GLOSSARY

The following words and phrases are non-English terms. Non-English is here defined as any lexical item not found in Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary (Springfield, Mass.: Merriam Webster Inc., 1986).

The language family of each word or phrase is indicated by a letter or letters in parentheses:

(G) (H) (HCE) (J) (L) (0)

Greek Hawaiian Hawai'i Creole English Japanese Latin Okinawan

References for the definitions used in this glossary include: Eugene Ehrlich, Amo, Amas, Amat and More (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers); Ethnic Studies Oral History Project and United Okinawan Association of Hawai'i, Uchinanchu: A History of Okinawans in Hawai'i (Honolulu: ESOHP, 1981); Koh Masuda, ed., Kenkyasha 's New Japanese-English Dictionary, 4th ed. (Tokyo: Kenkylisha, Ltd., 1974); Mary Pukui and Samuel Elbert, Hawaiian Dictionary (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1971); and Mary Pukui and Samuel Elbert, Hawaiian Dictionary, rev. and exp. ed. (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1986).

In some instances, the spellings and definitions were provided by Center for Oral History staff or the interviewee in whose transcript the word or phrase appears. Such items are asterisked.

The following definitions apply to the lexical items as they appear in the context of the transcripts.

A-1

akamai (H) smart, clever, expert ali 'i (H) noble, aristocrat, royalty aloha (H) love aloha no (H) goodbye!*

bakatare (J) fool bango (J) number batsu (J) punishment batten (1) black marks bobora (J) country jack* Bon (J) the Buddhist All Soul's Day buggahs (HCE) bugger; person; thing* bumbai (HCE) by and by, later on*

cockaroaching (HCE) taking, stealing* cockroach (HCE) to take, to steal*

daigaku (J) university daikon (J) Japanese radish de facto (L) in reality

'Ewa (H) place name west of Honolulu, used as the west directional term

fumi (J) love letter futon (J) thick bed quilt

gensui (J) admiral giri (J) duty, obligation giri-ninjo (J) love and duty go (J) five goza (J) mat

Haole (H) Caucasian htipai (H) carry; pregnant htipai ko (H) to carry sugar cane bundles on

the back heiau (H) pre-Christian place of worship hekka (J) meat and vegetable dish* hiragana (J) cursive Japanese writing h6 hana (H) fieldwork with a hoe, weeding* ho 'okano (H) haughty, proud; in context,

dressed up* ho 'omalimali (H) to flatter hoi polloi (G) common people, masses hui (H) club, association hukipau (H) pay by the job

imua [i mua] (H) forward; name of an anti­IL WU organization

A-2

issei (J) first-generation Japanese

kahili (H) feather standard, symbol of royalty kama 'aina (H) native-born kanalua (H) abstain; undecided* kanji (J) Chinese characters used in Japanese

writing kanyaku imin (J) first Japanese contract-labor

immigrants to Hawai'i* kanzashi (1) ornamental hairpin kapu ali 'i (H) rank of royalty; lit., sacred or

forbidden royalty* katakana (J) square form of Japanese writing kaukau (HCE) food, eat* keiki o ka 'aina (H) one born on the land ken (J) prefecture kenjin (J) native of a prefecture kenjinkai (J) an association of people from a

prefecture kiawe (H) algaroba tree kimono (J) Japanese garment Kintaro (J) a baby warrior kompang (HCE) contract sugar cane cultivation

by a small group* konbanwa (J) good evening konohiki (H) headman of an ahupua 'a (uplands

to sea) land division under a chief ku (J) suffering kugaku (J) studying under adversity kuleana (H) privilege, authority kumiai (J) association kama (H) goatfish kupuna (H) grandparent, ancestor, relative, or

close friend of the grandparent's generation

lamalama (H) torch fishing lanai (H) porch, veranda lepo (H) dirt limu (H) seaweed Iongan (H) dragon's eye fruit La 'au (H) Hawaiian feast, named for the taro

tops always served at one luna (H) foreman, overseer, supervisor

mahele (H) division; land division of 1848 (Great Mahele)

makai (H) in the director of the sea makamaka (HCE) big shot* make (H) to die malihini (H) stranger, foreigner

mana 'o (H) thought, idea miinienie (H) Bermuda grass manini (H) small mauka (H) towards the mountain mele (H) chant Momotaro (J) Peach-boy, a storybook

character, who becomes a great warrior* mu 'umu 'u (H) loose gown

Naichi (J) Japanese from the main islands of Japan

ne (J) you see; you know; isn't it? nei (H) beloved nigiri-meshi (J) rice ball ninja (J) human compassion nisei (J) second-generation Japanese

obasan (J) middle-aged woman 0-Bon see Bon ochazuke (J) tea on boiled rice ohayo gozaimasu (J) good morning okazu (J) side dish 'okole (H) buttocks on (J) obligation 'opihi (H) limpet Orandajin (J) Hollander Oshima (J) large island* otonashii (J) mild, quiet oya (J) parent oyafuko (J) undutiful child

palaka (H) checkered cloth worn by plantation workers; palaka power, philosophy based on local pride and reform*

pao duce (P) Portuguese sweet bread pau (H) finished, ended pilau (H) rotten pilikia (H) trouble, problem pipi (H) cattle pohaku (H) stone

A-3

pololei (H) straight, upright Poragee, Pordagee (HCE) Portuguese* pro bono (L) for the public good puka (H) hole

quid pro quo (L) something given in return for something

quo vadis (L) whither goest thou?

rodosha (J) laborer ronin (J) masterless samurai warriors; Forty­

seven Ronin, story of a group of avenging samurai.

sagari (J) second-hand clothes* -san (J) Mr., Mrs., Ms. sensei (J) teacher, master, instructor shaka (HCE) hand gesture with thumb and

pinky extended* shibai (J) playacting; a put-up job; a fake shiju (J) always shijuku (J) forty-nine shtlshin (J) morals, ethics

taishO (J) head, chief leader, boss* tako (J) octopus tanomoshi (J) mutual financing association

Uchinanchu (0) people from Okinawa uhu (H) parrotfish 'ukulele (H) stringed instrument ukeoi-shi (J) contractor ume (J) pickled salt plum

wahine (H) woman wakarimashita (J) understood

zazu (J) Japanese dialect which employs z sounds*

Abe, Kazuhisa, 876, 949, 1168, 1169 Abercrombie, Neil, 573, 658, 844, 849 Abortion issue, 812-13, 816, 817, 904 Advertiser. See Honolulu Advertiser Aduja, Peter A., 682 Ahahui Koa Anuenue. See Koa Anuenue 'Aina Raina debate (1954), 218-19, 402-03,

562, 1530-31 Ainoa, Daniel (HGEA), 549 Ajifu, Ralph, 773, 908 Akaka, the Rev. Abraham, 69 Akaka, Daniel K., 68, 845, 1515 Akana, Akong, 466-67 Akana, Bernard, 985 Akana, Thelma, 554 Akau, John K., Jr ., 396, 559, 931, 959, 1084

and Students' House (co-op), 868, 958 Aki, Raymond, 1024-25 Akina, Arthur, 60, 1402 Alaska statehood, 256, 258-59, 285-86, 563,

1227-41. See also Burns, John A.; Quinn, William F.

Albertini, James, 158 Alexander & Baldwin, 317, 325-26, 332. See

also "Big Five" companies Allen, Riley H., 384, 521, 522-23. See also

Smyser, A. A. "Bud"; Honolulu Star Bulletin description of Allen, 524-26 repatriation of refugees to Russia by Allen,

528-29; 570, 1483-85 Amano, Sakae, 117 America First, 516-17 American Factors, 48-49. See also "Big Five"

companies American Federation of Labor and Congress

of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), 230, 272, 630, 906

American Federation of Teachers (AFT), 630 American Veterans Committee (AVC), 389-90 Americans of Japanese Ancestry (AJA), 213,

979, 1013, 1512, 1521, 1531 Anderson, D.G. "Andy," 17-18, 65, 93, 104,

133, 187, 653, 656, 659, 719-20, 772, 777,

INDEX

B-1

839, 844, 846, 1525 Anderson, Eileen, 133, 279, 1267, 1268 Anderson, Whitney, 662 Ando, Richard, 185, 1617 Ansai, Toshio (interview), 782-98

5-6, 298, 352, 500, 602, 603, 653, 673, 839, 845, 869, 878-79, 965, 1046 background: family and education, 782-83;

plantation camp life, 786-87; St. Anthony Boys School, 784

employee of Wailuku Sugar Co., 784-85 observations: on government and industry

responsibilities, 788-90; other politicians, 795-97

reasons to join Republican party, 796 support from Waihee Dairy and Farm, 792,

794 Anthony, J. Garner, 241, 243, 247 Aoki, Dan T., 29, 122, 232, 499, 505, 754,

875, 926, 942, 982, 1057, 1215, 1269, 1386, 1492. See also Tokunaga, Mike

Apaka, Alfred Afat, 83 Arakaki, Yasuki (interview), 1106-76

background: parents and growing up, 1106-15; self-education, 1112-16

California Labor School (IL WU training), 1126, 1131, 1132

Democratic conventions, 1153-55 observations: on being Democrat, 1160;

Jack Burns, 1135-38, 1161, 1164; Jack Kawano, 1125, 1127-28; PAC meetings, 1155-56; Tom Gill vs. Jack Hall endorsement, 1156-57; as union leader, 1160; William "Doc" Hill , 1153, 1174

