going beyond the spatial mismatch hypothesis
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-going beyond the spatial mismatch hypothesis
John ÖsthDepartment of Social & Economic Geography @ Uppsala University, Sweden
New measure for labor market assessment
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Accessibility measures are typically used to – Express proximity in general– Express the relationship between supply and
demand, as used in:• Spatial Mismatch hypothesis• Gender and class related hypotheses (HRH, etc)
– Assist localization decision
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Measuring accessibility1) Outcome measures of accessibility
• Commuting time/distance
2) Potential measures of accessibility• Catchment area analysis (job housing
balance ratio, etc)
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Principle behind outcome measures of accessibility–Distance/time commuted represent
individual’s accessibility– Poor accessibility (long commutes)
Problems using outcome measures of accessibility–Endogeniety –Only commuters can be used
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Principle behind potential measures of accessibility
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Measurement bias using potential models
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Complex models of potential accessibility
)()(),...,()(),()(),( 21111 DfSfSfDfDfSfSfaccessi
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The ELMO-model is…• Estimated Labor Market Outcome
• A doubly constrained measure of potential accessibility
• Four major benefits– Individual input - individual output– Comparison – Non-iterative– Multi-topological
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ELMO topologies• A) Absolute Space (dichotomy)
• B) Relative Space (distance decay)
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ELMO Step 1: A crude measure of accessibility
The labor suppliers’ potentialinterest in each unit of demand for labor available within the catchment area.
S = 5AD = 50Z = 0.1
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ELMO step 2: Introducing competition for jobs
the relation between the local demand (D) for labor and thepotential labor supply (AZ) is expressed. The abbreviation DC represents demand when competition is accounted for.
D = 100AZ = 2DC = 50
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ELMO step 3: Accessibility to competition adjusted jobs
The (aggregated) competed for jobs (ADC) are related to the local suppliers’ potential interest in the demand available within the catchment-area (Z).
ADC = 100Z = 0.1EE = 10
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ELMO step 3: Accessibility to competition adjusted jobs
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Example of ELMO-output
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The future of ELMO• Funding to develop an “easy to use”
program (accessibility/localization)
• Developing ELMO-topologies
• Period 2007-2009
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THE END
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