God’s Plan of Salvation & Church History Power Point

8/13/2019 Gods Plan of Salvation & Church History Power Point

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Gods Plan of SalvationCCC 280 Creation is the foundation of "all God's saving plans,"the "beginning of the history of salvationthat culminates inChrist. Conversely, the mystery of Christ casts conclusive lighton the mystery of creation and reveals the end for which"in the

beginning God created the heavens and the earth": from thebeginning, God envisaged the glory of the new creation inChrist.

CCC 1080 From the very beginning God blessed all living beings,especially man and woman. The covenant with Noah and withall living things renewed this blessing of fruitfulness despite

man's sin which had brought a curse on the ground. But withAbraham, the divine blessing entered into human history whichwas moving toward death, to redirect it toward life, toward itssource. By the faith of "the father of all believers," whoembraced the blessing, the history of salvation is inaugurated.

CCC 1081 The divine blessings were made manifest inastonishing and saving events: the birth of Isaac, the escapefrom Egypt (Passover and Exodus), the gift of the promisedland, the election of David, the presence of God in the Temple,the purifying exile, and return of a "small remnant." The Law,the Prophets, and the Psalms, interwoven in the liturgy of theChosen People, recall these divine blessings and at the same

time respond to them with blessings of praise and thanksgiving.


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Gods Plan of Salvation(detailed)The History of Salvation- Gods Plan for His People- Story of Amazing Love

Covenant Mediator Adam Noah Abraham Moses David Jesus

Covenant Form Marriage Household Tribe Nation Kingdom Church

Covenant Sign Sabbath Rainbow Circumcision Passover Temple & Throne Eucharist

Covenant is an extension of kinship by sacred oath. We are brought into a family by oath.Adam-Creation-. Gods relationship with His creation, man. God creates Adam out of clay and fills him with the spirit. Made in image of Godslikeness, -means he is a son of God. Adam as priest (works) and son (image of God), and prophet, and dominion (over animals). Eve is created,

flesh of my flesh- marriage. First covenant is marriage. They walk with God and then fall by Original Sin. " Creation moves toward the

Sabbath...The Sabbath is the sign of the covenant between God and man; it sums up the inward essence of the covenant....Creation exists to be a

place for the covenant that God wants to make with man. The goal of creation is the covenant, the love story of God and man." Pope Benedict

Noah- Seth's descendants, seduced by the beauty of the daughters of Cain, take them as wives. They take more than one wife . The sons of Seth

violate the sanctity of the marriage covenant instituted by God in the garden. Noah build s ark. Ark saves man from sins. Man is set adrift on

watery chaos. Dove, the spirit hovers over the water- like creation. New Eden. With this covenant, God renews His covenant with creation. Bythis covenant, God also expands the "family structure" of His covenant people - from a husband and a wife to a family unit. Rainbow is sign.

Noah builds an altar and offers sacrifice-hes a priest.

Abraham- God's covenant with Abraham has three parts, and it begins with three promises: to make Abraham a great nation ; to give him a

great name; and to make him the source of blessing for all the world. You will have a great name, a blessing and nation. Your son will give you

descendants as numerous as stars in the sky. Abrahams covenant is tribe. He offers sacrifice. Let what happens to these animals happen to me if

I am unfaithful. Takes a woman, Hagar to have a child. God makes Abraham suffer with circumcision (sign), because what he did with Hagar.

Isaacs birth. Take son, Isaac and kill him. Sacrifice of Isaac (sacrifice of Jesus. The test, his son will inherit the land , --if killed God will raise him.

Moses-

Joseph ends up in Egypt (as savior). God sends Moses (mediator) to get Israel out of slavery of Egypt (slavery of sin). Egyptian deities

were frogs, bulls, goats,, etc.. Passover is sign. Blood on door posts, kill a first born unblemished lamb and eat it. All first born Egyptians die.

Exodus. Red Sea is parted. God gives 10 commandments. Worship of golden calf. Manna (Eucharist) and quail in the desert. God wants His first-

born son (Jesus first born), His own people, to be "to Me a kingdom of priests, a holy nation" Priesthood, (Jesus as priest) levities. Animal

sacrifices are now required daily. But sacrifice wont take away sin. The nation of people is covenant wander through desert to Promised Land.

David- The people demand a king "as the other nations have. Saul. God makes His final covenant of the Old Testament with David. He promises

to establish David's kingdom as an eternal and everlasting dynasty, promises that David's heirs will sit on his royal throne forever. He promises,

too, that He will regard David's heir as His own son. David acts as priest, blesses things, eats shew bread, is prophet, he is a son. He dances

before tabernacle, come into the presence, come to eat, come to Jerusalem and feast. David commits adultery and murder. He is sorry. I want

to build you a house. Kingdom is the Covenant. The throne of David. Your kingdom will last forever. Solomon builds the temple. The presenceof God in the temple. 700 wives. Pagan women. Idolatry. Tribes divided. False worship. Prophets remind people to return to covenant. The

Bab lonian Exile Daniel ra s in the tem le Messiah will come 70 weeks of rs. when counted exact da Jesus is resented in the tem le.


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Gods Plan of SalvationThe Covenant with Adam (Genesis 1:26-2:3)

The word "covenant" isn't used. The story of Adam and Eve is told in "covenantal" language. Adam is the covenant mediator in his role as

husband.God promises blessings- that their union will be fruitful and their offspring will fill the earth and rule over it. God establishes a sign by

which the covenant will be remembered and celebrated - the Sabbath, the seventh day of rest. And God imposes one conditionthat they must

keep to fulfill their obligation under the covenant - that they not eat from the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. And God attaches a curse

for disobedience - that they will surely die. By this covenant, God's family assumes theformof the marriage bond between husband and wife.

