1. The New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison Goal 1.01: Domestic issues/conflicts during the Federalist Era Goal 1.02: Political freedoms of key groups Goal 1.03: Commercial/political relationships with other nations CHAPTER 2 (pages 58-89)

2. A New Nation July 4, 1776: Declaration of Independence American colonies break away from Great Britain 1776-1783: Revolutionary War w/ GB, while France becomes our ally 1787: Constitutional Convention meets in Philly, creates plan for 3 branches of govt Executive (Prez) Legislative (Congress) Judicial (Supreme Court)

3. George Washington Military hero, longtime leader, easy choice for 1st Prez. ELECTED PREZ 1789 who voted him in? Keyword: SUFFRAGE (right to vote) Who had the right to vote in this New Nation? VP: John Adams (JA), another revolutionary leader

4. GW as Prez Running govt too much responsibility for 1 person. Solution? GW created the first Cabinet key advisors, each running their own dept. State Thomas Jefferson Treasury Alexander Hamilton War Henry Knox

5. GW as Prez Bill of Rights ratified 1791 Civics flashback: Constitutional Convention fight how much power to give to the national govt? Federalists okay w/ Constitution as written Anti-Federalists wanted Bill of Rights guaranteeing that individual/states rights would be protected Both sides compromise, & by 1791 the Bill of Rights (first ten 10 amendments) added to the Const

6. GW as Prez Civics flashback: Constitution created Supreme Court, gave Congress power to add/create other courts) Judiciary Act of 1789: Congress created federal district courts + attorney general First Supreme Court had 6 justices (1 Chief Justice, 5 Associate)

7. GW as Prez Key problem facing new nation: NO MONEY (War is expensive!) Hamiltons Economic Plan: Fed govt pays off state & foreign debts Support business with laissez-faire economics (little govt regulation) Find new income (taxes/tariffs) Create Bank of US/national currency

8. GW as Prez Opposition to Hamiltons Plan: South has less debt, doesnt like being made responsible for $ owed by northern states Laissez-faire would make the rich richer, but how would ordinary Americans benefit? Too much power to federal govt No one likes taxes

9. Hamiltons Plan Leave Business Totally Alone, Stupid!! (LBTAS) L: Laissez-faire B: Bank of US T: Taxes A: All debts paid S: Support from rich

10. GW as Prez Whiskey Rebellion: first major domestic challenge of US PA farmers hate new whiskey tax, fight back Hamilton v. Jefferson 1794, troops sent in & rebellion falls apart Disagreements over taxes/use of govt power

11. GW as Prez Two-party system: FEDERALISTS DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS GW, AH, John Adams Loose interpretation of the Constitution Supported by northerners, merchants TJ, James Madison Strict interpretation of the Constitution Supported by southerners, farmers

12. Federalists Whats Happening Friend? Nothing Lately W: Washington/Adams H: Hamilton F: FEDERALISTS N: National govt L: Loose constructionists

13. Democratic-Republicans Just Joking, Dear. Really, Im So Sorry J: Jefferson J: James Madison/Monroe D: DEMOCRATIC R: REPUBLICAN I: Individual rights S: States rights S: Strict constructionist

14. GW as Prez Problems with Native Americans: US gets NW Territory from GB, but filled with allied tribes trying to stop American expansion (NA helped by British!) 1794, NA defeated at Battle of Fallen Timbers Treaty of Greeneville signed 1795, NA leaders give most of territory (modern-day Ohio) to US Govt

15. GW as Prez US and GB: British forts still in NW Territory, helping NA uprisings Problem of British ships impressing (kidnapping) American sailors 1794, GW signs Jays Treaty with GB: British give up forts, US repays prewar debts to GB, no agreement on impressment

16. GW as Prez US and France: 1789 marked start of French Revolution (no more kings!), eventually thousands executed by new govt GB & France at war 1790s 1793, GW issues Proclamation of Neutrality (US will not get involved in European wars)

17. GW as Prez US and Spain: Land disputes with Spain over Florida borders, US farmer access to Mississippi River 1795, GW signed Pinckneys Treaty: gives US access to Mississippi River & New Orleans

18. GW as Prez

19. GW as Prez Served two terms (1789-1797) Decided not to run again & set a precedent followed by all other Prezs until 1940s. Washington Farewell Address: goodbye speech to American people, offers political advice for Prezs to come.

