Gokul Assignment

download Gokul Assignment

of 85

Transcript of Gokul Assignment

  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    1/85

    AUTOCADD ASSIGNMENT - Reference volume - I

    WORKSPACES

  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    2/85

    There are three major workspace available in Autocad 2011. They are

    2D Drafting and Annotation

    3d modeling

    Autocad classic

    This is how to change the work space as required.By selecting the drop up menu available at the application status bar we

    can switch the workspaces.

    Ribbon

    command: ribbon

    to close the ribbon : command: ribbonclose

    Ribbon :

    Ribbons are floating panels containing tools that are required at 2d

    drafting &3d modeling workspaces

    Drawing status bar :

    It consists of the status of the drawing, (i.e) the ratio of the drawing etc..,

    Tool tips :

    Basic tool tips extended tool tips

  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    3/85

    Basic tool tips : It is the tip which is available, when the pointer is placed

    over the tool to be used

    Extended Tool Tip: It is the extended information given when the

    pointer is placed over the tool for a little more period.

    Extended tool tips Basic tool tip

    CO ORDINATE SYSTEM:Co-ordinates is defining the positions of the points on the

    application. They are respectively to the x axis and y axis of the drawing.There are three main co ordinate systems available in autocad they are:

  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    4/85

    Absolute co ordinate system.

    Relative rectangular co ordinate system

    Relative polar co ordinate system

    Absolute co ordinate system:

    Specify a point by entering its x and y values in the format X,Y.Absolute Coordinates uses the Cartesian System to specify a position in the X,

    Y, and (if needed) Z axes to locate a point from the 0-X, 0-Y, and 0-Z (0,0,0)

    point. To locate a point using the Absolute Coordinate system, type the X-value,

    Y-value, and, if needed, the Z-value separated by commas (with no spaces).

    Example:

    If you type 12,8 for a position, AutoCAD will locate an entity or part of an entity

    12 along the X-axis and 8 along the Y-axis.

    Suppose if u want to draw a line using line command co ordinate input tothe drawing is

    command : L (shortcut for line command )

    specify first point : 0,0specify next point : 12,8

    Advantages : Absolute drawings can be drawn to the respective co ordinates

    Disadvantages

    We should know the positions of the co ordinates for all points whichis not possible in drawing complicated diagrams

    RELATIVE RECTANGULAR COORDINATE

    A RELATIVE RECTANGULAR COORDINATE allows you tospecify a position along the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis (if needed)to locate a point relative to the last point you specified.

    To locate a point using the RelativeRectangularCoordinate system,type @ and then the X-value,Y-value, and, if needed, the Z-value,separated by commas and no spaces.

    Example:If your last point was at 12,8 (see FIGURE below), you can type @11,7

  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    5/85

    and AutoCAD will locate an entity or point 11 along the x axis and 7along the y axis from the 12,8 point.

    The equivalent absolute coordinate of@11,7 would be 23,15 or 12+11on the X-axis, and 8+7 on theY-axis.

    RELATIVE POLAR COODINATES

    RELATIVE POLAR COODINATES allow you to select a point that is aspecific length and at a specific angle to the last point indicated.

    To locate a point using a RelativePolarCoordinate:type @, the length of the line,a more than symbol (< )followed by the desired angle of the line.DO NOT add spaces between the @, the line length value, the Draw panel (expanded)>Revision Cloud, or start the REVCLOUD command. You see the followingprompt:

    Minimum arc length: 2-8 Maximum arc length: 2-8 Style: NormalSpecify start point or [Arc length/Object/Style] :

    The first line shows the existing settings. Use the Arc Length option to setthe minimum and maximum arc lengths that make up the cloud. Themaximum can be up to 3 times the minimum. When you create a range,the result looks more hand drawn. You can pick each arc point to controlthe size of the arcs, but if your picks are longer than the maximum arclength, AutoCAD creates the arc automatically.

    Use the Object option to select an object and place the cloud around thatobject. The object must be a polyline, spline, or circle.

    A revision cloud around an object

  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    65/85

    You often need to change the arc length to make a revision cloud lookgood around various sized areas.

