Goal 6
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Transcript of Goal 6
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Goal 6: The Law
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Influences on American Law
• Code of Hammurabi• Ten Commandments• English Common Law• Roman Law (Jurisprudence)
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Code of Hammurabi
• Definition–First set of written laws with punishments
• Influence–Breaking the law = consequence •ex: death, cut off hand
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Ten Commandments• Definition–Set of moral laws•Ex: don’t kill, don’t steal, don’t cheat
• Influence–Established moral laws in America•Ex: don’t kill, don’t steal, don’t cheat
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English Common Law
• Definition–English courts use previous cases to decide crimes and punishments
• Influence–The use of precedence in American court system
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Roman Law (Jurisprudence)
•Definition–The study of the law as a profession
• Influence–Law School, Lawyers & Judges
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The 4 Types of Laws• Common/Civil Law• Criminal/Statutory Law• Administrative Law• Constitutional Law
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Common/Civil Law
• Description–Laws that deal with conflicts between people
• Examples–Divorce Law, injunctions
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Criminal/Statutory Law
•Description–A state penal code (statute)
•Example–Theft, arson, assault, robbery
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Administrative Law
• Description–A law created by a government agency
• Example–Restaurant ratings, ‘bleeped’ words on the radio
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Constitutional Law
• Description– A Law created by the Constitution
• Example–No poll tax (24th Amendment), segregated schools (14th Amendment)
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Government Agencies
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• CDC• promotes health and quality of life
by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability
Center for Disease Control
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Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
• The CIA is an independent agency responsible for providing national security intelligence to senior US policymakers. The Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA) is nominated by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate.
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• CPSC• protect consumers from risks of
injuries associated with products
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Federal Aviation Administration
• FAA • regulates
aviation to promote safety and operates a system of air traffic control
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• FDA• Regulates food, dietary
supplements, prescription drugs, cosmetics and medical devices (makes sure these products are safe to consume for use)
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Federal Emergency Management Agency
• FEMA• strives to reduce the loss of life and
property from all hazards, including natural disasters and acts of terrorism by teaching people how to get through a disaster, will also help people get back on their feet after a disaster
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Federal Communications Commission
• FCC• regulate
communication, including radio, television, wire, satellite and cable
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US Citizenship and Immigration Services
• USCIS• regulates immigration and
naturalization services. Settles immigrant visa petitions, naturalization petitions, and asylum and refugee applications.
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Internal Revenue Service
• IRS• helps Americans understand and
meet their tax responsibilities. Applies the tax law fairly to all
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Drug Enforcement Administration
• DEA• enforces controlled substance laws.
Investigates and prosecutes violators of controlled substance laws. The DEA also seeks prosecution of criminals and drug gangs who perpetrate violence in our communities
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Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives
• ATF• Regulates the firearms and
explosives industries to prevent terrorism, reduce violent crime, acts of arson, and illegal trafficking of alcohol and tobacco products.
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Law Enforcement and Informing the Public
Turn to page 3 of your qualifier
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Law Enforcement
• Find your Law Enforcement graphic organizer we have already completed and put them in your notes. You have 7 minutes to get this completed!
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Law Enforcement Agencies
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Police
• Jurisdiction–Town or City (CMPD)
• Job–Carry out the everyday tasks (traffic, arrests, 911 calls)
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Sheriff
• Jurisdiction–County (Mecklenburg)
• Job–Serve warrants, oversee jails, transport prisoners, courthouse security
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State Trooper(Highway Patrol)
• Jurisdiction–State (N.C.)
• Job–Patrol interstates, enforce commerce laws, assist local police
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State Bureau of Investigation(SBI)
• Jurisdiction–State (N.C.)
• Job–Investigate criminal activities that deal with more than one part of the state
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Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI)• Jurisdiction–Country (U.S.)
• Job–Investigate criminal activities that include more than one state
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Drug Enforcements Agency(DEA)
• Jurisdiction–Country (U.S.)
• Job–Investigate and arrest in drug related crimes
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Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms(ATF)
• Jurisdiction–Country (U.S.)
• Job–Catch criminals of alcohol, tobacco, or firearm use
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Secret Service
• Jurisdiction–U.S. and rest of World
• Job–Protect the President and other top officials–Investigate counterfeiting (fake $) crimes
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Law Enforcement CHALLENGE!!!
• Decide which law enforcement agency will be involved in the following scenarios.
• Don’t show your answers until told to do so. This way you are protecting your team.
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Scenario #1
• Jeremiah is driving an tractor trailer down I-77 30mph over the speed limit.
STATE TROOPER
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Scenario #2
• A warrant is out for the arrest of Jasmine who robbed two old ladies on Sunday.
SHERIFF
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Scenario #3
• A farmer in Cabarrus County is growing an illegal substance in one of his fields
Drug Enforcement Agency(DEA)
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Scenario #4
• There is a Timbaland concert at Bobcats Arena and traffic needs to be controlled.
POLICE
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Scenario #5
• Two murder crimes, one in Charlotte, the other in Wilmington, have been linked together.
STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION (SBI)
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Scenario #6
• A wine maker is transporting bottles across the country without the proper permit.
