Good morning, again

Good morning, again.Here is the book.Table of Contents

A Compulsory Minimum 4U N I T 1 Companies & Organisations 10U N I T 2 People in Organisation 14U N I T 3 Managing a Company 19Revision Test 1. Units 1-3 21U N I T 4 Company Activities 24U N I T 5 Hierarchy 28U N I T 6 Pursuits of Profit 32Revision Test 2. Units 4-6 36U N I T 7 Money & Funding 38U N I T 8 Hard Job 41U N I T 9 Marketing Mix 44U N I T 10 Teamwork 48Revision Test 3. Units 7-10 51List of Sources and References 53

A Compulsory Minimum(1. PARENT COMPANY = company having in excess of 50% of the stock of a subsidiary. Opp.: DAUGHTER COMPANY, SUBSIDIARY.2. AGENCIES, ADVERTISING AGENCIES = companies that produce advertising for other companies3. TECH FIRMS = technology companies4. SALES OUTLETS = retail stores; UNIT = a part or division of a larger company; BRANCH = a division of a bank5. SERVICE FACILITIES = business which maintains & repairs products6. FLEDGLING COMPANIES = small or new companies7. HOME TURF = domestic or local market [turf = grass]8. SPIN-OFF (n) = separation of one part of a parent corporation into an unattached independent corporate firm9. FRANCHISE = a chain store or restaurant such as McDonalds.10. A SOLE TRADER = a single person who runs a business. SOLE PROPRIETOR11. WIDGET = a generic term [not an actual object] meaning a companys product. This is a favorite term used in economics, especially in hypothetical cases. 12. FUNDING [noun] = financing or financial backing for a project or business venture; money. 13. A START-UP [noun] = a new business that is just beginning14. A PECKING ORDER = a hierarchical system which determines who dominates15. BURN THE CANDLE AT BOTH ENDS = exhaust, make too great demand on ones physical or mental resources by overwork16. WORK ONES FINGERS TO THE BONE = work very hard manually for a long period of time usually because one needs the money17. KEEP ONES NOSE TO THE GRINDSTONE = work hard without taking any rest 18. BITE OFF MORE THAN ONE CAN CHEW = take on a task that is too difficult19. TAKE ITS TOLL OF SOMETHING = cause a lot of harm or damage20. A TALL ORDER = a task which is difficult to accomplish21. TO PROMOTE GOODWILL = to encourage employees to build up the companys reputation by means of their knowledge, loyalty, ethics, to act for the benefit of the business22. A SLEEPING/SILENT PARTNER = a person who provides a percentage of the capital of a business but who does not play a part in its management23. BLACK ECONOMY = work which is paid in cash & therefore not declared for tax24. OUTSIDE INVESTORS [noun] = investors who are not part of the company25. STAKE = investment26. THE UPPER ECHELONS OF [noun] = the highest levels of27. BIG WHEEL = very important person, top gun28. TYCOON = a businessperson of great wealth and power; magnate29. MOVERS AND SHAKERS = important, influential people30. DINOSAURS = large, slow-moving companies that have not changed with the times31. TOP BRASS senior executives32. A ROLLING STONE = a person who moves from place to place, job to job33. A BACK SEAT = a position in which one has little or nothing to say in the managing or running of affairs, without importance, influence, or responsibility; TAKE A BACK SEAT - let the subordinate decide the direction in which we are going34. YUPPIE = a 'young urban professional person.' A popular, uncomplimentary characterization of young American business people in the 1980s. It implied that these people were overly concerned with money35. THE RANK AND FILE = the ordinary people in an organization who have no special position, masses36. A SMALL COG IN THE MACHINE = an unimportant person in, or a small part of a large organization37. A SQUARE PEG IN A ROUND HOLE = someone who is not suited to his position, job; who does not fit in38. A STEPPING STONE = a job/ position/ success which helps to something better/ higher in profession, social status39. A SKELETON STAFF = the smallest number of employees needed to keep the office, service going, e.g. at holiday times40. WHIZZ-KID = a young person who becomes successful very quickly, esp. in business41. BLUE COLLAR (worker) manual worker in a factory; WHITE COLLAR = office employees, clerks.42. COWBOY = an unmanageable but often very successful person who tends to act independently rather than cooperatively with others; dishonest & careless person in business43. BIG CHEESE/ BIG SHOT (derog.)= an important person44. FAT CAT = a person who is rich & powerful45. A BIG FISH IN A SMALL POND = sb whose importance & influence are great only in a restricted situation46. SIGN ON THE DOTTED LINE = to write your signature at the bottom of a contract, agreement, memo of understanding, or other form. Fig. to approve of smth.47. IN THE DRIVER'S SEAT = in control, in charge48. A TAIL WAGGING THE DOG = when a subordinate makes decisions for the manager49. PLAY BALL = to cooperate, to work together; to get started [baseball]50. TO DELEGATE AUTHORITY = involve the employees at lower levels in decision making51. ENDORSEMENT = advertisement technique in which a famous person speaks in favour of a product52. COMMERCIAL = an advertisement on radio or television53. STATUS SYMBOL = a sign of wealth and importance in society54. TO PROMOTE A PRODUCT OR SERVICE = try to sell them by advertising; speak in favour of sth55. TO GO PUBLIC = sell shares of a privately owned company to