GNU Linux Begginer

8/14/2019 GNU Linux Begginer

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Freedom Unplugged GNU/Linux Operating System


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Topics::

Part I - ConceptHistory ::The GNU Project, The Linux Kernel

and Open Source Initiative

Philosophy Behind Free SoftwareAdvantages ::Technical and EconomicalHelp and Support :: CommunityFree Software Alternatives

Part II Hands OnInstalling Ubuntu 8.04The Linux File System

Installing Additional Software ::Repository, InternetOpenOffice ::Writer, Spreadsheet, PresentationUsing Brasero, K3BMounting Drives :: USB Mass Storage Devices


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Copyright (C) 2008 Anoop JohnPermission is granted to copy, distributeand/or modify this document under the

terms of the GNU Free DocumentationLicense, Version 1.2 or any later versionpublished by the Free SoftwareFoundation; with no Invariant Sections, noFront-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover

Texts. A copy of the license is included inthe section entitled "GNU FreeDocumentation License".

License:


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Part I - Concept


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General OperatingSystems

Windows Linux Mac OS X


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Some Unix OperatingSystems

BSDLINUX

UNIX

SunOS


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History ::The GNU Project

Richard Matthew Stallman

An American software freedom activist, hacker(programmer) and software developer

Launched the GNU Project In September 1983

Idea was to create a free Unix-like operatingsystem

Started the free software movement

In October 1985, setup the Free SoftwareFoundation.

The concept of Copyleft.

Richard Stallman (RMS)


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History :: The Linux Kernel

Linus Trovalds


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History :: The Open Source Initiative(OSI)

Bruce Perens

Eric Raymond


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Philosophy Behind Free Software

Free as in freedom, not

as in free beer


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Definition of Free Software

Freedom 0 ::The freedom to run the program, for anypurpose.

Freedom 1 ::The freedom to study how the program

works, and adapt it to your needs .(Access to the source code

is a precondition for this.) Freedom 2 ::The freedom to redistribute copies so you

can help your neighbor. Freedom 3 ::The freedom to improve the program,

and release your improvements to the public, so that the

whole community benefits.(Access to the source code is aprecondition for this.)


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Technical and EconomicalAdvantages of Free Software

Technical 100% free from Virus

Faster bug fixing

Economical Start from Zero Investment

Calculate the cost of software in 1000 computers


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Distributions

Debian Ubuntu IT@School

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Fedora CentOS Mandriva


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Linux in Consumer Electronicdevices

Motorola mobile, generally based onMontaVista Linux, include the RAZR V8,Motorola RAZR V8, ROKR E2, ROKR E6,A780, E680, A910, A1200

Nokia's N810 N800

Panasonic P901i Philips LPC3180

Motorola RAZR2,uses embedded Linux


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Part II Hands On


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Installing Ubuntu 8.04

Minimum Requirements

At least 256 MB of RAM is required to run the alternate install CD

384MB of RAM is required to use the live CD based installer.

Install requires at least 4GB of Hard disk space.

Request a CDhttps://shipit.ubuntu.com/
https://shipit.ubuntu.com/https://shipit.ubuntu.com/


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X Window System Desktop Environment

Desktop environment is a collection of software designed to give

functionality and a certain look and feel to an operatingsystem.

DEs usually provide utilities to set wallpapers and screensavers,display icons on the desktop, and perform some administrativetasks. They may optionally include word processors, CD/DVD

writingapplications, web browsers and e-mail clients.

The fundamental part of a Desktop environment are 1. Window Manager

It manages the various application windows, keeping track of

which ones are open and providing features to switch betweenthem.

2. File Manager It provides file operations like viewing, copying or moving,

changing permissions and deleting.


