Goniometry of UL

Goniometry of ULShoulder elevation

General Scan

General Scan

Associated movements

Upper extremity testing Landmarks Pure glenohumeral motion testing helps in identification of glenohumeral disordersDifferentiating and quantifing ROM at the glenohumeral joint from other joints in the shoulder complex is importantAROM makes it difficult to measure gleno-humeral motion hence should be avoided if only GLENO HUMERAL MOTION has to be recorded

Shoulder flexion

Start PositionStabilizationTherapists Distal Hand PlacementEnd PositionEnd feel

Shoulder flexion

Position of the goniometer FulcrumProximal Distal Lateral aspect of the greater tubercleParallel to the midaxillary lineLateral midline of the humerus

Taking reference points like later epicondyle may be misleading , as depends on the rotation of humerus 17

Shoulder Extension

Shoulder ExtensionPosition of the goniometer FulcrumProximal Distal Lateral aspect of the greater tubercleParallel to the midaxillary lineLateral midline of the humerus

Shoulder Extension

Shoulder AbductionPosition of the goniometer FulcrumProximal Distal Anterior aspect of the acromial processParallel to the midline of the anterior aspect of the sternumAnterior midline of the humerus

Shoulder AbductionPosition of the goniometer FulcrumProximal Distal Anterior aspect of the acromial processParallel to the midline of the anterior aspect of the sternumAnterior midline of the humerus

Shoulder Internal rotation

Shoulder internal rotationPosition of the goniometer FulcrumProximal Distal Over the olecranon processPerpendicular to or parallel with the floorAlign distal arm with the ulna

Shoulder External rotation

Shoulder external rotationPosition of the goniometer FulcrumProximal Distal Over the olecranon processPerpendicular to or parallel with the floorAlign distal arm with the ulna

Shoulder Horizontal / Abduction and Adduction

ElbowLandmarks

Shoulder External rotation

Elbow FlexionPosition of the goniometer FulcrumProximal Distal Over the lateral epicondyle of the humerusLateral midline of the humerusLateral midline of the radius, using the radial head and radial styloidprocess for reference

Forearm pronation/ supination

Forearm Pronation / SupinationPosition of the goniometer FulcrumProximal Distal Medially and just proximally to the ulnar styloid processParallel to the anterior midlineof the humerusVentral aspect of the forearm, just proximal to the styloid processes

Forearm pronation/ supination

Forearm Pronation Position of the goniometer FulcrumProximal Distal Laterally and proximally to the ulnar styloid processParallel to the anterior midlineof the humerusDorsal aspect of the forearm, just proximal to the styloid processes ofthe radius and ulna

Wrist

Wrist flexion / extensionPosition of the goniometer FulcrumProximal Distal lateral aspect of the wrist over the triquetrumLateral midline of the ulnaLateral midline of the fifth metacarpal

Wrist radial / ulnar deviationPosition of the goniometer FulcrumProximal Distal Dorsal aspect of the wrist over the capitate.Dorsal midline of the forearmDorsal midline of the third metacarpal

MCP Flexion and extension

Position of the goniometer FulcrumOver the dorsal aspect of the MCP jointProximal Dorsal midline of the metacarpalDistal dorsal midline of the proximal phalanx

Position of the goniometer FulcrumOver the dorsal aspect of the PIP joint Proximal Dorsal midline of the proximal phalanxDistal dorsal midline of the 2nd phalanx PIP Flexion and extension

Position of the goniometer FulcrumOver the dorsal aspect of the MCP joint Proximal Dorsal midline of the metacarpalDistal dorsal midline of the proximal phalanx

DIP Flexion and extensionCARPOMETACARPAL FLEXION

Position of the goniometer FulcrumPalmar aspect of the first CMC jointProximal Ventral midline of the radius using the ventral surface of the radial head and radial styloid process for referenceDistal Ventral midline of the first metacarpal

CARPOMETACARPAL FLEXIONPosition of the goniometer FulcrumPalmar aspect of the first CMC jointProximal Ventral midline of the radius using the ventral surface of the radial head and radial styloid process for referenceDistal Ventral midline of the first metacarpalCARPOMETACARPAL EXTENSIONPosition of the goniometer FulcrumPalmar aspect of the first CMC jointProximal Ventral midline of the radius using the ventral surface of the radial head and radial styloid process for referenceDistal Ventral midline of the first metacarpal

CARPOMETACARPAL EXTENSIONPosition of the goniometer FulcrumPalmar aspect of the first CMC jointProximal Ventral midline of the radius using the ventral surface of the radial head and radial styloid process for referenceDistal Ventral midline of the first metacarpal

CARPOMETACARPAL OPPOSITIONMeasuring the shortest distance between the tip of the thumb and the proximal digital crease of the little finger