the public; TO GO GLOBAL [verb] = to begin business dealings on a global scale, for example, to find suppliers with the best deal no matter where they are located.56. IN FULL SWING = in fully active operation57. CORE BUSINESS = basic activities of the company58. GET A JUMP ON = get a head start, get started before your competitors59. CLINCH A DEAL = strike a deal, come to an agreement60. HANG OUT ONE'S SHINGLE = start a business, announce the opening of a business TO SET UP IN BUSINESS = to start a new firm, shop, etc.61. BRANCHING OUT = expansion/diversification; BRANCH OUT INTO = start new type of business62. GOING OUT OF BUSINESS = stopping trading; going bankrupt; CLOSE DOWN = to stop/cause to stop operating.63. A HOUSE-CLEANING reorganization of a business, usu. Including dismissal of many employees64. BE IN THE BLACK = operating at a profit, making money; BE IN THE RED = operating at a loss, losing money65. BE ON TO A GOOD THING = have found a pleasant, financially advantageous position66. THROW GOOD MONEY AFTER BAD = lose more money in an attempt to compensate for a loss67. DRIVE A HARD BARGAIN = be tough in business dealings and consider only one's own advantages, profits etc. often unfairly68. TO LEARN THE ROPES = to learn how an organization works; TO KNOW THE ROPES = to know the procedures or rules for doing sth.69. TO TAKE OVER = to buy a company or gain control of it by buying off its shares or the company70. TO DIVERSIFY INTO STH. = vary range of products or services in order to expand operation71. RED TAPE = troublesome rules and procedures which delay business; CUT OUT THE RED TAPE = get rid of bureaucratic procedure72. TO WIND UP = to cease to exist; WIND UP A COMPANY = put a company into liquidation; TO WIND UP IN THE WRONG HANDS = to end up in the possession of someone you don't want, for example, in the hands of a competitor 73. HANG UP ONES HAT = finish working74. TO TALK SHOP = to talk about business75. TO SHOP AROUND = to compare prices at different shops76. TO GO WINDOW-SHOPPING = to look at goods in the shop windows77. TURN THE COMPANY (A)ROUND = make business profitable again after losses78. CASH IN ON = profit from79. MISS THE BOAT = lose opportunity80. GET OUT FROM UNDER = recover financially from indebtedness or bankruptcy81. RUN A TIGHT SHIP = run an organization in an orderly & disciplined manner82. CORNER THE MARKET = own most or all of the supply of a certain commodity & so control the price83. A DOWN PAYMENT = partial payment paid when a purchase deal is made or when an order is given, before one is in possession of goods84. MONEY FOR JAM/ OLD ROPE = money earned without any effort85. A VESTED INTEREST = an interest in or connection with some enterprise that involves personal gain; VESTED INTERESTS = groups who promote their personal goals, usually at the expense of others86. ON THE DOLE = (informal) receiving unemployment benefit from the state87. PROCEEDS = money obtained by selling sth; profits88. VENTURE CAPITAL = capital for investments, which may easily be lost in risky project, but can also provide high returns89. TO SEE EYE TO EYE WITH SB ON STH = to agree entirely with; to have identical views90. TO BE A BLACK SHEEP OF THE FAMILY = to be a good-for-nothing person91. TO BE TIED TO SOMEONES APRON STRINGS = to be too much under the influence/control92. TO GO OUT OF ONES WAY = to exceed ones power over sb93. TO BRING SB INTO THE DAY-TO-DAY PROCESS OF BUSINESS = to admit sb as a partner94. TO VALUE SBS INPUT = to acknowledge sbs participation95. TO HURT PRODUCTIVITY = to slow down/decrease productivity96. TO MEND FENCES = to repair relationship with sb97. TO KEEP COSTS DOWN = to control expenses/ to prevent from increasing98. AT STAKE = at risk99. TO WIN CREDIBILITY WITH SB = to be trustworthy100. TO DO THE SPADEWORK = to make the preliminary preparations or do the preliminary research for something101. TO IMPOSE ONES POINT OF VIEW ON SB = to force acceptance of102. TO BE WORTH ONES SALT = with a reputation to uphold103. TO MUDDLE THROUGH = to try to reach results without proper preparation or clear strategy104. TO TAKE ONES CUE FROM SB = to observe what sb does as a guide to ones own action105. TO MEET SOMEONE HALFWAY = to compromise106. TO HEADHUNT = look for specialists & offer them job in other companies107. HAVE GOT A FOOT IN THE DOOR = have taken the first step towards getting sth108. FRINGE BENEFITS (PERKS) = sth valuable that an employee gets besides wages or salary109. PULL THE CARPET FROM UNDER SB'S FEET = stop giving help/ support110. TO TIGHTEN ONES BELT = eat less food, spend less money, because there is little available111. FREELANCE (v.adj.adv) = do work for several companies but not be employed by any of them112. UNSOLICITED MAIL = direct mail, junk mail; MAIL DROP; MAILSHOT113. DATA MINING = collecting information about consumer tastes and preferences114. BY HOOK OR BY CROOK = by one means or another115. HYPE = unnecessary promotion [of a product or service] in newspapers and the media116. DEAD END JOB = a job without prospects or opportunities for the future117. HEAD AND SHOULDERS ABOVE SB = superior in skill, ability, intelligence, physical force118. BRING SOMEONE TO HEEL = make sb obey orders, bring sb under control119. MAKE HEAD OR TAIL OF STH = understand sth that is confusing, mixed up120. STICK AT NOTHING = do everything to accomplish ones aim