Surfrider Athletic Club, 1115, 1117-19, 1150

union activities: beginnings, 1122-24; Communist investigation, 1133-34; consolidation of locals, 1129; racial problems in union, 1130-31; Reluctant 39 hearings, 1132; strike strategies, 1143-46; "union first" philosophy, 1153

Ariyoshi, George, 10, 17, 42, 73, 103, 131-32, 160, 221, 232-33, 279, 280, 428,

429, 561, 865, 960, 1057, 1263-64, 1386 Ariyoshi, Koji, 23, 36 Ashford, Marguerite, 89 Atherton, J. Ballard, 246 Atherton House, 356, 361 Awakuni, Masao, 1210, 1238

Baldwin, Harry, 701 Baldwins on Maui, 354, 702, 1049, 1050 Baptiste, Tony, 1024 Bartholomew Plan, 1065-66 Bassett, Willard, 764, 1482 Beebe, Eugene H., 593 Beers, William, 983 Bento, Edward J., 152-53 Benz, David, 210, 1352-53, 1502, 1504 Beppu, Tadao (interview), 22-43

264, 373, 398, 832, 875, 1329, 1552 background: education and work (as

stevedore), 22-24; parents and family, 22 442nd Regimental Combat Team: as

president of 442nd Club, 41-42; training and combat, 25

observations: on Ben Cayetano, 42; election defeat, 36-37; Frank Fasi, 43; fundraising, 38; George Ariyoshi, 42; Hawai'i politics, 38; Jack Burns, 33-35; street sign waving, 39

politics: in Chicago, 27, 32; as Democrat in Hawai'i, 27; national convention, 32

racial prejudice, 39-41 "Big Five" companies: Alexander & Baldwin,

Inc., American Factors, Ltd., C. Brewer & Co. Ltd. , Castle & Cooke, Inc., Thea H. Davies & Co., Ltd., 314, 318, 320, 463, 473, 479, 615, 630, 635, 829, 848, 976, 991, 1049, 1224, 1401, 1479

Big Island (Hawai'i Island) politics. See Arakaki, Yasuki; Garcia, Joseph R.; Hale, Helene; Henderson, Richard; Serizawa, Toshio; Suwa, Jack; Ushijima, John

Bilger, Earl M. and Leonora N., 921 , 922, 1076

Bishop Estate, 49, 50, 541, 821, 901 Bishop Trust Company, 588 Black, E. E. , 247 Blaisdell, Neal S., 56, 58, 94, 191, 220, 245,

252, 724-25, 763-65, 777, 922, 1497

B-2

Blaisdell Center, 724 Blake, Hartwell, 1025 Blanding, Don, 143 Bloc voting (plunking), 1416, 1519-21 ,

1531-32 Board of Education, 179-81, 192, 1617 Board of Supervisors , Honolulu, 55, 56, 212 Board of Water Supply, 548 Borthwick, William, 544 Boswell, Doug, 574 Bouslog, Harriet, 211, 216, 418, 481, 1347 Brennan, Ed, 711 Brennan, William J., Jr., 942-43 Brewer, C. & Co., 12. See also "Big Five"

companies Bridges, Harry, 286, 557, 1142 Brown, Kenneth F., 32, 33, 63, 122, 421,

422, 1256, 1380-81 Buchwach, Buck, 573 Bulgo, Joseph E., 966 Burger, Warren E., 942 Burns, Edward, 210, 537, 593-94 Burns, James S., 121-22 Burns, John A. "Jack," 16, 17, 29, 33-35 ,

54, 61-63 , 72, 99-100, 103, 159, 210, 306, 322, 366, 638, 651 , 754, 811, 813, 819, 988-90, 996, 1081-82, 1094, 1351-52, 1361-62. See also Arakaki, Yasuki; Oshiro, Robert; Richardson, William; Tokunaga, Mike; Tuttle, Daniel W., Jr.; Yagi, Tom; Yokouchi, Masaru "Pundy" "Burns Group," 122, 409, 410, 420,

461-62, 499, 501, 875, 961-62, 982, 1084-85

"Catch-a-Wave" campaign, 426-27 Gill and Burns, 1380 "Great Stone Face," 1056, 1262 Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 537, 551 ILWU, 318, 462, 498, 499, 903 land reform, 903 loss to William Quinn, 61 , 225, 409, 498 1950 convention, 559 statehood strategy, 256, 257-58, 286,

527-528, 563, 1226-28, 1241 Burtnett, Jerry, 593 Bush, Gavien, 6 Bush, George, 98

Cadagan, Cornelius C., 318 Caldito, Richard, Sr. (interview) , 668-88

background: coming to Hawai'i from Philippines, 669, 670; early years, 671-73; family, 668-70; family friend Koichi Yamanaka, 673, 674, 677

Filipino strike at Spreckelsville (1924), 670-72

with General Douglas MacArthur in Philippines , 683- 84

observations: on campaigns and rallies , 679 , 681; joining Democratic party, 678; joining ILWU, 676; Lahaina development , 679-80; Maui mayors , 684-87; Pacific Area Travel Association (PAT A) conference, 685

California Labor School (ILWU) , 473 , 1126, 1131 , 1132

Campaign rallies. See Political rallies Campaigning, 37, 368-69, 594, 752, 755-56,

757, 791, 793, 872, 1087, 1482, 1505-6 Campbell, Alice Kamokila, 406, 548 Campbell, Charles M. , 821 Campbell Estate, 901 Canneries, pineapple , 301 , 356, 446 Capellas, Eugene, 620, 1476 Cary, Miles , 628, 1075 Carpenter, Dante, 155, 158-59, 655, 1175 Carpenters Union, 230 Carroll, John, 849 Carvalho, Manuel, 1016 Castle & Cooke, 101 . See also "Big Five"

companies Castle, Alfred, 243 Catch a Wave by Tom Coffman, 814, 1055,

1056, 1262, 1426, 1513 Catholic Church and politics, 808, 812-13,

816-17, 820 Cayetano, Benjamin J . , 42, 656 Chang, Anthony, 685 Chang, Robert Won Bae, 112, 115, 117, 370 Chaplin, George, 272, 1568-71 Char, Kenneth, 835, 836, 848 Ching, Donald D. H. (interview) , 110-34,

365 , 367, 652 background: early politics, 111 ; family and

education, 110-11 ; last election, 128-30; move to Pearl City, 117

B-3

observations : on constitutional coventions , 123-29; Frank Fasi, 130; George Ariyoshi, 120, 131-32; Jack Burns, 121-22; John Waihee, 132-33; Tom Gill , 131 ; Yoshinaga-Doi conflict, 118-19

Ching, Francis , 993 Ching, Hung Wai, 361 Ching, Hung Wo, 1060 Chong, Howard , 608 Chong, Kenneth , 1491 Chun, Mun On, 370 Chun-Hoon, William, Jr., 52 Civil Service Commission (Territorial), 59, 60 Clark, Charles G., 190, 191 Clark, James, 228 Clement, Dan, Jr. , 70 Clopton, Robert , 890 Coalitions in legislature

Gill-Esposito vs. Burns-Cravalho, 115, 407, 263-65

1954 Democrats for Hiram Pong, 214 1959 Republican-Democratic support of

Elmer Cravalho, 223 views of J. Ward Russell, 1418-25

Cobb, Steve, 768 Coffman, Tom. See Catch a Wave Coll, Ray, 521 Collective bargaining (public employees) , 188,

228-29, 230-31 , 1617-18 Common Cause, 157, 553 Commonwealth Party, 145-46, 147-48, 1497 Commonwealth status for Hawai 'i, 546 Communism in Hawai'i, 384, 488-89, 524,

553 , 556, 557, 596, 629, 1134. See also ILWU; Unamerican Activities Committee

Constitutional conventions , 88 , 89, 123-28, 145, 1097

Conventions, party, 11-12, 32, 96, 526, 559, 604-5, 630. See also Tuttle, Daniel W. Jr.

Cook, Hinano Elmo, 150 Cook, Thomas K. , 150, 151 Cooke, George P., 247 Cooper, George. See Land and Power in

Hawai'i Coray, Carla, 601 , 605, 606, 607, 849 Cordon, Guy (California senator in Hawai ' i

for statehood hearings), 553

Coryell, Roger, 1575, 1581 , 1599-1600 Crane, Ezra, 537 Cravalho, Elmer, 11 , 31 , 100, 115-16, 223 ,

263-64, 268, 316, 318, 319, 338, 373 , 407, 408, 552, 684, 686-87, 722, 837, 960, 963 , 966, 1044, 1099, 1182, 1255, 1325, 1422, 1424. See also Tavares, Hannibal; Tuttle, Daniel W., Jr. ; Yagi, Thomas ILWU endorsement, 491 , 502-3 as Maui mayor (1969-1979), 326-30, 331 New Hawai'i Program, 123-24, 1558-59

Craven, John, 1387-88 Crossley, Randolph, 84-85, 251 , 252, 268,

542, 604, 705 , 707, 708, 723 Crozier, Clarence, 322 Crozier, Mike, 356, 1217 Crozier, William H., Jr., 146, 242, 323 , 536,

537, 538-39, 1217

Daws, Gavan. See Land and Power in Hawai 'i December 7, 1941 (Pearl Harbor), 205, 305,

356-57, 386, 1078, 1202-3 de la Cruz, Pedro, 491 De Mello, Edward, 154, 319, 321 , 322 Democratic Party, 17, 43 , 52, 53 , 54, 55 , 56,

81-82, 102-5, 111-12, 144, 160, 189, 208, 210, 282, 343 , 1027, 1221 'Aina Haina debate, 218-19, 402-3, 562,

1530-31 image of Democrats vs . Republicans, 848 national conventions , 32, 526, 630 1955 legislative session, 221 1954 election, 220, 561 Nisei veterans, 367, 561 , 1215 relationship with unions, 486-87, 498

Desha, the Rev . Steven, 1400 De Soto, Adelaide "Frenchy," 128 Devereaux, Dorothy, 372 Dewey, Thomas E., 1466 Dillingham, Benjamin F., II, 31 , 87, 247,

272, 371 , 554-55, 604, 763, 764, 1231 , 1353, 1410, 1531, 1588

Dillingham, Peter, 244 Dillingham, Walter, 536, 542, 552-53, 554,

555, 556, 880 Dirksen, Everett M., 27, 95 Dodge, Robert G., 215, 244, 246, 277, 396,

890, 927, 949, 1517, 1528-30

B-4

Doi , Herman S., 650 Doi , Masato , 61, 111, 219, 399, 736,

1517-18 Doi, Nelson, 68, 118- 19, 151, 153, 187, 221 ,

231 , 316, 428-30, 615, 616, 810, 813 , 876, 900, 958, 980-81 , 993 , 1173

Dole, Robert J., 98 Dual citizenship, 361, 458-59, 1080, 1095 Duarte, John Gomes , 242, 481, 878, 962,

963 , 964, 1044 Duponte, Dee, 177, 867 Duponte, Harold, 176, 177, 867, 871 Du Teil, the Rev. Claude, 228, 1184 Dwight, Charles B., 931 Dyer, John F., 114

East-West Center, 97-98, 838, 1232, 1562, 1601

Edwards, Webley , 766, 839 Egan, William (Alaska Senator) , 257 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 84, 214, 251 , 542,

704, 705 Ellis, Robert F., 268 Emergency Service Committee (wartime

group), 457, 1352 Emmons, Delos C., 206 Employees Retirement System, 624-25, 632,

634-36, 637 English standard schools (O'ahu) , 300, 382,

919 Enomoto, Toshio, 870, 965 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 330,

334 Epstein, Henry, 148, 229, 631 , 632 Esposito , 0 . Vincent, 10, 31, 32, 85, 113,

115 , 121 , 223 , 264, 268, 274, 406, 407, 721, 808, 837, 840, 890, 891 , 893 , 960, 961 , 1401, 1557

Ethnic issues , 86, 93, 97, 102- 3, 566, 567 Everly, Hubert, (interview), 614-42

early years (in Hawai'i), 614-17 education career: University High School,

621, 623 ; UH College of Education, 623 politicians, 637-640 politics on UH campus, 633-34, 637, 640 retirement activities, 640 teachers unions, 617, 626, 631, 632 war years , 621-22

Everyman Organization (Young Democrats), 399

Expatriation movement, 458-59. See also Dual citizenship

Fair Labor Standards Act, 479 Farrington, Elizabeth, 29, 54, 145, 220, 252,

527, 530, 557, 562-63, 1227, 1546 Farrington, Joseph R., 84, 99, 145, 244, 251,

521, 530, 542, 545, 552 Farrington, Wallace R., 6, 525 Fasi, Frank, 17, 43, 54, 58, 64-66, 91-92,

105, 133, 213, 220, 245, 401, 428, 719, 775, 819-20 vs. Hiram Fong, 1527 vs. John H. Wilson, 245, 550 vs. Neal S. Blaisdell, 56 vs. newspapers, 571-72 See also Tuttle, Daniel W., Jr.

Fawcett-McDermott Associates, 1502-3 Felix, Albert M., 712 Felix, John Henry, 17, 105, 659, 711 Fern, Charlie, 1018, 1019 Fernandes, William E. "Billy", 480, 1091 Field, Harry M., 963 Filipinos in politics, 677, 679, 682, 688, 689.

See also Caldito, Richard, Sr.; Racelis, Pedro G. "Pete"

Finance Factors, 375, 835 Finch, Earl, 25-26, 1207 Fleming, James "Doc," 167, 878 Fong, Hiram L., (interview), 78-106

9, 214, 218, 251-52, 366-67, 375, 400, 417, 419-20, 455, 496-97, 551, 601-2, 1058, 1409, 1497, 1517, 1603, 1605 background: early political years, 79-85;

family, education, 78-79 constitutional convention (1950), 88-89 government employees and union, 87-88 observations: on East-West Center, 97-98;

ethnic voting, 86, 89, 93, 97, 102-3; George Ariyoshi, 103; Jack Burns, 99-100; Republican party, 104-6

race for U.S. Senate, 91-92, 95 U.S . Senator, 95-99, 103

Fong, Leonard, 80, 86 Forbes, Eureka, 372, 653 Forbes, Robert L., 243

B-5

442nd Regimental Combat Team, 25, 41-42, 172, 206, 285, 360-61, 363, 1305

Fuchs, Lawrence. See Hawai'i Pono Fujimoto, Charles, 560 Fujiyama, Wally, 841 Fukuda, Robert, 866 Fukunaga, Akira "Sunshine," 461 Fukuoka, S. George, (interview), 856-82

310, 311, 958, 961, 963, 1044, 1053 background: early child labor, 862-63;

parents, childhood, friends and classmates, 856-61; plantation community, 859; school politics, 860

law school, 864, 865 Maui: house-to-house campaigning, 872;

politics introduction, 870-71; prosecutor, 866; pro-union activities, 868-69; rallies, 872

observations: on Eddie Tam, 877; judgeship, 880-81; political philosophy, 875, 876, 881; Toshi Ansai, 878-79

Fukushima, Yasutaka, 85, 370, 837 Future Farmers of America, 3, 4

GI Bill, 390, 804 Gallas, Nesta, 1539-40 Garcia, Joseph (interview), 2-18

222, 722, 767, 1173 background: early education and Future

Farmers of America influence, 3-4; early politics, 3-4; influence of Toshi Ansai, 5; naturalization of father, 4; parents (Spanish immigrants), 2-3; as student at UC Davis, 5

Hiram Fong, 9 observations: on Jack Burns, 16; Hawai'i

County Council, 14; Hawai'i's future, 18; Pacific Housing Assistance Corp ., 15-16; rallies, 8; Republican Party, 16; William Quinn, 17

Republican convention chair, 12 George, Mary, 70, 656 Gill, Gary, 431, 433, 1493 Gill, Thomas P. (interview), 380-435

10, 31, 33, 57, 63, 64, 115-16, 120, 122, 131, 223, 226, 264, 274, 638, 809, 837, 890, 891, 893, 960, 961, 1055, 1058, 1156, 1217, 1256, 1379, 1380, 1492-93, 1517,

1548, 1549, 1557-58, 1603 'Aina Raina debate, 402-3 background: early political interests,

382-83; family and education, 380-82 Burns faction, 409, 410, 420 Burns vs. Gill, 121, 316, 372, 813-14 Burns vs. Quinn (1959), 409 civil rights, 411-13 county Democratic campaign chair, 394-95,

397 December 7, 1941, and service in World

War II, 386-88 Democratic National Convention, 414 Democratic shift in Hawai'i, 404 early interest in labor law, 391 Governor's race, 426-27 ILWU, 407, 417-19 Lt. Governor's race, 421-22; 423-25 observations: Democratic Party, 432-34;

George Ariyoshi, 428; Jack Burns, 401; machine-type politicians, 407; Nelson Doi, 429-30; party platforms, 395, 396, 400; Patsy Mink, 398, 399; statehood drive, 406, 407; veterans groups, 389-90

U.S. Congress: 411-15, 416; race against Hiram Pong, 417, 419-20

giri-ninjo (Japanese term for obligation), 353, 355, 443, 450, 463

Giugni, Henry, 1229 Glover, James W ., 246 Goldwater, Barry M., 95, 601-2 Goto, Lawrence S., 52, 53 Goto, Milton, 773, 1615 Gratz, H. Tucker, 932 Green, George, 1457-58 Groening, Ernest, 257 Guggenheim, Charles, 427-28

Hackfeld, H. and Company, 49 Hagino, Gerald, 658 Hale, Helene (interview), 138-61

1171, 1497 background: early social activism, 141;

family, college and early career, 138-40; youth activities, 139

early racism as African American, 142 first election win (1954), 147 home rule for county, 149-50, 157

B-6

observations: on constitutional convention, 155-56; George Ariyoshi, 160; Hawai'i County Board of Supervisors, 150; politicians, 160; unions, 148-49

Hale, William J., 143-45 Hall, Jack, 55, 215 , 318-19, 321, 479, 488,

500, 503, 556, 557, 654, 678, 880, 1125, 1141, 1224, 1240, 1292-93, 1350-51. See also International Longshoremen's & Warehousemen's Union (ILWU)

Hall , James, 849 Hamilton, Thomas H ., 1607, 1608, 1610 Hanneman, Mufi, 658 Haoles , 168, 561, 1151 Hara, Ernest, 452 Hara, Stanley, 151, 152, 652, 654, 1170 Harper, Joe C., 272, 273, 1583-84 Hasegawa, Robert, 272 Hata, Frank, 1264, 1270 Hatanaka, Francis, 190, 192 Hatch Act, 1447 Hawai'i Bar Association, 269 Hawai'i Education Association (HEA), 188,