20. Election of 1796 Prez: John Adams (GWs VP/Federalist) VP: Thomas Jefferson (former SS/Dem-Rep) First Lady Abigail Adams says Remember the Ladies (women should have rights too!)

21. JA as Prez XYZ Affair: 1797, Americans told they have to pay a bribe to France (makes US angry/unofficial war with France) Convention of 1800: AKA Treaty of Montefortaine resolves US-France conflict

22. JA as Prez Alien and Sedition Acts: laws passed by Federalists 1798, as reaction to conflict with France Alien Act: Prez could arrest/deport immigrants (immigrants D-R!) Sedition Act: made it a crime to criticize the govt

23. JA as Prez States protest Alien & Sedition Acts! Jefferson & Madison write Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, passed by state legislatures 1798/1799, declare A&S Acts unconstitutional Nullification: idea that states could reject, or nullify, federal laws they didnt like

24. States (VA, KY, NC, Mass, Conn, etc) Federal Government

25. Election of 1800 Election of 1800 called Revolution of 1800: D-R take power peacefully! Tie between TJ & Aaron Burr; House of Reps picks TJ for Prez, TJ reelected 1804 JA as sore loser: Adams appointed midnight judges to keep Federalists in power, including Chief Justice John Marshall for SC

26. TJ as Prez D-R Political Changes: A&S Acts not renewed Taxes stopped TJ a strict constructionistOR WAS HE? Louisiana Purchase (1803) TJ buys LA from France for 15 million, doubled size of US, becomes loose constructionist 1804, Lewis and Clark explore Louisiana Purchase

27. TJ as Prez Marbury vs. Madison, 1803 Established judicial review: SC has power to review ALL laws (less power to states, more power to national govt esp judicial branch) Chief Justice John Marshall expands power of fed govt through M v. M & other SC decisions

28. TJ as Prez Napoleonic wars in Europe, US tried to stay neutral Impressment continues: 1790s 2400 sailors were impressed by GB; 1802-1811 British impressed 8000 sailors

29. TJ as Prez TJ ordered Embargo of 1807: American ships must stay home, no longer trading with GB. Embargo FAILS: doesnt hurt British, instead hurts American merchants, farmers, sailors

30. Election of 1808 James Madison elected 4th President (friend to TJ, fellow D-R) Key challenges: Conflict with GB Shawnee warrior Tecumseh and his brother The Prophet tried to unite Indian nations against American expansion. 1811, Tecumseh & allies defeated by William Henry Harrison at Battle of Tippecanoe

31. JM as Prez War Hawks demand war with GB. Mostly young politicians from south/west (Ex: John Calhoun/SC, Henry Clay/KY) Fiery nationalists who spoke out against impressments, British support for NA Called for invasion of British Canada

32. JM as Prez Madison asks Congress to declare war on GB in 1812 (War of 1812 begins) Adv for US: close to Canada, know the territory. Disadv for US: internal conflict, smaller military American attempts to invade Canada in 1812/1813 fail; by late 1814 US changes strategy, plays defense

33. JM as Prez Hartford Convention: Federalist meeting Dec 1814, during the war Federalists oppose war, consider secession (breakaway) from US, separate peace with GB. Federalist party loses popularity

34. JM as Prez Battle of New Orleans: American victory in the War of 1812, troops led by Andrew Jackson. Treaty of Ghent ended War of 1812 After 1812: Rise in American nationalism/confidence; other countries began to see the US as successful, independent country