++++++++++++++++++++(Unit 1 COMPANIES & ORGANIZATIONS Idioms in focus:

Task 1. Study the following examples and try to understand the underlined idioms in context. Find their Russian equivalents.

1. Sea Containers, the parent company of the East Coast Mainline train operator GNER, slipped further into financial crisis yesterday after admitting it may not be able to pay back a $115 million loan.2. In 1977, Apple Computer, a young fledgling company on the West Coast, introduced the Apple II, the first personal computer as we know it today.3. Russel Herder advertising agency in Minnesota specializes in strategic planning, research, brand development and public relations.4. Borland software plans to spin off its renowned Borland Developer Tools Group as an independent organization, a company executive confirmed.5. Google plans to strengthen its Picasa photo management software and service with the acquisition of Neven Vision, a Santa Monica, California, tech firm specializing in mobile photo search.6. I was surprised recently when realized that that all the worst problems we faced in our startup were not due to competitors but investors.7. Initially all of McDonald restaurants in the UK were owned and managed by the company. In the 1986 the company opened its first franchise restaurant and since that time the number of UK franchisees has steadily grown.8. As a sole trader, you are personally responsible for any debts run up by your business.9. Stanford University law professor Lawrence Lessing declared that the Internet will soon belong to Hollywood studios, record labels, and cable operators corporate dinosaurs that he says are trying to block off data network.10. Benetton has sales outlets in every major European city.11. Its normal that she hasnt taken part in the discussion as she is our silent partner.12. Yesterday we discussed the financial results of 2005 year and our CEO announced that some outside investors were interested in cooperation.13. Our service facilities will help you keep your machines running and keep your down time to the shortest time.