617, 618, 620, 624, 626, 1533, 1611, 1616-18

Hawai'i Equal Rights Commission, 526 Hawai'i Federation of Teachers (HFT), 188 Hawai'i Government Employees Association

(HGEA), 60, 68, 88, 188, 212, 229, 322, 632, 637, 843, 848, 1225, 1249, 1533

Hawai'i Newspaper Agency (HNA), 1491 Hawai'i Pono by Lawrence Fuchs, 26, 134,

551 Hawai'i Redevelopment Agency, 154 Hawai'i State Association of Counties, 150 Hawai ' i State Retired Teachers Association (HSRTA), 620 Hawai'i State Teachers Association (HSTA),

188, 843-44 Hawai'i Territorial Guard, 205, 357-58, 360 Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Co. (HC&S),

22, 309, 320 Hawaiian Electric Co., 281, 282 Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association (HSPA),

5, 314, 315, 317, 320, 325 Hee, Clayton, 658, 662, 773 Heen, Ernest, Jr., 215, 393 Heen, Ernest, Sr., 53, 393, 540, 544, 559,

1084, 1219, 1344 Heen, Walter, 31, 119, 393, 544, 931 Heen, William H., 88, 91, 94, 215, 219, 540,

544, 552, 874, 929, 1084, 1219, 1281 , 1294, 1295, 1344, 1348, 1523, 1524, 1525

Heftel, Cecil, 97, 767, 1270, 1394-95 Hemmings, Fred, 662 Henderson, Richard (interview), 646-63

771-72, 773-74, 840, 985, 1172 background: appointment to replace "Doc"

Hill, 652-53; "Doc" Hill, 647-51; family, early years , 646-48

politics: first campaign, 654; governorship thoughts, 657; loss and comeback, 655-56; last campaign and replacement, 658

observations: on being Republican, 660-61 ; full-time legislators, 660; future of party, 662; Waihee administration, 662-63

Henriques, Manuel, 109, 1477-78 Higa, Kase (interview), 954-68

172, 858, 868, 878, 1053-54 background: family, growing up in Kaheka,

Maui, 954-56; Maui High School and Japanese-language school, 956; Students' House, 958; UH scholarship, 957-58

interpreter, wartime service, 958 law school (Colorado), 958-59 observations: as county attorney, 963, 965 ;

on politics, 967-68 politics, early days, 960; pro-Burns faction

campaign manager, 961-62; rallies for friends, 961; slate-making as Democratic Party chairman (Maui), 963 , 964

Hill, William "Doc," 160, 268, 279, 283, 316, 618, 647-52, 839, 874, 980, 985 , 987, 991, 1133, 1174, 1316, 1317, 1402

"Hilo Massacre" (1938 longshoremen's demonstration), 114 7

Hilo Teachers Union (HTU), 617 Hilo Tribune Herald, 7 Hind, Robert L., Jr., 83 Hirai, Seichi "Shadow," 365, 653 Hisaoka, Ikuo, 152, 1171 Ho, Stuart, 372 Hoffa, James R., 418 Hogan, Robert G., 146 Hokama, Goro, 311, 491 , 497, 500, 1149

B-7

Holt, George, 114, 365 Honda, Edwin H., 114, 363, 1617 Honda, Herbert, 964 Honoka' a High School, 615-17 Honolulu Advertiser, 10, 66, 184, 216, 256,

287, 521, 523, 530, 570, 1253, 1484, 1511 , 1568- 70

Honolulu Charter Commission, 1542-43 Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 6, 123, 269, 380, 384,

404, 521-23, 529, 545, 557-58, 568-69, 570, 1253, 1484, 1508. See also Smyser, A. A. "Bud"

Honolulu City Charter, 56, 57, 277 Honolulu Record, 23 Horio, Don, 1268, 1269 Horita, Herbert, 687 Hulten, John (interview), 886-913

58, 119, 123 background: early jobs, 887-88; parents,

early years , 886-87; reasons for becoming Democrat, 889

equal education opportunities, 890 Hawai'i Transit Authority, 898-99 inter-island ferry system, 892-93, 898-900 observations: abortion issue, 904; election

loss, 907-8; Jack Burns and land reform, 903; legislative pay, 909-10; state land bank, 911; unions, 906

as senate president, 900-901, 903 senate terms, 897

Humphrey, Hubert, H., 1458, 1459, 1462

Ignacio, Amos, 480, 1155 revolt against ILWU leaders , 495

Ikeda, Donna, 843, 849, 1192 Immigration and Naturalization Act (Walter McCarran Act), 459 Imua, 40, 53, 55, 216, 1509 Ing , Sheridan, 835, 836, 848 Inouye, Daniel K., 10, 53, 62, 87, 97, 111,

116, 154, 207, 208, 218, 222, 271, 365, 366, 402, 461, 567, 807, 893, 923, 928, 960, 1052, 1057-58, 1232-33, 1531-32

International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union (ILWU) 24, 63, 67, 92, 94, 116, 117, 144, 149, 217, 221, 267, 271, 287 , 311 , 314, 375 , 407 , 497, 699, 767, 768 , 809, 819, 843, 848 , 906, 935,

966, 993, 1043, 1081, 1347-50, 1509, 1526, 1527-28 "Broom Brigade" 391, 462-63, 484, 531,

1153 California Labor School, 473, 1126, 1131,

1132 Communism in union, 286, 524, 556, 559,

560 Democrats and ILWU, 53, 55, 215-16, 495,

560, 981, 1224 endorsement of political candidates, 490-91,

654 Farrington (Joe) endorsement, 544 Gill and ILWU, 418, 419, 462 Maui units (1956), 676, 678 1949 dock strike, 484-85 1946 sugar plantation strike, 480-81, 482,

483-84, 494 organization and consolidation of units,

493-98 politics in IL WU, 485 See also Yagi, Thomas; Arakaki, Yasuki

'Iolani Palace, 406 Isbell, Virginia, 774 ltagaki, Joseph, 81, 247, 282, 700, 1509 Izuka, lchiro, author of The Truth about Communism in Hawai 'i, 556

Jabulka, Jan, 258, 262, 1227 Jackson, Lowell, 171, 179-81, 185 Jagger, Thomas, 614 Japanese American Citizens League (JACL),

449, 453, 459 Japanese-language school, 201, 352, 354 Jardine, William N. 256 Johnson, Donald D., 1494, 1495 Johnson, Lyndon B., 32, 97, 98, 226, 256,

259-61, 415, 1247 Johnson, Walter, 1481-82, 1505 Johnston, Ed, 261, 262, 709, 1454 Jones, Gardiner, 287, 532, 573 Jones, Hal, 105, 606 Judd, Frank, 766

Ka'anapali, Maui, 329 Ka'apu, Kekoa, 65, 67 Kageyama, Richard, 54 Kahanamoku, Anna, 53, 895, 932, 960, 1217

B-8

Kahanamoku, Duke, 742 Kaholokula, Joseph, 480 Kaho'olawe Island Conveyance Commission,

339 Stop the bombing group, 341

Kahului Hotel (Miho Hotel), 350, 351, 353 Kahului Railroad Co., 353, 482 Kai, Ernest K. (interview), 1278-1308

393, 931, 934, 935 background: Hawaiian-Chinese heritage,

1279-80; parents, 1278; at Yale University, 1280-81

career moves, 1280-84 December 7, 1941, 1284, 1288-89 friends from labor, 1291-92 Heen and Kai law firm, 1294-95 Jack Hall, 1293, 1297 martial law, 1289-90 observations: on Democratic Party, 1304,

1306; Frank Fasi, 1307; George Ariyoshi, 1307; Jack Burns, 1302, 1305-6; John Waihee, 1307; statehood, 1302-3

politics start, 1295-1300 race for Lt. Governor, 1300-1301 as secretary of Hawai'i, 1291

Kaka'ako development, 339, 998 Kamaka, Hiram, 114 Kamau, William, 987 Kamoku, Harry, 1170 Kampelman, Max, 1461-62 Kanemoto, Shigeto, 365, 1229 Kato, Hiroshi, 31, 768 Kauhane, Charles E., 9, 52, 62, 85, 112-13,

214, 221, 222, 400, 564, 721, 960, 1093, 1095, 1435, 1436-37, 1534-35

Kauhane, Noble K., 54, 57, 112, 212 Kaulukukui, Thomas, 360 Kawakami, Richard, 775 Kawano, Jack, 24, 210, 211, 462, 493, 1125,

1127, 1347 Kawasaki, Duke, 650, 1370, 1375, 1553 Kay, Harold, 250, 252, 705, 707 Kealoha, James, 93, 100, 101, 147, 150-51,

159, 160, 620, 1169-70, 1560-61 conflicts with Bill Quinn, 267-96, 712

Kellerman, Elizabeth (interview), 580-609 244, 841 background: family, early schooling and

college, 580-82 law school and job hunting, 583-85 marriage to George Kellerman, 588-89 observations: on American Association of

University Women, 597-98; Barry Goldwater, 601-2; campaigns: coffee hours, 594; door-to-door, 595, 599-601; constitutional convention delegate, 590-91; Hiram Pong favorite son candidacy, 601-2; Republican party, 591-93,599-600,603, 606-9; We the Women, 597, 598;

Public Works Administration job, 587 war years, raising family, 589 Western Regional Republican Convention in

Hawai'i, 604-5 Kelley, Edward J., 1448-49 Kendall, Charles R., 60, 88, 631, 632, 1491,

