Goat rearing-a profitable enterprise · 2017-01-24 · kidded(delivered) at an average of 2...
Transcript of Goat rearing-a profitable enterprise · 2017-01-24 · kidded(delivered) at an average of 2...
Introduction Goat was the first animal reared for meat
Early man reared about 10000 yrs ago
Animals reared for milk ,meat and skin
Docile and easy management
Early man was migratory in nature
He took animals also along with them
Animals ( sheep and goat ) had the habbit of following them
They have no shelter
Introduction -contd
Gradually land were used for agricultural purpose
Now a days the lands are fully used for farming
Grazing land reduced
Lack of fodder
Method of rearing has also been changed
Importance of goat rearing
Less investment
More profit
Higher market potential
Disease resistance
Frequent kidding
Two or more kids/delivery
Farm or children can manage
Selection of goats
Dams performance
Free from physical defects
One year old she goat should be weigh about 20kg
Two kidding at 18 months of age
Goats should be free from diseases
Skin should be shining and free from ticks ,lice and scabies
Eye shining and watery.
Feeding and watering normal
Normal urine and faces
Muzzle should be watery
Dairy characters of goats
Long, deep and wedge shaped body Well spring ribs, straight legs, soft shiny goat hair. Capacious udder extending below and between thighs Teats should be uniform in size, medium sized,
sloping slightly forward Udder should be collapsed after milking Prominent milk vein
Dairy confirmation
Goat -character
Parent stock-Boer goat
BARBARI
BOER
Management. Tethering Goats are tied with a rope to a tree or peg
Allow for grazing from the surrounding
Convenient one or two goats
No. labour or minimum utilization of labour
Doe (female goat) Age of attainment of puberty 7months to one year
Age for first mating or AI – 12mon
Estrus cycle 18 to 21 days
Duration of heat 48 hrs
Gestation period 151+_4 days
Extensive production
Free range
Night shelter
Large number of population
Semi intensive
Allowed for grazing during day time
Housed during night
Semi intensive goat rearing
Intensive production Suitable in urban areas (scarcity of grazing land )
Reared intensively in sheds
Feeding and watering should be given inside the shed
Not allowed for grazing
Goat shed
Model goat farm slated flooring
Signs of heat
Wagging of tail. Tail movement increases in the presence of male.
Frequent bleating, more so when the goat is alone.
Excitement or restlessness Anorexia and lack of interest in feed. Drop in milk yield. Vulva becomes swollen and edematous. Small quantity of clear discharge from the
vagina. Doe anxiously goes seeking the buck. It remains close to the buck and allows
mounting. It mounts on other goats and allows to be
mounted by others.
Breeding Little mucous discharge from 1 to 3 days
Heat period varies from 18 to 21 days
Inseminate/allow for two mating at 24hrly interval during heat period
Natural mating by good quality buck
Pregnancy diagnosis Cessation of estrus
Abdominal palpation
Engorgement of udder 6 to 8 wks before kidding
Progesterone in milk
Ultrasonic Doppler foetometer (75 to 100 days)
Care of pregnant goat Keep pregnant animals separately from others.
Provide adequate nutrition, easily digestible and laxative diet.
Do not allow them to fight with each other.
Do not allow them to mix with recently aborted animals.
Shortly before, clip hair around the udder, hind quarters and tail for greater cleanliness.
Care pregnant doe and after kidding Conc. feed @200g from 4th month onwards
400g/kg milk yield after kidding
Conc. feed two times a day
Cleaning of goats after kidding by potassium permanganate solution of 1:1000 dilution .
Allow kids for suckling.
Along kids with goats for first week after that kids should be kept separately and allowed for suckling twice a day .
Signs of approaching kidding
Raising base of tail, sharp hollows at the flank region
Restlessness and pawing at bedding
Rapidly filling udder, udder turning pink and shiny just before kidding
Mucous discharge from vulva
Kidding (delivery) Delivery is three stages
Stage 1- preparatory stage(1-6 hrs)
Stage 2- expulsion of foetus(delivery-0.5 to 1.5 hrs)
Abdominal and uterine contraction
Stage 3-expulsion of placenta(2-6 hrs)
Care of postpartum doe Take the following in a vessel
Rice or wheat bran 0.5kg
Jaggery 100gm
Extract of ginger 5 to 10ml
Common salt sufficient quantity
Slightly warm the mixture
Feed the animal 250gms at two hrly interval
Advandages
Helps for expelsion of placenta
Increase milk yield
Avoid indigestion
Reasons for non shedding of placenta
Abortion
Aged goat
Weak and emaciated goat
Cleaning of doe Boil the water mixed with sufficient quantity of
neem leaves along with 0.1%pota. Permanganate and turmeric powder
Wash the animal after reducing the heat by mixing sufficient quantity of cold water
Care of newborn kid Clean the nostrils and remove the mucous by clean
cloth
Holding the kids by hind legs with head downwards to clear the respiratory tract
Allow the doe to lick the kids
Soak the umbilicus by Tr.iodine. Repeat this after 12 hrs
Feeding colustrum
Colostrums should be fed within half an hour to ensure immunity
Continue for 3 to 4 days
It contains vitamins , antibodies calcium ,phosphorus, protein and minerals
It provides immunity to young 0ne
Milk feeding should be given @1/6th of their body wt for 30 days
Next four weeks reduced to 1/6th of body wt
Third month 1/10th to 1/15th of their body wt
Milk feeding
Substitute for colostrums If colostrums is not available
Cow milk(boiled)250ml
Boiled water 100ml
Wiped egg 1 no.
