Good Afternoon, Ladies and GentlemenCavity length [m] 3.0 1.8 2.0 3.0 Choke mode structure No Yes No...
Transcript of Good Afternoon, Ladies and GentlemenCavity length [m] 3.0 1.8 2.0 3.0 Choke mode structure No Yes No...
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Good Afternoon, Ladies and Gentlemen !!
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Acknowledgments:- Prof. Zhentang Zhao SINAP- Prof. Jochen R. Schneider DESY-CFEL- Committee Members of the Workshop- PAL IAC Members- Prof. K.-J. Kim (APS), Dr. J.R. Hwang (SLAC), Dr. P. Emma (SLAC)- LCLC (SLAC), SACLA (RIKEN/Spring-8), DESY, NSLS-II, SSRF- Asia-Oceania Forum for Synchrotron Radiation Research (AOFSRR)
- Korea XFEL Science Study Group - Korea XFEL Machine Study Group- Korea Synchrotron Radiation Users Association- PLS Members- POSTECH- Ministry of Education, Science & Technology, Korea
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Moonhor ReeSang Hoon Nam, Tai-Hee Kang, Heung-Sik Kang,Myoohyun Yoon, In-Soo Ko, and XFEL Division Members
Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (Pohang Light Source)Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH)
Tel: +82-54-279-1001; Fax: +82-54-279-0999E-mail: [email protected]://pal.postech.ac.krhttp://www.postech.ac.kr/mree
PAL-XFEL Project in Korea and Potential Applications in Advanced Sciences
PAL-XFEL Project in Korea and Potential Applications in Advanced Sciences
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4PALXFEL_BDWS_20110314
Moonhor Ree
1. Pohang Accelerator Laboratory(Director)- PLS-II (PLS)- PAL-XFEL*working with Korean Photon Science Community
2. Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTCH)(Postech Fellow & Professor)- Department of Chemistry- Division of Advanced Materials Science- Polymer Research Institute* working on Polymers (Physics & Chemistry)
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M. Ree’s Group (POSTECH)1. Research Fields<Polymer Physics>
- Nanostructures and Morphology - 3D Single Molecule Structure- Polymer Chain Conformation- Surface, Interfaces- Electric, dielectric, optical,
thermal, mechanical properties- Sensor properties
<Polymer Synthesis>- Functional polymers- Structural polymers- Polypeptides, DNA, RNA
2. Group Members 15 Ph.D. candidates
2 Postdoctors2 Technicians4 Scientists (PLS: Coworkers)
♦ Polymers for Microelectronics, Displays, & Sensors
♦ Polymers for Implants & Biological Systems
♦ Proteins & Polynucleic acids (DNA, RNA)
Polymer Synthesis & Physics Group Polymer Synthesis & Physics Group
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Missions of PAL
Quantum
Jump
(Upgra
de & XFEL)
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Two Major Missions of PLSTwo Major Missions of PLS1. PLS PLS-II : in Upgrading
2. XFEL (X-ray Free Electron Laser) Facility (4th Generation)* Energy: 10 GeV (0.1, 0.06 nm = λ)* 1 Hard X-ray Undulator 3* 1 Soft X-ray Undulator 2* Hard X-rays: 2 Exp. Stations ( 15)
Sofat X-rays: 2 Exp. Stations ( 10)(2011-2014): 426 M$
* Coherent X-ray Beam* Super-high Beam Flux* Nanoscale Beam Size* Femtosecond Pulse X-ray Beam
Major Upgrade -- (2009-2011): 100 M$* Higher Energy : 3.0 GeV (←2.5 GeV)* Smaller Emittance: 5 nm⋅rad (←18 nm ⋅rad)* Higher Beam Flux: 102-103 higher* More Insertion Device Beam Lines: 20 (←10)
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Polymer Synthesis and Physics Laboratory
Two Major Missions of PLSTwo Major Missions of PLS
1. PLS (3rd Generation) PLS-II : in Upgrading Major Upgrade -- (2009-2011)
* Higher Energy : 3.0 GeV (←2.5 GeV)* Smaller Emittance: 5 nm⋅rad (←18 nm ⋅rad)* Higher Beam Flux: 102-103 higher* More Insertion Device Beam Lines: 20 (←10)
5th Machine in the world(since 1994)
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Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
DesignPurchase
and Manufacturing
Setups
Dismantlement
Installation
Survey and Alignments
Commissioning
User service
Activity 2010201020092009 20112011 2012
3 Year for PLS Upgrade= 2 Year for Design and Manufacturing +0.5 Year for Dismantlement and Installation+0.5 Year for Commissioning
PLSPLS
PLS II Upgrade Schedule
PLS-IIPLS-IIShut-downYr 2011
Shut-downYr 2011
The storing of e-beam in the storage ringwas succeeded on August 5. (now, 40 mA/3.0 GeV).
