Magnetic Brake A brake usually mounted on the motor shaft which is disengaged by applying current to it and engaged when the electric current is cut off or fails. Used as a fail safe device where the movement of the conveyor or device after it is suppose to stop could cause damage to the commodity being handled, to the conveyor itself or danger to personnel around the conveyor.

Freno magntico

Maximum tension The highest tension occurring in any portion of the belt under operating conditions.

Tensin mxima

Mechanical belt fastener Any mechanical device used to join the ends of belting.

Source: Figure from www.conveyorbeltguide.com

Metal detector Prevents tramp iron from being fed to crushers. The detector can activate an alarm and stop the belt in the presence of uncrushable material.

Detector de metales Impide que fragmentos de hierro extraos al material lleguen a los chancadores. El detector puede activar una alarma y detener la correa en caso que se presente material no chancable.

Modulus of elasticity (MoE) The force divided by the percent elongation to cause the elongation, related to the belt width. The lower the stretch, the higher the MoE. The MoE, sometimes called belt modulus, is influenced by the textiles (for instance the crimp of the yarn) or steel cords used and the way of belt manufacture, for instance the tension during vulcanization. The belt manufacturer should be consulted for exact figures.

Mdulo de elasticidad

MoE see Modulus of elasticity Motion resistance The resistances - "main, additional, inclination, special" - when moving a belt on a conveyor system. Illustration Moulded edge A solid rubber belt edge formed in a mould. Another option is cut edges. The technical differences are small. Mullins effect A particular aspect of the mechanical response in filled rubbers in which the stress-strain curve depends on the maximum load encountered. The phenomenon can be idealized as an instantaneous and irreversible softening of the stress-strain curve that occurs whenever the load increases beyond its prior all-time maximum value. At times, when the load is less than a prior maximum, nonlinear elastic behavior prevails. N/mm (Newton per millimeter) Outside of the USA, the breaking strength of the conveyor belt is used, rated in N/mm, i.e. Newton per millimeter of belt width. The belt breaking strength is

determined precisely, depending on the operating conditions, the splice type etc. The safety factor is related to the weakest point of the conveyor belt, which is the splice.

Nylon See Polyamide Overend discharge A discharge over the head of the conveyor. Ozone cracking Cracks caused by exposure to an atmosphere containing ozone. Payne effect Is observed under cyclic loading conditions with small strain amplitudes, and is manifest as a dependence of the viscoelastic storage modulus on the amplitude of the applied strain. Permeability Usually the quality or condition of allowing passage of air through a steel cord to identify the degree of rubberization. Pillow block Descanso (Chile) Permeabilidad Efecto Payne Agrietamiento por ozono

Pitch In chain, the distance between the centers of two successive chain pins.

Pitch Diameter The effective diameter of a sheave, pulley or sprocket. The length of a chord passing through the center of the circle formed by the working circumference.

piw (pounds per inch of width) Piw means pounds per inch of belt width and is widely used in the United States of America. The piw figure is indicating the working tension a conveyor belt is intended to be used for, irrespective of the breaking strength of the splice. Usually, the belt's breaking strength and the safety factor is not given. Plastisol A suspension of a finely divided polymer (PVC) in a plasticizer. Ply A layer of fabric in a belt. Polyamide High-elongation fiber, normally used for the belt's weft for good troughability. As warp recommended only for specific applications because of its plastic elongation behavior. Absorbs moisture of up to 10 % of its own weight. Poliamida Pliegue

Polyester Low-elongation fiber, normally used as belt warp. Almost no moisture

Polister

absorption, good dimensional stability. Power Transmission Belt A belt that transmits power or motion from one rotating part to another. Correa de transmisin de potencia

Power Transmission Parts Those parts or components by which power produced by the motor or gearmotor is conducted and applied to run the drive pulley of a conveyor.

Pulley Pulleys are elements employed for drive, tension and return of a belt. Consist of a steel tube with end plates, taper lock mounting hubs and bushings, and a steel shaft. Used for drive pulleys, end pulleys and take-up pulleys. Note that only the drive pulleys are lagged.

Polea Las poleas son elementos empleados para la propulsin, tensin y retorno de la correa. Los tipos principales son a) b) c) d) e) f) polea principal o de cabeza = head pulley polea de retorno = return pulley polea de accionamiento, propulsora o motriz = drive pulley polea tensora = take-up pulley polea de curvado (desviacin de la correa) = bend pulley polea de contracurvado (aumentar la friccin entre la polea y la correa)= snub pulley g) polea de corona o coronada = crown pulley or crowned pulley h) polea de cola = tail pulley Las poleas pueden ser lisas o recubiertas, y en esas dos clases como sigue: - Plana: para uso general. - Coronada: para los propsitos de guiar (evitar el ladeo de) la correa. - Ranurada: para el transporte de material altamente abrasivo o pegajoso, que tienen una tendencia a adherirse a la correa.

Rating The minimum belt breaking strength (DIN) of a belt in Newtons per millimeter of belt width. In the USA sometimes used as a term for the working tension.

Recycling Most conveyor belts are not pollutive because of their organic components. However, it is suggested to have them recycled. This is possible for all kind of conveyor belts. Reduction Ratio With respect to gearboxes it is the relationship between the number of RPM's applied to the input shaft and the number of RPM's transmitted to the output shaft. Usually the output RPM is assigned the value of 1 and the input RPM is expressed in relation to that value.

Regenerative conveyor A conveyor for which the head is at a substantially lower altitude than the tail (downhill conveying), generating power. Return idler Set of rolls on which the return section of the belt is supported. Poln de retorno Conjunto de rodillos que soportan la seccin de retorno de la correa.

(Foto DKV Industries)

Roller, Return/Idler A roller with a minimum diameter of 1.9 inches used to support the conveyor belt on the underside of the conveyor. Can be used as a snub roller to change belt direction up to 10 degrees.

Rodillo poln de retorno

Remetro

Rheometer A device to measure the shear stress of rubber under the influence of temperature and pressure under a twisting cone.

Right Angle Reducer (Gearbox) A gear reduction unit in which the output shaft is arranged at an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the input shaft. Power transmission within the unit is accomplished through a set of worm gears.

Rip detection A system detecting a lengthwise damage of the conveyor belt. Most common are sensor loops embedded in the belt's cover at a certain spacing. See here. Also other external - mechanical or optical - systems can be used. The most popular passive belt protection system are induction loops/coils in combination with external transmitters and receivers. The loops are vulcanized into the belt's top or bottom cover. If a foreign body penetrates the belt and gets stuck in the conveyor structure, it

may rip the belt. If a sensor loop is cut by this foreign body, no signal is transferred by the loop anymore - the receiver sensor does not get a signal and shuts off the conveyor drive. There are different sensor loop styles on the market: The most reliable design is of a rectangular shape. Other loops have got one or more points where the cords or wires cross. At these points the wires rub and may break. In general, sensor loops are sensitive parts, which may trigger off false alarm. Usually they do not achieve the operational life of the conveyor

Rock ladder lowering chute A discharge structure employed in storage or transfer piles of elevated heights to minimize impact and the consequent breakage or segregation of material.

Chute de descenso de la escalera de roca (rock ladder) Una estructura de descarga empleada en acopios de almacenamiento o de transferencia, de elevadas alturas, para minimizar el impacto y la consecuente fragmentacin o segregacin del material.

Source:

CORREAS TRANSPORTADORASCOMPONENTES

Roller Consists of a steel tube with bearing pressed or swaged in at both ends, and a spring loaded steel hex shaft passing through the inter race of the bearing. Size of the roller, shaft and the type of bearing used is dependent upon the type of application. See 1.- Carrying Roller 2.- Return/Idler Roller 3.- Snub Roller

Rodillo

4.- Take-Up Roller

Rolling resistance Also called indentation rolling resistance. The resistance by deformation that occurs when the conveyor belt moves over an idler. The energy of deformation is greater than the energy of recovery. The hysteresis energy loss is depending on the viscoelastic properties of the belt. See also here. RPM Revolutions per minute. The number of complete revolutions accomplished by a shaft or other rotating component in the period of one minute. Revoluciones por minute (rpm)

Rubberdisc return idler Set of roll built of spaced rubberdiscs which prevent material adherence to the roll. Thin discs provide very narrow surfaces for material adhesion, thereby reducing material build-up. Used in applications where sticky or abrasive materials are being transported.

Poln de retorno de discos de goma Conjunto de rodillos construidos de discos de goma espaciados que impiden la adherencia del material al rodillo.

(Figura: Stephens-Adamson Conveying Components METSO Minerals)

Run Out A condition evidenced by the failure of the conveyor belt to run centrally on the conveyor structure.

Safety factor A multiplier applied to the calculated maximum force to which a conveyor belt splice (as the weakest link in a conveyor belt) will be subjected. A factor of safety accounts for imperfections in materials, flaws in assembly, material degradation, and other uncertainties. Conventional safety factors usually range from 6,7 to 10 for steady operating conditions, related to the splice strength. Modern steel cord conveyor belts are designed based on more realistic safety factors as per DIN 22101 considering the as per DIN 22110/3. Screw Take-Up A device that utilizes a pulley or roller in contact with the conveyor belt to apply tension or stress to the belt. The position of the take-up pulley or roller, that determines the degree of the tension imparted, is controlled by means of screws.

Factor de seguridad

Tensor de tornillo Este tensor y la polea de cola estn hechos como una sola unidad. Manualmente ajustada, esta unidad proporciona la tensin adecuada a la correa. Se usan en correas transportadoras de hasta 35 metros de largo, dependiendo del ancho de la correa.

Sealed edge A cut edge sealed by heat applied to the protruding carcass fibers and/or rubber frictioned on the edge. Self-extinguishing If set under fire the belt will generate gases that extinguish the fire. Test procedures require that a minimum undamaged length remains after the belt has been set on fire.

Service factor Used in the USA for the ratio between the working tension and the belt breaking strength (f.i. 10:1), not considering the splice efficiency. Service life The belt service life depends on many influences like type and quality of the belt and the splice, feeding situation, lump size, weight and shape, tonnage, bendings, velocity, pulley lagging, maintenance, safety factor, starting and stopping etc.

Factor de servicio

Vida til de servicio

Roldana (polea ranurada) Sheave A wheel, pulley or roller with a groove along its edge for holding a belt, rope or cable. Segn la RAE polea tiene dos acepciones y por eso conviene traducir sheave como roldana o polea acanalada para distinguir con pulley que es la polea de llanta plana y que en las correas transportadoras se suele designar simplemente por polea. Definicin de polea segn la RAE: 1.- Rueda acanalada en su circunferencia y mvil alrededor de un eje. Por la canal o garganta pasa una cuerda o cadena en cuyos dos extremos actan, respectivamente, la potencia y la resistencia. 2.- Rueda metlica de llanta plana que se usa en las transmisiones por correas.

Shelf storage life The period of time prior to use during which a product retains its intended performance capability. Important for (uncured) splicing material.

Shuttle conveyor A belt conveyor having over end discharge, the whole being mounted on a travelling carriage capable of being shuttled backwards and forwards. Sidewalk A very useful element which enables easy maintenance and belt operation. Andn Un elemento muy til que posibilita un fcil mantenimiento y operacin de la correa transportadora.

Skim coat A layer of rubber material laid on a fabric but not forced into the weave. Normally laid on a frictioned fabric. Skirt board In a conveyor system, the vertical or inclined plates located longitudinally and closely above the belt to confine the conveyed material. Skirt boards are mostly used at belt loading points; they guide the material, increase conveying capacity, prevent accidents, and increase the wear life of throughing idlers Faldones En un sistema de transportadora, las planchas verticales o inclinadas, ubicadas longitudinalmente y cercanas sobre la correa para confinar el material transportado. Los faldones se usan mayormente se usan mayormente en los puntos en que se carga la correa; dichos faldones guan el material, aumentan la capacidad transportadora, impiden accidentes y aumentan la vida de desgaste de los polines transportadores de carga.

(Figura del Informe de Diseo de la Correa de Alimentacin d e l M o l i n o S A G . Planta de Molienda El Soldado Anglo-American Chile S.A.)

Skiver Grinding equipment to bevel belt ends for an overlap splice. There are sanding belt, drum and disk skivers in use. Slab belting Belting made in wide widths and long lengths for later slitting into narrower widths and cutting into shorter lengths.

Slider Bed A type of belt conveyor that utilizes a smooth sheet metal surface to support the conveyor belt and the commodity on it.

Slope belt A conveyor belt used to carry material along an inclined flight. Sometimes called drift conveyor.

Correa transportadora inclinada

(Fuente: Figura de www.cintas kruger.cl)

Snub Pulley A pulley that is used to change the direction of the return belt or guide the conveyor belt to increase the amount of belt wrap on a drive or end pulley. Usually used when the capacity of a snub roll is exceeded by the belt pull at the location.

Polea envolvente o de contracurvado Su funcin es aumentar la friccin entre la polea de cabeza (motriz) y la correa. Es la polea que determina el ngulo de apriete de la correa sobre la polea motriz.

a) Polea de cabeza (motriz)

b) Polea envolvente o de contracurvado

Ver disposicin global de poleas Belt Pulleys (Figura de Industria Metalmecnica Rivet S.A. Chile). Snub Roller A roller with a minimum diameter of 2.12 inches used to support conveyor belt at points where a change in the direction of that belt is made. These rollers have a higher load rating than return/idler rollers. Rodillo envolvente o de contracurvado

Solenoid Valve A pneumatic valve operated by an electrical solenoid. It may be a single solenoid that requires a constant electrical signal to operate and returns to a home position when that signal is removed. Or, it can be a double solenoid that requires a momentary electrical signal each time the valve position is to be changed.

Vlvula solenoide

Solid woven A single ply ("monoply") interwoven fabric. It is more complex and robust than a straight warp fabric. Illustration. Solid woven belt splice (finger splice)

Source: Figure from www.conveyorbeltguide.com

Spacing between idlers

Espaciamiento (separacin) entre polines

a = spacing between load idlers b= spacing between return idlers

a = espaciamiento entre polines de carga b = espaciamiento entre polines de retorno

Load and return idler spacing depends on the belt width. Load idler spacing is also a function of the density of the material to be conveyed. The purpose is to avoid accentuated belt deflection between idlers. Source:

El espaciamiento de los polines de carga y de retorno depende del ancho de la correa. El espaciamiento del poln de carga es tambin funcin de la densidad de material que se ha de transportar. El propsito es evitar una acentuada deflexin de la correa entre los polines.

CORREAS TRANSPORTADORASCOMPONENTES

Spiral idler Screw-shaped return idler which removes de material stuck to the belt.

Poln espiral Poln de retorno helicoidal que quita el material pegado a la correa.

Spirit Burner Test (in underground coal mining) A small piece of the conveyor belt is held over a spirit burner flame. After a certain time the burner is removed. The duration of flame and glow has to be within a specified time limit.

Splice

Empalme

See Belt splicing Splice allowance Additional length required to make a splice. Splicer A field splicing engineer. Splicing Empalmado

A hot, vulcanized splice is usually the best option, because the chemical and physical process is like for the original belt. Done properly, the splice can last as long as the belt. A cold splice can have an immediate cost advantage and be sufficient for low tension operations. For higher tensions, so thicker belts, the pressure may not be distributed equally. Done properly, a cold splice can achieve a service life close to that of a hot splice. It should not be used for warm conveyed material. Both methods have the same splice geometry. Steel cord conveyor belts cannot be spliced with cold glue or with mechanical fasteners.

}

Sprocket or sprocket-wheel a profiled wheel with teeth, cogs, or even sprockets that mesh with a chain, track or other perforated or indented material. The name 'sprocket' applies generally to any wheel upon which are radial projections that engage a chain passing over it. It is distinguished from a gear in that sprockets are never meshed together directly, and differs from a pulley in that sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth. Start-up

Rueda dentada para cadena

1.-Puesta en marcha

2.- Arranque Before start-up, the conveyor should be inspected for construction materials, tools or structural components which could gouge or cut the belt as it begins to move. The belt should be run empty and slowly first and then speeded up to the normal operating velocity.

A new conveyor belt may need a couple of weeks to run absolutely smoothly on the conveyor structure - like a pair of new leather shoes. In case of mistracking or other problems kindly refer to the first aid page. The straightness of a splice can be checked by this method.

Stator A stationary part about which a rotor revolves. The stationary member of an AC electric motor.

Estator

Steel cord pullout strength The adhesion between rubber and steel cord, usually determined in the "supply status" (Fa) and after additional thermal treatment (Fv). A typical minimum requirement is 15d+15 for Fa and 15d+5 for Fv. Example: 5 mm steel cord diameter times 15 + 15 = 90 N/mm.

Straight warp Made of high tenacy polyester fibres for the warp and weft polyamide yarns, both held together by a polyamide composite yarn. The warp (lengthwise) yarns are essentially uncrimped. The yarns are thicker and locked together.

Surface Resistance Test (in underground coal mining) An electrostatic charge may build up on the conveyor belt surface and iginite a mixture of flammable gases and air. Therefore the surface resistance of the conveyor belt covers has to be below 300 MOhms

Tail End Section The end of the conveyor that receives material from adjacent conveyors that the material is being conveyed away from.

Tail Pulley A pulley used at the terminal end of the conveyor that the material is being conveyed away from.

Polea de cola Una polea usada en el extreme terminal de la transportadora desde el cual el material es transportado.

Ver disposicin global de poleas (Figura de Rivet.cl) en Belt Pulleys.

Take-Up

Tensor

The main function of the take-ups is to ensure proper belt drive tension and also La funcin principal de los tensores es la de asegurar una tensin apropiada de la propulsin de la correa y tambin la de absorber to absorb belt length variations due to temperature changes, load, belt age, etc. variaciones del largo de la correa, debidas a cambios de temperatura, carga, edad de la correa, etc. There are three types of take-ups: 1.- Screw Take-Up 2.- Vertical Gravity Take-Up 3.- Horizontal Gravity Take-Up See each of these 3 following take-ups. Hay tres tipos de tensores.1. Tensor de tornillo 2. Tensor vertical por gravedad 3. Tensor horizontal por gravedad

Source:

CORREAS TRANSPORTADORASCOMPONENTES

Take-Up Device The arrangement of parts that applies tension to the conveyor belt, consisting of a take-up pulley or roller and a means for adjusting its position to create longitudinal stress in the belt.

1.- Dispositivo tensor 2.- Dispositivo de tensado

Take-up pulley A pulley which can move in space in order to maintain relatively constant tension.

1.- Polea tensora 2.- Polea de tensado

Take-up roller A roller with a minimum diameter of 2.5 inches and mounted in adjustable clips to allow take-up of belt sag. Roller has a belt pull capacity of 1,000 pounds and usually has a belt wrap of 180 degrees.

Rodillo tensor

Tan Glide Top (Bare Nylon Top, Friction Bottom) Ideal for applications where diverting products on and off the conveyor is required. Nylon top provides a low friction, abrasive resistant surface.

Technical Failures (First Aid)

Fallas tcnicas (Primeros Auxilios)

In an Additional File at the end of this Glossary you will find under Technical A continuacin del glosarios alfabtico encontrar un Archivo Adicional (Additional File). En dicho archivo figura bajo el ttulo Failures (First Aid) the following list of failures: Technical Failures (First Asid) una lista en ingls de Fallas Tcnicas (Primeros Auxilios), con sus caractersticas, los 1.- Belt running to one side at a given point primeros auxilios y una que otra figura. 2.- Particular section of belt running to one side at all points 3.- Belt runs to one side for a longer distance 4.- Belt runs off-center around the tail pulley and in the loading area 5.- Premature wear or abrasion of belt top cover 6.- Premature wear or abrasion of belt bottom cover 7.- Belt slips 8.- Excessive elongation of belt 9.- Grooving, gouging of top cover 10.- Grooving, gouging of bottom cover 11.- Hard and/or cracking cover 12.- Holes or breaks in belt 13.- Splice failure 14.- Cover-ply separation

Technical Standards related with belt conveyors

Normas tcnicas internacionales relacionadas con correas transportadoras A continuacin del glosarios alfabtico encontrar un Archivo

In an Additional File at the end of this Glossary you will find under Technical Adicional (Additional File). En dicho archivo figura bajo el ttulo Standards related with belt conveyors a list in English of the following Technical Standards related with belt conveyors una lista en standards on belt conveyors: ingls de las siguientes normas relacionadas con correas transportadoras. 1.- DIN (Germany) 2.- ISO (World) 1.- DIN (Alemania) 3.- BS (UK) 2.- ISO (mundial) 4.- JIS (Japan) 3.- BS (Reino Unido) 5.- GOST (Russia) 4.- JIS (Japn) 5.- GOST (Rusia) Tensile member The fabric, cord and/or metal reinforcing section of a belt, as distinguished from the rubber cover. Tensile strength The usual term for the rubber's or carcass' ultimate tensile strength, i.e. the maximum stress that the rubber or carcass material can withstand while being stretched (MPa). Tension Stress on the belt tending to cause extension. Testing Established belt manufacturers are testing all parameters agreed in the purchase order of every belt produced before shipment. Independent test labs can be consulted to review the results. Three ply conveyor belt splice Empalme de correa de tres pliegues de la transportadora Tensin Resistencia a la traccin

Source: Figure from www.conveyorbeltguide.com Tie gum A thin sheet of unvulcanized rubber inserted between plies in vulcanized repairs of splices. The Limiting Oxygen Index Test (LOI) This method is an effective and inexpensive quality control. It determines the minimum concentration of oxygen that will support combustion of a specific belt sample. The result of the approved belt must comply with any supplied belt of the same type. Torque The force applied to produce rotation. Torque

Training idler Set of rolls provided with a rotating device driven by the belt, which control its side and normally used both on loaded and return sections.

1.- Poln gua Conjunto de rodillos provistos de un dispositivo rotatorio, accionado por la correa, que controla su ladeo (desviacin lateral) y que se usa normalmente en ambas secciones, la cargada

Training or tracking the belt on a conveyor system is a process of adjusting idlers, pulleys and loading conditions in a manner which will correct any tendency of the belt to run other than centrally An idler mounted on a mechanical device, actuated by the belt moving against it to make the belt run straight.

y la de retorno. 2.-Poln autocentrante Los polines autocentrantes Revesol consisten en una estacin que controla el alineamiento de la correa. Su funcionamiento consiste en 2 rodillos pivotes, que cuando la cinta se descentra, estos hacen contacto con la cinta y se mueven junto a todo el polin de modo que hacen que la cinta vuelva a la direccin correcta.

Source: Figure from www. radialstackers. com

(Foto Revesol)

Transition idler Set of rolls placed on the loaded section near the pulleys, with side roll angle adjustment to support, guide and help the belt transition: Before/after impact idlers or beds under loading points. Before head pulley and after tail pulleys. Aids in transitioning the belt from a flat profile to a full trough profile.

Poln de transicin Conjunto de rodillos colocados en la seccin cargada cerca de las poleas, con ajuste del ngulo del rodillo lateral para soportar, guiar y ayudar a la transicin de la correa entre polines y polea.

Source: Figure from Stephens-Adamson Conveying Components METSO Minerals)

Transition length The distance between the last fully troughed idler and the flat driving or discharge pulley. Transition lengths should be generous in order to minimize the edge tension and thus reducing the safety factor. Transverse reinforcement An additional layer of single polyamide cords in custom-made pitch and diameter for increased rip and impact resistance. Tripper A travelling device, mounted on rails, which can be employed at any point along the conveyor. Trippers are used when material discharge points are located at different places or when the material has to be discharged along the belt conveyor. Trippers can be manual or motor driven.Descargador mvil o carro tripper (Chile) Un dispositivo desplazable, montado sobre rieles, que puede ser

Refuerzo transversal

empleado en cualquier punto a lo largo de la transportadora. Estos dispositivos se usan cuando los puntos de descarga de material se encuentran ubicados en diferentes lugares o cuando el material deber ser descargado a lo largo de la correa trasportadora. Los trippers pueden ser manuales o accionados por motor.

Troughability The property of a belt that permits it to conform to the contour of troughing idlers.

Troughing idler Set of idlers on which the loaded section of the belt is supported.

1.- Poln transportador de carga (Chile) 2.- Rodillo transportador de carga (Espaa) Conjunto de rodillos que soportan la seccin cargada de la correa

(Foto: Superior Industries LLC)

Source: Figure from Superior Industries LLC. Truss connection Conexin de tipo cercha

TT drive A belt-to-belt booster drive to reduce belt tension. Originally from the German term "Treib-Traggurt". Increases belt wear, maintenance and system

availability. Two ply conveyor belt splice Empalme de correa de tres pliegues de la transportadora

Source: Figure from www.conveyorbeltguide.com Turnover See Belt turnover

Ultimate 140 BOS (Nitrile Impregnated, Brushed One Side) Standard on most horizontal slider bed and roller bed conveyors for general purpose package handling. Oil resistant, quieter, less roller build up, and withstands higher temperatures.

Ultimate 140 SD (Nitrile Impregnated, Thin Polyurethane Top)

Standard on 190-ABA, 190-ABEZ, 190-LR. High co-efficient of friction against rollers to improve driving capacity. More oil resistant, quieter, less roller build up, and withstand higher temperatures.

Ultimate Strength As applied to chain, the total tensile force, in pounds, that must be applied to

cause failure under stress.

V-Belt A drive belt having a trapezoidal cross section for operation degrees over grooved sheaves. Its shape permits wedging contact between belt sides and grooves walls for transmission of power.

Correa en V

Vertical Gravity Take-Up This take-up is made of 3 pulleys, guiding slides and supports. Pulleys are slide-fitted. easily removable, and can be installed anywhere in the structure without the need of drilling.

Tensor vertical por gravedad Este tensor est hecho de hasta 3 poleas, correderas gua y soportes. Las poleas estn montadas en correderas, fcilmente removibles y pueden ser instaladas en cualquier parte de la estructura sin la necesidad de taladrar.

Source:

CORREAS TRANSPORTADORASCOMPONENTES

Viscoelasticity The property of materials that exhibit both viscous and elastic characteristics when being deformed. Viscoelasticity is the result of the diffusion of atoms or molecules inside of an amorphous material. Viscosity The resistance of a material to flow under stress. The higher the viscosity, the thicker the material. Vulcanization An irreversible process during which a rubber compound, through a change in its chemical structure, becomes elastic. The vulcanization is a chemical process in which individual polymer molecules are linked to other polymer molecules by atomic bridges. The end result is that the springy rubber molecules become locked together. This makes the bulk material harder, much more durable and also more resistant to chemical attack. It also transforms the surface of the material from a sticky feel to a smooth surface. Vulcanized splice Vulcanizer A mobile curing machine for field splicing (also called press).

Viscoelasticidad La viscoelasticidad es un tipo de comportamiento reolgico anelstico que presentan ciertos materiales que exhiben tanto propiedades viscosas como propiedades elsticas cuando se deforman. Viscosidad

Vulcanizacin

Empalme vulcanizado Mquina vulcanizadora

Warp The lengthwise yarns in a woven fabric.

Urdimbre Conjunto de hilos que se colocan en el telar paralelamente unos a otros para formar una tela.(RAE)

Water spray Employed in contact with the dirty side of the return belt it washes the material stuck to the belt by means of nozzles. Wear resistance A combination of abrasion and cut resistance. The severity of the wear depends on the nature, size, weight, shape and trip rate of the conveyed material. New test methods have been developed recently by ITA Germany. Weft The crosswise yarns in a woven fabric. White Polymate 100 RMP-COS (Thermoplastic Cover One Side) Good oil, fat and grease resistance. Easily cleaned. May be used in general food applications such as canning or packing lines. Meets FDA requirements and USDA acceptance.

Rociado (aspersin) con agua Empleado en contacto con el lado sucio de la correa de retorno, lava el material pegado a la correa utilizando toberas. Resistencia al desgaste

Trama Conjunto de hilos que, cruzados y enlazados con los de la urdimbre, forman una tela.(RAE)

Working tension Used in the USA to determine the belt rating (piw). It is up to the belt manufacturer to decide on the actual belt breaking strength.

Wrinkle An appearance usually resulting from curing with separation paper or cloth. Young's modulus The stress per unit strain for elastic materials. Equation: Mdulo de Young

where F is the force Ao is the original cross-sectional area Lo is the original length (mm) L is the amount by which the length changes (mm) Zones Refers to the individual areas of an accumulation conveyor where the driving power is engaged and disengaged. Zonas

Additional File - Archchivo adicionalEquations (Technical)

Please scroll for equations keyw ords

(This chapter is still being improved. Sorry for inconveniences.)

MODULUS OF ELASTICITY The modulus of elasticity is calculated by dividing the stress by the strain:

where

M is the modulus of elasticity (ISO 9856) F is the force (N) elast is the elastic elongation at the end of the specified number of cycles in N/mm

In other words: The higher the modulus the lower the elastic elongation per unit stress. See definition here top TENSION FORCE The modulus of elasticity of a material can be used to calculate the tension force it exerts under a specific extension:

where

T is the tension force is the modulus of elasticity A is the cross-sectional area x is the extension l is the length (m) top

MINIMUM PERIPHERAL FORCE The minimum belt tensions for transmitting the pulley peripheral forces are calculated as follows:

where

FU C f L g

Minimum peripheral force, Coefficient C, artificial friction coefficient, conveyor length (m), acceleration (m/s),

qRo mass of revolving idler parts of top strand (kg/m), qRu mass of revolving idler parts of bottom strand (kg/m), qB qG H mass of the belt on top strand (kg/m), mass of the belt in bottom strand (kg/m), lift of the conveyor between discharge and loading area (m),

FS1 special main resistances, FS2 special secondary resistances. top TAKE-UP LENGTH

where

SSp is take-up length (m) L is centre distance (m) is belt elongation, elastic and permanent (%)

As a rough guideline, use 1,5% elongation for textile belts and 0,25% for steel cord conveyor belts. Note: For long-distance conveyors, dynamic start-up calculations may be required, because not all elements are set in motion simultaneously, due to the elastic properties of the conveyor belt. top

COEFFICIENT C

The coefficient C is a function of the length of the installation. The total resistances without slope and special resistances are divided by the main resistances. top ARRHENIUS EQUATION

where

k is the temperature dependence of the rate constant (of a chemical reaction) EA is the activation energy T is the temperature R is the gas constant A is the prefactor (frequency factor)

The Arrhenius equation describes the quantitative relation between reaction velocity and temperature (as you know, the speed of chemical reactions increase with rising temperature). top STRESS IN RUBBER

where

is the stress v is the period of strain oscillation is the phase lag between stress and strain top

STRAIN IN RUBBER

where

is the strain is the period of strain oscillation t is time top

STORAGE MODULUS

where

E' is the storage modulus is the stress

is the strain is the phase lag between stress and strain top INTERNAL FRICTION

where

tan is the internal friction of a rubber E' is the storage modulus (N/mm) E'' is the loss modulus (N/mm)

The tan d is sometimes used to determine the indentation loss of a conveyor belt cover (cf. Energy Saving Belts). E' and E'' should be as low as possible. However, there are a number of misconceptions related to specifiying E' and E''. top LENGTH RELATED MASS FLOW (m/h)

where

v

is the belt velocity (m/s),

lvth is the theoretical volume flow (m/h), is the bulk density of the conveyed material (t/m),

St

is the coefficient for determination of the volume flow. top

BRAKING FACTOR

where

B0 ges PMerf

is the braking factor related to the rated torque of all drive motors, is the overall efficiency of all transmission elements between motor and pulley shaft, is the total capacity of the drive motors required in a steady operating state,

PMinst is the total installed capacity of the drive motors (N). top MINIMUM BELT TENSION FOR BELT SAG LIMITATION (top side, loaded)

where

g is gravity (9,81 m/s) m'Li is the mass of the conveyed material, uniformly distributed across a section of the conveyor (kg/m) m'G is the length related mass of the conveyor belt (kg/m) IRo is the idler spacing in top run (m)

hrel is the maximum belt sag related to the spacing between the carry idlers (%) top MINIMUM BELT TENSION FOR BELT SAG LIMITATION (bottom side, unloaded)

where

g

is the gravity (9,81 m/s)

m'G is the length related mass of the conveyor belt (kg/m) IRu is the idler spacing in bottom run (m) hrel is the maximum belt sag related to the spcing between the carry idlers (%) top PRIMARY RESISTANCES IN AN EVENLY TILTED CONVEYOR

where

f is the friction factor in top and bottom run L is the conveyor length (m) g is the gravity acceleration (m/s) m'R is the mass of the idlers (kg/m) m'L is the mass of the conveyor belt with an evenly distributed load (kg/m)

is the even inclination of the conveyor () top MAXWELL MODEL

where

is strain is stress top

VOIGT MODEL

where

is dynamic viscosity is total stress is total deformation D is shear rate G is shear modulus

Used to express the relaxation behavior of polymers. top ROLLING RESISTANCE

where

F is resistance force

Crr is the dimensionless rolling resistance coefficient Nf is the normal force or

where

E' is the storage modulus (N/mm) tan is the internal friction top

MINIMUM TRANSITION LENGTH (m)

where

B is belt width (mm) is troughing angle () S is the safety factor KG is the belt parameter Kf1 is the troughing parameter top

PERIPHERAL FORCE (N)

where

FH is the main resistance FN is the secondary resistance FS1 are the special main resistances FS2 are the special secondary resistances FSt are the resistances due to slope

where

PTr is the drive power (pulley) v is speed (m/s)

where

C is the coefficient (main resistance factor) f is the resistance coefficient L is belt length (m) g is acceleration (m/s) qRO is the mass of the idlers on top side (kg/m) qRU is the mass of the idlers on bottom side (kg/m) qB is the belt mass (kg/m) qG is the mass of the conveyed material (kg/m) H is the lift (m) FS1 are the special main resistances

FS2 are the special secondary resistances top SLOPE RESISTANCE

where

qG is the conveying mass (kg/m) H is the lift (m) g is acceleration (m/s) top

TRANSITION CURVES (m)

where

m'G is the length related mass of the conveyor belt (kg/m) g is acceleration (m/s) b is width (mm) is troughing angle l is idler length (mm) B is belt width (mm)

Tx is drive traction top ELASTIC ELONGATION (ISO 9856)

where

le is the elastic elongation (mm), Io is the initial length of the test piece(mm). top

PERMANENT (PLASTIC) ELONGATION (ISO 9856)

where

lp is the permanent elongation (mm), Io is the initial length of the test piece (mm).

For the drawing: FU is 10% force of the belt breaking strength multiplied by the test piece width (N), FL is 2% force of the belt breaking strength multiplied by the test piece width (N), F is the test force range. top

YOUNG'S MODULUS

where

L is the amount by which the length changes (mm) F is the force Ao is the original cross-sectional area Lo is the original length (mm) top

DRIVE POWER

where

F are the resistances to motion v is belt speed top

RESISTANCES TO MOTION where FH are the primary resistances (idlers, belt indentation, etc.) FN are the secondary resistances (feeding, scrapers etc.)

FS are extraordinary resistances FSt are gradient resistances top DOWNHILL FORCE

where

FGH is the downhill force FG is the weight force

Gravity acts straight down (= the weight of the conveyor belt) and the support force acts away from the conveyor. Since the conveyor is sloped, there is a net force acting down the slope. See also Clamping Force top

EYTELWEIN'S FORMULA

where

e is 2,7183

top

ROOT MEAN SQUARE

Technical failures (First Aid)Problem Why? Belt running to one side at a given point

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What to do?

Illustrations

Idler(s) behind a trouble point are Advance the end(s) of the idler(s) in the direction of belt travel. not at right angle Blocked idler(s) Crooked conveyor structure Buildup of materials on idlersLubricate or replace idler(s). Make corrections. Clean, and improve maintenance.

Particular section of belt running to one side at all points

Belt not joined squarely Bowed belt

Refasten resp. resplice. If the textile belt is new, it might straighten out after a couple of days under full load.

Belt runs to one side for a longer distance

Idlers out of square Off-center material feeding

Readjust idlers Adjust chute and loading conditions.

Belt runs off-center around the tail pulley and in the loading areaMisaligned pulley Dirt build-up on pulley ...install training idlers. Align the pulley,... ...clean the pulley, or

Premature wear or abrasion of belt top coverScraper rubber pressed too hard on belt Material build-up on return idlers Position the scraper corretly. Use cleaning device. Use (some) disc type return idlers. Reconsider chute/feeding layout. The chute should deliver the conveyed material to the belt as closely as possible to its speed and direction.

High speed differential between belt and conveyed material

Premature wear or abrasion of belt bottom cover

Dirty, frozen or misaligned idlersTransition length too short Slippage on drive pulley

Clean; improve maintenance. Check transition lengths and extend, if possible. Check pulley for correct lagging. Consider to use ceramic. Improve loading conditions. Install deck plate between top and bottom run. Install plows or scraper before the tail pulley.

Material spillage between belt and pulley

Belt slips

Insufficient traction between belt and pulley Worn pulley lagging

Increase belt wrap (contact length between belt and pulleys); improve belt cleaning. Replace lagging. Consider to use ceramic.

Counterweight too light or blockedExcessive elongation of belt

Add counterweight or increase screw take-up tension or eliminate blocking.

Tension too high. Belt strength too low. High elongation carcass.

Reduce tonnage; reduce counterweight. