Goal 1 Objectives

1.01: Identify the major domestic issues and conflicts experienced by the nation during the Federalist

Period.1.02: Analyze the political freedoms available to the

following groups prior to 1820: women, wage earners, landless farmers, Native Americans, African

Americans.1.03: Assess commercial and diplomatic relationships

with Britain, France and other nations.

…first, a little history

By 1760, there had been 18 uprisings aimed at overthrowing British colonial governments in America (including 6 black rebellions in the South)

What were the results of the Seven Year’s War? (aka: French and Indian War?)

What is the conflict….?

British: need our wealth Americans: need our freedom

Attacks on wealthy land owners and colonists begin…as taxes become an issue (i.e. Stamp Act), impressments and quartering of British troops all are ticking off the Americans.

Thomas Paine writes Common Sense

“I challenge the warmest advocate for reconciliation to show a single advantage that this continent can reap by being connection with Great Britain. I repeat the challenge; not a single advantage is derived.”…”everything that is right or reasonable pleads for separation.”

Lexington and Concord-April 1775

Clash between colonial Minutemen and British troops that lead the Continental Congress to decide on separation

What happens next…?

Declaration of Independence: July 4, 1776

“We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new government…”

Who is not considered in the writing of this document?

African Americans Women Non Land owners Indentured servants

Was this intentional?

…in the new code of laws, I desire you to remember the ladies, and be more generous to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power in the hands of husbands. Remember, all men would be tyrants if they could” – Abigail Adams, John Adams wife

Sort of a Revolution

Who supported the American Revolution? “our countrymen have all the folly of

the ass and all the passiveness of the sheep…they are determined not to be free…if we are saved, it will be France and Spain that will save us.” – Alexander Hamilton

Revolution Starts…1776-1783 Success at Valley Forge (George

Washington) Yorktown, Virginia 1781(thank you

French navy!) Internal conflicts: revolts and

mutinies between rich and poor take place throughout the Revolution

How were we able to win?

Revolution Ends…now what?

Treaty of Paris: established new boundaries and acknowledged 13 colonies were free

Each colony is now and independent “state”

Each new state established a “republic”

Articles of Confederation In 1781, the 13 states operated under these

articles which had several weaknesses:

Each state has one vote in Confederation Congress and all 13 are needed to pass an amendment

No executive or judicial system Confederation Congress could not levy taxes or

enforce laws In short, states were more powerful than the

new national government

Philadelphia Convention Debates

Virginia Plan: population weighted representation (2 houses)

New Jersey Plan: each state will have 1 vote in Congress, power to levy taxes and executive branch

Connecticut Compromise: 2 houses (House by population and Senate equal representatives)

The Constitution Written

Federalists Papers: written in part by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay Supported ratification of new Constitution

proposed, better than a monarchy Need for a stronger government Protection against tyranny (3 branches)

By 1788, 12 states had voted to ratify the Constitution and went into effect in 1789. How was slavery question answered?

George Washington: Answers call to become the 1st president

“We are in a wilderness without a single footstep to guide us.” –James Madison

First cabinet Thomas Jefferson: Secretary of State Alexander Hamilton: Secretary of Treasury Henry Knox: Secretary of War (1,000 man

army to fight Indians) John Jay: Chief Justice

“No other statesman has personified National Power and the rule of the favored so well as Hamilton, and no other has glorified self-government and the freedom of the individual to such a degree as Jefferson.”

Bill of Rights and Branches

First 10 Amendments of Constitution Protected citizen from potential abuse

by the federal government

Judicial Act of 1789 Setup court with 5 supreme court justices

and a chief justice 3 federal circuit courts and 13 district

courts

Setup with President and VP

Hamilton vs. Jefferson Hamilton wants powerful federal government

(Federalists) Headaches: massive national debt and no money National Bank funded by federal government and

private lenders (why did Federalists want this?) Bank of the US: issue paper money, handle tax

receipts and other government funds

Jefferson wants strong state and local control (Anti-federalists)

What do we win in a compromise to Hamilton’s Plan?

What happened with Hamilton’s Plan?

Unhealthy alliance between government and business interests

Is it unconstitutional? Money should be based on gold

and silver

Political Parties – surprise!

Federalists and Democratic Republicans Who was Federalist? Who was Democratic Republican?

(tidbit: name was shortened to Republicans, later they became Democrats)

Whiskey Rebellion

Excise tax on whiskey upset many farmers – why?

Farmers harassed and assaulted tax collectors, formed militias

How did Washington respond and what did we learn from this?

Jay’s Treaty of 1794

Pioneers moving west faced 2 problems: British forts and Indians (British were

pushing Indians to resist pioneers) John Jay sent to London to negotiate

British withdrew forts west of Appalachian Mtns; Americans would repay war debts to Brits

Did not secure: impressments problem or allowing British trade in the region

Pinckney’s Treaty

Signed a treaty with Spain to secure land east of the Mississippi River Opened port of New Orleans for

American use and trade on Miss. River Established northern boundary of

Spanish Florida

What did this result in?

Washington’s Farewell Address

With constant turmoil among foreign policy and in his cabinet, Washington did not seek a 3rd term Urged US to steer clear of alliances

with foreign nations and sectionalism Do not form political parties!

Election of 1796 John Adams 2nd President and

Jefferson VP France begins to seize American ships

bound for Britain citing Jay Treaty as breech of French-American alliance

French Agents (X, Y, and Z demanded bribes for peace)

What was result of the XYZ Affair?

Alien and Sedition Acts

Why were these passed?

Raised the residence requirement to become an American

Allowed president to deport or jail any alien considered undesirable

Could not write, print, or say anything against the US govt

Jefferson wins 1800 election (3rd president)

Why was this significant? Jefferson wants free speech and

public debate Abandons Alien and Sedition Acts,

hated taxes and cuts national debt

What is the significance of Marbury vs. Madison?

Louisiana Purchase

Who owned New Orleans prior to the purchase?

Why did Napoleon decide to sell all of Louisiana?

Why was the Louisiana Purchase significant?

War Hawks

A young group of congressmen from the south call for war against Britain (via Canada) Henry Clay and John Calhoun

Why is war with Britain eminent?

War of 1812 Newly elected James Madison declares

war saying “Britain is strangling trade and crippling the American economy”

War in Canada was a huge setback for Americans (we sucked, except in defeating British Indian allies in the US)

War at Sea: British ships outnumbering American warships, blockades…but we fought better, despite the burning of D.C.

What ended War of 1812? Why did the Federalist party end shortly after?

Inventions Impact Slavery

What invention increased the ability for profits and had a significant effect on slavery and farming?