GO GREENINDIA CHINA CANADA

VEDANT CHOUDHARY10 A Mann Public School

FOREST COVER IN INDIA

The total forest cover of the country as per State of Forest Report 2003 is 678,333 km², which

constitutes 20.64 percent of the geographic area of the country.. Of this, 51,285 km² (1.56%) is very

dense forest, 339,279 km² (10.32%) is moderately dense forest and 287,769 km² (8.76%) is open forest cover.

The mangrove area in the country is 4461 km2 (0.14%) of the country’s geographic area.

The non-forest cover excludes scrub and is estimated to cover an area of 2,568,661 (78.13%) km².

The non-forest cover excludes scrub and is estimated to cover an area of 2,568,661 (78.13%) km².

Non-forest Cover

Scrub 40,269 1.23

Non-forest** 2,568,661 78.13

Total Geographic Area 3,287,263 100.00 Including 4,461 km2

under mangroves (0.14% of country’s geographic area)

Excludes scrubs and includes water bodies

. Although it is improper to make a comparison in different assessments due to change in technology and scale of interpretation, however, it may still be observed that the forest cover of the

country has remained between 19.5% to 20.5% in the last two decades.

Policies to cover 33 % area: The 1999 Forest Survey of India report indicates that the country's

forest cover is 19.39% of the land area against the Forest Policy requirement of 33%.

The first Forest Policy adopted by British Colonial Government in 1894 aimed at a custodial and timber-oriented management. The post-independence Forest Policy of 1952 recommended that 33% of the area of the country be brought under forest cover.

The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) issued guidelines in 1990 for people's involvement in forest conservation, management, sharing of usufructs and sale proceeds. A supporting circular in 2002 provided for strengthening the Joint Forest Management (JFM) approach by providing legal status to JFM

All policy reforms since 1987 are towards gradually ensuring full financial and administrative empowerment of the local JFM committees for managing their own natural resources in ways that allow for a holistic trade off between ecological and economical benefits from forests

Policy Initiatives in forestry sector

The foundation of scientific forestry was laid when Sir Dietrich Brandi's, a German forester was appointed as the first Inspector General of Forests

In 1972, The National Commission Agriculture recommended raising of large scale plantations in degraded forest areas and through social forestry in community and private lands, to meet the growing gap in timber and firewood requirement.

In 1976, by 42nd amendment in the constitution 'Forest" was brought under central concurrent list followed by the enactment of the Forest (Conservation.

In 1985, the subject of Forestry and Wildlife was shifted from Ministry of Agriculture to a new Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) to ensure a more focused attention to emerging forestry issues.

APPROACH OF Joint Forest Management

(JFM)The first policy level decision for people's involvement in forest protection & management decision was taken in the resolution passed in the meeting of the XXII. Central Board of Forestry (CBF) held in December 1987

In 1988, the new Forest Policy was adopted, which covers all the sustainable management approaches subsequently provided in the 1992 Rio "Forest Principles". The main objectives are:

Maintenance of Environmental stability and restoration of ecological balance, soil and water conservation.

Conservation of natural heritage and genetic resources.

Increasing substantially forest/tree cover (33% of land mass and 66% in hills)

Increasing productivity of forest to sustainably meet first local and then national needs

Creating massive peoples movement to increase and protect forest and tree cover.

Deriving economic benefit must be subordinated to these principal aims.

This initiated a process of reform at policy & operational levels of forest management. In collaboration with local stake holders.

FOREST COVER AND POLICIES OF CHINA China's forest areas covered 21.63 percent of the

country's land as of the end of 2013, a rise of 1.27 percentage points compared to five years ago, a State Forestry Administration (SFA) survey showed.

Total forest areas grew to 208 million hectares by the end of 2013, up from 195 million ha five years ago. Growing stock per hectare increased by 3.91 cubic meters to 89.79 cubic meters over the past half a decade, according to report of the five-year survey released on Tuesday.

Growing stock is a term that measures the volume of existing wood resources. During the period, natural forests expanded by 2.15 million ha to 121.84 million ha.