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9C_10C_XRS II
2A_2A1_MS
4A_3A1,2_ARPES,ARUPS
8A_8A1,2_SPEM,PES II
6C_Bio-imaging(건설중)
2C_TR-XAFS (계획)
5A_5A_HFXS
1C_High energy(계획)
9A_9A_U-SAXS
10C_10A_HFXAFS
10A_Nanoscopy(건설중)
11A_Micro-MX (계획)
3A_11A_RXS
6A_HE-MS(계획)
5C_4A_HFMX
3C_4C1_SAXS I
4C_4C2_SAXS II
7A_6B_MX I
7C_1B2_XM I
8C_3C1_XAFS I
e-
PLS-IIStorage
Ring
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9 8
7
6
5
4
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1
12
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Long ID (LI)Short ID (SI)BM
Bending Magnet (20기)
Insertion Device (20기)
8D_8C1_POSCO
1B_Diagnostic I
1D_10B_KIST-PAL
2D_6C_MX II
3D_3C2_XRS I
4B_5C1_XMD
5D_5C2_GIST
6D_7B2_XM II
7D_7C_XAFS II
9B_8C2_HRPD
10D_7B1_PES I
9D_9C_XNMM
11B_11B
4D_4B1_PES II
7B_Diagnostic II
11D_IR(계획)
PLS II - Beamlines
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fs THz Facility (PAL)
Oscillator
Reg
en. A
mp.
Tripler
Laser Room
266 nm, 1 kHz
RF gun
Ti foil
Chicane 1CTR
THz radiationPSD
Analog PIDcontroller
Lead blocks
AC1 QD1
Stretcher
Spec
trom
ete
r
AC2 QD2
Chicane 2
QT1
LINAC
Laboratory
Analog PIDcontroller
QD
Pulse Compressor
OP
A
~1.4 mJ~1 cm diameter
OTR
EO Sampling
Regen. Amplifier 3W, 120 fs, 1KHz
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Specifications of Electron Linac
Parameters ValueBeam
ChargeBunch
Length after RF-Gun
Bunch Length after
ChicaneBeam EnergyBeam ChargeBeam EmittanceBeam Pulse Repetition Rate
60 MeV0.2-0.5 nC5 mm-mrad60 Hz max.
0.2 nC
0.5 nC
0.5 ps
2 ps
<75 fs
<150 fs
THzCTR
CSRmonitor Cherenkov
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PAL-XFELPohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL)
Pohang Light Source (PLS)
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14PALXFEL_BDWS_20110314
PAL-XFEL Project(2011-2014)
1. PAL Members2. Korea Synchrotron Radiation Users Association
- XFEL Machine Study Group- XFEL Science Study Group- University Groups
3. Companies (Korean/Foreign Companies)
4. LCLS (SLAC), SACLA (RIKEN/Spring-8),Euro XFEL/FLASH (DESY), Fermi-FEL,PSI-XFEL, etc.
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PLS NCNT
Pohang TechnoPark
MainCampus
Campus HotelDigital Library
BioTechCenterRobot Center
Apartments&
Dormitory
POSTECH Campus
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16FLSWS10_XFEL_20101105
XFELs around the World Project Type Location Country e-Beam (GeV) Photon (nm) Status
LEUTL SASE APS USA 0.22 660-130 Since 2001 TTF I SASE DESY Germany 0.3 125-85 Since 2002 SDL DUV-FEL HGHG SDL/NSLS USA 0.145 400-100 Since 2002 FLASH (TTF) SASE DESY Germany 1.0 12 - 6 Since 2006 SCSS Prototype SASE SPring-8 Japan 0.25 150-50 Since 2006 LCLS SASE SLAC USA 14.5 0.15 in 2009 SACLA SASE SPring-8 Japan 8 0.1 (0.05) in 2011 Euro XFEL SASE DESY Germany 17.5 0.05 in 2014
SPARC SASE INFN Frascati Italy 0.15 500 in 2007 FERMI HGHG Trieste Italy 1.2 10 in 2011
Soft X-ray FEL HGHG BESSY Germany 2.3 64 - 1.2 proposal SPARX HHG INFN Frascati Italy 1 - 2 1.5 proposal 4GLS HGHG Daresbury GB 0.6 100 - 19 proposal ARC-EN CIEL HHG Saclay France 0.7 1 proposal
PAL XFEL SASE Pohang Korea 10 0.06 in 2014PSI XFEL SASE PSI Swiss 5.8 0.1 (in 2016)
DUV/Soft X-ray HGHG SINAP China 0.8-1.3 >3 approved
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PLS PLS-IIPLS PLS-II
PLS-II Upgrade Project on-goingDBA, 3 GeV, 5.8nm.rad, 20 ID BLsProject Period : 2009 ~ 2011
Linac Energy : 10 GeVX-ray Wavelength : 0.06 nmProject Period : 2011 ~ 2014
PAL-XFELPAL-XFEL
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PAL-XFEL
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PAL-XFEL
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Beamline
Undulator
Building
Linac Hall
750
1. Assembly 20
2. Linac 650
3. BTL 80
UndulatorHall
250
XFEL Beamline
150
1. Front-end 30
2. Experiment hall 120
Total Length [m]
1150
Linac
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Land Preparation
■ Building Arrangement
Use only stable excavated area, without filled area.