The Covenant with Noah (Genesis 9:8-17)

The word "covenant" isused in the case of Noah, as God promises never again to destroy the world by flood. The covenant is made with all

humanity, through the mediator, Noah, in his roleas the father of his family. The covenant includes blessingsto Noah and his family (that they

will be fruitful and fill the earth) and conditionsthat must be obeyed (not to drink the blood of any animals, not to shed human blood). The sign

of the covenant is the rainbow in the sky. By this covenant, God's people assumes theformof a domestic household, an extended family.

The Covenant with Abraham (Genesis 12:1-3; 17:1-14; 22:16-18)

God swears to give Abraham a great land and to bless his descendants, who will become a great nation. God makes the covenant with the

mediator Abraham in his representative role as chieftain. God promises the blessings of land and great nationhood for his descendants, and

through them to bless all the nations of the earth. The signof the covenant is the mark of circumcision. Circumcision is also the condition thatAbraham and his descendants must obey in order to keep the covenant. By this covenant, God's family is takes a "tribal"form.

The Covenant with Moses (Exodus 19:5-6; 3:4-10; 6:7)

By this covenant, made with the mediator Moses in his representative role as the judge and liberator of Israel, God swears to be Israel's God and

Israel swears to worship no other but the Lord God alone. The blessings promised are that they will be God's precious and chosen people.

The conditions of the covenant are that they must keep God's Law and commandments. The covenant signis the Passover, which each year

commemorates Israel's birth as a nation. By this covenant, God's family assumes theform of a "holy nation, a kingdom of priests.

The Covenant with David (2 Samuel 7:8-19)

God promises to establish the mediatorDavid's "house" or kingdom forever, through David's heir, who will also build a temple to God's name. To

David in his role as king, God promises to make David's son His son, to punish him if he does wrong but never take away his royal throne.

"Your house and your kingdom shall endure forever" and through the blessings of this kingdom God promises to give wisdom to all the nations.

The signof the covenant will be the throne and Temple to be built by David's son, Solomon. By this covenant, God's family grows to take the

formof a royal empire, a national kingdom.

The New Covenant of Jesus (Matthew 26:28; 16:17-19) The sixth and final covenant made by the mediator Jesus, who by His Cross and

Resurrection assumes the roleof royal high priest and fulfills all the promises God made in the previous covenants. The prophets, especially

Isaiah and Jeremiah, had taught Israel to hope for a Messiah who would bring "a new covenant," through which God's law would be written on

men's and women's hearts (see Jeremiah 31:31-34; Hebrews 8:8-12). The conditionsof the covenant are that men and women believe in Jesus,

be baptized, eat and drink His flesh and blood in the Eucharist, and live by all that He taught. The Eucharist is the signof the New Covenant. Bythis covenant, God establishes His family in its finalform as a universal (katholicos or 'catholic' in Greek) worldwide kingdom, which Jesus calls

His Church (By Scott Hahn) http://www.salvationhistory.com/studies/courses/online/covenant_love
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Gods Plan of SalvationJesus- Jesus and New Covenant have to do with marriage. (Eucharist- Marriage between Jesus and His Church)

Marriage between God and His people, Jesus and His Church. Personal relationship with Jesus. (union with Jesus)

Samaritan Woman- Symbol of Marriage to be healed. - Jesus goes through Samaria to heal the divorce, those who had

given into mixing with non-Jews and were separated from the Jews. He meets the woman at the well. The woman had

broken her marriage vows. She had 5 husbands. He wants to be her bridegroom. He wants to bring the nations together.

He wants to bring back all to the house of God. He had come to heal the divorce caused by the separation of the people.Jesus offers Passover. Passover 4 cups of wine, but Jesus only drinks 3 at the Last Supper. The last cup is on Calvary. He

drinks the 4thcup when He is to be crucified. He completes the feast of Passover in His Passion on the Cross.

Consummation of the Wedding Feast is CalvaryHe is the bridegroom, who is naked, but not ashamed like Adam. He

consummates the wedding feast. Out from His side flows blood and water. From the side of Adam, came Eve His bride.

So from the wound of the side of Christ comes His bride, the Church.

Passover Lamb Slain- On the Cross, Jesus the Paschal Lamb was slain and sacrificed for our salvation. Blood splattered on

the post of the Cross. Jesus is the first born, unblemished (sinless) lamb. The angel of death passes over the houses with

the blood, so Jesus passes over from death to life. Jesus the Lamb, sacrificed on the Cross establishes the New Covenant.

We can now pass over from death to eternal life with God in heaven.

The Mass is the Passover- At Mass we eat the Lamb. The Mass as Passover, because by the Eucharist we will pass from

this life to the next, whoever eats my body and drinks my blood will live forever. At the Last Supper, Jesus said, This is

the cup of my blood, the blood of the new and everlasting Covenant.All can come with the wedding feast- the Mass.

The Eucharist is the New and Everlasting Covenant. At Mass we come to eat the flesh of the sinless Lamb of God.

The Church is the Kingdom of God- In the Temple, sacrifice is offered by the Priest (Jesus). Jesus reigns on the throne of

David. Jesus lays down His life for His bride the Church. Circumcision is symbolic of baptism and one enters the Church

through it and becomes a member of Gods family. The flood is symbolic of baptism. Baptism- sin is washed away. The

Ark is like the Church. Gods people saved by the Ark. Gods people saved by the Church. Jesus heals the wounds of sin,

through baptism, confession and Eucharist. He gives us grace to overcome the temptations of lust and pride of life. The

pope acts in place of Jesus, as head of the Church. We are brought into Gods family by baptism and we share at the table

of the Father at Mass, at the re-presentation of Calvary, we all eat the Feast of the Passover Lamb. Through baptism,

Eucharist and confession, God Saves His People and allows them to share in His divine friendship. He gives us union withHim in Eucharist, so we can have union with Him forever in heaven. The Eucharist is the presence of God in the temple.


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Gods Plan of Salvation

-Gods LoveOut of Love God Chose to Create Man

who would share in His Life and LoveGod is Love

-Adam and Eve Chose to use their freedom to disobey God

-Original Sin is Inherited. Everyone is stained by original sin.

