January 14, 2016

Glowing Reviews:

The Best in

Energy Efficient

Commercial Lighting

Questline Academy

Mike Carter

Justin Kale

2

3

Electric Intensity (kWh/sqft)

Lighting

Cooling

Ventilation

Office Equipment

Miscellaneous

Heating

Cooking

Refrigeration

Water Heating

(4.89)

30.4%

Bottom line cost savings today!

Comfortable speaking with vendors

Knowledge of terms and pros/cons

Awareness of energy efficiency

opportunities

Large Office Building

3

Energy Basics

Fundamentals of Light

Lighting Technologies

◦ Incandescent/Halogen

◦ Fluorescent

◦ High Intensity Discharge

◦ Solid State LED

Controls

Design

Maintenance

Legislation

4

Power versus Energy

◦ Kilowatt (kW) is a measure of power/demand.

Peak power demand is usually measured as

an average over a 30-minute period.

Spikes and surges from turning on lights and other

short-term anomalies have little influence on

peak demand.

◦ Kilowatt-hour (kWh) is a measure of

energy/load consumption.

◦ Energy Cost = Energy Consumption x Unit Cost

= kWh x $/kWh

A 113-Watt, four-lamp light fixture costs about

$66 annually when operating 16 hr/day.

(113 W x 5,840 hr x $0.10/kWh ÷ 1,000 W/kW)

Source: stock.xchng

Source: Commonwealth

of Kentucky

5

Lights do not consume more energy when

they are first turned on.

◦ Includes high-intensity discharge

(HID) lighting.

Pay the price for improved energy efficiency!

◦ The operating cost over the lifetime

of a light fixture can far exceed the

original purchase price.

Four-lamp light fixture costs

about $66 annually

Five year operating cost of $330

Installed cost of $100

Source: DOE

6

Energy Efficiency Benefits Wheel

Utility cost savings

Non-utility cost savings

Non-financial benefits

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Lumens—A measure of the perceived

power of light.

◦ Constant output regardless of distance from source.

Foot-candle—One lumen of light distributed

over a square foot area.

◦ Depends on the distance from the light source.

◦ Does not hold for focused fixtures like flood lamps.

◦ Can be measured using light meter.

8

Color Rendering Index (CRI)—A measurement of

a light source's ability to render colors the same

as sunlight does.

◦ CRI describes to what degree the light spectrum

source is “filled out.”

◦ Saturated Color Rendering (R9)

65CRI 92CRISource: DOE

9

Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) is expressed

in degrees Kelvin (K).

◦ <3,200K is “visually warm” or red/yellow (good for reading).

Incandescent ~2,800K

◦ >4,000K is “visually cool” or blue (good for inspection).

Sunlight ~5,500K

Source: PHOTOWORKSHOP.COM

10

▶ Which lighting metric changes

with distance from the lamp?

a) Lumens

b) Foot-candles

c) CRI

d) CCT

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Lighting has many metrics.

◦ 60-watt incandescent ~ 850 lumens (100 CRI) ~ 14 lpw efficacy

◦ 32-watt T8 fluorescent ~ 2,800 lumens (83 CRI) ~ 88 lpw

◦ 160-watt LED High-Bay Lighting ~ 15,680 lumens (80 CRI) ~ 98 lpw

◦ 400-watt metal halide ~ 24,000 lumens (65 CRI) ~ 60 lpw

◦ 400-watt high-pressure sodium ~ 45,000 lumens (22 CRI) ~ 112 lpw

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90% heat and 10% light ◦ 10 to 17 lumens per watt

New halogen bulbs offer up to

30% energy savings, instant on,

no mercury, 100 CRI, and

compliance with EISA 2007.

◦ Philips Halogena® Energy Saver/

Energy Advantage (3,000 hrs)

◦ Sylvania Halogen SuperSaver®

(1,000 hrs)

◦ GE Edison™ (2,500 hrs)

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90% heat; 10% light

20% heat; 80% light

20% heat; 80% light

Source: ENERGY STAR

Nomenclature (FxxT#)

◦ F—fluorescent

◦ Fxx—wattage (rapid start) or

length (instant start)

◦ T- tubular; U—curved/bent

◦ Circline—circle

◦ T#—diameter in eighths of an inch

Fluorescent light

emission is a

chain reaction.

