Glyphosate-resistant weeds in Ontario · 1. Number of species a. 41 species in the world b. 17...

Glyphosate-resistant weeds in Ontario

Sikkema, UG

Glyphosate Resistant Weeds

1.  Number of species a.  41 species in the world b.  17 species in the USA c.  6 species in Canada d.  4 species in Ontario

i.  Giant ragweed (2008) ii.  Canada fleabane (2010) iii.  Common ragweed (2011) iv.  Waterhemp (2014)

Introduction

Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane

2010 2010

Today Today

Sikkema, UG Sikkema, UG


Control 0.67 L/ac 0.33 L/ac

Susceptible Resistant

Control 0.67 L/ac 0.33 L/ac

Vink, UG Vink, UG


Essex

Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane 2010

Essex

Kent

Lambton

Elgin

Middlesex

Niagara


Essex

Kent

Lambton

Elgin

Middlesex

Huron

Haldimand

Niagara


12 Counties


Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane – 2014

28 Counties

Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane – 2015

30 Counties

Perth

Essex

Perth

Hastings

Kent Brant

Wentworth

Niagara

Oxford

Perth

Waterloo

Perth

Hastings

Lennox Addington

Norfolk

Prescott Russel

Prince Edward

Essex

Norfolk

Not surprisingly, Ontario farmers indicate that glyphosate resistant Canada Fleabane is the

#1 weed management issue in the province

GFO, 2015

But, the problem has become even more challenging …

Multiple Resistant Canada Fleabane

Glyphosate Resistant Multiple Resistant


Roundup + Broadstrike RC

Morpeth, ON Mull, ON

Multiple Resistant

23 Counties

How can GR Canada fleabane be controlled in a corn/soybean/wheat

rotation?

Sikkema, UG Sikkema, UG Sikkema, UG

Canada Fleabane in Corn

Sikkema, UG


50 51

65 70

0 20 40 60 80 100

Atrazine Broadstrike RC

Primextra Converge+Atrazine

Callisto+Atrazine Banvel

Integrity Marksman

Weed Control (%)

Corn - Preplant

Sikkema, UG


50 51

65 70

90 91 92

95

0 20 40 60 80 100

Atrazine Broadstrike RC

Primextra Converge+Atrazine

Banvel Callisto+Atrazine

Integrity Marksman

Weed Control (%)

Corn - Preplant

Sikkema, UG

Weedy Check

Canada Fleabane - Corn - PP

Callisto + Atrazine (91%)

Integrity (92%) Marksman (95%)

Sikkema, UG


Sikkema, UG


13 38 38

42 43

67 71 72

76

0 20 40 60 80 100

Roundup Atrazine

Permit Vios G3 Liberty

Armezon + Atrazine 2,4-D

Peak + Banvel Callisto + Atrazine

Pardner + Atrazine Distinct Banvel

Marksman

Weed Control (%)

Corn - Postemergence

Sikkema, UG


13 38 38

42 43

67 71 72

76 91 91

96 96

0 20 40 60 80 100

Roundup Atrazine

Permit Vios G3 Liberty

Armezon + Atrazine 2,4-D

Peak + Banvel Callisto + Atrazine

Pardner + Atrazine Distinct Banvel

Marksman

Weed Control (%)

Corn - Postemergence

Sikkema, UG

Weedy Check

Canada Fleabane - Corn - POST

Pardner + Atrazine (91%)

Marksman (96%) Banvel (96%)

Sikkema, UG


Sikkema, UG

Canada Fleabane in Soybean

Sikkema, UG

Herbicide % R+2,4-D 73

R+Aim 29

R+Liberty 74

R+Gramoxone 80

R+Eragon 77

R+Integrity 84

R+FirstRate 74

R+Classic 75

R+Valtera 29

Guardian Plus 72

Herbicide % R+Classic 65

R+FirstRate 73

R+Lorox 37

R+Sencor 85

R+Broadstrike 73

R+Pursuit 30

R+Command 20

R+Fierce 22

Guardian Plus 56

R+Conquest 26

Herbicide % R+Blazer 13

R+Reflex 16

R+Basagran 32

R+Pinnacle 17

R+Classic 45

R+FirstRate 51 R+Pursuit 25

R+Cleansweep 24

Flexstar 20

These 29 tankmixes were evaluated and did NOT provide acceptable control …

Preplant Burndown Herbicides

Soil Applied Residual Herbicides

Postemergence Herbicides

The bottom line in Canada fleabane management is

that we are trying to avoid having to control it

with postemergence herbicides, since they largely do not work.