Therefore as sin came into the world through one man

and death through sin, and so death spread to all men because all men sinned. (Rom. 5:12)

-Free Will- God wanted us to freely choose to love Him. We can reject to love Him and cut our self

from Him. God made us truly free. We can cut our self off from God and that free act is called sin.

-Our own experience in life confirms we all fall short in charity.

-The Good News is that God does not let even our wrong choices stand in the way of His desire to

draw us into His interior life.

-As soon as Adam and Eve sinned, God provided a solution.

Salvation- The forgiveness of sins and the restoration of friendship with God, which can be done

by God alone. Catechism of the Catholic Church

-Adam and Eve knew the result of disobeying God would be death.-Because sin offends Gods perfect justice, it cannot go unpunished.

-In Gods plan He accepted the punishment on Himself, (Death)

so that anyone who would accept His free gift will obtain salvation.

He himself bore our sins in his body on the tree, so that we might

die to sins and live for righteousness; by his wounds you have been healed. (1 Peter 2:24)


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At the Appointed Time- God sent his Son to take upon our

human nature. God so loved the world, He sent His only Son..

Incarnation-Jesus takes upon Himself our human nature in the

sinless and immaculate womb of Mary. (Lk. 1:26-38)

You shall call His name Jesus, for He will save His people from theirsins. (Matt. 1:21) Jesus means Savior.

Marys Role in Salvation- Mary is the Mother of the Redeemer, Co-redemptrix (Jesus takes His flesh from Mary) and His flesh is nailed tothe Tree for our redemption. Mary plays a subordinate role inredemption and salvation, but She plays a role unlike any other

human being. God, though He was Creator, became an unborn infant,born in Bethlehem (house of bread). He is the Bread from Heaven (Jn.6), who came into a feeding trough for animals.

Mary is the Ark of the Covenant. (Rev. 11:19-12:1)

Then Gods temple in heaven was opened, and the ark of hiscovenant was seen within His temple, A great sign appeared in the

heaven, a woman clothed with the sun.. Visitation of the BlessedVirgin Mary -Who am I, that the Mother of the Lord should come tome. The infant lept.. (Lk 1:39-46) and reference to David dancingbefore the ark. (2 Sam. 6:9) How can the ark of the Lord come tome? (2 Sam. 6:16) King David leaping and dancing before the Lord.Mary is overshadowed (Lk 1:35) Ark overshadowed (Ex 40:34-35) andGod himself would dwell in the ark (Ex. 25:8) Jesus, who is God, dwells

within the womb of Mary, the New Ark. The Eucharist is the New andEverlasting Covenant.



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-JesusHidden Life

-The Temptation in the Desert

-The 12 Apostles are Chosen

-Jesus Worked Miracles, Only Messiah heals blind

-Reveals Trinity, Reveals the Father & Holy Spirit

-Expels Demons

-Preaches Kingdom and Teaches the Good News

-Jesus Fulfills all Prophesies in the Old Testament

-Jesus Establishes His Church

-Jesus Institutes the 7 Sacraments (He wanted to be sure all people throughout the world and

for the future would have access to His saving work. He told His apostles to preach the Gospel

to all the Nations. Through Baptism and Confession sins forgiven, Eucharist- Jesus body to eat)

-Crucifixion and Death- Ultimate Demonstration of Gods Love

-Resurrection Shows Payment of Sin is Satisfied, He appeared to Apostles & Hundreds More

-After 40 Days, Ascended into Heaven

-Sent the Holy Spirit to Guide and Empower the Apostles, Preach to all Nations, Baptizing them

-History of the Early Church is in the Acts of the Apostles

-Successors Appointed by the Apostles



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CCC 1084"Seated at the right hand of the Father" and pouring out theHoly Spirit on his Body which is the Church, Christ now acts throughthe sacraments he instituted to communicate his grace. Thesacraments are perceptible signs (words and actions) accessible to our

human nature. By the action of Christ and the power of the Holy Spiritthey make present efficaciously the grace that they signify.

CCC 1087 Thus the risen Christ, by giving the Holy Spirit to theapostles, entrusted to them his power of sanctifying:they becamesacramental signs of Christ. By the power of the same Holy Spirit theyentrusted this power to their successors. This "apostolic succession"

structures the whole liturgical life of the Church and is itselfsacramental, handed on by the sacrament of Holy Orders.

CCC 1088 To accomplish so great a work" - the dispensation orcommunication of his work of salvation - "Christ is always present inhis Church, especially in her liturgical celebrations. He is present in theSacrifice of the Mass not only in the person of his minister, 'the samenow offering, through the ministry of priests, who formerly offeredhimself on the cross,' but especially in the Eucharistic species. By hispower he is present in the sacraments so that when anybody baptizes,it is really Christ himself who baptizes. He is present in his word sinceit is he himself who speaks when the holy Scriptures are read in theChurch. Lastly, he is present when the Church prays and sings, for hehas promised 'where two or three are gathered together in my namethere am I in the midst of them."

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Church HistoryNOTE: This Church History only highlights some important aspects of Church History and is not all inclusive.

And I tell you, you are Peter and on this rock I will build myChurch, and the powers of hell shall not prevail against it.Matt. 16:18

-Outpouring of the Holy Spirit on the disciples at Pentecostcaused the Church to begin its public ministry, bringing theGospel of Jesus to all the nations.

THE JEWS

-Early years- Church was primarily a community of JewishConverts. It was them Jesus focused His public ministry andthey were the first the Apostles and disciples carried the Good

News.-Focus on ministry at first was on Jerusalem, preaching to theJews.

CHURCH EXPANSION BEYOND JERUASLEM36 AD

(Persecution Begins)

Stephenfalsely accused of blasphemy and stoned to death.Acts 6:8-7:60) His death triggered a larger persecution of theentire Christian community, led by Saul, who would laterconvert (Paul).

Jewish Christians fled to other major cities such as Rome,Alexandria.