Task 2. Match the following idioms with their corresponding definitions.

1. parent company/ daughter company/ subsidiary2. agencies/ advertising agencies3. tech firms4. fledgling companies5. spin-off6. franchise7. a start-up8. dinosaurs9. a sole trader/ sole proprietor10. a sleeping/ silent partner11. outside investors12. sales outlet/ unit/ branch13. service facilities a. separation of the one part of a parent corporation into an attached independent corporate firmb. a single person who runs a businessc. investors who are not part of the companyd. technology companiese. large, slow-moving companies that have not changed with the timesf. companies which produce advertising for another companiesg. company having in excess of 50% of the stock of a subsidiaryh. a new business that is just beginningi. retail storesj. small or young companiesk. a person who provides a percentage of the capital of a business but who does not play a part in its businessl. business which maintains & repairs productsm. a chain store or restaurant such as McDonald

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Task 3. Substitute for the underlined phrase an idiom with the same meaning.

1. When a SlovTeledat and its company having in excess of 50% of the stock Telekom Slovenie invited us to design the new Telephone directory, our artist created such an exquisite series of covers that the art galleries will fight for them.2. As an owner of the company that produces promotion materials for other companies Ive interviewed and spoken to hundreds of candidates looking for positions of ad agents.3. Our new catalog of technology companies contains history, up-to-date news and top-line financial information.4. Business which maintains and repairs products of Japanese automaker Honda Motor Co. will be set in the U.S. to oversee further development of its small jet that it debuted last year.5. From McDonalds perspective, I think its a pretty good idea to separate the Goldenpizza in order to focus on their traditional food, says Dennis Milton.6. An interest in all things relating to well-being and looking good has never been higher in the UK. This is great news for businessmen looking to buy a chain store in the Hair, Health, Fitness& Beauty sector.7. How Roger Embury turned his young, small company into the Nations largest supplier of golf equipment.8. One illustration over a fifteen-year period demonstrates that 40% of total return is allocated to the people holding the percentage of capital but not participating in management.9. People operating as a single person can trade under their own names, or choose a different business name.10. The amount of manpower is typically small for business that is just beginning as they try to decrease expenses.11. The data from the American Customer Satisfaction Index show that Apple leads other personal computer manufacturers, beating out such large old companies as Dell, HP and others.12. Please look at the map below to see a table of retail stores locations, said the representative.13. Even if the company is successful it may not meet the expectations of investors who are not part of the company.

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Task 4. Complete the sentences with one of the idioms in focus, paying special attention to the form of the verbs.

1. The book concisely describes the changes in business practices, technology, labor relations, and global markets that transformed Charles Schwabs corporation into an industrial .. in less than one hundred years.2. SafeAirTech and many other specializing in security equipment are the most likely to benefit from the heightened alert at London airports because it may inspire new investment in airport security system.3. How many .. does your store have?4. In a ..company separates one of its subsidiaries of divisions in order to create an independent company.5. I needed a professional site for my .. which was only a month old at the time.6. With all its resources and marketing potential this company is highly attractive for .7. You need three things to create a successful ..: to start with good people, to make something customers actually want, and to spend as little money as possible.8. AdBrands Company Profiles assess more than 1,000 leading advertisers, brands and . .9. If you have questions or need guidance with your new laser printer, apply to one of our . .10. Although buying a . is not an easy way to owning your individual business, in some cases it is a lot easier than starting from scratch.11. Being has its own pros and cons. On the one hand, you dont have to make difficult decisions, but on the other hand you cant influence something you dont like.12. are individuals that own small business, e.g. a corner shop.13. In the 1920s the Pullman Company went through a series of restructuring steps, which in the end resulted in a ., Pullman Incorporated, controlling the Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing .. .

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Task 5. Translate the following sentences into English using idioms instead of the phrases underlined.

1. .2. .3. .4. , , , , .5. .6. .7. 2006 12 .8. , .9. , . , .10. , , .11. , .12. .13. , , .