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Inside Views of PAL-XFEL
Pre-injec
tor
LINAC
BTL
Undulato
rs
Experime
nts
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Issues considered in Machine Design
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FEL Wavelength and Tunability
Repetition Rate
Single/Multi-bunch Operation
RMS Photon Length and Variability
E-beam and Photon Beam Jitter
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XFEL Wavelength and Tunability
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Define as a Hard X-ray Machine0.7 – 0.06 nm (Target 0.06 nm)
With Soft X-ray Capability10 – 1 nm (still under debate)
Tunable by beam energy and/or undulator gap adjustment
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XFEL Repetition Rate
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User wish: 1 MHz repetition rate ( 1 μs pulse separation)
PAL XFEL- 120 Hz (with SLED) design for hard XFEL
Repetition rates in Other FacilitiesLCLS:- 120 Hz (with SLED) for hard XFEL- 360 Hz (without SLED) for soft XFELSACLA (RIKEN/Spring-8)- 60 Hz (with SLED) for hard XFELEuro XFEL- 10 Hz (180 kHz possibility) for hard XFEL
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XFEL Multi-bunch Operation
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LCLS: one or few with 120 Hz RF pulsesSACLA (Spring-8 XFEL): claiming 40~50 bunches in each of 60 RF pulses (238 MHz pre-buncher -> 4 ns separation)European XFEL: 2700 bunches in each of 10 RF pulses (220 ns spacing)
PAL XFEL: Single-bunches (one or few bunches) in each 120 Hz RF pulses
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XFEL RMS Photon Length and Variability
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Should be possible to vary photon beam pulse length: 100s fs – 10s fs (nominal: 50 fs)
Have a potential to generate < 5 fs Hard XFEL generation with low charge (20 pc)
Pursue ultra short < 0.5 fs XFEL generation scheme
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Minimize the e-beam jitter at the entrance of undulator: < 50 fs rms
Find a scheme to minimize overall photon beam jitter
E-beam and Photon Beam Jitter
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Major Parameters of PAL-XFEL
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FEL wavelength [nm] 0.06
Electron Linac
Beam energy [GeV] 10
Beam charge [nC] 0.2
Beam emittance [ mm-mrad] 0.5
Injector Gun Photocathode RF-gun
Peak current at undulator [kA] 3
Energy spread, σΔγ /γ 1.0 x 10-4
Repetition rate 120 Hz
Number of Bunch Single
Linac Structure S-band
Undulator Undulator type Out-vacuum
Undulator Period [cm] 2.14
Undulator Gap [mm] 6.8
Undulator parameter, K 1.516
Beta function [m] 20
Saturation Length [m] 100
FEL FEL Radiation Power [GW] 4.0
Rms Photon length [fs] 50
FEL Photons/pulse 1.0 E+11
Peak Brightness 1.3 E+32
Average Brightness 1.5 E+21
Wavelength
Soft x-ray: 1 nm ~ 10 nm
Hard X-ray: 0.7 ~ 0.06 nm
Photon beam Length
Nominal : 10 ~ 50 fs (200 pC)
Short : < 5 fs (20 pC)
Ultra short: < 0.5 fs
by ESASE scheme
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XFEL Configuration (S-band)
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PAL-XFEL Layout (1st Phase)
Photocathode RF-gun
Out vacuum Undulator(EURO-XFEL undulatordesign )
Modulator, Klystron S-band Accelerating Structure
Linac(650 m)
BTLUndulator Hall
(250 m)
Beamline(150 m)
20 m 670 m 750 m 1000 m 1150 m
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BTL and Undulator Hall
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Spectrometer (vertical)
Length: 2 mBend Angle: 4.9991 B-field: 1.454 T Drift Distance: 10 mVertical Offset: 0.8725 m
SoftXFEL
HardXFEL
Hard X-ray FEL (0.7 ~ 0.06 nm)
Soft X-ray FEL (10 ~ 1 nm)
Beam DumpLength: 7.5 m
Bend angle: 20.0 B-field: 1.551 T
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Linac Cavity for XFELLCLS SPring8 FEL Swiss XFEL Shanghai XFEL PAL XFEL
S-band2.856 GHz
C-band5.712 GHz
C-band5.712 GHz
C-band5.712 GHz
S-band2.856 GHz
Cavity length [m] 3.0 1.8 2.0 3.0
Choke mode structure No Yes No No No
Multi-bunch operation Two
bunches Possible Two bunches
One bunch
(Two
bunches)
Accelerating gradient
[MV/m]
Max 30 40 30
Operation 20 35 26.5 40 27
The maximum accelerating gradient of S-band accelerating structure is 30 MV/m, which is realized in the PLS 2.5 GeV Linac.