As Christians spread, they came in contact with Gentiles, whomany converted.


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Church History

COUNCIL OF JERUSALEM (50 AD)- The First Church Council

Major Dispute arises- should Gentile Christians follow all the precepts

of the Law of Moses? It was clear all are to follow the 10Commandments, but unclear about dietary laws and practices such as

circumcision. The Council decided they were not bound by laws of

circumcision but were bound to laws avoiding eating meats which had

been sacrificed to idols. (Acts 15:1-19). It was Peter, the first Pope, who

rose and declared it to be so, and then the assembly fell silent.

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Church History

The Apostles and Their Disciples GoOut to Preach in Many Places.

St. Pauls missionary journeys as he

establishes churches. He appoints Titusas Bishop of Crete, etc..

St. James, the bishop of Jerusalem.

St. Peter, bishop of Rome

and of the Universal Church

St. Thomas preached in India.

St. Bartholomew in Armenia.

St. John went to Ephesus.Etc.

All 12 were martyred, except

St. John the Apostle.

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Church HistoryPERIOD OF PEACEChurch experiences peace as persecutions stop.

CHURCH SPREADS AND GROWS FOR SEVERAL DECADES

FIRE DESTROYS ROME, CHRISTIANS BLAMED,

PERSECUTION BEGINS (64 AD) LASTS FOR ONE YEARNero begins to persecute Christians.

Many Christians were martyred including Peter and Paul.

This persecution caused hostility from Rome toward Christians would last

into the 4th

Century.Several persecutions over the centuries would erupt.

It reached its peak in the years 304 and 305AD, when the EmperorDiocletian issued three edicts causing a violent persecution that lastedalmost 20 years in the empire.

Masses secretly offered in the catacombs at night. Relics (bones) of martyrsplaced in altars. House churches were used by Christians.

EDICT OF MILAN AND PEACE (313AD)The Emperor of the West, Constantine was more favorable to Christians,most likely due to his mother St. Helena. Seeing the Sign of the Cross in thesky,In Hoc Signo Vinces("by this sign you shall conquer), he gathered histroops for battle and defeated those causing problems and then issued theEdict of Milan in 313, which legalized Christianity and gave equal status with

the pagan religions of Rome.

Coliseum in Rome, where many Christianswere martyred.

House church in 232 AD. A privatehouse used for Christian meetings.

Discovered in 1930s in Syria.

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Church HistoryNEW FREEDOM, PERIOD OF HERESIES & CHURCH COUNCILSChristians began to freely practice their faith. The construction ofchurches began for the first time. Construction of the worlds firstBasilica, the Lateran Basilica occurs. The pagan church Pantheon builtin 125ADS as a church to all the gods was re-dedicated as Saint Mary

of the martyrs in the 600s.Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, built by St. Helena, Constantine'smother. The Church of The Holy Sepulcher: (Tomb of Jesus and Calvary)was first built by order of the Emperor Constantine the Great,immediately following the Council of Nicaea (325 A.D.)

CONFUSION AND ERRORS ABOUT THE PERSON OF JESUSWas Jesus God? Was His humanity mixed with His Divinity?

Council of Nicea- 325 AD affirmed Christs divinity, which was denied bythe Bishop Arius, who caused the Arian heresy.

Council of Constantinople 381 AD was called due to the extent of theArian heresy. The council reaffirmed the Nicene Council, Jesus is Divine& reaffirmed Nicene Creed.

Council of Ephesus 431AD was called due to the Nestorian heresy,which denied Mary was the Mother of God and claimed She gave birthonly to the human Christ. The Council affirmed Christ is a divine person,who assumed human nature when conceived in Marys womb andtherefore Mary is the Mother of God.

Council of Chalcedon 451 AD defined the way Christ assumed flesh as aunion of two natures, human and divine, in one divine person. WhenPope Leo explained the union of the two natures, the bishops cried out,

This is the faith of the apostles, so we all believe. Peter has spokenthrough Leo.

St. John Lateran Church- Rome

Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem

Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem

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Church HistoryCREATION OF CHRISTENDOM

400S- Large Civic Halls called basilicas were convertedinto churches due to the large number of people whowanted to worship.

Desert- Some people began to go out into the desertdenying themselves physical comfort, as a spiritualmartyrdom witnessing their desire to live and die for theLord.

St. Benedict and Monasticism

Many people began to draw away from the world insecluded places to pray, fast and do penance, which wasthe birth of Monasticism.

Collapse of the Empire in 410AD caused monasteries tobecome centers of education and culture.

Monks Copy Manuscripts, western culture preserves for

future generations.400s to 700s Monks sent out to preach the Gospel allover Europe.

St. Patrick, St. Boniface in Germany, etc.. The Church wasestablished in modern day France, Germany, Ireland,

Scotland, England, by the year 1000, almost all of Europewas Christian.

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Church History

POPES SEEN AS AUTHORITY IN AFFAIRS OF THEWORLD

Due to collapse of Western Empire, half of Europe waswithout any centralized leadership or government. Thepopes stepped in to save Western Europe from total ruin.Attila the Hun approached Rome in 451, Pope Leo theGreat met him and convinced him to spare Rome.

Hostility Arises Between the East and West ChurchWhich Is About to Result in the Great Schism.

The rise of the papacys political authority wed the Churchto the state in the West, which caused hostility betweenEast and West.

Without the use of world wide council, when Pope Leo Iadded the words, And the Son filioque to the Nicene

Creed describing the procession of the Holy Spirit, Easternbishops thought the pope usurped their authority. Whenthe pope crowned Charlemagne as the emperor of theHoly Roman Empire on Christmas Day, the hostilityreached its peak. The Greeks in the East were furiousbecause the pope crowned a French barbarian king. For

the next 150 years the situation worsened, especiallybecause some popes were of ill repute.