++++++++++++++++++++(UNIT 2PEOPLE IN ORGANIZATION

Idioms in focus:

Task 1. Study the following examples and try to understand the underlined idioms in context. Find their Russian equivalents.1. The sources close to the Government of Uzbekistan report a serious staff shuffle in the upper echelons of state power.2. The real estate tycoon was never seen without his expensive car.3. Because of its prominence as one of New York Citys top independent schools, over the years, and still today, many famous movers and shakers in entertainment, politics, news, business and the arts have sent their children to Fieldstone.4. In this spy thriller, the top brass at the Central Intelligence Agency get an alarming message: a nuclear weapon is missing from the U.S. arsenal.5. My boss is a typical yuppie from Manhattan with the expensive flat, financed car and the latest model of mobile phone.6. Unknown terrorists gun down a leader of Philippine Communist Party, sending shock waves in the party rank and file.7. Youre not just a cog in a machine, said David Foote, sales manager of THT Inc., when his assistant prevented him from doing the wrong step.8. Let me explain the square peg in a round hole problem I often experience here, in overcrowded company headquarters.9. Theyve taken on some financial whizz-kid whos going to sort all their problems out.10. My brother has been working for DHL Company for 15 years, but I am a real rolling stone: I have changed 10 places for the same period. 11. Our sales manager is a real cowboy; he never does the job properly.12. Recently, I sat down with Brian Berson, the big cheese in Extensis, to ask him a few questions about his experience with software development, the future of font management, and even a bit about his accent.13. Los-Angeles neighborhood with its million-dollar estates, is full of fat cats.14. He wasnt so important in the big city but now in the small town he is a big fish in a small pond.Task 2. Match the following idioms with their corresponding definitions.

1. the upper echelons of2. tycoon3. movers and shakers4. top brass5. yuppie6. the rank and file7. a small cog in the machine8. a square peg in a round hole9. a whizz-kid10. a rolling stone11. cowboy12. big cheese/ big shot/ bigwig13. fat cat14. a big fish in a small pond a. senior executivesb. a person who moves from place to place, job to jobc. a young person who becomes successful very quickly, esp. in businessd. the ordinary people in an organization who have no special position, massese. an unimportant person in, or a small part of a large organizationf. someone who is not suited to his position, job; who does not fit ing. important personh. a businessperson of great wealth and power; magnatei. somebody whose importance & influence are great only in a restricted situationj. important, influential peoplek. a person who is rich & powerfull. the highest levels ofm. a 'young urban professional person.' A popular, uncomplimentary characterization of young well-paid business peoplen. an unmanageable but often successful person; dishonest & careless in businessTask 3. Substitute for the underlined phrase an idiom with the same meaning.1. That guy is 23 and he is a CEO of multinational company What a young person who becomes successful very quickly!2. Ruth doesnt have the skill for this job; shes someone who is not suited to her position.3. Frank knew he was just an unimportant person, or a small part of this giant corporation.4. The senior executives are coming in from Washington to see how we do things there.5. Dont act like an important person among your old friends; it may provoke an unexpected conflict.6. Hopefully its not too late and Richard has at last listened to his Dad, rather than his young well-paid drinking mates from Lan Kwai Fong.7. During the past few months fringe independent parties, political careerists and their ordinary people in an organization who have no special position, masses increasingly followed the trend of going back to their old promises.8. Brill Media is no longer [a] somebody whose importance & influence are great only in a restricted situation. Brill Media sold its two dozen local newspapers and real estate guides in Michigan to 21st Century Newspapers for $46 million.9. Staff changes in the highest levels of TV and Radio Broadcasting Corporation Kazakhstan: the end of the state "Sufi TV"?10. The figure of the media proprietor first became prominent in the 19th century with the development of mass circulation newspapers. In the United States the best known press magnate was William Randolph Hearst.11. Kates lived in ten cities in as many years - shes a real person who moves from place to place, from job to job.12. Your representative is a real unmanageable but often successful person; dishonest & careless in business he has forgotten important samples and documents!13. In addition to focusing on the important, influential people of San dance community, the documentary also takes time to recognize the societal and cultural forces that have shaped it, including gender and sexual characteristics.14. Look at those people who are rich & powerful in the Government; they do not realize what their policy will end with!