Alcohol Tobacco and Firearm(ATF)
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Scenario #7
• Terrorists in New York are talking to terrorists in Los Angles about another attack on the U.S.
Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI)
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Scenario #8
• There is a riot in uptown Charlotte after the Panthers lose the Super Bowl by 1 point.
POLICE
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Scenario #9
• CMPD needs help finding Ms. Huckaby, who fell off a boat on Lake Norman.
STATE TROOPER
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Scenario #10
• Black market DVD’s a being smuggled into the U.S. along the eastern states.
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION (FBI)
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Scenario #11
• Snipers are shooting innocent civilians in Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia.
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION (FBI)OR
ALCOHOL TOBACCO and FIREARM (ATF)
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Scenario #12
• Ms. Nall is being brought to trial for the murder of a student who didn’t do his homework. Security is needed at the courthouse.
SHERIFF
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Scenario #13
• Mr. Leichner was murdered in his Mecklenburg County home, but his body was found in a Gaston County park.
STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION (SBI)
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Scenario #14
• A huge drug bust is about to take place in Charlotte.
Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)
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Scenario #15
• The President is traveling to Iraq to surprise the troops during Thanksgiving.
SECRET SERVICE
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• When different law enforcement agencies from two areas of jurisdiction work together to return a suspect to the place of a crime, it is known as _________________.
EXTRADITION
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What is retribution?
• A criminals payment to society for committing a crime.–Prison time, fine, death penalty, re$titution
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What is re$titution?
• A criminal pays the victim money as part of his or her punishment
DISCUSS: How is restitution different from a fine?
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What are possible punishments for a convicted Felon?
• Prison• Death Penalty• Loss of privilege• Restitution
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What are possible punishments for someone guilty of a misdemeanor?
• Fine• Community Service• Probation• Jail time
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What are possible punishments for convicted minor?
• Juvenile Detention• Probation• Community Service• Boot Camp
THE GOAL IS REHABILITATION!!!!
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The “Full faith & credit clause”
Page 3, #4• Allows one states to uphold the laws
of another state. • EX: A 15 year old S.C. can drive by
herself in N.C.
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What is meant by the statement…
• “Ignorance of the law is no excuse”?
• A person who is unaware of the law cannot escape liability for violating the law merely because they were unaware of the law.
Discuss: Is this a good policy?
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Ways citizens can inform themselves of new laws…
• attend town meetings,• public hearings, or• public forums• media• utilizing government publications and
websites
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Ways the government can inform citizens of new laws
• public debates• franking privilege• press releases• update government publications and
websites• Examples– Click it or ticket campaigns–Move over laws
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Retribution
• Turn to page 3 of your qualifier!!!
Define retribution – – Punishment given after being convicted
of a crime.
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Types of Punishments (Retribution) for convicted felon
• Turn back to page 8
• Prison terms of substantial length• Loss of Privileges such as professional
licenses, public offices, or public employment, driver’s license
• Capital Punishment-a sentence of public execution
• Restitution- pay money to the victim or the judicial system
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Types of punishments- guilty of a misdemeanor
• Prison lasting usually no longer than 12 months. Sometimes even part time imprisonment, weekend stays, etc..
• Community Service• Fines• Probation
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Types of punishment – convicted minor (<18yrs)
• Boot Camp programs instill discipline, education, and civic responsibility in youth offenders.
• Probation a suspended jail sentence for the convicted to be rehabilitated by the community
• Community Service• House Arrest
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What is the goal in punishing minors compared to punishing adults??
• rehabilitation – to correct the wrong decisions of minors in hopes they will not make bad decisions when they are adults
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Supreme Court CasesGoal 6
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Korematsu v. United States (1944)
• Amendment at question?– 14th (equal protection)
• Story– Japanese-Americans
forced to move from the west coast to internment camps during WWII
• Impact– Can take away civil
rights of a single racial group if protecting national security
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Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
• Amendment at question– 14th amendment (equal protection)
• Story– White student rejected by a medical school
even though his GPA was higher than some minority students. Bakke claimed reverse discrimination.
• Impact– Race can be one of the factors when
choosing students for a diverse student body. Quotas (a set number) are not allowed.
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New Jersey V. TLO (1985)• Amendment– 4th searches and seizures– 14th equal protection
• Story– Accused of smoking in bathroom, was
searched and had cigarettes, marijuana, and evidence that she was dealing drugs. Claimed evidence obtained by “unreasonable” search
• Impact– Schools can search as long as there
is a “reasonable suspicion” do not have to prove “probable cause”
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Roe v. Wade (1973)• Amendment– 9th (right to privacy)
• Story– Texas woman
challenged the state law forbidding abortion
• Impact– Court upheld a
woman’s right to choose whether or not to end her pregnancy through the 1st trimester (1st 3 months)
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Texas v. Johnson (1989)
• Amendment– 1st (freedom of speech)
• Story– Man arrested for
burning a flag which violated Texas state law
• Impact– Flag burning is
protected under free speech/protest
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What types of cases does the US Supreme Court have original jurisdiction?
• Disputes between states• Conflicts with foreign gov’ts or
officials
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What are the two sides of a civil trial?
• Plaintiff v. defense
• What do these two sides usually end up doing about their dispute? Why?– Settling outside of court because court
fees are expensive