1533, 1540 Kennedy, Edward "Ted," 414 Kennedy, John F., 27, 32, 414, 950 Kennedy, Robert, 414, 415, 418 Kewalo Inn, 1413, 1509 KGMB TV, 1593 Kido, Mitsuyuki, 54, 208, 212, 227, 461,

488, 1244, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1507; influence in recruiting Democrats, 210; influence on students, 111-12

Kihano, Daniel, 775 KIKI, radio station, 220, 402 Kimura, Shunichi, 151, 152, 154-55, 156,

1171, 1172 King, Jean McKillop, 833 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 141 King, Samuel P., 6, 87, 102, 184, 402, 403,

542, 842, 843 King, Samuel Wilder, 56, 84, 85, 88, 92, 102,

214, 250, 251, 252, 256, 266, 404, 405, 526, 708, 709, 710, 795, 797, 837, 930, 1487 Bishop Estate trustee, 541

Kiyosaki, Ralph, 154, 184, 193 Koa Anuenue, 715, 1261 Kobayashi, Ann, 843, 849, 1192 Kobayashi, Bert, 567, 658, 773 Kohashi, Dorothy, 1491, 1493, 1526, 1544 Kona Development Plan, 158, 279 Kong, Benjamin, 934

B-9

Kono, Russell, 960 Kosaki, Richard, 264, 1557-58 Krueger, Frank, 766 Kiihio, Prince Jonah Kalaniana'ole, 795 Kunimoto, Yoshio, 61, 725 Kunimura, Tony, 1100 Kupau, Walter, 230 Kuraoka, Matsuo "Sidelines," 1016, 1017,

1018 Kuriyama, Larry, 117, 118, 122, 652

assasination of, 121 Kusumoto, Clarence, 752, 753

Lai, Merle, 157 Lalakea, Thomas, 766 Uina'i development, 339, 340 Land and Power in Hawai 'i by Gavan Daws

and George Cooper, 814-15, 1061, 1062, 1161

Land Reform Act. See Maryland Land Law Landon, Alfred M., 1448 Lanham, John C., 118, 119, 1551 Larsen, George, Jr., 305, 307 Lau, Ah Chew, 85, 488 Laureta, Alfred, 272, 683, 828 Lausy, Tony, 250, 252, 253, 255 League of Women Voters, 1541-42 Lee, Herbert K. H., 249, 282, 393, 405, 874,

929 Lee, Oliver, 1606, 1610 Legislative Reference Bureau, 1468, 1474,

1476 Lehleitner, George, 258, 1228, 1562 Lemke, Herman G. P. (interview), 48-74

background: family and education, 48-50; with Internal Revenue Service, 51; at Santa Clara University, 50-51

observations: Frank Fasi, 65-66; ILWU, 53 , 67; Jack Burns, 62-63, 72; Johnny Wilson, 72; John Waihee, 73; Office of Hawaiian Affairs, 73; real property taxes, 58; single member districts, 70-71; tax on autos, 66; Tom Gill, 63

race for Honolulu board of supervisors (1954), 53

race for Honolulu mayor, 65 race for treasurer (1950), 52; (1952), 53

Lewis, Hal "J. Akuhead Pupule," 10, 270-71

Lewis, Rhoda, 267, 1284, 1288, 1290 Ligot, Cayetano, 671, 672 Lilly, Michael, 658 Lind, Andrew W., 1477 Lindsey, Ruth, 300 Lingle, Linda Crockett, 332, 335, 687 Little Wagner Act, 82 Liu, Michael, 343, 658, 662 Lovell, James W., 206 Long, Oren E., 91, 93, 95, 116, 213, 258,

637, 1236-37, 1253 Long, Russell, 1227-28 Luahine, 'lolani, 406 Luke, David, 1087, 1089 Lum, Herman, 62, 112, 114, 1217, 1565 Lum, Tennyson, 766 Luna, Martin, 963 Lycurgus, Nick, 1147, 1149 Lydgate, E. Percy, 9, 540 Lyman, Richard J., Jr., 370, 1173 Lyons, Harry, 65, 935

McCabe, Tom, 833 McCandless, Lincoln, 4, 202 McCarran (Walter) Act (1952), 203, 982,

1230, 1415, 1480, 1481 McCarthy Era, 1463 McClung, David, 32, 36, 651, 906, 1550-51 McCracken, Tracy, 1466 MacDonald, James, 631, 632 McElrath, Robert, 55, 1509 McGregor, Calvin C., 936-37 Machida, Gerald, 658 McLaughlin, J. Frank, 114 McMurdo, Mary Jane, 773 MacNaughton, Boyd, 101, 318 MacNaughton, Malcolm, 318, 1251, 1252 Maehara, Shiro "Angel," 765, 777 Magoon, John H., 59 Malapit, Eduardo, 202, 1538 Manlapit, Pablo, 201, 202, 671, 672 Marine Cooks and Stewards Union, 480 Mark, Shelley, 1494 Marsland, Charles, 572 Martin, Delores F., 261, 932 Martin, George, 154 Martin, Watters, 932 Marumoto, Barbara, 662

B-10

Marumoto, Masaji, 267, 451, 944 Maryland Land Law (Land Reform Act), 120,

145, 718, 719, 821, 897-98, 901 Masaoka, Mike, 360, 449 Masumoto, Harold, 775, 776 Matayoshi, Herbert, 14, 1172 Matsuda, Fujio, 1251, 1494, 1596 Matsunaga, Spark M., 10, 53, 99, 116, 278,

306, 752, 753, 807, 895, 928, 960, 1535 Matsuura, Richard M., 281 Mau, Chuck (interview), 1342-64

210, 211, 393, 488, 559, 560, 596 background: parents, sibling, education,

1342-43, 1345 appointment as judge of circuit court, 1347 appointment denied, 1354-55 delegate to Constitutional Covention ( 1950),

1358 delegate to Democratic National Convention,

1350-58 election to office, 1344, 1346-47 law clerk, 1344 observations: Frank Fasi, 1362; George

Ariyoshi, 1363; Jack Burns, 1352, 1355, 1361-162; liberals vs. conservatives in Democratic party, 1355; Republican party, 1363-64; statehood plank in national platform, 1358-59

Maui High School, 300, 309 Maui politics. See Ansai, Toshio; Caldito,

Richard, Jr.; Fukuoka, S. George; Higa, Kase; Milligan, John E.; Tavares, Hannibal; Ueoka, Meyer; Yagi, Thomas; Yokouchi, Masaru "Pundy"

Mehau, Larry, 1055 Meller, Norman, 1475, 1478, 1494 Menor, Ben, 1172 "Merchant Street" influence, 85, 131, 322,

455, 456, 575, 1252, 1413, 1479 Metzger, Delbert E., 145, 219, 490, 1401 Michener, James, 23 Mid-Pacific Institute, 734-35, 1345 Miho, Katsugo (interview), 348-75

464, 828, 841 background: Japanese school teachings

giri-ninjo (Japanese term for obligation), 353, 354-55; parents, upbringing, family hotel, 348-51; youth activities and early

Maui days, 352-54 December 7 Pearl Harbor, 356-59 as 442nd volunteer, 361-63 Hawai'i Territorial Guard, 357-58, 360 racial discrimination, 364 relocation center visit with father, 362-63 at University of Hawai'i, 364-65 observations: district judge, 374; dual

citizenship, 361; early politics, 367-369; Hiram Fong, 375; horizontal property regime bill, 370; politicians, 371-72; political process, 374; Republican party membership, 367-68; William Quinn, 371

Miho Katsuro (interview), 440-67 background: family, 440-41; growing up,

442-45; Japanese values, 443; early education and social life, 444, 445; early jobs, 446; high school, 446; racial prejudices, 444; in Utah, 447

JACL in Utah, 449-50 law school, 450 partnership with Hiram Fong, 455, 456-57 prejudice against Asian Americans, 452-53 observations: "Burns group," 460-63;

Emergency Service Committee, 457; expatriation movement, 458-59; giri-ninjo (obligation), 443, 450, 463; haoles, 444, 452, 457; Ingram Stainback, 459, 560; Johnny Wilson, 464-67; statehood, 460; Walter McCarran Act, 459

Miller, Slator M., 743, 744, 749, 750 Milligan, John E. "Stu" (interview), 1180-93

309, 321 being Republican, 1187, 1189, 1192-93 first campaign Maui (1958), 1180 first legislative session, 1181-85 move to O'ahu, 1188-90; service on

Hawai'i Public Employment Relations Board, 1191-92

strategies to support Elmer Cravalho, 1182-84

Military Intelligence Service (MIS), 172-73, 1369

Mink, Patsy, 30, 116-17, 168, 187, 215, 393, 398, 399, 638, 832, 833, 1052, 1057-58, 1234, 1452, 1553

Minn, Philip, 85, 118, 960 Mirikitani, Percy, 372, 653

B-11

Miwa, Ralph, 1495 Miyagi, Newton, 215, 678 Miyake, Howard, 317, 959, 1552 Miyake, Mike, 248 Miyamoto, Takaichi, 29, 461, 1251 Mizuguchi, Norman, 776 Mizuha, Jack, 461, 705 Molina, Manuel S., 966 Moloka'i development, 337-38, 340 Moore, Torkildson, and Rice, 275 Moore, Wilson, 455, 456 Morisaki, Lanny, 491, 868, 869, 877, 878,

966 Murai, Ernest, 210, 488 Murakami, James, 248 Murakami, Robert, 451 Murdock, David, 339 Murin, Stephen, 148 Mutual Security Act (1960), 98

