GOES Solar Radiation Products in Support of Renewable Energy
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Transcript of GOES Solar Radiation Products in Support of Renewable Energy
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010
GOES Solar Radiation Products in Support of Renewable Energy
Istvan Laszlo1(GOVERNMENT PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR), Hongqing Liu2, Andrew Heidinger1, Mitch Goldberg1
1NOAA/NESDIS/STAR/SMCD, 2DPSGSRequirements: •Expand and enhance advanced technology monitoring and observing systems to
provide accurate, up-to-date information.•Develop and apply new technologies, methods, and models to increase the
capabilities, efficiencies, and accuracy of transportation-related products and services.
Science: How does the solar radiation available at the surface change as a function of atmospheric and surface conditions?
Benefit: The renewable energy industry will have surface solar radiation products that•benefit siting of future solar farms, •help integration of solar energy into the national and regional electrical grid
systems, and•increase confidence in resource estimation for future planning.
Science Challenges: Calibration of past and current GOES visible measurements should be improved to increase accuracy of insolation products. Separation of atmospheric and surface effects, and estimation of surface solar radiation over snow remain challenging.
Next Steps: Improve retrievals over snow; Implement new aerosol climatology and improve retrieval of direct beam irradiance; Re-process historic GOES data.
Transition Path: Update processing system for new satellite; disseminate data via the internet and archive at NCDC.
The Retrieval Algorithm
Surface Solar Radiation Products at STAR
The solar energy business sector requires high quality solar radiation data (total irradiance and direct beam irradiance) that provide national and regional coverage, especially in regions with high potential for solar energy (SE).
Surface solar radiation estimated from measurements made by instruments on geostationary platforms can provide the data needed as these satellites make frequent observations of the same location during the course of a day. Several such products are generated or planned at STAR.
Evaluation of GOES Surface Solar Radiation
Example of GSIP-fd Results
Characteristics of GOES Surface Solar Radiation Products
Current Future
Product GSIP-CONUS GSIP-fd GOES-R/ ABI
Domain CONUS Northern Hemisphere (NH)
Full Disk (FD)
CONUS (C)
Full Disk (FD)
Mesoscale (M)
Spatial Resolution ~56 km
(0.5x0.5 degrees)
~14 km (4 km)
(1/8x1/8 degrees)
C: 25 km (2km)
FD: 50 km (2km)
M: 5 km
Temporal Res. instantaneous instantaneous instantaneous
Refresh rate 1 hour 1 hour (NH); 3 hours (FD 1 hour (15 minutes)
Latency 50 minutes 50 minutes 54 minutes
Variables provided •all-sky surface global downward SW flux•all-sky surface global upward SW flux•all-sky surface diffuse downward SW flux•all-sky surface global downward visible•all-sky surface diffuse downward PAR•clear-sky surface global downward SW flux•clear-sky surface global upward SW flux
•all-sky surface global downward SW flux•all-sky surface global upward SW flux•all-sky surface global downward visible•clear-sky surface global downward SW flux•clear-sky surface global upward SW flux
•all-sky surface global downward SW flux•all-sky surface global absorbed (net) SW flux•(all-sky surface direct downward SW flux)
Evaluation with historic data. Bias (top) and root-mean-square (bottom) differences of hourly (left) and monthly (right) GSIP-fd and surface fluxes for Feb-Dec 2001. Land sites: BON, FPK, GWN, PSU. Ocean sites; COVE, TAO1, TAO2.
Acquire GOES Imager files
Generate Clear Composite
GOES Imager AREA Files
GFS data
Acquire and remap IMS snow data
IMS snow data
GSIP-v2retrieve cloud
properties, retrieve SW flux,retrieve LW flux
Pre-processing Main processing
ReformattedGFS data
netCDF format conversion
Image generation
netCDF output
Images
GSIPValidation
System
AREA files for previous 28 days
28-day clear
composite file
RemappedIMS snow
data
Output data file:HDF and binary,
Gridded values ofcloud properties,
SW fluxes,visible flux at
surface,LW fluxes,
skin temperature
Acquire and reformat GFS
data
Input Data– GOES Area channel files
• Satellites: GOES East & GOES West• Domains: Full Disk & Northern Hemisphere
Extended• For GOES-11, Channels 1-5• For GOES-12+, Channels 1-4,6
– NCEP Global Forecast System• 12-hour forecast, 0.5 degree grid
– Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) data
Intermediate Data– Clear Composite (28-day darkest-pixel
composite of 0.64 micron channel)Output Data
– GSIP output products (38) for GENHEM, GEDISK, GWNHEM, GWDISK domains
– All output products in a single file– Output formats: HDF, netCDF, binary
Ancillary Data– Coast mask, land mask, landcover type,
elevation– RTM coefficients– Algorithm LUTs
Users of GOES Surface Solar Radiation Product
Examples of VIS channel 1 reflectance and inputs to the insolation algorithm for Aug 11, 2004, 17:45 UTC
VIS reflectance (%) Composite clear reflectance (%) Clear and partly clear reflectance (%) Cloudy and partly cloudy reflectance (%)
Cloud fraction Water vapor (cm) Ozone (cm)Dominant cloud type0:clear, 1:partly cloudy,
2:liquid water, 3:supercooled liquid,4:thick ice (convective), 5:thin ice
Illustration of retrieval of transmittance from TOA albedo (reflectance) for the geometry and atmospheric condition shown (no surface effects). The clear-sky/cloudy-sky transmittance is ~0.69/0.28 corresponding to the TOA albedo of 0.1/0.5.
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.80.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0: 0.6
H20: 2.0 g cm-2
O3: 0.3 atm-cm
Aerosol: CONT-I (: 0.0-1.5)Cloud: water (: 0-80)Cloud top: 5.5 kmCloud bottom: 2kmSurface albedo: 0
Shortwave Transmittance vs. TOA Reflectance
Cloudy sky Clear sky
Tra
nsm
ittance
Reflectance
Principle of Surface Radiation Retrieval
Example of surface SW irradiance retrieved in the GSIP-fd system for the extended Northern Hemisphere for January 6, 2010. Frequent observations may permit forecast of insolation for short time periods into the future.
Primary source of ground data is the NOAA Surface Radiation Budget Network (SURFRAD).
Solar Energy specific ProductsAverage insolation (Amount of solar radiation incident on the surface of the Earth)
Midday insolation (Average insolation available within 1.5 hours of Local Solar Noon)
Clear sky insolation (Average insolation during clear sky days)
Clear sky days (Number of clear sky days (cloud amount < 10%))
Diffuse radiation on horizontal surface (Amount of solar radiation incident on the surface of the earth under all-sky conditions with direct radiation from the Sun's beam blocked )
Direct normal radiation (Amount of solar radiation at the Earth's surface on a flat surface perpendicular to the Sun's beam with surrounding sky radiation blocked)
Insolation at hourly intervals (Amount of solar radiation incident on the surface of the Earth during one hour)
Insolation clearness index (Fraction of insolation at the top of the atmosphere which reaches the surface of the Earth)
Insolation normalized clearness index (Zenith angle-independent expression of the insolation clearness index)
Clear sky insolation clearness index (Fraction of insolation at the top of the atmosphere which reaches the surface of the earth during clear sky days)
Minimum available insolation as % of average values over consecutive-day period (Insolation based on minimum consecutive-day insolation over various numbers of days within the month)