    Use the Style option to choose either Normal (the default) or Calligraphy,which creates beautiful clouds that look as if theyre created with a

    calligraphy pen.

    A revision cloud using the Calligraphy style

    When youre done with your settings, just drag around the area to drawthe revision cloud. When you get back to the beginning, AutoCAD closesthe cloud for you. You can end the cloud at any point by pressing Enter;use this technique to create an unclosed cloud. Drawing a revision cloud isdifferent from other drawing tasks because you drag rather than specifystart and end points.

    AutoCAD Revision Cloud

    The Revision Cloud has options and related variables.

    Minimum arc length: 4'-0" Maximum arc length: 4'-0" Style: Normal

    Specify start point or [Arc length/Object/Style]

    http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_6Ky-pPB47Es/Rp-kdaOBSuI/AAAAAAAAAFg/31-Z1InDuxk/s1600-h/revision+cloud.jpg
  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    66/85

    First, the arc length defines the size of the "bubble" in the cloud. Second,The Object option allows you to choose a closed polyline (could berectangle or circle as well) and turn it into a revision cloud.

    There is a DELOBJ variable that is set to 1 by default. This variable allows

    the Object to be deleted when the REVCLOUD is created from an Object.

    I'm not sure when the Style option was added. I'm fairly certain that itwasn't available in 2004, but it is in 2008. Autodesk doesn't tell you aboutevery command change and option so often nuances such as this justappear and it may take a release or two to even notice if you do notice.

    The Style option has choices for Normal and Calligraphy. The Calligraphy

    style looks almost like brush strokes when you zoom into it. It has thin andwide portions on the arcs.

    ADDING COMMANDS TO YOUR TOOLBAR

    Yes, I know that the new CUI makes a lot of users feel crazy. But to add the

    Revision Cloud to your toolbar, you don't even have to open the CUI dialog box.

    Here's a simple way to do it and one that will make you feel almost like the way

    we used to modify toolbars in the past.

    http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_6Ky-pPB47Es/Rp-vPaOBSzI/AAAAAAAAAGI/GG-iGansruY/s1600-h/rev+cloud+cal.jpghttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/_6Ky-pPB47Es/Rp-udKOBSxI/AAAAAAAAAF4/PUA1Frg4mZg/s1600-h/rev+clouds.jpg
  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    67/85

    By right-clicking near a toolbar (not on) in the gray area where there is no toolbar

    or by right-clicking on the striped area at the head of any toolbar you will be able

    to choose Customize. You can also do this by going into the CUI file, but this is

    more of an abbreviated version.

    Find the command you want and drag it to your toolbar. Tada!

    One more note about Revision Clouds. They are based on DIMSCALE. So if you

    are creating one in model space vs. paperspace, you might notice a difference

    because of your dimscale. Just a word to the wise. I've seen this cause a problem

    once so I'm passing the tip on to you.

    http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_6Ky-pPB47Es/Rp-xVKOBS0I/AAAAAAAAAGQ/vo2M_mFLsYs/s1600-h/command+on+toolbar.jpghttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/_6Ky-pPB47Es/Rp-xVKOBS1I/AAAAAAAAAGY/Zb5xy5YIeBQ/s1600-h/customize+toolbar.jpg
  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    68/85

    TextText can be added to an Autocad drawing to create notes and labels on your drawings.There are two different text commands used to add text to drawings: Text and Mtext.

    The text command is a simple way to add basic text notes. The height and rotation ofthe text can be quickly specified and the text can be viewed on the drawing while beingtyped.Try adding a small piece of text in a new drawing using the text command:

    1) Enter the command text into the command console then hit return

    2) When prompted for a start point, select somewhere in the screen just left of centre

    3) When asked for a height, enter 3

    4) When asked for a rotation angle, hit enter to accept the default of 0.

    5) Now simply enter your text. Type: Autocad Central then hit return to start a new lineType: Lesson 8

    6) Hit return twice to exit the text command.