Naito, Lisa, 768 Nakagawa, Togo, 1260 Nakamura, Edward, 363 Nakamura, Hideki, 832, 860 Nakashima, Sumio, 365, 615 Napolitan, Joseph, 1056 National Education Association (NEA), 188 National Municipal League, 277 Naumu, Johnny, 360 New Hawai'i Program, 123-24, 1558-59 Nisei veterans, 248, 249, 561 Nishiki, Wayne, 334, 336 Nishimura, Donald, 768 Nixon, Richard M., 95, 415, 606, 1463 Nobriga, William J., 1476 Noda, Steere, 85, 221, 960 Noonan, Mary, 81, 242, 251, 272-73, 593,

700, 1583-84 Norwood, William R., 1216, 1251 Nye, Gerald, 516-17

Oda, Robert, 29 Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), 73,

125-26, 128 Ogata, Thomas, 176, 177, 178, 858, 867,

962, 963 Ogawa, Tadashi, 215 Ohrt, Frederick, 211-12, 548, 549

Okada, Hideo "Major," 215, 462, 493, 753 Okamoto, Lily, 1251, 1260 Okamura, Tom, 127, 756 Okino, Tom, 975, 980, 1169, 1316, 1317,

1476 Omura, Robert T., 152 tOOth Infantry Battalion, 172, 206, 216, 285 ,

1205, 1210, 1238 Oshiro, Hiroshi, 1523 Oshiro, Robert C. (interview), 1368-96

410, 431, 1052, 1055, 1260-61 background: interest in jazz, 1369-1370;

military service, 1369; parents, early education, 1368-69

first election, 1375 as legislator (1959-1970), 1375-82 law school (Duke University), 1371, 1390 political career, 1372 state chairman of Democratic party, 1376,

1378 statewide control of basic systems (Act 97),

1379-80 observations: American anti-trust laws,

1390; balanced tickets, 1386; Cec Heftel, 1394-95; Jack Burns campaigns tanomoshi fund, 1382-83; Kohala Task Force, 1388; media campaigns, 1383, 1384, 1389-90, 1394; political parties, 1396; race factor in voting, 1384-85; John Waihee, 1392

rallies, 1373 Tom Gill, 1371, 1373

Osorio, Elroy , 604, 652 Ota, Charlie, 1042

Pacific Area Travel Association (PATA), 685 Park, Arthur, 1538, 1615 Paschoal, Manuel G. , 80-81 Paty, William W., Jr., 73, 125-26, 133, 658,

1391-92 Pearl Harbor. See December 7, 1941 Pence, Martin, 948, 974, 975, 980, 983, 985,

1134, 1169 Pidgin English accent, 6, 7-8, 300 Pineapple fields, 447-48. See also Canneries Pioneer Mill Company, 5, 320, 481, 482 Plantation field work, 301, 446, 447-48 Plunking. See Bloc voting Political appointments, 537

B-12

Political parties, 4, 284. See also Democrats, Republicans

Political party platforms, 395, 396, 400 Political rallies, 8, 217-18, 247, 535-37, 560,

830, 872, 1087-88, 1482 Politics, 4-5, 38, 51-53, 152-53, 160, 183,

374, 407, 535, 1042 Polling in politics , 1498, 1500-1501, 1527,

1565-66, 1571-72 Porteus, D. Hebden, 12, 102, 214, 218, 400,

552, 653, 837, 839, 842, 993, 1329, 1518-19

Prather, Nelson, 245 Purdy, Millard S., 404, 532, 533-34, 573,

1535

Quinn, William F. (interview), 238-89 10, 16-17, 58, 61, 92, 93, 99, 100, 150, 159, 183, 564, 708, 710, 711, 930, 991, 1559 background: December 7, 1941 and Navy

service, 240-41; early years, parents, schools, 238-40

Hawai'i job offer and becoming Republican, 241-43

early Hawai'i years, 243-46 as governor: appointed (1957), 249, 250-56;

as a candidate (1959), 266-67; opposition to appointments, 267-68

observations: on Ariyoshi administration, 279-80; geothermal issue 280-81; Honolulu City Charter, 277-78; O'ahu Prison situation, 272-73; Quinn vs. Burns, 123, 225, 564; "Second Mahele," 270-72, 278, 289, 498, 565, 1429; singing, 288; statehood, 285-86; statehood strategy and Lyndon Johnson, 256-61, 528

Racelis, Pedro E. "Pete" (interview), 730-58 background: early political rallies, 734;

Mid-Pacific Institute, 734-36; parents and family, 730, 732, 734

Manila in wartime, 736-43 1946 plantation strike, 746 political involvement: campaigning, 752,

755, 757-58; as a Democrat, 752, 753; precinct club to central committee, 755-56

return to Hawai'i, 743-45

various career activities: boxer, 747-49; clerk interpreter for Na'alehu Sugar Co., 750; recreation supervisor for Matson, 749-50; state recreation supervisor, 751; at youth correctional facility, 7 51

as volunteer in Philippine army, 737 Radcliffe, John, 844 Radio, in campaigns, 1482 Rallies. See Political rallies Rayburn, Sam, 256 Reagan, Ronald, 17, 161, 432 Reapportionment: (1958) 114; (1959) 117,

224-25; (1966) 13, 118 Reed, Rick, 658 Reinecke, John, 556, 629 Republican Party, 6, 11-12, 16, 42-43, 56,

81, 104-6, 111, 159, 160, 208, 209, 218-19, 242, 282, 283, 342-43, 371, 1026, 1049, 1559-60 and Big Five companies, 485, 487 conventions, 96, 526, 604-5 factions, 251-52, 322; image of Republican

Party, 847, 849, 1154; looking for new faces, 248; recruitment of AJAs, 1412-14

Resurrection, Augusto, 1463-64 Rice Brothers: Harold W. (Maui), Philip L.

(Kauai), 1348-49 Rice, Charles, 88, 1083-84, 1098 Richards, Herbert "Monte," 539 Richards, Theodore, 1345 Richardson, WilliamS. (interview), 918-50

263, 567, 895, 1255, 1590-91 background: college days, 920-23; parents,

siblings, schools, neighborhood, 918-20; private law practice, 925; wife Amy Corinne Ching, 933-34, 938, 940, 941-42

early days in politics, 926-31 It. governor, 934-36, 938-39, 940 observations: on campaigning, 937;

Hawaiian land issue, 936; life and people, 948-50; Richardson School of Law, 946-4 7; sovereignty, 945

supreme court chief justice, 939-45 Robertson, Pat, 849 Robinson, Mary K., 24 7, 282 Rodrigues, Carolyn K., 148 Rodrigues, Gary, 229 Rohlfing, Frederick, 231, 653, 766, 767,

B-13

768-69, 770, 839 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 207, 1448 Rossi, Angelo, 220 Ruiz, Alfred "Freddy" 121 Russell, J. Ward (interview), 1400-41

837, 1181, 1182 background: born in Hilo, 1400; father

James Ward Russell, Sr. (territorial senator) 1400-1402; move to Honolulu, 1404; Punahou School, 1405; telephone company, 1405-6

political career: in Legislature, 1409-12; Republicans and AJAs, 1412-14; start, 1407; statehood advocacy, 1416-17; testimony before Congress, 1418

observations: on government reorganization, 1432-35; land reform bill, 1431-32, 1438; 1959 coalition, 1418-25, 1438; 1962 election, 1431; run for Congress, 1427-28

personalities: Charles Kauhane, 1435, 1436-37; Tom Gill, 1436, 1437; Vince Esposito, 1436, 1437

Republican campaigns by Quinn and Kealoha, 1430

Republican party, 1439-40 Rutledge, Arthur, 392, 418, 419

Sabihon, Stan, 85, 86 Saiki, Patricia, 105, 607, 656, 658, 767, 768,

772, 844, 848 St. Sure, Richard P., 83 Sakai, Sakuichi, 147 Sakakihara, Thomas T., 82, 83, 87, 88, 209,

703, 1091, 1168, 1402-3, 1476 Sakamoto, Soichi, 827, 829 Sakima, Akira, 127 Sapienza, Maurice, 560 Saunders, Allan F., 1468, 1470, 1473 Schumacher, Fred L., 80 School/Community-Based Management

(SCBM), 183, 193-94 Seamen's Union, 480 Seaton, Frederick, 250, 253-54, 255, 256 Second Mahele, 270-71, 287, 498, 565, 1429,

1584, 1586 Seigle, Jack, 427 Serizawa, Toshio (interview), 1074-1101

1173 background: business ventures, 1077-78;

early education (McKinley), UH, 1075, 1076; father's internment, 1079-80; parents 1074; teachers, 1075-77

December 7, Pearl Harbor, 1078-79 Democratic party , 1083-84 move to Big Island, 1092-93 observations: Charlie Kauhane, 1095;

Constitutional Convention delegate, 1097; Elmer Cravalho, 1099; Hawai'i politics , 1101; Jack Burns, 1081-82, 1094; New Hawai 'i Program, 1099-1100; statehood and education, 1098

political activities: control of Kaua'i board of supervisors , 1089; door-to-door, 1087; race for legislature (1952), 1090-91; rallies, 1088-89; reasons for politics, 1086-87

union activities, 1085-86 Serrao, Frank, 1492 Sevey, Robert "Bob," 845, 846, 1483 Seville, A. B., 677 Shaw, Edward P., 272-73 Sheen, Bishop Fulton J. , 246 Shigemura, James, 112, 372 Shim, Alvin, 1376, 1377 Shimamura, Clarence, 85 Shiramizu, Chiyozo "Joe" (interview),