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Fluorescent ballasts

◦ Magnetic (60 Hz)

Core and coil

◦ Electronic (20 to 60 kHz)

10% to 15% more efficient

NEMA Premium® Ballasts even better

◦ All ballasts consume power even without lamps (2-lamp example).

◦ NEC Article 410.130(G) Disconnecting Means

“At the time a ballast is replaced, a disconnecting means shall be installed.”

Type Rated Load Open-Circuit

Magnetic 18-20w 6-10w

Electronic 6-12w 3-7w

Source: Ideal Industries, Inc.

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Replace existing T12 fluorescent

lamps with T8 fluorescent or LED

lamps (up to 30% savings).

Energy Conservation Standards for

Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts: Final Rule, 2011

◦ Effective July 1, 2014.

◦ For ballasts driving lamps, minimum BLE increased.

Old range of 0.711 to 0.888

New range of 0.841 to 0.918

Energy Conservation Program (ECP) 2009 Lamp Rule

◦ Began July 14, 2012.

◦ Effectively eliminated most 4-ft T12 and 8-ft (F96) T12 lamps.

700 series (1st generation) T8 lamps

Energy Conservation Program (ECP) 2014 Lamp Rule for Fluorescent Lamps

◦ Effectively eliminates full-wattage T8 lamps

◦ Effective January 26, 2018

Four-lamp T12 versus T8 Fixtures

Lamp Type Fixture Watts

Fixture Lumens

LPW

F40T12 190 10,800 57

F34T12 144 10,600 74

F32T8/LED 113 10,600 94

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T8 Lamp Types (Generations)

Type Name Watts Lumens CRI

Life

(hrs, 000s)

1G700 Series,

Basic32 W 2,800 75-78 15-20

2G 800 Series 32 W2,850 -

3,00082-86 24-30

3G Super, HO 32 W2,950 -

3,20082-86 24-30

4G

Reduced

Wattage,

Energy

Savers

25 W

28 W

30 W

2,400

2,750

2,850

82-86

Temp.

sensitive,

Instant start

only

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Metal Halide (MH) versus Fluorescent

for High-bay

◦ Probe start (PS) MH with low lumen

maintenance (<65%) is best target

for replacement.

EISA2007 imparted much higher performance

standards for 150w to 500w PS MH fixtures.

Lumen maintenance of fluorescents

(90% to 95%)

◦ Comparison

One PS MH with 20,000 EOL lumens at 320 system watts

Six F32T8 with 18,000 EOL lumens at 220 system watts

12-tube T5HO with 52,500 lumens at 650 watts

versus 1,000 watt MH

◦ Remember—lumen output of fluorescents

declines with heat/cold.

Source: NREL

Source: LUX dynamics

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▶ Certain types of lighting have

been banned from being

manufactured.

a) True

b) False

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Low Pressure Sodium

◦ Most energy efficient lighting source.

◦ Not an arc source, so no glare.

◦ 0 to 20 CRI

High Pressure Sodium

◦ Arc source with (20 to 65 CRI)

◦ 310 W and 360 W replacements

exist for 400 W

◦ Electronic ballasts 5 to 20 W versus

50 to 70 W magnetic

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Metal Halide

◦ Arc source with 60 to 95 CRI

◦ Quartz or ceramic transparent tubes

Ceramic advantages

• Lumen maintenance

• Color rendering (95 versus 65 CRI)

• Color stability

3X lumens per watt and rated life compared to halogen.

Smaller Size <150W HID Ballasts

◦ Generally 50% smaller in size (3" x 1.3" x 1.1")

◦ Self-ballasted PAR30LN and PAR38

1,200 initial lumens @ 23W CMH lamps

Replaces 74W and 120W halogen bulbs.Source: Osram-Sylvania

Source: Venture Lighting

21

Responding to LED competition

Venture Lighting RIO optics

◦ Get more light out of the fixture

Dual arc tubes (HPS and MH)

◦ Double the lamp life

40,000+ hrs

◦ Faster startingSource: Venture Lighting

22

Sustained arc vs. fluorescent phosphor emission

Strike time (minutes)

Type Watts Lumens

Lumen

Maintenance LPW CRI

Life

(hrs)

Mercury Vapor* 1,000 W 47,500 65% 30 40 24,000

Low Pressure

Sodium135 W 22,000 >95% 150 10 18,000

High Pressure

Sodium400 W 45,000 75% 85 30 24,000+

Metal Halide** 452 W 40,000 70% 65 65 20,000

MV LPS HPS MH Probe MH Pulse LED

Warm up 4-7 7-15 1-4 2-15 1-4 0

Restrike 3-6 1 0.5-1 5-20 2-8 0

*Ballasts banned by EPAct2005 **Position dependent

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▶ EISA 2007 imparted much higher performance standards

for 150w to 500w probe-start MH fixtures.