During the period, natural forests expanded by 2.15 million ha to 121.84 million ha.

Planted forests grew by 7.64 million ha to 69.33 million ha, the survey showed. This fast expansion means China has the world's largest growing area for planted forests.

However, SFA chief Zhao Shucong said the country's forest coverage ratio remains far below the global average of 31 percent.

China aims to increase its forest coverage ratio to 23 percent by 2020, but green efforts are being challenged by farming, industrialization and urbanization, Zhao said at a press conference.

In his official notes on the survey, Chinese President Xi Jinping said that despite achievements, China remains short of forests and is weak on ecological defense. Xi said the country will deepen forestry reforms and use innovative methods to grow and preserve forests.

Zhao said that forestry authorities will set strict rules in the supervision and management of forests. Meanwhile, illegal use of forests or violations will be dealt with by the law.

1990 2000 2010

Agricultural land (sq.

km) in China

5313980.0 5322030.0[

+

]

Agricultural land (% of

land area) in China

57.0 57.1[

+

]

Arable land

(hectares) in China

123726000.0 120971000.0[

+

]

Arable land (hectares

per person) in China

0.1 0.1[

+

]

Arable land (% of land

area) in China

13.3 13.0[

+

]

Permanent cropland

(% of land

area) in China

0.8 1.2[

+

]

Forest area (sq.

km) in China

1571410.0 1770000.0 2068610.0[

+

]

Forest area (% of land

area) in China

16.9 19.0 22.2[

+

]

Land area (sq.

km) in China

9327420.0 9327480.0 9327480.0[

+

]

Surface area (sq.

km) in China

9598050.0 9599990.0 9600000.0[

+

]

WORLD BANK INDICATORS –

CHINA - LAND USE

POLICY OF CHINA A new forest policy had been adopted in

China called the Natural Forest conservation Program (NFCP),

which emphasizes expansion of natural forests and increasing the productivity of forest plantations.

Through locally focused management strategies, biodiversity and forest resources will be sustained, and downstream regions will be better protected from flooding.

This new policy is being implemented with a new combination of policy tools, including technical training and education, land management planning, mandatory conversion of marginal farmlands to forest, resettlement and retaining of forest dwellers, share in private ownership, and expanded research.

These policy tools may have wider relevance for other countries, particularly developing countries.

FOREST COVER OF CANADA

Canada ranks 15th out of 17 countries for forest cover change over 2005 to 2010 and receives a “B” grade.

Canada’s forest cover is being maintained at 348 million hectares, representing 34 per cent of Canada's total land mass.

Canada contains 10% of all the world's forests, with over 50% of the land space (representing almost 400,000,000 hectares (990,000,000 acres)) having tree cover of variable density. Over half of the trees are spruce, while poplar and pine make up over 20 percent of the remainder

FOREST POLICY OF Provincial governments regulate forests on provincial Crown

lands by setting an annual allowable cut (AAC)—the yearly level of Canada’s total volume of timber that can be harvested on all land types—provincial, territorial, federal, and private—has been relatively stable since 2000, averaging about 243 million cubic meter per year.

In policy and law. In every national forest strategy since 1992, Canada has set the course for SFM, supporting policies to enhance forest governance, conserve ecosystem integrity, protect representative forested areas and promote society’s sustainable use of forest resources. The Canadian Council of Forest Ministers has endorsed adoption and implementation of SFM across the country.

In planning. Forest management planning is a rigorous, comprehensive and open process in all provinces and territories. Public participation and consultation with all stakeholders are integral to SFM.

In monitoring and evaluation. The tools, processes and science-based indicators that Canada has developed to measure and assess SFM results make it possible to track progress and constantly make improvements. Forest certification complements this approach by further demonstrating industry compliance with international third-party standards for SFM.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I made this powerpoint presentation with the help of google and I also get the information from Wikipedia My Geography teacher Mr. Madhukar Priya also helped me to collect information from different sources . And with the help of my computer teacher Ms. Kamalpreet Kaur who helped me to make this presentation . This presentation is regarding comparative study of forest cover of India ,Canada & China.