Church History


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Church History

1054 Schism between the East and West Occurs

The Patriarch of Constantinople breaks with Rome and later call themselves

the Orthodox Church. They two would reunite briefly in the 1200s, but

once again broke off. Pope Leo IX and Patriarch of Constantinople Michael

Cerularius heightened the conflict by suppressing Greek and Latin in their

respective domains. In 1054, Roman legates traveled to Cerularius to deny

him the title Ecumenical Patriarch and to insist that he recognize the Church

of Rome's claim to be the head and mother of the churches. Cerularius

refused. The leader of the Latin contingent, Cardinal Humbert,

excommunicated Cerularius, while Cerularius in return excommunicated

Cardinal Humbert and other legates.This was only the first act in a centuries-

long process that eventually became a complete schism. The validity of the

Western legates' act is doubtful, since Pope Leo had died, while Cerularius's

excommunication applied only to the legates personally. Still, the Church split

along doctrinal, theological, linguistic, political, and geographical lines, and

the fundamental breach has never been healed, with each side accusing theother of having fallen into heresy and of having initiated the division. The

Crusades, the Massacre of the Latins in 1182, the capture and sack of

Constantinople in 1204,and the imposition of Latin Patriarchs made

reconciliation more difficult. This included the taking of many precious

religious artifacts and the destruction of the Library of Constantinople.

Today many of the divisions have been healed and most likely in the nearfuture, they will once again be reunited with the Catholic Church

Ch h Hi t


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Church HistoryRISE OF ISLAM AND RISE OF CRUSADES

7thCentury- Islam was founded and began conquests againstChristians.

Asia Minor, Northern Africa, and Spain were taken over.

FIRST CRUSADEPope Urban II in 1095 launched a crusade in response to a pleafrom the Byzantine Empire in order to regain Christian holyplaces and prevent attacks from Muslims. They sought to opena passage way to the Holy Land to ensure the safety ofChristians who go on pilgrimage there despite the Muslim

territory.OTHER CRUSADES

There were 8 Crusades from 1095 to 1270. The second Crusadewas preached in order to free the Holy Land, notable St.Bernard of Clairvaux. It was unsuccessful.

Later Crusades had less honorable aims and were often

materialistic. By the end of the 13the Century, Muslims haddriven out the crusaders from the Holy Land.

Some Crusaders ransacked and pillaged Constantinople whichcaused great anger among the Eastern Church. Even today,Muslims control the Upper Room, the place of Jesus LastSupper and the Descent of the Holy Spirit on Pentecost.

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Church History

HIGH MIDDLE AGESThe Catholic Church creates Universities. The Rise of Great Learning andDevelopment of Trade. From 910 due to the establishment of the ClunyMonasteryin France, monasteries began to spread and monks began to

take leadership roles in the Church, such as Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085).In the 1200s, St. Francis and St. Dominic establish their religious orders.St. Francis becomes first saint with the wounds of Christ stigmata andestablishes the order of penance, which builds the Church. St. Dominiccrushes the Albgensian Heresy due the Rosary given to him from theBlessed Virgin Mary. His order was known as the Order of Preachers.

The rise of philosophy, especially under St. Thomas Aquinas, a Dominican,and his great works on theology The Summa Theologica had a greatinfluence on the Church.

PAPAL POWERClimax of Papal Power- Pope Innocent III (1198-1216). The power of theChurch over the kings was greatest at this time of Church History.

PAPAL STATESA group of territories in central Italy ruled by the popes from 754 until1870. They were originally given to the papacy by Pepin the Short andreached their greatest extent in 1859. The last papal state, the VaticanCity, was formally established as a separate state by the Lateran Treaty of1929.

Church History


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Church HistoryPOPES LIVE IN AVIGNON, FRANCE. THE WESTERN SCHISM (PAPAL SCHISM)

The Western Schism, or Papal Schism, was a prolonged period of crisis in Latin

Christendom from 1378 to 1416. To escape instability in Rome, Clement V in 1309

became the first of seven popes to reside in the fortified city of Avignon in southern

France during a period known as the Avignon Papacy. For 69 years popes resided inAvignon rather than Rome. This was not only an obvious source of not only confusion but

of political animosity as the prestige and influence of city of Rome waned without a

resident pontiff. The papacy returned to Rome in 1378 at the urging of Catherine of

Siena and others who felt the See of Peter should be in the Roman church.Though Pope

Gregory XI, a Frenchman, returned to Rome in 1378, the strife between Italian andFrench factions intensified, especially following his subsequent death. In 1378 the

conclave elected an Italian from Naples, Pope Urban VI;his rough nature in office soon

alienated the French cardinals, who withdrew to a conclave of their own, asserting the

previous election was invalid since its decision had been made under the duress of a

riotous mob. They elected one of their own, Robert of Geneva, who took the name

Pope Clement VII. By 1379, he was back in the palace of popes in Avignon, while

Urban VI remained in Rome. For nearly forty years, there were two papal curias and

two sets of cardinals, each electing a new pope for Rome or Avignon when death

created a vacancy. Efforts at resolution further complicated the issue when a third

compromise pope was elected in 1409. The matter was finally resolved in 1417 at the

Council of Constance where the cardinals called upon all three claimants to the papalthrone to resign and held a new election naming Martin V pope.

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Church HistoryPROTESTANT REVOLT & COUNCIL OF TRENT

Problems in the Church.1. Political power, material possessions, privileged position in public life, the defense of ancienthistorical rights, earthly interests of various kinds of the higher clergy.

2. Pastoral solicitude, the specifically religious and ecclesiastical aim, fell largely into the background;there were unsuccessful attempts to rectify the existing evils.

3. Papal Curia political interests and a worldly life were often prominent.

4. Many bishops and abbots bore themselves as secular rulers rather than as servants of the Church.

5. Many ecclesiastics were chiefly concerned with their income and how to increase it.

6. Luxury prevailed widely among the higher clergy.

7. The scientific and ascetic training of the clergy left much to be desired.

10. The moral standard of clergy very low, and the practice of celibacy not everywhere observed.

11. The condition of many monasteries (which were often homes for the unmarried daughters of thenobility).

12. Due to the condition of the clergy, there was much scorn against them.

13. Christian people -- ignorance, superstition, religious indifference, and immorality were rife.

14. From the fourteenth century the demand for "reform of head and members had been voiced

with ever-increasing energy by serious and discerning men.15. The authority of the Holy See had also been seriously impaired, partly through the fault of some ofits occupants and partly through that of the secular princes.