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Most PopularDesktop Environments

KDE K Desktop

Environment


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Most PopularDesktop Environments

GNOME GNU Network

Object ModelEnvironment


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Comparison of GNOME and KDE

~210 MB~180 MB

Size (basesystem, Xinstalled)

QtGTK+ and GTK2+Toolkit used

KDELibsGNOMEAdditional library

dependencies

Mainly C++, as Qt is written

in C++

Mainly C, as GTK+ is written

in C

Programming

language

Creating an attractive desktop environment using outstandinggraphical design that can be used by everyone

Main objective

KDEGNOME


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Default Programs of DesktopEnvironments

OkularEvincePDF viewer

ArkFile RollerArchive manager

KopeteEmpathyInstant messenger

KontactNovell EvolutionContacts

KmailNovell EvolutionE-mail client

KonquerorEpiphanyWeb browser

KOfficeGNOME OfficeOffice suite

GwenviewEye of GNOMEImage viewer

KAudioCreatorSound JuicerCD ripper

K3bBraseroCD burners

JuKRhythmboxAudio player

Dragon PlayerTotemVideo player

KategeditText editor

KonsoleGNOME TerminalTerminal emulator

QtGTK+Widget toolkit

Konqueror/Dolphin (KDE4)NautilusFile manager

KDMGDMX display manager

KWinMetacityX window manager

KDEGNOME
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDFhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark_%28computing%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Rollerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_archiverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopetehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empathy_%28software%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_messengerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontacthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novell_Evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kmailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novell_Evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_clienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konquerorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphany_%28web_browser%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KOfficehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_suitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwenviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_of_GNOMEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_viewerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KAudioCreator&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Juicerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD_ripperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K3bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasero_%28software%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_disc_authoring_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JuKhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythmboxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_player_%28software%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totem_%28media_player%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_player_%28software%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_%28text_editor%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_editorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Terminalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_emulatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_%28toolkit%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTK%2Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widget_toolkithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konquerorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolphin_%28software%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautilus_%28file_manager%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_managerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDE_Display_Managerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Display_Managerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_display_managerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KWinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_window_managerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_window_managerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KWinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_display_managerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Display_Managerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDE_Display_Managerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_managerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautilus_%28file_manager%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolphin_%28software%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konquerorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widget_toolkithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTK%2Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_%28toolkit%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_emulatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Terminalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_editorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_%28text_editor%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_player_%28software%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totem_%28media_player%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_player_%28software%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythmboxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JuKhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_disc_authoring_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasero_%28software%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K3bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD_ripperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Juicerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KAudioCreator&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_viewerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_of_GNOMEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwenviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_suitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KOfficehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphany_%28web_browser%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konquerorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_clienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novell_Evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kmailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novell_Evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontacthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_messengerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empathy_%28software%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopetehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_archiverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Rollerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark_%28computing%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDFhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okular


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The Linux FileSystem


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Standard mount point for external file systems, e.g. a CD-ROM or adigital camera.

/mnt

For miscellaneous purposes./misc

Every partition has a lost+found in its upper directory. Files thatwere saved during failures are here.

/lost+found

Library files, includes files for all kinds of programs needed by thesystem and the users.

/lib

(on some distributions) Information for booting. Do not remove!/initrd

Home directories of the common users./home

Most important system configuration files are in /etc, this directory

contains data similar to those in the Control Panel in Windows

/etc

Contains references to all the CPU peripheral hardware, which arerepresented as files with special properties.

/dev

The startup files and the kernel, vmlinuz. In some recent

distributions also grub data. Grub is the GRand Unified Bootloader and is an attempt to get rid of the many different boot-loaders we know today.

/boot

Common programs, shared by the system, the system administratorand the users.

/bin

ContentDirectory


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Storage for all variable files and temporary files created byusers, such as log files, the mail queue, the print spooler area,

space for temporary storage of files downloaded from theInternet or to kee an ima e of a CD before burnin it.

/var

Programs, libraries, documentation etc. for all user-relatedprograms.

/usr

Temporary space for use by the system, cleaned upon reboot,

so don't use this for saving any work!/tmp

Programs for use by the system and the system administrator./sbin

The administrative user's home directory. Mind the differencebetween /, the root directory and /root, the home directory ofthe rootuser.

/root

A virtual file system containing information about systemresources. More information about the meaning of the files inproc is obtained by entering the command man proc in aterminal window. The file proc.txt discusses the virtual filesystem in detail.

/proc

Typically contains extra and third party software./opt

Content

Standard mount point for entire remote file systems

Directory

/net


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Installing Additional Software

By adding Repository DVDs

From Internet


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OpenOffice

How to create a document How to save and retrieve data compatible

to Microsoft Office.


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Using Brasero, K3B


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Mounting Drives :: USB Mass StorageDevices


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GNU Linux Begginer

Documents

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