    The text should be on two separate lines as shown below:

    Try selecting the text. Notice how each line is separately selectable and independent ofthe previous line? Although the text command is simple to use, as each line is separatelyeditable, modifying notes on a drawing can become a nightmare! This text type is calledsingle line text.

    Multiline TextMultiline text is the more advanced text tool within Autocad. It can be chosen from the

    'draw' toolbar by this icon: .The multiline text command has its own editor, with all the options available that you'dexpect to see in a word processing program. Also, all text on separate lines is treatedtogether, so editing notes and sentences is simple.

    1) Select the multiline command button

    2) We are prompted to select a first corner then second corner. This invisible boundarysets the horizontal extent of the text. When text is entered into the multiline text editor,it will automatically start a second line when it comes to the edge of the text box wespecified. Similar to getting to the right hand margin in a text editor. Select a box roughlya quarter of the drawing area.

    3) The Multiline Text Editor then appears:

  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    69/85

    The main character tab of the text editor box is where we choose the font style, textheight, colour and also add symbols such as diameter or degrees symbols.The Properties tab is where we can change the text rotation and paragraph justificationsettings.

    Change the text style to 'Arial'.

    4) Set text height to 3

    5) Enter the following text into the text editor window: Autocad Central

    6) Hit enter for a new line, then enter: Lesson 8

    7) Press the ok button to place the text into the drawing (The text placement will bejustified as set in the properties-justification setting in the text editor, relative to the textarea box we selected in step 1)

    Notice how when the text is selected, it is treated as one entity rather than separatelines? This makes it much easier and quicker to edit. To edit the text in the drawing area,simply double click the text with the cursor to open up the text editor.

    Text in Autocad is treated like every other object, it can be rotated, mirrored, exploded,moved layers etc.

    When setting the text height, it is important to remember that it is relative to the unitsyou are using. For example, if you decide that 1 Autocad unit is equal to a metre, then

    setting a text height of 3 would result in 3m high text, and would tower over the drawing!A text size of somewhere around 0.02 would probably be more appropriate. When firstusing text, a small amount of trial and error is required to get the text height to asuitable size. Try to aim for a text height which measures between 2 and 3mm inpaperspace for general notes.

    Tables

    Author: Alireza Parsai

    http://www.cadpanel.com/alireza/index.htmhttp://www.cadpanel.com/alireza/index.htm
  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    70/85

    Creating tables in AutoCAD 2005 is nothing but fun. The new TABLEcommand enables you to draw tables and part-lists as easy as a click.However you need to define the table settings with the TABLESTYLEcommand first. The following tutorial demonstrates how to define tablestyles and how to insert tables.

    Notes:

    This tutorial is designed for AutoCAD 2005.

    In this tutorial user entries are in boldface.

    The symbol represents pressing Enter.

    1. Download the 2005_tables.dwg. Select the Presentation layout [Figure01].

    Figure 01 (click the image to enlarge)

    http://www.cadpanel.com/cadpanel/trainees/2005tables/2005_tables.dwghttp://www.cadpanel.com/tutorials/2005tables/2005_tables001.pnghttp://www.cadpanel.com/cadpanel/trainees/2005tables/2005_tables.dwg
  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    71/85

    2. Invoke the TABLESTYLE command (choose Format > Table Style). TheTable Style dialog box appears [Figure 02].

    Figure 02

    3. On the right side of the dialog box, click the New button. The CreateNew Table Style dialog box appears. Type Furniture as the style name[Figure 03].

    Figure 03

    4. Click Continue. The New Table Style dialog box appears [Figure 03].

  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    72/85

    Figure 04

    5. Make sure that the Data tab is selected. From the Text style list selectDefault. Type 2.5 in the Text height box. Select Middle Center for theAlignment. In the Border Properties section, select Blue for the Grid color.Click the All borders button [Figure 05].