Task 4. Complete the sentences with one of the idioms in focus, paying special attention to their form.1. A born ., Ann Green wants desperately to fit for her new position.2. People called ... traditionally reap a substantial financial gain from a business, while the people who are employed by it, do not. They often make contribution into political campaigns.3. This mechanic engineer is just and I wont stop the work of the whole plant because of his stupid remarks!4. It was a place where important Republican Party .. could come to relax and to enjoy the favors of very beautiful women.5. Pop superstar Christina Aguilera has become the ideal housewife since marrying marketing Jordan Bratman, brilliant young professional market analyst.6. Wait! If you want to take a day-off, you'll have to get permission from our !7. The Russian oil . were well connected entrepreneurs who started from nearly nothing and got rich through participation in the market via connections to the current highly corrupt regime at the time during the transition to capitalism.8. Women are still under-represented in of United Nations, says office of internal oversight services report.9. Ashley is a proverbial .., being the most famous and powerful model in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, her hometown, and absolutely unpopular in the agencies of New-York and Los-Angeles.10. The documentary about the April 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster made a plea for the U.S.S.R. and the U.S. to put aside their differences in the wake of the incident. Angry residents called for the death penalty for the at the nuclear plant.11. Even each .. member of the party had lost the confidence in the leadership.12. The restaurants modern interior attracted crowds of who were always ready for something new and expensive.13. I havent hired her, because its her fifth job in this year, and my company is not a warm place for the ..............!14. I was shocked when got to know that this [manager] develops salary packages for executive, managerial, and professional positions at pharmaceutical company. He is so careless and dishonest person!Task 5. Translate the following sentences into English using idioms instead of the phrases underlined.1. , .2. .3. -, .4. , , .5. - , , .6. : , , .7. , .8. , , .9. , 19 .10. .11. , .12. !13. ! .14. 5% , .

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Idioms in focus:

Task 1. Study the following examples and try to understand the underlined idioms in context. Find their Russian equivalents.1. Both government and private institutions should not be closed during holiday seasons, and skeleton staff should attend work.2. Today, the logic of cost cutting doesnt distinguish between blue collar and white collar. So, one day both managers and factory workers may face the sack.3. The successful freelance web designers can choose the most interesting orders and plan their own time so that they can work when and where they want.4. Read this contract one more time and then consult with our advocate! Dont sign on the dotted line unless you know exactly what you are doing and you have a legal representative.5. After the elections to the Parliament, newly elected politicians learn the ropes of public office.6. My grandparents muddled through droughts and crop failures and family crises.7. In our recruitment agency, we more often need to headhunt for following positions: CEO, Directors, Presidents, Vice-Presidents, National Heads and for those typical positions which are hard to find. 8. British Chamber of Commerce is going to publish the estimation results of the money lost because of red-tape in British state institutions: bureaucracy burden is out of control.9. Look at them! The working day is over, but they just talk shop all the time!10. High-ranking Russian officials made a visit to India last week to do the spadework for a deal on tech transfer, which is going to be discussed during the next visit of Vladimir Putin.

Task 2. Match the following idioms with their corresponding definitions.

1. a skeleton staff2. blue collar/white collar 3. freelance4. sign on the dotted line5. to learn the ropes 6. to muddle through 7. to headhunt8. red tape/cut on the red tape9. to talk shop10. to do the spadework a. to write your signature at the bottom of a contract, or other formb. manual workers in a factory / office employees, clerksc. the smallest number of employees needed to keep the officed. to learn how an organization workse. troublesome bureaucratic rules / get rid of bureaucratic proceduref. to talk about businessg. to try to reach results without proper preparation or clear strategyh. to find people with the right skills and to persuade them to leave their present jobi. working independently for different companies rather than being employed by one particular companyj. to make the preliminary preparations or do the preliminary research for something

Task 3. Substitute for the underlined phrase an idiom with the same meaning.1. Railroad and subway conductors, along with flight attendants, are at the top of the manual workers in a factory pay scale.2. If you find all of this a little too boring or complicated, then let someone else make the preliminary preparations for you.3. Welcome to Worldwide Writer, the leading site for writers working independently for different companies around the world.4. County Council is continuing to provide core services with the smallest number of employees needed to keep the office during strike action over local government pensions.5. In fact, it's vitally important that you've well checked everything before you put your signature at the end of a contract.6. Inevitably, UK companies will need to find ready-made senior executives from abroad with the right skills and to persuade them to leave their present job.7. The team managed to try to reach results without proper preparation or clear strategy another season.8. Three weeks after Hurricane Katrina struck, troublesome bureaucratic rules and poor planning have left thousands of evacuees without basic services.9. This month, we are to discuss business issues with Andrew Kris, founder of Borderless Executive Search and chairman of the SharedXpertise Forums Advisory Board.10. On my new job I spent the first month learning how an organization works.