1006-28 background: first job Ll1m'e Plantation,

1014-15; parents, Mill camp, growing up with mixed races, education, 1006-12

editor of lihu'e Plantation News, 1015, 1020-21

1946 strike, 1015-16 observations: future of Republican party and

Kaua'i, 1026-27; Kaua'i mayors Tony Baptiste, Raymond Aki, Hartwell Blake, Antone Vidinha, 1024-26

political activities, 1016 service on Kaua'i board of supervisors and

county council, 1022-23 Shilshin, Japanese morals teachings, 355 Silva, Charles H., 93 Silva, Frank G., 1358 Sinclair, Gregg M., 90, 547, 1487 Sinclair, Karl, 55

B-14

Single member districts, 70-71, 89, 233 Smith Act trial, 560-61 Smith, Arthur G., 79 Smith, Emma, 601, 602 Smith, Nolle, Jr., 205 Smyser, A.A. "Bud" (interview), 512-75

background: childhood and education, 513-14; early political interests, 515; Pennsylvania-Dutch parents, 512-13; as young reporter, 516

December 7, 1941 (in Pittsburgh), 516-17; Chinese community on Mainland, 517-18

introduction to Hawai'i and wartime Honolulu, 519-21

Honolulu Star-Bulletin and statehood, 526, 527, 529, 545

Honolulu Star-Bulletin reporter, 521; editor, 567-69, competition from television, 569-70

"Merchant Street" influence on Hawai'i, 575 observations: Democratic landslide (1954),

561; the Dillinghams, 553, 555; Elizabeth Farrington, 562-63; Frank Fasi, 551, 571-72; George Ariyoshi, 573; Hawai' i politicians, 551-52; Jack Burns and statehood, 528, 563; Johnny Wilson, 549-50; reporters, 573-74; Riley Allen, 522, 523-24, 525; William Quinn, 564-65

politics in 1946, 535-37; political rallies, 536, 562; politics then and now, 538

relationship with Governor Ingram Stainback, 545-46

witness, Smith Act trial, 560 Soares, Wilfred "Buddy" (interview),

762-77 background: family, childhood, 762-63;

influence of Neal Blaisdell (coach) and as football player, 763-64; Punahou football coach, 765

first run in politics (1966), 765-66; with other politicians, 767; support and opposition from unions, 767-68

observations: campaigning, 770; politics in general, 775-77; Republican party, 771; Richard Henderson, 771-72

Soares, Oliver P. (0. P.), 242 Social Science Association of Hawai'i, 1484 Social Science Research Institute (SSRI), 1520,

1521 Sodetani, Toshimi, 861 Souki, Joseph, 127 Sovereignty for Hawaiians, 343 Stainback, Ingram M., 59, 146, 406, 454,

459-60, 485 commonwealth status, 546 statehood issue, 545-46

Stalker, John, 1557, 1559 Stassen, Harold E., 1457, 1458-60 Star-Bulletin. See Honolulu Star-Bulletin Statehood, 116, 224; Honolulu Star-Bulletin on

statehood, 521-22, 526, 529, 531, 545; prominent citizens and statehood issue, 545, 547-48, 553; strategy in Congress to obtain statehood, 256-61, 286, 563

Steiger, Walter, 1485-86 Stevenson, Adlai , 32, 214, 414, 1481 Stevenson, Robert L. , 920 Sturdyvin, Earl, 1376 Suwa, Jack (interview), 1312-38

130 background: adoptive parents and biological

parents, 1312-14; education and early political contacts, 1315-17; Hawai'i Vocational School, Puna Sugar, 1318-20

lobbyist for oil companies, 1337 observations: Constitutional Convention

(1968), 1328-29; as finance chairman, 1330-31; "high three" (for retirement), 1334; ILWU, 1329; improvements on Big Island, 1326, 1317-28; legislative accomplishments for tourism, 1336; Office of Hawaiian Affairs, 1334; Vince Esposito and Tom Gill, 1324

political career start, 1320-21 , 1322, 1323 Symington, Stuart, 32 Symonds, Myer C., 418, 481, 488

Taba, Clarence, 367 Taft, Robert A., 84, 251, 542, 543 Tagawa, Tom, 491 Taira, Robert, 126, 228 Takabuki, Matsuo, 54, 272, 399, 567, 926,

928, 1161' 1162, 1481 Takahashi, Sakae (interview), 200-34

112, 119, 386, 652, 653, 923, 926, 928, 1218, 1253, 1481

B-15

background: family, childhood, schools, 200-201

early politics with Democrats: 207-10; rallies, 217-18; "' Aina Haina debate" 218-19; 1954 campaign, 215-216; election, 219-20; 1955 session of legislature, 221

observations : Bill Quinn, 225; Dan Inouye, 207-8; George Ariyoshi, 232-33; Jack Burns, 210, 223-24, 225-26; Tom Gill, 226

other issues: collective bargaining, 230-31; full-time legislature, 231; governors' races, 225-26; the media, 233-34; reapportionment, 224-25; single member districts, 233

UH and ROTC, 203-4, 205 war years with 100th Bn., 206-7

Takamine, Yoshito, 1552 Takemoto, Yukio, 776 Takitani, Henry T. , 332 Takushi, Jimmy, 1263, 1264 Takushi, Tokuichi "Dynamite, " 208 Tam, Edward F., 311 , 313-14, 491 , 502-4,

677-78, 685-86, 877, 962, 966, 1044-45 Tanaka, Hiroshi "Scrub," 1317 Tangen, Eddie, 768 Tanomoshi, 1034, 1110, 1383 Tashiro, Benjamin, 451 Taufaasau, Edna Tavares, 344, 567 Tavares, Antone, 297 Tavares, C. Nils, 294, 344 Tavares, Hannibal (interview), 294-344

12, 105, 677, 860 background: first move to Honolulu, 299;

name "Hannibal," 294-95; parents, childhood, early education, 294-300; stepfather Joseph Oliveira, 295-96

as a Republican, 297, 298, 322 December 7, Pearl Harbor, 301-6 observations: ILWU, 311, 313, 314;

Japanese investments, 337, 339; programs for Maui, 328-29, 334, 339-41 ; Republican Party state convention chairman, 322; successful programs, 319-21, 326

political relationships: David Trask and HGEA, 322-23; Eddie Tam, 313-14;

Elmer Cravalho, 315, 324-27, 328, 333; Jack Burns, 320, 322

work experiences: Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar, 309; lobbyist, A & B. 325-26, 327, 328, 332; lobbyist, HSPA, 314-17, 319, 320, 325; as policeman, 305-7; Pukalani Dairy and Kama'ole Ranch, 297; teacher, 309

Tavares, Harriet Tanaka 298, 308-9, 333 Tax system reform (1954), 890 Television, use of (for campaigns), 220, 234,

245, 569-70, 881, 1513 Theaker, Morley, 1569 Thomas, Elbert D., 450 Thompson, Donnis, 190, 191-92 Thompson, Foreman, 1504, 1505, 1507 Thompson, Myron "Pinky," 1381 Thurston, Lorrin P., 10, 256, 1227 Toguchi, Charles T., 190, 193 Tokunaga, Mike (interview), 1198-1274

29, 122, 499, 566, 875, 926, 928, 942, 982, 1492 background: grandfather, parents, sibling,

1198-1200, 1237; growing up in Lahaina, 1201-2

December 7, Pearl Harbor, 1202-3; sinking of Royal T. Frank off Maui, 1205

observations: as Burns campaign strategist and organizer, 1253-74; campaigns, 1233-36; Dan Aoki's death, 1269; HGEA, 1249; past and future of Democratic party, 1271-7 4; slatemaking, 1233-36, 1239-40, 1241-42

politics: Dan Aoki, 1215; fundraising and coffee hours, 1221-23; Jack Burns, 1215, 1232; organizing veterans, 1216-17; statehood strategies, 1226-28; strategies for Quinn-Burns debate, 1218-21

postwar years: racial incidents on Mainland, 1212; veterans at UH, 1213-14

war years: in Europe, 1209-10; the 100th Inf. Bn, 1205-7; Purple Heart medals, 1238-39; in the South, 1208-9; war heroes, 1210-11

Tourism, 266, 990, 1336 Towse, Ed, 452-53 Trask, Arthur K., 931 Trask, David, Jr., 229, 322-23, 491, 767,

B-16

837, 878, 931, 1044, 1054, 1093 Truman, Harry S, 1466 Tsukiyama, Ted, 363, 385, 833 Tsukiyama, Wilfred C., 87, 91, 93, 209, 219,

267, 451-52, 454, 1346 Turner, Bert, 848 Turner, Farrant, 216, 254, 262, 706, 1242 Tuttle, Daniel W., Jr., (interview),