  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    73/85

    Figure 05

    6. Click the Column Heads tab and change the settings as shown in Figure06.

  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    74/85

    Figure 06

    7. Select the Title tab and change the settings as shown in Figure 07.

  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    75/85

    Figure 07

    8. On the right side of the dialog box alter the Table direction to Up[Figure 08].

  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    76/85

    Figure 08

    9. Click OK.

    10. In the Table Style dialog box. Select the Furniture style and then clickSet Current. Click Close.

    11. Invoke the TABLE command (choose Draw > Table). The Insert Tabledialog box appears [Figure 09].

  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    77/85

    Figure 09

    12. Make sure that Furniture is the current Table Style.

    13. Alter the number of columns to 4 and the Column width to 42.5 [Figure10].

  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    78/85

    Figure 10

    14. Click OK. You are prompted to specify the insertion point of the table.Click the upper left corner of the title block. The table is inserted properly.You need to fill in the table cells [Figure 11].

    Figure 11

    15. In the Title box type Furniture Set. Click Tab. In the column headingstype Name, Code, Manufacturer, and Unit Price respectively. Each timeyou are finished with a heading you need to press Tab. Click OK. Zoom

    into the new table [Figure 12].

  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    79/85

    Figure 12 (Click the image to enlarge)

    16. Move the table 4 units up:

    Command: m

    MOVESelect objects: L 1 foundSelect objects: Specify base point or displacement: 0,4 Specify second point of displacement or :

    17. Double-click the Name heading. Add Furniture to the beginning of thetext and then click OK [Figure 13].

    Figure 13 (Click the image to enlarge)

    18. Click the cell on top of the Code heading. Drag to select the cell tothe right of the selected cell [Figure 14].

    http://www.cadpanel.com/tutorials/2005tables/2005_tables013.pnghttp://www.cadpanel.com/tutorials/2005tables/2005_tables012.png
  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    80/85

    Figure 14

    19. Right-click in drawing area. From the shortcut menu select Merge > All[Figure 15].

    Figure 15

    20. Press Esc. The result is shown on figure 16.

    http://www.cadpanel.com/tutorials/2005tables/2005_tables016.png
  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    81/85

    Figure 16 (Click the image to enlarge)

    21. Close the file without saving.

    Zoom CommandsHere we'll take a quick look at the various zoom commands available, and their uses.This tutorial requires you to download the AutoCAD drawing file Lesson3.dwg

    Lesson3.dwg (AutoCAD 2000 File Version)lesson3r14.dwg(AutoCAD R14 File Version)

    1) Load up the file, the drawing is of a steel plate with 6 mounting screws.

    To see all of the available zoom commands, the zoom toolbar needs to be visible. Load inthe zoom toolbar (For those who can't remember: Go to the 'view' drop down menu, thenselect toolbars. Check the 'zoom' box then choose close. Move the toolbar to aconvenient location)

    AutoCAD's zoom command toolbar:

    Commands (From Left to Right):

    Zoom Window : Select a window over the location to zoom into. AutoCAD will zoom inclose to the object including everything within the selection box.

    Zoom Dynamic : Enables the user to set the size of a standard zoom window type box,then use this box to select zoom in views of the drawing with this box with clicks of themouse button. (Not as powerful as zoom window in my opinion)

    Zoom Scale : Enables the user to zoom into the drawing to a known scale (referred to asan 'XP value'). This type of zoom is not required until you are ready to plot the drawing.Don't worry, you're not expected to understand the use of this command yet! It will becovered in the paperspace/layout view tutorial.

    Zoom Centre : Specify a centre point, then a radius and AutoCAD will centre this view tofit your screen.

    Zoom In : Pretty simple, zooms into the drawing slightly by each click! Quick 'n' simple!

    Zoom Out : Same as above, but zoom out by each click.

    Zoom All : Zooms to the extents of the drawing limits. Don't worry about this just yet.