16. The pope's removal to Avignon in the fourteenth century was a grievous error.

17. The severest blow was dealt by the disastrous papal schism (1378-1418).

18. The Abuse of Indulgences led some to believe that Catholics could buy there way into heaven.

19. After the restoration of unity, the attempted reforms of the Papal Curia were not thorough.

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Church History

PROTESTANT REVOLT & COUNCIL OF TRENTIndulgences are GoodFor a long time it had been customary for the popes to grant indulgences for buildings ofpublic utility (e.g. bridges). In such cases the true doctrine of indulgences as a remission of

the punishment due to sin (not of guilt of sin) had been always upheld, and the necessaryconditions (especially the obligation of a contrite confession to obtain absolution from sin)always inculcated.

Indulgences Abused

But the almsgiving for a good object, prescribed only as a good work supplementary to thechief conditions for the gaining of the indulgence, was often prominently emphasized. Theindulgence commissaries sought to collect as much money as possible in connection withthe indulgence. The promulgation of indulgences for the new St. Peter's furnished Lutherwith an opportunity to attack indulgences in general, and this attack was the immediateoccasion of the Reformation in Germany. Vainly did earnest men raise their voices againstthis abuse. He declared he was attacking only the abuses of indulgences; however, he soontaught doctrine in many ways contrary to the teaching of the Church.

One Never Could "buy" Indulgences

The financial scandal surrounding indulgences, the scandal that gave Martin Luther anexcuse for his heterodoxy, involved almsindulgences in which the giving of alms to somecharitable fund or foundation was used as the occasion to grant the indulgence. There wasno outright selling of indulgences. The Catholic Encyclopediastates: It is easy to see howabuses crept in. Among the good works which might be encouraged by being made thecondition of an indulgence, almsgiving would naturally hold a conspicuous place. . . . It iswell to observe that in these purposes there is nothing essentially evil. To give money to God

or to the poor is a praiseworthy act, and, when it is done from right motives, it will surelynot go unrewarded."

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Church History

PROTESTANT REVOLT & COUNCIL OF TRENT

In Germany, the first impulse to secession was

supplied by the opposition of Martin Luther, an

Augustinian monk.

His response to the promulgation by Leo X of an

indulgence for contributions towards the

building of the new St. Peter's at Rome was his

95 Theses, which was a list of criticisms of

Church practices, which he nailed to the church

door in Wittenberg, Germany.

The Theses became the rallying point for people

discontented with the Church.

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Church History

PROTESTANT REVOLT & COUNCIL OF TRENT

True Doctrines Rejected (Millions Fall Away)

Luther proclaimed the false doctrine of "justification by faith alone.

Later rejected all supernatural remedies (especially the sacraments and the Mass).

Denied the merit of good works (thus condemning monastic vows and Christian asceticism

in general).

Rejected the institution of a hierarchical priesthood (especially the papacy) in the Church.

His doctrine of the Bible as the sole rule of faith, with rejection of all ecclesiastical

authority, established subjectivism in matters of faith.

By this revolutionary assault he won over anti-ecclesiastical elements, including numerous

monks and nuns who left the monasteries to break their vows, and many priests who

espoused his cause with the intention of marrying.

Very soon secular princes and municipal magistrates made the Reformation a pretext for

arbitrary interference deciding what faith their subjects should accept. Ecclesiastical affairs

were now reorganized on the basis of the new teachings; henceforth the secular power is

ever more clearly the supreme judge in purely religious matters, and completely disregards

any independent ecclesiastical authority.

Luther and others quickly broke away from the Catholic Church, leading away many millions

in Germany, France, Switzerland, England, Scotland, the Netherlands and Scandinavia.

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Church History

PROTESTANT REVOLT & COUNCIL OF TRENTThe Council of Trent (1545-1563)

Reaffirmed the doctrines with great clarity.

New Religious Order (Society of JesusJesuits), launch theCounter-Reformation, which sought reclaim the peoples andnations that had been separated. Although only a portion ofEurope was restored to the Church, the counter reformationsucceeded in renewing the Church as a whole and removedmany of the abuses and problems that led to the ProtestantRevolt.

Pope St. Pius V promulgated the Catechism of the Council ofTrent three years after the Council of Trent. The Catechismwas of great help in renewing the Church and doing away withabuses. The Catechism had four parts: 1. Explanation ofBeliefs of Catholics based upon the Creed. 2. The 7Sacraments as instituted by Christ. 3. 10 Commandments putinto New Testament Setting. 4. An Analysis of the Practice ofPrayer based on the Lords Prayer.

The Church was growing tremendously in the New World, andnearly 10 million Indians converted to the Catholic faith,which was primarily due to the apparitions of Our Lady ofGuadalupe and missionaries in the New World. The blood ofmany martyrs was shed in order to establish the Church in

these lands. Gospel spreads to India, Japan, China, Philippines.

Church HistoryChurch of England


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Church HistoryChurch of England

King Henry VIII desiring an heir to the throne, becomes frustrated with

his wife Catherine of Aragan because 5 of her 6 children die at very

young age. He decides to divorce Catherine and marry Ann Boleyn, so

she may give birth a child who will be his successor. After careful

consideration by the Popes expert legal council, the marriage cannot be

annulled, which causes the king to become angry. He marries Anne

Boleyn which is considered invalid by the Church. King Henry separates

himself from Rome. He never formally repudiated the doctrines of the

Catholic Church, but he declared himself supreme head of the church

in England in 1534. This, combined with subsequent actions, eventuallyresulted in a separated church, the Church of England. Henry and his

advisors felt the pope was acting in the role of an Italian prince involved

in secular affairs, which obscured his religious role. England possessed

numerous religious houses (monasteries) that owned large tracts of

land worked by tenants. Henry dissolved them (15361541) and

transferred a fifth of England's landed wealth to new hands. Henry

made radical changes in traditional religious practices. He ordered the

clergy to preach against superstitious images, relics, miracles, and

pilgrimages, and to remove most candles. In 1535, one time Lord

Chancellor of England and friend of the King, Sir Thomas More, who

was "the King's loyal servant but God's servant first," was beheaded.