Dr. Mark Loux Ohio State University


Flexstar Baker, Clark Agri Service

54

0 20 40 60 80 100

90-100%

80-89%

70-79%

60-69%

50-59%

0-49%

% of studies Summary of 84 studies in Essex and Kent county

Consistency of Control?

Sikkema, UG

Roundup + Eragon is the foundation for GR Canada Fleabane control, but …

54

10

10

5

4

19

0 20 40 60 80 100

90-100%

80-89%

70-79%

60-69%

50-59%

0-49%

% of studies Summary of 84 studies in Essex and Kent county

Consistency of Control?

Sikkema, UG

Roundup + Eragon is the foundation for GR Canada Fleabane control, but …

Variable control



Roundup + Eragon

The variable emergence pattern of Canada fleabane and its tendency to emerge late in the season,

means there are no “bullet-proof” Canada fleabane management programs

Dr. Mark Loux

Ohio State University


12

84

92

97

0 20 40 60 80 100

Roundup

Roundup + Eragon

Roundup + Eragon + 2,4-D

Roundup + Eragon + Sencor

GR Canada fleabane control (%) – 8 WAA Budd, UG

3-way tankmix provides control

Control



Roundup + Eragon + Sencor

3-way tankmix provides control

80 88 94

0

20

40

60

80

100

330 490 660 Xtendimax (mL/ac)

Dicamba applied Preplant in RR Xtend Soybean

Can

ada

Flea

bane

Con

trol

(%)


Sikkema, UG

Roundup Ready Xtend Soybean

Glyphosate 900 + Dicamba 450 Sikkema, UG


Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane Variable control with dicamba in some environments

Control Roundup Xtend


Canada Fleabane in Wheat

Sikkema, UG

59 61 62

72 80 81

89

0 20 40 60 80 100

Peak+Pardner Refine M Buctril M

MCPA ester Trophy

Estaprop 2,4-D ester

Target Infinity

Weed Control (%)

Winter Wheat

Sikkema, UG


59 61 62

72 80 81

89 92

0 20 40 60 80 100


MCPA ester Trophy


Target Infinity

Weed Control (%)

Winter Wheat

Sikkema, UG


59 61 62

72 80 81

89 92 92

0 20 40 60 80 100


MCPA ester Trophy


Target Infinity

Weed Control (%)

Winter Wheat

Sikkema, UG


Weedy Check

Canada Fleabane – Wheat - POST

Infinity Sikkema, UG Sikkema, UG

Glyphosate Resistant Weeds In Ontario

Conclusion Our research indicates and practices by Ontario farmers show that this is a

manageable problem

Can Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane be managed in soybean?


Sikkema, UG

Can Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane be managed in soybean?


2015 2017

Glyphosate Resistant Weeds In Ontario

Conclusion Our research indicates and practices by

Ontario farmers show that this is a manageable problem,

BUT Ontario farmers will lose a tremendous amount

of money due to … a)  Yield loss due to GR weed interference

b)  Increased herbicide cost

Can Ontario Farmers Eliminate this Problem through Good Management?

Sikkema, UG

This takes guts to say publicly Dr. Michael Owen, Iowa State University The evolution of glyphosate resistant weeds is not a

problem with the herbicide, glyphosate, or the Roundup Ready technology.

Glyphosate resistant weeds developed because of the

way we used glyphosate and the Roundup Ready technology.

We found that grower management practices were the number one factor that influenced

the selection for glyphosate resistant waterhemp on individual farms.

Dr. Pat J. Tranel

University of Illinois

Glyphosate Stewardship

Does management matter? Why is the field on the left so much

cleaner?

Sikkema, UG

Does management matter? • Continuous RR soy (6 yrs) • No-till • Glyphosate sprayed each year

• Corn-soybean-wheat rotation • Conventional tillage • Glyphosate used in corn & soy

Sikkema, UG

North American corn and soybean farmers have indicated by their

purchasing patterns that they value Roundup Ready crops and the use of

glyphosate for weed control

Dr. Peter Sikkema University of Guelph

I think you will agree …

1.  It must be used less frequently, or 2.  It must be used differently than it was

in the past

I think you will also agree … For farmers to continue to get benefit from this technology in the future …

Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results

Albert Einstein

Cropping system diversity is the foundation for resistance management

Dr. Stephen Powles

University of Western Australia


1. Would you consider …


Adding a non-RR crop to your rotation, or, adding an additional non-RR crop to your diversified crop rotation?

a.  Conventional corn b.  IP soybean c.  Cereals - Winter wheat or spring cereals d.  Dry beans e.  Forages

Diverse Crop Rotations

Sikkema, UG


2. Would you consider…


Applying multiple herbicide modes-of-action on every acre, every year by using a two-pass weed control program?

a.  Corn i.  Acuron, Converge, Engarde, Integrity, Lumax,

Primextra b.  Soybean

i.  Boundary, Canopy, Conquest, Fierce, Freestyle, Integrity, Optill, Pursuit or TriActor


Applying multiple herbicide modes-of-action on every acre, every year by adding a tankmix partner to Roundup applied POST?

a.  Corn i.  Banvel, Halex, Marksman, Vios G3

b.  Soybean i.  Classic, FirstRate, Flexstar, Pursuit


Multiple Crops & Multiple Herbicide Modes-of-action Crop Timing Herbicide Group

Corn POST Distinct 4, 19 Soybean Wheat

Glyphosate Stewardship Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane


Corn POST Distinct 4, 19 Soybean PP Eragon + Sencor 14, 5 Wheat



Corn POST Distinct 4, 19 Soybean PP Eragon + Sencor 14, 5 Wheat POST Infinity 27, 6

Six modes-of-action over a three-year, three-crop rotation




Strategically incorporating some of the alternate/new technologies when they become available rather than relying on Roundup Ready exclusively?

a.  Corn i.  Liberty Link, Enlist

b.  Soybean i.  Liberty Link, RR2 Xtend, Enlist, Balance Soybean



Including tillage at strategic points in your diversified crop rotation?

Cowbrough, OMAF Sikkema, UG



Seeding a cover crop after winter wheat harvest to reduce Canada fleabane emergence?



Making near-perfect weed control your objective in your corn/soybean/wheat rotation?

a.  Reduce weed seed return to the soil

Sikkema, UG Sikkema, UG Sikkema, UG

Corn Soybean Wheat


The intensive use of glyphosate in the absence of other weed management tools is not a

sustainable practice.

Dr. John Soteres Monsanto

February 2013

Closing Quotes

That Ontario farmers will implement weed management practices that limit the selection of additional glyphosate resistant weeds. This will

ensure the usefulness of glyphosate and Roundup Ready crops for many years in the future.



My hope is …

Acknowledgements •  Graduate Students – Joe Vink, Joanna

Follings, Holly Byker, Laura Ford, Annemarie Van Wely, Scott Ditschun, Chris Budd, Mike Schryver, Taiga Cholette, Brittany Hedges, Brendan Metzger, James Ferrier

•  Research Technician - Chris Kramer •  Summer research assistants •  Funding agencies

If you do not have glyphosate resistance on your farm yet – adopt

Integrated Weed Management now.

Use glyphosate judiciously at strategic points in your long term crop rotation.


Final Thought

Glyphosate-resistant weeds in Ontario · 1. Number of species a. 41 species in the world b. 17...

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