    Zoom Extent : This is a very useful command. One press will zoom to the extent of theentire drawing enabling a very quick overview of the project and an easy starting point tozoom into a more precise area of the drawing with one of the above tools.

    http://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/Rick%20Wasinger/My%20Documents/My%20Web%20Sites/mysite4/Tutorials/Lesson%203/lesson3.dwghttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/Rick%20Wasinger/My%20Documents/My%20Web%20Sites/mysite4/Tutorials/Lesson%203/lesson3r14.dwghttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/Rick%20Wasinger/My%20Documents/My%20Web%20Sites/mysite4/Tutorials/Lesson%203/lesson3.dwghttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/Rick%20Wasinger/My%20Documents/My%20Web%20Sites/mysite4/Tutorials/Lesson%203/lesson3r14.dwg
  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    82/85

    2) You should have the lesson3.dwg file open in AutoCAD. If not then open it up now.Time to try some zoom commands out.

    3) Press the zoom window button. AutoCAD asks for the first corner of the box you areabout to draw. This corner can be any corner of the zoom box we will specify. Choose an

    area just to the top left of the left side middle screw (see below). AutoCAD now asks forthe opposite corner, select to the bottom right of the screw ensuring the screw is clearlyinside the zoom box.You should now have a clear view of the screw.

    4) Now try the zoom in and zoom out buttons. Notice how they knock the zoom in andout by a set amount each time, just comfortable enough to get a wider/closer view where

    required.

    5) Now press the zoom extents button. This zooms back to see the entire drawingcentred in the screen.

    Have a play with the commands , viewing different areas of the drawing until you feelcomfortable manipulating the zoom to suit the view you require.

  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    83/85

    REGEN, REGENALL and

    RENGENAUTO

    Commands

    While constructing drawings in the model space, you may encountersituations whereby you may have to regenerate your drawings. AutoCAD'searlier versions used to fill up the screen with little plus signs called BLIPs.

    Fig.1

    Every point you mark on the screen is marked with a little plus sign whenthe BLIPMODE is switched on. These signs disappeared whenever adisplay command (like ZOOM and PAN) was used. In some cases, they didnot disappear at all. It's a good thing that new versions of AutoCAD comewith BLIPMODE turned off as default. The REGEN simply regenerates allthe drawing elements in your drawing, effectively eliminating "noise" (i.e.unwanted signs/appearances on screen).When is the REGEN command necessary?

    If circles appear like polygons on your screen: When you zoom a lot, thecircles start appearing more and more like polygons. You need to REGEN

    in this situation.

    http://www.dailyautocad.com/2010/03/regen-regenall-and-rengenauto-commands.htmlhttp://www.dailyautocad.com/2010/03/regen-regenall-and-rengenauto-commands.htmlhttp://www.dailyautocad.com/2010/03/regen-regenall-and-rengenauto-commands.htmlhttp://www.dailyautocad.com/2010/03/regen-regenall-and-rengenauto-commands.htmlhttp://www.dailyautocad.com/2010/03/regen-regenall-and-rengenauto-commands.htmlhttp://www.dailyautocad.com/2010/03/regen-regenall-and-rengenauto-commands.html
  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    84/85

    Fig.2

    After editing any layer property: A REGEN might be necessary after anyedits on a layer property. For example changing the line thickness mayrequire a REGEN to reflect the changes.

    Zooming with the mousewheel: If you find out that you cannot zoom in/outfurther using the mouse wheel, then it's time for a REGEN.

    The REGENALL Command:

    If you're using VIEWPORTs in your drawing and you have several of themin your LAYOUT, you 'll have to use the REGENALL command to regenerateall the drawings.

    Fig.3

    The REGENAUTO Command:

    The REGENAUTO command can be set at ON or OFF. The system variable

  • 8/3/2019 Gokul Assignment

    85/85

    controlling this is the REGENMODE. When set "ON", it works whenever aREGEN is necessary. I don't recommend this. In large drawings, it justkeeps regenerating.

    Functions keys

    F1: HelpF2: toggles between command window on/ offF3: Osnap on or offF4: Tablet on or off (obsolete)F5: Switching Isoplane views (obsolete)F6: Dynamic UCS on or offF7: Toggle "Grid" on or off. You can also type GF8: Toggle "Ortho" on or off. You can also type O

    F9: Toggle "Snap" on or off. You can also type BF10: Polar on or offF11: Object Snap Tracking on or offF12: dynamic input on or off