King Henry VIII

Sir Thomas More

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Church History

Enlightenment- Atheism, Mary in the Church

The Church became challenged by philosophers.

With the coming of the Age of Reason, known as the

Enlightenment, faith was ridiculed.

The enlightened philosopher could not be a person of faith

because religion and science, faith and reason were

viewed as incompatible opposites. Persecution resulted

due to an outward denial of Gods role in human affairs,

as seen in the French Revolution in the 1800s. A newkind of paganism in culture, without any worship of God.

This resulted in the closing of churches, monasteries and

imprisoning and killing priests and religious. The

Churchs response was Vatican I in 1870. It described the

true relationship between faith and reason. Reason is notput aside, rather the light of faith purifies reason and

enables the believer to use reason to make sense out of

divine Revelation. The Council affirmed Gods existence

can be discovered in reason alone.Dogma of the

Immaculate Conception 1854, Apparitions of Mary- 1858

St. Bernadette Lourdes; 1870 Catherine Laboure

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Church History

THE HISTORY OF THE INQUISTION

The principle the Church must guard the faith against deviations is an obligation of

divine law (cf. Mt. 18:18; 2 Tim. 1:14). The actions taken to implement the process

sometimes were questionable and even deplorable. Yet, because of centuries of

misinformation, we must take care to distinguish fact from fiction.

1. 4th century on - Emperors convene Church councils against heresies.

2. The Emperors also established a wide range of civil penalties for heresy.

3. Civil Penalties ranged from fines to capital punishment, as the famous Corpus Iuris Civilis

(534) of the Emperor Justinian (d. 565) attests. Inquisition was one means by which both

secular and Catholic courts addressed heresy.

4. 1000 AD Most of Western Europe Converted to Christianity, there was little separation

between Church and State. Secular and ecclesial offices and legal systems overlapped.

5. Religious heresies were considered a kind of political treason.

6. Catharism (from the Greek katharos, which means pure) was a heresy which

threatened nearly every line of the Creed. Although there were many other heresies

addressed by inquisitorial courts (including the Waldenses, Beguines, Fraticelli, and the

Spirituals), Catharism was the most prevalent, and therefore the heresy which gave rise to

the use of inquisition by the Catholic Church.

7. During the next century, secular rulers, Church councils, and popes called for the

investigation and prosecution of heresy and for the punishment of unrepentant heretics.

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Church HistoryTHE HISTORY OF THE INQUISITION

8. Pope Gregory IX (1227-41) began the investigation of heresy under the discipline of the Holy

See. What we term the Inquisition is simply the ecclesiastical tribunal with specially appointed

judges (inquisitors) answerable to both the local bishop and the pope, whose task it was to

investigate charges of heresy in a systematic and fair way. The origin of this form of judicialinquiry, the inquisitio, was not Church law, but Roman law as incorporated into the procedures

of civil and canon law alike. Pope Gregory wisely relied on the new mendicant orders, the

Franciscans and the Dominicans, to handle most of the inquisitorial work.

9. This first phase of the Inquisition died out in the 1300s as the heresies themselves faded.

10. Spanish Inquisition (14781834) (see next page)

11. Alarmed at the spread of Protestantism, Pope Paul III (1534-49) established the Roman

Inquisition in 1542. Perhaps its most famous act was the conviction of Galileo for violating its

injunction that he neither teach nor defend the thesis that the sun is the immovable center of

the universe. (See Galilelo page) The Roman Inquisition changed its name. At the time of

Galileo, it was the Congregation of the Holy Office.

Pope John Paul II changed the name from the

Congregation of the Holy Office

to the

Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.

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Church HistoryTHE HISTORY OF THE INQUISITION

SPANISH INQUISITION

In 1478, at the request of the Spanish sovereigns Ferdinand and Isabella,

Pope Sixtus IV (1471-84) issued a papal bull creating theSpanish

Inquisition.It lasted until 1834, although its most fervent activity wasduring the 15th and 16th centuries. The Spanish Inquisition was more

cruel precisely because it was administered by the secular government.

Protestant and secular opponents of Catholicism fabricated through

pamphlets, histories, plays, and paintings cruelties and excesses far

beyond what actually occurred. Anti-Catholic pamphleteers and

historians have grossly exaggerated , asserting that millions died at the

stake. The actual numbers were (3,000-5,000), though these fiery

deaths were quite real and regrettable. Although such exaggerations

have made facts from fiction, there is some truth about abuses that

Catholics must admit. Unrepentant men found guilty of heresy were

handed over to the State for punishment, even though Church

authorities did not always agree with the States punishments. We must

realize that in handing over the condemned heretic to the secular

power, the Church knowingly was handing over the condemned for

punishments ranging from imprisonment to burning at the stake.

Furthermore, even with all the procedural precautions, there were

inquisitors who did not follow the laws of the Church and all too readilyhanded over a significant number of heretics to be burned alive.

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THE INQUISITION and GALILEO

How can the Catholic Church claim infallibility when it officially condemned

Galileo for heresy when he declared that the earth revolves around the

sun? It is commonly believed that the Catholic Church persecuted Galileo

for abandoning the geocentric (earth-at-the-center) view of the solar

system for the heliocentric (sun-at-the-center) view. In the end, the HolyOffice decided against Galileo and pronounced the decision that his

theories "were false and contrary to Holy Scripture" and that he was

"gravely suspect of heresy." Church tribunals have juridical & disciplinary

authority only, and neither they nor their decisions are infallible.

