Historical Archaeology as Modern-World Archaeology in Argentina
Goals of Archaeology. Archaeology: Important Terms Focuses on ___________ _____________________...
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Transcript of Goals of Archaeology. Archaeology: Important Terms Focuses on ___________ _____________________...
Archaeology: Important Terms• Focuses on ___________ _____________________ ____________________
• Sites: Precise __________
Archaeology: Important Terms
• Features: ____________________________
• Artifacts: ___________________________
• Ethnoarchaeology _______________________________
Example: modern-day foragers
Archaeology & Cultural Anthropology• ________________________
Learn about individual cultures Compare & contrast
Form a broad understanding of ______________
• Archaeology 1. 2.
Discovery & Description• ______________
• Includes _________ located & investigated
_______ described & classified
______ chronologies formulated
_____________ ________________
Explanation
• Seek to ___________ explanations based _________________________ results
• ‘Understanding why things are the way they are.’
Understanding Human Behavior
Contribute to ________________
• _________________________ Subsistence strategies How is this achieved?
• ________________ Cultural & social change Use of technology
Learning Objectives1. Understand how archaeologists gather
information about past cultures.
2. Understand how the archaeological process works, and the ways archaeologists use science to explore how people lived in the past.
3. Describe how studies of material culture can serve as a form of data to improve knowledge about human behavioral variability in past and contemporary societies
Doing Archaeology• Locating Sites
• Excavation
• Dating Techniques
• Artifact Analysis
• Site & Regional Synthesis
Interpreting the Past • _________________________
Ecological niches Can the environment influence population size? How so?
• _______________________ Bands, Tribes, Chiefdoms, & States
Interpreting the Past Subsistence Strategies
Food Collectors Food Producers
Foragers Pastoralists Horticulturists & Agriculturists
_____ ___________
Interpreting the Past
• Human societies Remember Morgan, Radcliffe-Brown, Malinowski, Boas….
• After WWII Archaeological & ethnographic information Considered:
1. 2.
Interpreting the Past: Social Organization
• Chiefdoms:
• States: stratified society, defined territory, governmental institutions
Empires:
Interpreting the Past: What are Material Remains?• Artifact
Any movable object that has been __________________________________
• Stone, bone, metal tools; beads & other ornaments, pottery, artwork, religious & sacred items
Interpreting the Past: What are Material Remains?• Ecofact
Artifacts that ____________________
• _______________________
Interpreting the Past: What are Material Remains?• Midden
_______________________________ Consists of sediment
• Food remains & discarded artifacts
Interpreting the Past: What are Material Remains?• Feature
______________________
• Hearths, pits, or house floors
• Reveal information ______________