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GOLDEN ARCHITECTURE AT THE OLPRESENTED BY: GAEL TABET

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THE MASTER PLA

In 1997, it was announced that the Olympicgames would finally return to Athens, itsbirthplace. Following this decision, Athensrecognized that their current facilities wereinsufficient for the scale of the Olympics.Realizing that much work needed to be doneto upgrade their facilities in time, city officialsand the organizing committee officiallycommission architect Santiago Calatrava tothe job on October 9, 2001.

Calatravas objective was to unify the existing, dispstructures, and give it a defined character. Though crewsvolunteers worked to the last minute, Calatrava succeed

creating a coherent space and enjoyable atmosphere in timsatisfy the millions of spectators, the athletes, and their counUpon completion, Calatrava declared, Its a small city- a sports.3

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THE VELODROME- PRECED

SKETCHES OF HUMAN MOVEMENT OUT OF CALATRAVAS S

MARSEILLE VELODROME SUBMISSION DESIGNE

CALATRAVAS SKETCHES

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THE VELODROME- ROOF D

According to Santiago Calatrava, the designs includein the complex also drew from Byzantine architectuin Greek culture. He considered the arches and vaultassociated with this architecture suitable for spanninthe large spaces.The roof of the Velodrome is one of these structuredesigned by Calatrava in the Olympic Complex. Ushis own previous designs and sketches of the humabody and of nature as precedents, Calatrava created suspended roof structure over an existing stadium withe purpose of protecting the athletes and spectatorsfrom natural elements.The roof is wood-clad on the interior (for accoustpurposes) while the exterior is mainly metal withcentral strip of laminated, sun-reflective glass. Thescomponents are then hung by 152 cables to a pair obowstring tied arches made of tubular steel.7

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THE VELODROME- UNDER CONSTR

The Velodrome roof consists of 3800 tons of steel in 26000 parts, and runs 153 meters inlength (approximately 505 feet). Each piece isdifferent, and practically none connect in anorthagonal manner.1Since the existing stadium needed to berenovated simultaneously with the constructionof the roof, much of the roof construction wasdone on piers on a site directly adjacent tothe building and were then slid into place byhydraulic jacks. The metal and wood claddingwere added once the structure was in place.The link below shows the roof being set intoplace:2

Roof In Motion

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THE VELODROME- STRUC

The structure of the Velodrome mainly consists ofour arched tubes running in the same directiontwo to resist torsion, and two suspending theroof materials by cables. The torsion tubes on thinterior of the space connect to a series of archedtrusses, 23 meters apart, running perpendicular tothe arches from which they cantilever. The trussealso connect to a rim along the exterior. All othese elements collect the load and direct it to foufoundation points.This type of structure allows for a long, columfree space, giving the audience a clear view of thevents.

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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS- AR

The arches are curved along the long axis of thstructure, and take the shape of an elongateddome. This longer curvature reduces their outwarthrust, thus making the structure more sturdy.These arches are also angled away from the centrallongitudinal axis to allow gravity to help the tubpull the cables into tension and transfer the load othe roof through the arch and into the foundation.The light, truss-like beams, curved to the shapof the roof, are located on the interior to stiff thstructure. Along with providing the form work fthe curvature of the roof, the trusses work as crosbracing to resist torsion.The roof is truly an ethereal structure withacceptable oscillations and displacements of thesystem.5

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THE VELODROME- IMA

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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS- FOUNDA

The four points upon which the roof rests afix it to pfoundations. A major concern for the calculations the roofs foundations was the seismicity in AthenThis critical load case determined the final crosssections and the size of the foundation in general5

Another issue concerning the structure, was thefact that this foundation did not provide any latersupport. In this case, The arch action depends on horizontal thrust provided by the tying elementthe torsion arch and a series of cables. Actuallythere is some bending involved that makes thwhole system behave more like a tied beam,1 or ahorizontal beam used to prevent two other structuramembers from spreading apart or separating.5

In the end, the entire system rests gently on thesite, and achieves its intended purpose: to providan enjoyable environment for the spectators of th2004 Olympics and of future sporting events.

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CELEBRATING THE E

Traditional Ceremonies at the Olympic Stadium

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WORKS CITED

1. Athens 2004. Advertisement. 30 Apr. 2007 .

2. Dandilidis, Nikos. Sliding of Olympic Velodrome Roof. 2004. Athens. nikosdandilidis.photography. 2

2007 .

3. Gonchar, Joann, and Sam Lubell. Olympic Stadium: Athens Greece. Architectural Record. June (20

232.

4. Lyall, Sutherland. Olympic Champion. Metal Works (2004): 4-11.

5. Pollalis, Prof. Spiro N., comp. The Roof of the Olympic Stadium For The 2004 Athens Olympic Gam

From Concept to Implementation. Feb. 2006. Harvard Design School. 30 Apr. 2007 .

6. Tie Beam. Answers.Com. Apr.-May 2007 .

7. Tzonis, Alexander. Santiago Calatrava: the Athens Olympics. New York: Rizzoli International Public

Inc., 2005.