parts of the body.

What is a Chromosome?

• The thread like structure that are made up of Genes, DNA and Protein.

• There are 46 chromosomes in nucleus of the cells of the human body.

What is RNA?• RNA (Ribonucleic

Acid)

• Similar to DNA but

smaller and with

only one strand

instead of two.

• RNA helps in

making Proteins.

What is the Human Genome?

• The complete set of Genes found in any Human Being.

• The Genome is found in each and every cell of the Human Body.

• The process by which the gene uses DNA to make Proteins and RNA.

• When a gene produces too many Proteins and RNA, it is called gene over expression.

The Human Genome Project• The Human

Genome Project is designed to trace the Human Evolution and study the Gene/DNA Structure of Homo Sapiens

.

The Cancer Genome Anatomy Project

• The Cancer Genome Anatomy Project (CGAP) was created to study and analyze Cancer causing genes.

• It provides valuable bioinformatics search tools for further research.

What is Gene Therapy?

Gene therapy is treating a disease at the gene level by either:

1. Tailoring (Cutting out) an unwanted gene

2. Replacing a gene

3. Inserting more inhibitory genes.

The Experiment• In my experiment I will be dealing with the CLASP2 gene in

the Pancreatic type of Cancer tissue.

• The CLASP2 gene is an Over Expressed gene in the Pancreatic type of Cancer tissue.

• The gene data for CLASP2 is taken from the Cancer Genome Anatomy Project website.

• The procedure for finding the CLASP2 gene and prove that it is Over Expressed is given below:

• Go to the CGAP website: http://cgap.nci.nih.gov/. • Go to "SAGE Genie." • Click on "The SAGE Digital Gene Expression Displayer." • Select "Two SAGE library pools" and then click on "Submit." • On the next page, select: • Select: "Short tags" • List libraries by: "Tissue Type" • For Pool A, select "Include," Tissue Type "Pancreas," Tissue histology "Normal." • For Pool B, select "Include", Tissue Type "Pancreas", Tissue histology "Cancer." • "Exclude Cell Lines" should be checked in Pool A and Pool B. • Click "Submit Query." • The next page gives you the opportunity to alter the statistical parameters for your gene search—use the default

selections (F = 2, Q = 0.1). The "Chromosome" field should be "All."• SAGE_Pancreas_adenocarcinoma_B_96-6252 should be check-marked as Pool B.• SAGE_Pancreas_normal_B_1 should be check-marked as Pool A.• SAGE_Pancreas_adenocarcinoma_B_91-16113 should be check-marked as Pool B. • In the next step, the software will identify genes that are differentially expressed in these two pools.• You will be required to input an e-mail address where the server can send you a notice when the comparison

search is done. Once you've filled in your e-mail address, click "Submit Query" at the bottom of the page. • The next page lists all of the genes that are differentially expressed.• Scroll to the bottom of the list to find the genes that are over-expressed in pancreatic cancer tissue (B>A, where

B is the pool of genes from cancerous tissue and A is the pool of genes from normal tissue).

The Results• The results as shown indicate that Clasp2

over-expressed gene is found only in cancer cell but not normal cell, as we predicted.

Tag (nucleotide sequence) Gene

name or Accession

Libraries (no. of libraries tag was

found)

Tags (basic data) Tag Odds A:B

(Significance of data)

Q (False

Discovery Rate)

A (Normal Tissue) B ( Cancer Tissue) A (Normal Tissue) B ( Cancer Tissue)

TCCCTTCTAT CLASP2 0 2 0 3619 0 0.00E+00

Experiment Summary

• The experiment shows us that the over-expressed CLASP2 gene is found only in the cancer type tissue. This shows us that the over expressed genes are a cause for cancer.

• This helps us to go to the next step of the project to apply gene therapy to modify CLASP2 gene, thereby eradicating cancer.

• This mechanism needs to be generalized for all diseases for improved health of humanity.