Task 4. Complete the sentences with one of the idioms in focus, paying special attention to the form of the verbs.1. I will lose the house, I know that now! I would say to others, dont without taking legal advice!2. Once youve started operating as a .. photographer, you should understand the pros and cons of being self-employed.3. The heads of the world's leading companies admitted that overregulation has become the biggest threat to their businesses, in a sign of the dramatic creep of .. across the globe.4. Since John and his dad have worked in one department, they .. whenever they get together.5. Members of the Tour X Student Club arranged recently a barbecue style meeting with Mr. Johnson, the head of ANP Tours, to .. of tourism business.6. Faced with any sort of technology, very few people take the time to read instructions. Instead, they try to , making up their own ideas about what they're doing and why it works.7. Such agencies gather information first and then make the provocative calls to potential candidates.8. Our goal is to become your primary resource for any information related to obtaining and maintaining . positions, be it a career in the plant, as a skilled technician within the manufacturing industry, or as a self-employed service mechanic.9. While some schools were closed yesterday, others struggled on with a in order to take care of those pupils who hadnt heard about the teachers strike.10. So, today well show you the result. But most of the .. had been done by 1990.

Task 5. Translate the following sentences into English using idioms instead of the phrases underlined.1. , - .2. , .3. , .4. . , .5. , 20% .6. , .7. , .8. , 15- , .9. , .10. , . - !

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REVISION TEST 1UNITS 1 - 3 Task 1. Substitute in place of the words underlined a suitable idiomatic expression.1. "To find people with the right skills and to persuade them to leave their present job over here, we dont have to advertise in the main print media," said Mark Wylie, general manager of Apple Recruitment.2. Remember: your task is to attract investors who are not part of the company.3. Laser Research Inc. has had some separation of the one part of a parent corporation into an attached independent corporate firm in the eye surgery area. 4. This new senator really appeals to the ordinary people in an organization who have no special position in the labor unions.5. Excuse me, how many retail stores do you have in Donetsk region?6. Its a hot time for the owners of the overpriced young well-paid business people bars.7. The BCC says that the flow of new troublesome bureaucratic rules is continuing. Over the past two years the government has introduced new rules governing flexible working arrangements for parents.8. Socit Gnrale wants to be among important, influential people in the French banking.9. The changes have left only the smallest number of employees needed to keep the office to manage the transition of Netscape's development activities.10. Ive sent 10 letters to the most popular companies which produce advertising for another companies, inviting them to our Outdoor advertising seminars.11. When he was born with severe disabilities, doctors said he would not survive for long. But 19-year-old Mridul Seth has overcome all odds to become the MHMs young person who becomes successful very quickly, esp. in business.12. Firstly, you'll have to get permission from the important person. Secondly, try to get rid of that unmanageable person; dishonest & careless in business in your department.13. Citybus is just a small or young company, but they have a potential to become the leading transport corporation.14. The human resources department will reassure you that it's a minor detail-just to write your signature at the bottom of a contract, but in reality these documents are not minor.15. In his speech he even hasnt mentioned people who to make the preliminary preparations or do the preliminary research.16. After two difficult financial quarters, Intel on Wednesday reported about important changes in the highest levels of the company.17. Developing a new product, some manufacturers turn to designers working independently for different companies.18. 57% of the food market is presented by three food large, slow-moving companies that have not changed with the times, and we think its not good for the competition.

Task 2. Translate the following sentences into English using idioms instead of the phrases underlined.1. , .2. - , .3. , .4. . .5. .6. , - .7. , . -.8. , !9. , .10. , .11. .12. , , .13. , 60 .14.