Vitamin A(fish oil ) 1 teaspoon
Castor oil 0.5teaspoon
Antibiotic 10,000 IU
Feed the kids twice or thrice in a day
Concentrate feeding Highly nutritious easily digestable conc mix. Can be
provided from 2 weeks onwards
This will reduce the quantity of milk feeding
Broiler goat rearing
Highly suitable technology in areas where green fodder is not available
To improve the economy of rural farming community
BROILER GOAT KIDS
What are broiler goat kids? we don’t have any specific breed for this purpose.
The kids produced from goats (whatever breed available in your area) can be used for broiler goat rearing( both male as well as female kids).
Parent stock This technique is highly applicable to the farmers
having goats or already involved in goat rearing. The kids produced from these animals can be used for broiler goat rearing.
For example, suppose a farmer is having 50 goats. Out of these 50 goats, may be 20 goats kidded(delivered) at an average of 2 kids/goat at a time. So that farmer can get totally 40 kids. out of these 40 kids(20 male & 20 female), the kids which are having higher birth weight and those not used for further breeding can be selected for broiler goat rearing.
Note: Broiler kids can be used for meat purpose only and not for breeding.
Parent stock-Boer goat
Australian Boer goat Jamnapari goat from UP
Important Goat breeds
Osmanabadi Kokan kanyal
Beetle
Breeds of goats
Beetle
Sanen
Housing Low cost housing should be constructed in such a way
in a raised platform (about 1 meter height from ground level) by using bamboo/wooden planks to allow passage of dung and urine down to the ground.
Feed and fodder requirement 5-6 Kg green fodder of leguminous and cereal fodder
( Lucerne ,Shesbania, Hedge Lucerne ,Maize ,sorghum,
Hybrid Napier , Marvel ,Hadaga,shevaga, leucanea
lucacephala )
1kg Dry fodder
200-300 gm. Concentrate feed .
20 gm. Mineral mixture
Per adult goat per day
Adlib drinking water for 24 hrs.
Floor space Average floor space 1sq.mt/goat
For kids 0.3sq.mt/kid
For 10 kids 1.8sq.mt
Goat pen should be east west direction
Selection of kids for fattening The goat kids about 15 days to1 month old
i.e before starting to eat green leaves and are having higher birth weight and not used for further breeding can be selected for broiler goat rearing
The selected kids will not be allowed to feed on green fodder/grazing green grasses in open spaces..
Method of rearing
The selected kids are reared intensively by providing concentrate feed (goat feed) @ 5 g mixed with equal quantity of rice gruel (broken boiled rice) initially i.e. at start (15-13 days).
Increase the amount day by day as per feed intake (eg.7g, 115 g, like that).
Add coconut cake, rice bran or ground nut cake with minimum level (1-2g/day/kid to maximum of 150-200/day)
Pure water should be available at all times (24 hours).
Feed supplements Liver tonic (Tefroli/ livol etc.) and fish oil should be
given twice in a week @ 2.5ml/animal per day initially and increase up to 5-10ml/kid/day.
Vimerol 30 ml + 1 lit. Calshakati or Caldivet /Calzol
5 ml twice a week.
young kids should be allowed for mother’s milk twice or thrice in a day.
Feed mixing goat feed available in the market or you can also prepare
own feed mix by using following feed ingredients. Ingredients parts Deoiled grondnut cake 12 Horse gram 30 Wheat/maize/ jowar(grain) 30 Rice polish/wheat bran 15 Dried unsalted fish 10 Min.mixure 1.5 Common salt 1.5 Vit AB2D3 25g/100kg of feed mixture
Marketing
Goat meat is preferred by all
Direct marketing is highly profitable.
Involvement of middle man can reduce the price of animals.
Broiler goat meat is soft and no goaty odour.
Marketing should be done at the attainment of 25-30 kg or at the age of 3-4 months which ever is earlier.
Breeding of parent stock
Parent stock should be allowed for mating by using good quality male(superior breed) or by using frozen semen at about 45 days postpartum(after delivery).
There by the farmers can get continuous supply of goat kids for broiler goat production.
Female goat produce more number of kids in their life time..
Inbreeding Inbreeding is the major problem
Use of same male Repeatedly hence it should be avoided
Breeding male should be changed every year
Synchronization of estrus in Goats In a large herd, synchronization of estrus by using
PGF2 alpha injection and timely breeding by using good quality frozen semen or natural service by superior male will enhance not only conception rate but also the farmer can bring all the animals to deliver(kidding)at a specified period.
Advantages 1. No need to observe estrus signs.
2. Fixed time breeding at 72hrs and 96hrs following PGF2 alpha injection. 3. Delivery of all mated or inseminated animals at a
particular time.
4. Highly useful for broiler goat rearing.
5. Management is easy.
6. Reduced inter-kidding interval (in between the deliveries).
Conclusion A farm woman can manage about 10- 20 kids at a
time without any extra labour.
It is highly profitable to the farmers who is already involved in goat rearing.
The kids should be sold off at about 3-4 months or at the attainment of25-30 kgs whichever is earlier.
A farm woman/farmer can produce more number of broiler kids in short period of time.
Apart from these the reproductive efficiency of female goats can also be highly exploited by proper planning of breeding