Goal 1 Building a New Nation George Washington NO POLITICAL PARTY Proclamation of Neutrality (during war between French & British) Whiskey Rebellion (Fed. govt will enforce laws) Farewell Address (unity at home, neutrality abroad) Washingtons Cabinet Thomas Jefferson=Sec. of State Alexander Hamilton=Sec. of the Treasury Henry Knox=Sec. of War Edmund Randolph=Attorney General Thomas Jefferson1 st Sec. of State 1 st Democratic Republican Alexander Hamilton1 st Sec. of the Treasury 1 st Federalist Edmund Randolph 1 st Attorney General took over as Sec. of State when Jefferson resigned The Constitution said there would be a Court System but it did not give the framework for the judiciary system. Judiciary of 1789 Created federal district courts and circuit courts for the states Federal courts were given the power to reverse state court decisions The Supreme Court was the highest court in the land Bill of Rights 1 st ten amendments added to the Constitution Passed b/c Anti-federalists demanded that a Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution to protect individual rights of citizens. Antifederalists feared the power of a strong central govt Federalists wanted a strong central govt Bill of Rights Hamilton v. Jefferson Federalist v. Democratic Republican Federalist Party Alexander Hamilton Wanted a strong national govt Favored wealthy, educated, northerners Loose interpretation of the Constitution Democratic Republican Party Thomas Jefferson Strict Interpretation of the Constitution Supported strong state govts Wanted a limited national govt Favored the common man Agrarian, southerners Hamiltons Economic Plan deal national debt & set up banking system Forgive State Debt (He was trying to make people happy so they would support the new govt---South was mad b/c they had already repaid their debt) Move Capital to the District of Columbia (to make the South happy) Hamiltons Economic Plan Establish the Bank of the U.S. (BUS) a national bank To issue money Taxes revenue would be deposited in it Supported by wealthy investors (made people mad b/c didnt want the rich fat cats to have too much influence on the new govt) Madison didnt like it Jefferson thought it was unconstitutional b/c the Constitution said nothing about a national bank (Strict v. Loose interpretation of the Constitution) Bank of the United States (BUS) a national bank To issue money Taxes revenue would be deposited in it Supported by wealthy investors (made people mad b/c didnt want the rich fat cats to have too much influence on the new govt)Madison didnt like it Jefferson thought it was unconstitutional b/c the Constitution said nothing about a national bank (Strict v. Loose interpretation of the Constitution) Whiskey Rebellion Hamilton put an excise tax on whiskey Farmers rebelled b/c they made the whiskey Hamilton knew they would rebel Washington & Hamilton sent the military to enforce the whiskey tax Show of force by the Federal govt Tariff Tax on imported goods (from other countries) Washingtons Farewell Address Unity at homeno political party Neutrality Abroadstay out of foreign wars Jays Treaty Between US & Great Britain British soldiers had to leave from posts in the American West British could maintain the fur trade in US Would settle the border issues between the U.S. and Canada Would settle American losses in British ship seizures and Loyalist losses during the War for Independence US got limited trade rights in British West Indies Jays Treaty US didnt really have political power on the world scene so we were limited in what we could really demand from Great Britain with Jays Treaty French still got mad with US b/c we were negotiating with the British Pinckneys Treaty 1796The Treaty of San Lorenzo Between US & Spain Treaty will dramatically affect US expansion WEST US allowed to use the Mississippi River for trade Allowed to use the port of New Orleans US southern boundary = 31 st parallel Spain gave up lands east of the Mississippi (MS & AL) but not Florida John Adams--Federalist John Adams Federalist XYZ Affair Alien & Sedition Acts Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions Midnight Judges XYZ Affair US ambassador goes to France Instead of seeing Pres. Talleyrand 3 low-level officials (XYZ) tell the US in order to see Talleyrand the US must pay $250,000 bribe Led to an unofficial naval war with France (Quasi-war) Americans dont trust French Alien & Sedition Acts Must be in US 14 years to be a citizen (Not 5) (feared French influence) You could be locked up or fined for speaking out against (not legal b/c of the 1 st amendment) Virginia & Kentucky Resolution Thomas Jefferson & James Madisons response to the Alien & Sedition Acts A State will not enforce a law that is unconstitutional = NULLIFICATION Election of 1800 Adams(Fed.) v. Jefferson(DemRep) Election of 1800 Jefferson won (Dem Rep) Peaceful transfer of powerfrom 1 political party to another 12 th amendment (election of president & VP) Midnight Judges Adams tried to add several last minute appointments to the Federal Court system Federalist judges midnight judges Marbury v. Madison (judicial review) The Supreme Court can declare an act of Congress unconstitutional Convention of 1800 Between US & France Severed an alliance b/w the 2 nations so that the US would not be drawn into the war between Great Britain & France Thomas Jefferson1 st Sec. of State 1 st Democratic Republican Embargo Act 1807 President Jefferson Europe was not honoring US neutrality Impressment Embargo says Europe cant buy US products Bad idea = hurt US business Louisiana Purchase Lewis and Clark Hired by Jefferson to explore new territory Looking for an all water route to Pacific (didnt find) Scientific experiments (animals & plants) Cultural studies (Native American relations) Mapped the route that would become the Oregon Trail Sacajawea Lewis & Clarks guide Saved them from Indian attack War of 1812 James Madison President Mr. Madison War War of Faulty Communication 2 nd War for Independence US v. Great Britain War of 1812 Causes Impressment GB kidnapping US sailors & forcing them into the British Navy Chesapeake IncidentBritish fired on US ship b/c we refused to allow them to come aboard & search for British sailors Refused to honor US neutrality US also fighting Native Americans (Tecumseh) Tribes supported by British in Canada War Hawks Young Congressmen that wanted to go to war with Great Britain After the Chesapeake Incident Henry Clay & John C. Calhoun James Madison War of 1812 Battle of Tippecanoe William Henry Harrison defeated tribes in OH War HawksJohn C. Calhoun & Henry Clay US wanted more land from tribes & Canada Francis Scott Key wrote The Star Spangled Banner Wars end Treaty of Ghent The official end of the War Armistice=no land changed hands Agree to stop fighting Battle of New Orleans 1814 Last battle of the war General Andrew Jackson & farmer-soldiers defeated the British Regular Army Major US victory War was already over & treaty was signed (in Belgium) Hartford Convention Group of New England states that threatened to secede because they were losing money b/c of the War of 1812 TecumsehShawnee Chief tried to organize confederation against white settlers Treaty of Greenville 1795 land south of the line was open to settlement & ended the Indian occupation of the region 25,000 square miles six acres for one cent Treaty of Greenville Treaty of Greenville 1796 Between US & Miami Confederation (OH) Gave up OH land for $20,000 worth of goods Annual payment of $10,000 Much less than land was worth Adams-Onis Treaty B/W US & Spain US got control of Florida John Jay 1 st Chief Justice John Marshall Federalist Chief Justice Eli WhitneyCotton Gin Necessary Evil=Slavery Suffrage Requirements Voting requirements White Male 21 years old Landowner Note Quiz 1 1. Name the 1 st Sec. of State. 2. What right is protected by the 2 nd Amendment? 3. Which amendment protects the rights of the accused? 4. Who founded the Federalist Party? 5. Which party supported a strict interpretation of the Constitution? 6. What group wanted the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution? 7. Who was the 1 st Sec. of War? 8. Which party favored Southerners?