1446-1617 570, 773, 844, 938 background: early interest in politics and

sports, 1450; Harold Stassen campaign worker, 1459-60; high school politics, 1451-52; marriage to "Elsie" Eleanor Smith, 1460, 1471; parents and family, 1446-50; at University of Minnesota, 1458; wartime, 1453-55; in Wyoming, 1464-68; Wyoming politics vs. Hawai'i politics, 1468

early days in Hawai'i: Legislative Reference Bureau, 1474-75; loyalty oath, 1474-75; meeting Jack Burns, 1470, 1473; meeting politicians, 1476-78; UH faculty housing, 1472, 1485; UH faculty needs, 1486-87

with Hawai'i Education Association, 1611-18

observations: Elmer Cravalho, 1558-59, 1595; as Fasi campaign manager (1954), 1501-14, 1521; Fasi vs. Fong (1959), 1527; Frank Fasi, 1488-92, 1496, 1497-98, 1521-26; George Chaplin, 1568; Jack Burns, 1496-97, 1516-17; 1555-56, 1567, 1582-83; other politicians, 1550-54; Riley Allen, 1483-85; Tom Gill, 1493-94, 1548-49; Vince Esposito, 1557; William Quinn, 1560

politics: bloc voting, 1519-21, 1531-32; Burns-Gill conflict, 1163; Bums-Quinn TV debate, 1585-86; collective bargaining, 1617-18; conventions, TV coverage, 1574-81, 1599-1600; and faculty unions, 1533; Fong-Gill race for US Senate, 1604; loyalty oath, 1474-75; media people, 1592; projecting election returns, 1543-45; public opinion polling, 1474, 1498, 1500, 1538-39, 1571-72, 1596; reflections on campaigns, 1595-99

Twigg-Smith, Thurston, 530, 532

Ueoka, Meyer (interview), 166-95 background: boy scouts influence, 169-70;

education, 168; Mantokuji (father's Buddhist temple), 167; military service, 171-74; parents and family, 166-67; postwar experiences in Nebraska, 174-75

Hawai'i experiences: board of education, 178-82, 186, 190; as legislator, 189; Lowell Jackson, 179-81; as magistrate, Lahaina and Uina 'i, 178; school advisory council, 178-79

observations: corporal punishment in schools, 168; district exemptions, 185; legislature and education, 183; local school system, 194-95; responsibility of school board, 192; SCBM, 184, 193-94; school superintendents, 190-92; teachers, 184-86; three-on-two program, 187; tracking in schools, vocational education, 186

U namerican Activities Committee (House), 488, 556, 1132, 1347

Unions, 13, 53, 116, 320, 477-78. See also AFL, HEA, HGEA, HSTA, ILWU, UPW collecting dues, 482 decline, 117

United Public Workers (UPW), 148, 229 Ushijima, Charles, 372 Ushijima, John (interview), 972-1002

159, 698, 985, 653 background: 442nd volunteer, 974, 979;

George Washington U., 978; Grinnell College, 977; parents, family, childhood, 972-74

early politics, 980-86 first legislative session, 992 legislature and neighbor islands, 1000-1002 observations: community college system,

995; "Doc" Hill, 991-92; Gill vs. Burns factions, 993-94; John Burns, 988-90, 996; other neighbor island politicians, 994; programs (senate and administrative), 997-98

as senate president, 998-99

VanGieson, Ellwood, 60 Vannatta, William C. 57-58, 892 Varsity Victory Volunteers, 360, 385

B-17

Vidinha, Antone, 1025 Vietnam War issue, 34, 1059 Vitousek, Roy A., 79, 81, 251, 390, 551,

701, 1343, 1346 Vocational education, 186, 1318-19

Waddoups, Thomas M., 243 Waihee John, 17, 42, 73, 104, 126, 129,

132-33, 155, 156, 233, 719, 775, 846, 1165, 1268, 1270, 1271, 1391-94

Wailuku Sugar Co. 320, 472, 474, 785 , 794 Wakatsuki, James H., 190, 1321-22 Walsh, William, 353, 482 Washburn, Abbott, 1460 Watanabe, Michiro, 1253 Watson, Roland, 752, 754 Wedemeyer, Charlie, 765 Wilcox, Allen, Jr., 326 Wilcox, Elsie, 1017 Wilcoxes of Kauai, 1017 Wilkie, Wendell L., 1449, 1452 Wills, Arnold L. (NLRB), 391, 392, 1140-42 Wilson, Jennie K., 72, 550, 1507 Wilson, John H., 52, 55, 72, 94, 202, 212,

213, 245, 393, 394, 464-67, 539, 549-50, 590, 1285-86, 1510-11

Wirtz, Cable, 267 Wist, Benjamin, 614, 615, 637 Wong, Dick Yin, 835, 1506 Wong, Richard "Dickie," 232, 775 Woolaway, Arthur (interview), 694-725

88, 250, 252, 256, 326, 676 background: early campaign rallies, 697;

family, 694-95; with Maui Agricultural Co., 695-96; start in politics, 696

Koa Anuenue, 715 observations: Frank Fasi, 719; George

Ariyoshi, 718; Jack Burns, 713; John Waihee, 719; missionaries, 702; Neal Blaisdell, 724-25; Republicans and Democrats, 701-3; Sam King, 708-10; Statehood Commission, 713-14; William Quinn, 708-10

Republican party chairman, 706-7, 711-12; national convention, 704-5

Wright, George F., 79 Yadao, Elias P. 365 Yagi, Thomas (interview), 472-508

678, 880, 961, 966, 1063 background: family and schools, 472-73 early work experiences: field work, 474;

Waihee Farm and Wailuku Sugar Co. , 474, 475

IL WU: and Democratic party, 486-87; ILWU background, 493-94; ILWU endorsements and candidates, 490-96; revolt by Amos Ignacio against IL WU leadership, 495

observations: Eddie Tam, 502-4; Elmer Cravalho, 503; Hawai'i's labor force, 507; Hiram Fong, 497, 501, 502; House Unamerican Activities Committee, 488-90; ILWU, 506; Jack Burns, 504-5; Jack Hall, 500, 503; self-reflection, 500, 507-8

union involvement and activities : 473 , 475-76, 477-79; at California labor school, 473 ; 1949 longshoremen's strike, 484; 1946 plantation strike, 481-83; work with union full time, 479-80

Yama, Toshiharu, 1091 Yamada, Kats , 656 Yamada, Robert M., 151 Yamasaki, Mamoru, 491, 499, 500, 837, 858,

859, 880, 964, 1552 Yamashiro, Stephen, 14, 156, 157, 158 Yano, Vincent (interview), 802-21

119, 752, 753, 840, 904 background: family , childhood, education,

802-3; school politics, 804 Legal Aid attorney, 806 magistrate in Okinawa, 806 observations: abortion issue, 812-13 , 816,

817; as a Catholic, 808, 816; first election (1962), 808, 809, 810-11; fluoridation, 818; Frank Fasi, 819-20; George Ariyoshi, 814, 821; Jack Burns, 813 , 815 , 819; Tom Gill, 813-14, 820

Yarberry, R. Burl, 179-80 Yates, Julian R., 283, 619 Yates, Sidney R., 27 Yee, Wadsworth (interview), 826-51

653, 656, 772, 773, 815 background: boy scouts, 827, 828; Hiram

Fong, 827, 829-30; at Lahainaluna Boarding School, 828, 829; parents,

B-18

family , education, school politics, 826-27 Fong, Miho & Choy law firm, 835 GI bill , 834 Grand Pacific Life Insurance Co., 836, 839 house of representatives, 837 Northwestern University, 832 observations: Boys and Girls Club of

Honolulu, 850; election loss (1962), 840; running political campaigns, 844-46; stop Magic Island amusement park, 841 ; tax credit to renters, 842; union support, 843 ; Western Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Council, 850

Republican party, 846-47, 849 Yim, T . C ., 931, 1491 Yokoyama, Harold, 959 Yokouchi, Masaru "Pundy'' (interview) ,

1032-70 499, 505, 871, 875, 878, 963 background: growing up, 1035; name

"Pundy," 1032; parents, family bakery, 1033-34; sports participation, 1039; wartime in Wailuku, 1036-37

friendship with Nadao Yoshinaga, 1039-40, 1049, 1063

observations: bakery business and politics, 1042; Baldwins of Maui , 1049, 1050; Bartholomew Plan, 1065-66; Jack Burns , 1047, 1048, 1051-52, 1055; Maui real estate, 1060-66; State Foundation on Culture and the Arts, 1067-69

Yoshinaga, Nadao, 118, 417, 461, 652, 653, 775, 808, 832, 861, 870, 871, 875 , 900, 961, 963 , 993, 1043, 1044, 1047, 1058-59, 1063, 1269, 1603

Young Democrats, 30, 399 Young , Patsy, 776 Yuen, George A. L., 1506

Zalburg, Sanford, 1506

CENTER FOR ORAL IDSTORY

The Center for Oral History (COH), University of Hawai'i at Manoa, was established in 1976 under an appropriation by the Hawai'i State Legislature. Formerly known as the Ethnic Studies Oral History Project, COH is now a unit of the university's Social Science Research Institute.

COR's primary objectives are to record and preserve through oral interviews the recollections of the multi-ethnic people of Hawai'i and to disseminate oral history transcripts to researchers, students, and the general community. COR's other objectives include developing books, articles, catalogs, photo displays, brochures, and videotapes based on oral histories; serving as a resource center for oral history materials; and training groups and individuals to conduct oral history research.

Interested persons are welcome to visit COH, which is open Monday through Friday from 8:00A.M. to 4:30P.M. COH is located on the University of Hawai'i at Manoa campus, 2424 Maile Way, Porteus Hall 724, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822.

Center for Oral History staff members are WarrenS. Nishimoto, center director; Michi Kodama­Nishimoto, research coordinator; Holly J. Yamada, research associate; and Cynthia A. Oshiro, publications specialist.

C-1

HAWAI'I POLITICAL HISTORY

DOCUMENTATION PROJECT

Volume I

Center for Oral History Social Science Research Institute University of Hawai'i at Manoa

June 1996