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Time Table of PAL X-FEL Project
R&D
Development of LLRF, Cavity BPM Development of undulator
FS-THz Beamline Construction: Development of RF-gun, Laser system, Modulator
User Service Operation StartFemto-second Pump-probe Experiment
Accelerator & Experimental areas
Component procurement, reception, assembly
Commissioning
BuildingPrepare construction
Civil engineering
Technical Infrastructure
Install components
Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Milestones
0.3 nmConceptual Design Report
0.1 nmConceptual Design Report
Technical Design Report
Start Const-ruction
Building Delivery
Start Operation
Start Routine Operation
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March 2003: X-FEL Design Task Force Team was set up in March 2003July 2004: VIP visited PALJanuary 2005: fs-THz Construction Start. Major R&D (RF-Gun, Laser System, Modulator, etc) started.
PALXFEL_BDWS_20110314
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PAL-XFEL Experimental Stations
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Full Energy Spectrum of X-ray Science
0.1 1 10 100
Soft XFEL
Photon Energy (keV)
Hard XFEL
10 1 0.1 0.01
Wavelength (nm)
Water Window Chemistry & Catalysis
Magnetism &
SuperconductivityProtein
Structure
Inorganic MaterialsComplexMaterials
Cell Imaging
PAL Hard X-ray FEL (0.7 nm – 0.06 nm)(1.8 keV – 20 keV)
PAL Soft X-ray FEL (10 nm – 1 nm)
(0.12 keV – 1.2 keV)
10 nm – 0.4 nm (124 eV – 3.1 keV)
0.4 nm – 0.01 nm (3.1 keV – 124 keV)XFEL:
• Ultra-Small Sciences• Ultra-Fast Sciences
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Korean XFEL Science CommitteeSummary of Scientific Cases for PAL-XFEL1. Fundamental Understanding of XFEL Interactions with
Matter (Hard and Soft)2. Molecule & Particle Imaging: Coherent Scattering
Imaging3. Atomic Physics4. Chemical Reaction Dynamics 5. Photoreaction Dynamics6. Nano-Photon Beam Science7. Nanomagnetism8. Correlated Electronic Systems 9. Surface Science; Catalysis10.Nano-Materials for Energy Applications11.Biomedical imaging12.Hard X-ray Transient Absorption Spectroscopy13. etc.
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PAL-XFEL Instrumentations (1st Phase)
(1) Hard X-ray XFEL Beamline (Planar Undulator) with 2-instrumentations
1. XPP (X-ray Pump Probe) Dynamics of photo-induced phase transitionsStudies of intense laser-matter interactionsTime-resolved studies of chemical dynamics in solutionDynamics of photoactive proteins
2. CXI/XCS (Coherent X-ray Imaging/X-ray Correlation Spectroscopy)Imaging of reproducible biomoleculesProtein NanocrystallographyImaging of nanoparticlesImaging of hydrated living cellsPump-probe imagingCoherence and CorrelationsStudies of Glassy DynamicsPhonon SpectroscopyTime-resolved Magnetic ScatteringNon-Equilibrium Dynamics
(2) Soft X-ray XFEL Beamline (Helical Undulator) with 2-instrumentations
1. XPP (Ultrafast Science) 2. CXI/XCS (Coherent Science)Pump-Probe Ultrafast Chemistry Ultrafast Coherent ImagingClusters as new Materials Magnetic Imaging
Strongly Correlated Materials
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EH & End Station Scientific Instruments40 x 120 m
3 m
10 x 1010 x 10 10 x 1010 x 8
Laser Booth
EH0(Optics)
EH1 (XPP)
EH2(XCS)
EH3(CXI)
EH1 EH2 EH3
EH5 EH4
• X-ray Hutch Height (HH) = 4 m• EH Ceiling Height = 2.5 x HH ~ 10 m• Heavy-Duty Overhead Crane (3 Tons)
Lifting Height = 2.0 x HH ~ 8 m
EH0
Soft X-ray Experimental Station
•Notice the short distance (3 m)between neighboring beamlines
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Technical Issues in XFEL Project• Optics
Synthetic Single Crystal Diamond Super-Smooth X-ray MirrorPinhole with perfect shape and surface roughnessUltra pure and perfect Be window Development
• Nanometer focusing techniquesWithout disturbing the coherence nature of XFEL
• DetectorsUltrafast & High Resolution Area Detector
• Sub-ps to fs timing techniquesPump-probe techniques (split & delay or synchronization)
• Imaging techniquesDevelopment of efficient phase retrieval methods
• Theoretical study of ultrafast and nonlinear phenomenaNew territory that have never before been observed
• Fast efficient data handlingReal time analysis of data to guide the ongoing experiments
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Open Questions on X-ray Optics with XFELKey Issues of
R&D Experimental Stage
Ultrafast Dynamics X-ray Diffraction:1. Development of Ultrafast Diffractive Optics2. Time-dependent Extended Takagi-Taupin Theory3. fs Laser Assisted Bragg Switch for X-ray4. X-ray Optical Femtosecond Streak Camera5. Ultrafast Phase Retarder6. Spectral Concentration of X-rays7. Fast Borrmann Shutter
Nonlinear/Quantum Optics:1. X-ray Parameteric Down Conversion2. Quantum Imaging
Development of X-ray Focusing Optics:1. Reflective Optics (Adaptive X-ray KB Mirror)2. Refractive Optics (Compound Refractive Lens)3. Diffractive Optics
New Scheme of Pump-Probe Technique:1. Pump: Optical Laser, Soft XFEL, Hard XFEL2. Probe: Soft & Hard X-ray
X-ray Parametric Down Conversion(Entangled X-ray Photon)
X-ray Spectral Concentrator
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PAL-XFEL Beamline Construction Groups(0) Overall Beamline Design Concept
(6) Computer-Aided Design
(5) Vacuum Beam Transport & Support SystemVacuum Component DesignBeamline Girder System
(1) Active Optical ElementsDouble Crystal MonochromatorHarmonic Rejection Mirror System
(2) Passive Optical Elements Collimator, Mask, SlitGas & Solid Attenuator, Shutter
(3) Laser & Timing
(4) Micron & Sub-Micron Focusing OpticsCompound Refractive LensKirkpatrick-Baez Mirror
(7) Interlock & Personal Safety System Design
(8) Radiation Safety System Design
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XFEL Photon Beam Diagnostics & Optical Laser
XFEL X-ray Beam Intensity/Position/Profile MeasurementMicro-Strip Ion Chamber, Differential Pumping System, Direct Beam Profile Imager
XFEL X-ray Beam Coherence MeasurementCCD Detector System, Micro-Slit & Pin-Hole System
XFEL X-ray Beam Spectrum MeasurementImage & Energy Dispersive Detector System
XFEL X-ray Beam Pulse Width Measurement R&DPhotoelectric Spectrum Broadening Measurement System, Optical Interferometer System
Nano Beam Focusing Optics Development & CharacterizationK-B Mirror System, Compound Refractive Lens System, Zone-Plate Development
Optical Pump Laser Development Tunable Optical Pump Laser System, Timing System
XFEL-Atom Interaction (Photo-Ionization Process) : Basic Research Nonlinear Effect in atomic & molecular Ionization Phenomena
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Open Questions in XFEL Parameters
1. Multi-Bunching Operation2. Bandwidth Narrowing Scheme3. AttoSecond XFEL Beam Operation4. Different Undulator Geometry (Vertical Arrangement)5. Minimum Wavelength Limit6. XFEL Pump & XFEL Probe (Two Color Source)
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Quantum
Jump
(Upgra
de & XFEL)
Thank you very much for attention !