◦ Effective January 1, 2009

Energy Conservation Program (ECP) 2014 Final Rule

◦ Effective February 10, 2017

◦ New fixtures only

HID lamps not being considered

Improved ballast efficiencies

and wider coverage

Now applies to >500 watts

◦ Probe-start eliminated

Ballast Type Watts

Minimum Efficiency

EISA* ECP

Pulse-start 150 88% 82%

500 88% 91%

1000 N/A 94%

*Energy Independence and Security Act

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Source: LEDzworld Source: OsramClassic

Brand Name Wattage Lumens CCT Life (Hrs)

LEDzworld Professional

LED Bulb CTA

6.5W 250 2500K 35,000

GE Energy Smart LED 9W 450 3700K 25,000

Philips AmbientLED 12.5W 800 2700K 25,000

Sylvania LED A-Line 12W 810 2700K 25,000

Used with permission of Cree, Inc.

25

CALiPER tested six different drop-in

4-foot retrofit LED products

◦ Comparable LED lumens/watt output

◦ Narrow LED light distribution

◦ Roughly $10 to $18 per LED lamp

Purpose-built Linear LED Troffers Source: DOE

Source: LumiumLightingUsed with permission of Cree, Inc. Source: Axis

Lighting

26

Light Guide Products

◦ GE Lumination™ LED

Luminaires EL Series

◦ Cree LN Series

◦ Cooper Lighting

Source: GE Lighting Source: Cooper Lighting

Used with permission of Cree, Inc.

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Competition from reflector-rated CFLs from 13 to 26

watts that deliver 650 to 1,300 lumens

Directional nature of LEDs is an advantage

Removing heat from the can

is a real challenge for R-CFLs

and LEDs

Cree LED Lighting LR6 6" LED

Recessed Downlight at 12 watts

and 650 lumens costs around $80

Cooper 3.5” P3LED offers 1000 lumens

at 20 watts (50 lpw)

Source: Delray Lighting Kone 3

28

CALiPER tested 38 LED PAR38 and

9 LED PAR30 reflector lamp products

◦ Much better than halogen bulbs

◦ Best LED PAR38 are competitive with CMH

◦ Can flicker when dimmed

CALiPER tested 27 different 12V

MR16 LED products

◦ The 12V products have less lumen

output than halogen lighting

Equivalency claims are very suspect

Center Beam Candlepower (CBCP)

is still very poor

Source: Verbatim Americas

Source: Verbatim Americas

29

CALiPER tested seven different

High-Bay LED products

◦ Efficacy still lags fluorescent

◦ Narrow light beam pattern

◦ Life claims are suspect

KMW GigaTera USA

◦ Narrow Multi-Beam Forming

◦ 15,680 lumens @160 watts (98 lpw)

Dialight Vigilant®

◦ 26,500 lumens @125 watt (125 lpw)

◦ 10-year full warranty

Source: KMW GigaTera USA

Source: Dialight

Source: Albeo

30

Lunera Lighting’s drop-ins

◦ No need to bypass HID ballast

Susan for metal halide

Lucy for high-pressure sodium

◦ MultiWatt adjusts automatically

◦ Up to 14,000 lumens output

LSI Industries Augusta low bay

◦ 5750 to 9860 lumens output

at over 100 lpw

◦ 70 to 80 CRI

◦ Hard-wired LED tower

Source: Lunera Lighting

Source: LSI Industries

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Color rendering and uniformity for LEDs are better than HPS

◦ Minimum illuminance levels equal to HPS

(perceived as better)

◦ LEDs are Dark Skies compliant

LED (left) vs HPS (right)

Source: Beta Lighting & EERE Source: Architectural Area Lighting

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Before (HPS) After (LED)Source: Progress Energy

Used with permission of Cree, Inc.

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▶ Which of the following is NOT an

advantage for LEDs?

a) Rated life

b) Vibration

c) Hot ambient temperatures

d) Frequent switching

e) Energy consumption

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Reduce energy consumption even more!