What about the charge that Galileo was imprisoned and brutally tortured

in order to extract a confession from him? The astronomer made his first

appearance before the Inquisition in 1615 and was neither imprisoned nor

tortured but received a mild censure and was sent on his way. By 1633, he

was again summoned to Rome to face the charges that he had persisted in

promoting his theories as though they were matters of faith and provable

by the Bible. During his second stint before the Inquisition, Galileo wasincarcerated, not, as is commonly thought, in some gloomy, rat-infested

dungeon, but in the palace of Niccolini, the Tuscan ambassador to the

Vatican and an ardent supporter of Galileo. In 1989, Pope John Paul II

discussed the mistakes the Church made in its handling of the Galileo case.

He apologized for the Church's handling of the case, further rehabilitated

Galileo's name, and pointed out once again that the province of theChurch is theology and revelation, not science or astronomy.

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Church History

THE INQUISITIONTHE CHURCHS SORROW FOR SINS OF THE PAST & EFFORT TO LEARN FROM MISTAKES

Pope John Paul II, The Inquisition belongs to a tormented phase in the history of the

Church, which . . . Christians [should] examine in a spirit of sincerity and open-mindedness.

CCC 2298 In times past, cruel practices were commonly used by legitimate governments to

maintain law and order, often without protest from the Pastors of the Church, who

themselves adopted in their own tribunals the prescriptions of Roman law concerning

torture. Regrettable as these facts are, the Church always taught the duty of clemency and

mercy. She forbade clerics to shed blood. In recent times it has become evident that thesecruel practices were neither necessary for public order, nor in conformity with the legitimate

rights of the human person. On the contrary, these practices led to ones even more

degrading. It is necessary to work for their abolition. We must pray for the victims and their

tormentors.

Pope John Paul II: Yet the consideration of mitigating factors does not exonerate the

Church from the obligation to express profound regret for the weaknesses of so many of her

sons and daughters who sullied her face, preventing her from fully mirroring the image of

her crucified Lord, the supreme witness of patient love and of humble meekness. From

these painful moments of the past a lesson can be drawn for the future, leading all

Christians to adhere fully to the sublime principle stated by the Council: The truth cannot

impose itself except by virtue of its own truth, as it wins over the mind with both gentlenessand power.

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Church History

Heresy of Modernism

Modernism- Synthesis of many previous heresies. Pope Pius X was a

defender of the Churchs teachings in the face of modernism.Its a spirit of complete emancipation, tending to weaken ecclesiastical

authority; the emancipation of science, which must traverse every field

of investigation without fear of conflict with the Church; the

emancipation of the State, which should never be hampered by

religious authority; the emancipation of the private conscience whose

inspirations must not be overridden by papal definitions or anathemas;

the emancipation of the universal conscience, with which the Church

should be ever in agreement; A spirit of movement and change, with an

inclination to a sweeping form of evolution such as abhors anythingfixed and stationary;

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Church History

20thCentury- Fascism, Nazism, Socialism, Communism,

World War I & World War II, 1917 Apparitions at Fatima

1917 Mary appears in Fatima, Portugal and warns of

Second World War if people do not repent. Asks for

penance, prayer, rosary, Consecration of Russia to Her

Immaculate Heart.

1922-1939 Pope Pius XI sought to confirm rights of

Catholics under Fascism.

Pope Pius XII (1938-1958) Sought to stop World War II

and saved thousands of Jews from the evil of Nazi

regime. Atomic bombs. Dogma of the Assumption of

Mary in 1950. Many countries are taken over byCommunism and atheism grows. More martyrs in the

20thcentury than all other centuries combined. Fall of

Communism due to Pope John Paul II together with the

bishops of the world who Consecrated the World to the

Immaculate Heart of Mary on March 25th, 1984.

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Church History

Vatican II1962-1965 thru Pope John Paul II 2005Church Council called by Blessed John XXIII - concluded by Pope Paul VI. Council desired to

embrace the modern world. The Council made controversial changes, especially to the Holy Mass -

the ancient Triditine Mass to the Novus Order. New Schism occurs due to Traditionalists (Lefebvre)

(Society of Pius X) believe Vat. II was invalid. Dissenters in the Church used this as an opportunity

to make all sorts of changes through experimentations, and changes to the Christian life referring

these changes to the spirit of Vatican II. Innovations and the like caused confusion. Many priests

and religious left consecrated life. Some advocated married clergy and others women priests.

Some made erroneous statements about the Council such as devotion to Mary or the Rosary not

needed. Time period: sexual revolution; drugs; divorce; priest abuse of boys; Catholic universities,

schools, hospitals profess to be Catholic, but dont follow Church teachings; television and movies

with immoral content; pornography; abortion legalized; euthanasia; homosexual unions legalized;

embryonic stem cell research; assisted suicide; terrorism.The encyclical Humane Vitae in 1968 by

Pope Paul VI was ignored by many clergy and many said Contraception was not immoral. Pope

John Paul II, the Great- Responds with the many encyclicals. The Gospel of Life combats the sins

against life. He is shot on May 13ththe anniversary of Fatima, forgives the shooter and fulfilled the

Consecration as desired by the Blessed Virgin Mary. Code of Canon Law Revised. New Catechism

of the Catholic Church. Feast of Divine Mercy. Solidarity - Communism collapses. Solemnly

declares women priests an impossibility. Travels through ought the world more than any other

pope in the history of the Church. Canonizes and makes Blessed more saints than any other pope.

The Jubilee Year 2000, he asked for Forgiveness from the Jews. Secularism attacks the Church.

Theology of the Body given. Belief in the Eucharist decreases. JPIIs Encyclical, the Eucharist

and he proclaims Year of the Rosary with Rosary Encyclical adds New Mysteries of Light

God’s Plan of Salvation & Church History Power Point

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Transcript of God’s Plan of Salvation & Church History Power Point