1. 1. GOAT RAISING
2. 2. Common Breeds of Goats
3. 3. 1.Anglo-Nubian Haslong, wide, drooping ears and graceful appearance Large Kind: 100 to 140 kg and the Average: 65 kg Some have horns and some are hornless Coat color: Black,gray, white shades of tan red, and white Comes from Nubia in the Northeastern Africa. MilkProduction per day: 2 to 3 kg and the Butterfat Content of Milk: 5% to 6%
4. 4. 2.JummaPari/JumnaPari Hardy andthrives well in hotareas or tropics Coat Color: Blackor White Milk productionper day: 2 kg andits Butterfat: 5%
5. 5. 3.Saanen Has a straightnose and erect ears, well-builtwithmilky head and neck Coat Color: either pure or creamy white Milk production per day: 3 kg and its Butterfat:4.3% Queenof Dairy Goats longestmilkingperiod
6. 6. 4.Toggenburg Comes from the Swiss Alps and knownto have longer life Sturdy and Vigorous Color:Chocolate brownwith distinct white stripes onthe face andwhite onthe legs below the knees Weighs 52 kgat maturity Average Milk Productionper day:4 kgandits Butterfat: 3.81%
7. 7. 5.FrenckAlpine Originatedin France Hasmulticoloredcoat butwith no distinct markings Weighs about 56 kg DailyMilk Production: 3 to 4 kg
8. 8. 6.NativeGoats Small,stocky, andhardy Coatcolor:Red,whiteorblack,or a combinationof thesecolors Weighs about25to30kg at maturity AverageDaily Milk Production: 350gmonly Canbefound throughoutAsia
9. 9. CHOOSING THE BREEDING STOCK
10. 10. THE BUCK Some important points to consider in selecting a herd buck are as follows: 1. Vigor the buck should be the heaviest in the herd. Its legs are strong and high-heeled. The chest should be well- developed and must be free of physical defects. 2. Blood Composition a purebred buck may be used for breeding. If purebreds are not available, a crossbreed or an upgraded buck may be used. 3. Breeding Quality the buck chosen should have the ability to transmit his good qualities to his offspring or progency. This can be detected by the rugged and course appearance of the head, neck, and shoulders (masculine appearance) 4. Aggressiveness the buck should be alert, active, and
11. 11. THE DOE Some points to consider are the following: 1. Milk Production the body should be wedge-shaped. The udder should show plenty of capacity, pliable, soft, and balanced in shape with formed treats. 2. Size large body size indicates that she will be a good producer and is advantageous in milking. Ribs also should be well-sprung. 3. Docility and Dairy Temperament the doe should not create trouble and should be handled easily. This is shown by the happy expression of the eyes. 4. Motherly Instinct the doe show fondness and care for
12. 12. BREEDING - increasing the animal population and improving the performance of the herd. - Ideal Age for Breeding: 10 to 12 months and by that time the goat must already be capable of sustaining the needs for pregnancy and lactation or milk production.
13. 13. 1. PUBERTY is known as the age of maturity. It is reaching the age of three to four months. Bucks and does are not yet ready for breeding at this age. 2. ESTRUS OR HEAT is the period when the doe is ready to accept the buck. Usually this lasts two to three days. 3. STROUS CYCLE is the period between two successive heat periods where no conception happened. It runs from 18 to 24 days. 4. GESTATION PERIOD is the period between conception and kidding (growth of offspring or pregnancy). The normal length of gestation period is five months.
14. 14. BREEDING PRACTICES FOR DOES The doe is generally fertile and can become pregnant easily after one service. Common signs of estrus are: 1. Shaking of tail from side to side 2. Bleating 3. Urination 4. Mucus discharge from vulva 5. Riding other animals 6. Vulva is swollen
15. 15. REPRODUCTIVE FAILURES There are many reasons why some female goats or does fail to conceive: 1. Infertile sperm from the buck 2. Female disease vibriosis and brucellosis 3. Abnormal egg 4. Overfat condition of the doe 5. Malnutrition or too weak
16. 16. BREEDING PRACTICES FOR BUCKS - A buck is considered superior if gain in weight, feed efficiency, and / or milk production in his offspring are better that of the dam. - A buck should: 1. Not be used until he is eight months old. 2. Not serve more than ten or twenty does before he becomes one year old 3. Not serve more than two per week. 4. Never be allowed to run with the herd as some of the does may be bred too young. 5. Be changed often to prevent inbreeding of the herd
17. 17. - If he reaches more than a year old, the number of services may be increased gradually. - If breeding is not controlled, the breeding load should be 25 does for every buck. - It is not, however, advisable to sell them but instead lease or lend them for a specific period of time to other goat raisers with contract of leave, cash arrangement, and conditions. - Bucks are the highest breeding efficiency if combined and their services are regulated.
18. 18. BREEDING SYSTEM The goat breeding systems that may be adopted are: 1. UPGRADING is the safest system and good for the prospective breeder of purebred stock. It is mating of a native or relatively unimproved parent with highly improved one. One may get a purebred bucks to service a native doe. The Offspring are called half-breeds. 2. INBREEDING is the mating of closely related goats such as with brother and sister, parents with offspring. The raiser of this system must be willing to cull the offspring if detected with undesirable characteristics. This has been used in developing most breeds of livestock.
19. 19. 3. LINE BREEDING is considered the mild form of inbreeding because the mating is only between half brother and sister. 4. CROSSBREEDING is the mating of two different breeds, thus increasing the size of the offspring particularly if two inbreeds are crossed. 5. OUTCROSSING is the mating of unrelated animals, within the same breed. Development is slow because the two animals have different qualities.
20. 20. HOUSING, FENCING AND FEEDING THE GOATS
21. 21. For a goat house that can be built in the backyard, the following can be done: 1. A shed of bamboo with nipa and cogon roofing should be acquired. 2. A shed measuring 2x3 m can house two mature goats. 3. The flooring should be made of bamboo slats elevated one foot high for easy cleaning. 4. There should also be spaces between to allow manure to fall through. 5. Build a feeder, mineral box, hay tract, and water holder for better feeding especially when the weather is bad. 6. The floor should be about 1 m off the ground. HOUSING
22. 22. 1. A barn measuring 10 feet high is recommended. Nipa, cogon, or galvanized iron sheets can be used as roof. 2. Its floor may be made of wooden slats measuring 1 to 2 inches wide and must be elevated approximately 3 feet to facilitate cleaning underneath. 3. Barn for the general herd should provide partition to separate kids, pregnant does, milking does, and bucks. 4. The front of the goat house should be provided with hay or forage racks, mineral boxes, and water troughs so that the caretaker can feed the animals outside. FOR A GOAT FARM
23. 23. - The fence should at least 3 to 4 feet high. FENCING - Fencing materials such as barbed-wire, hog wire, bamboo poles can be used. - A hard wood, preferably yakal may be used as corner posts since it could stand pressure - Each post should be dug deep enough to prevent falling.
24. 24. PROPER FEEING GUIDE FOR GOATS - Goats are by nature chewing animals so a practical feeding program should be applied and is based on the type and quality of roughage available. This is because the quality of roughage determines both the amount and the quality of concentrated needed.
25. 25. FEEDING THE LACTATING DOE - A lactating doe should be fed with good quality grasses and legumes. For every kilo of milk that a doe gives, she should be fed with one kilo of concentrate. Fresh water and loose coarse salt should be given abundantly.
26. 26. FEEDING THE DRY DOE - Good-quality pasture and roughage plus concentrate at a level of 0.2 to 0.7 kilogram per day is usually recommended for pregnant, dry does. She should be adequately fed with good, high quality feeds in order to build reserves for coming lactation, and also to nourish the developing fetus.
27. 27. FEEDING THE YEARLINGS - Young goats should be provided with enough nutrients for maintenance and growth. A space for exercise, good quality grasses, and legumes are important for yearlings. Give them one half kilo of concentrate a day.
28. 28. FEEDING THE BABY GOATS - Allow the Baby goat to be with the mother for the first five days. In this situation, the baby will be able to suck the milk whenever it is hungry and also get the colostrum needed for its good health. After 5 days the kid should be with the mother during the day only. This should be done until the kid is ready to be weaned at four to five months old.
29. 29. Baby goats can be bottle fed if: 1. There are more than two kids from a doe 2. A doe is not capable of nursing her own kids 3. A doe died after delivery 4. If the goats milk is for consumption or for sale
30. 30. FEEDING THE BUCK - The buck for breeding should be fed properly. He should be given one-half kilo of concentrate plus twenty of grasses and legumes when not being used. When the buck is scheduled for service, increase the concentrate to one kilo per day to maintain his fertility and good condition.
31. 31. COMMON FEED IN INGREDIENTS FOR GOATS
32. 32. Goat feeds are classified to the amount of a specific nutrient or the amount of digestible nutrients they provide. The first classes of feed ingredients are: 1. ROUGHAGE feeds containing large amounts of fiber. This includes fresh-cut grasses, legumes, hays, and other similar feeds. Common examples are ipil-ipil, napier, para grass, kakawate, and kadyos. 2. CONCENTRATE feeds which are highly digestible but low in fiber. This includes all grains and many byproducts of grains and animals such as rice bran, corn bran, meat meal, molasses, and soybean oil meal. 3. ADDITIVES chemical compounds which are used to improve growth rate and to control disease in farm animals. Examples are antibiotics, enzymes, antibacterial agents. Etc.
33. 33. GOAT HERD HEALTH PROGRAM
34. 34. A Herd Health Programfor goats is essentialin maintaining the productivity of theanimals and to control the possibility of disease outbreaks.
35. 35. SOME PRACTICES FOR DISEASE PREVENTION: 1. Buy only healthy and vigorous stocks. 2. Isolate new purchased stocks for at least 30 days before mixing with old herds. 3. Do not allow the entry of other people except those who are in charge of taking care of the herds. Keep production records, this is important in keeping track of productivity in herds. 4. Keep production records, this is important in keeping track of productivity in herds. 5. Have regular deworming since internal and external parasites are common problems in goats. 6. Have a continuing health monitoring of the herd. Early detection of illness and treatment will prevent further spread and diseases.