EnergyConsump

tion

400w metal halide 275w LED With Lighting Controls

Wa

tta

ge

Time

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Typical Sequence of Controls

1. Advanced Time Scheduling

2. Occupancy

3. Tuning

4. Daylight Harvesting

5. Personal Control

6. Demand Response

7. Receptacle Control

36

Daylighting is BIG!

◦ Foot-candles varies by 2X between

summer and winter

◦ Diffuse most of it

5 to 10 percent direct sunlight maximum

◦ Do not try to match daylight to

electric light (confuses people)

◦ About 3 to 4 percent of roof area

is optimal

◦ Energy savings can range from

about $0.15/ft2 to $0.35/ft2

◦ Photosensor layout is important.

Source: DOE

37

Occupancy sensors

◦ Ultrasonic, infrared, dual or high-bay

Ideal when combined with ballast retrofits

Ideal for classrooms, copy rooms,

break rooms, hallways - anywhere with

intermittent occupancy

◦ $30 to $150 cost

◦ Two-year payback is normal

◦ Vacancy sensors

Shut-off when no movement is detected

Requires manual turn-on

Ideal for conference rooms

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Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)

◦ Lighting-over-IP; Local Area Network (LAN)

Few major suppliers

◦ Philips, Eaton Cooper

◦ Redwood Systems/CommScope

(does not strictly follow PoE)

◦ Innovative Lighting (Iowa), nuLEDs (CA)

30 watts max per Cat 5 cable pair

◦ Using additional pairs adds

power capacity up to 60W

Ports record power consumption

IEEE 802.3at spec for PoE+

Only one AC/DC converter needed

to power many lamps

Ethernet Hub

Controller/Driver

PowerSupply

Cat 5 Cable

Dim

mer

DC

DC

39

DOE Lighting Project Evaluator Tool

◦ All commercial building types

◦ Optional control strategies

Manual Dimming

Demand Response

Multilevel Switching

Daylight Harvesting

Scheduling

◦ Energy savings bar displays

percentage savings

below baseline.

40

Nine components of a good lighting

maintenance program*:1. Group relamping

2. Know your equipment

3. Focusing and adjustment

4. Verify lamp types and wattage

5. Verify color temperature

6. Confirm that everything is in working order

7. Watch for compatibility issues

8. Get rid of dirt

9. Do not forget exterior lighting

*"Everything You Need to Know About Maintaining Your Lighting System," by Jean Sundin, founder of Office for Visual Interaction, Inc.

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▶ How valuable has this Webinar been to you?

a) Not valuable at all.

b) Slightly valuable.

c) Moderately valuable.

d) Very valuable.

e) Extremely valuable.

42

Energy Conservation Program (ECP) 2014

Lamp Rule for Fluorescent Lamps

◦ General-Service Fluorescent Lamps (GSFL)

4-ft. T8 linear

• Medium bi-pin 3.8% increase in efficacy

92.4 lpw for ≤4500ºK

• Miniature bi-pin 10% increase in efficacy

95.0 lpw for ≤ 4500ºK

2-ft. T8 U-bend

4-ft. linear T5 and T5HO lamps

◦ Effectively eliminates full-wattage T8 lamps

◦ Effective January 26, 2018

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2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

100w Inc. 75w Inc. 60/40w Inc.

Reflector Lamps

T12 Lamps

T12 Magnetic

Ballasts

ECP T8

Ballast BLE

700 Series T8

Lamps

PS MH

Fixtures

2009

Mercury

Vapor

Ballasts

2008

Commercial

Building

Tax Deduction

Reinstated

through 2016

Metal Halide

Fixtures

2017

800 Series

Full-Wattage

T8 Lamps

2018

44

IES Guidelines for Upgrading Lighting Systems in

Commercial and Institutional Spaces (LEM-3-13)

◦ Upgrade Briefs

◦ Technology Briefs

◦ Application Briefs

Office, retail, school, healthcare

CEE Commercial Lighting Qualifying Product Lists

DesignLights Consortium (DLC) Qualified Products List

ENERGY STAR Qualified Commercial Light Fixtures

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Contact Information:

◦ Email:

LargeCustomerSupport@pseg.com

◦ Phone:

1-855-249-7734

◦ Websites:

http://www.pseg.com/business/small_large_business/index.jsp

http://www.njcleanenergy.com/

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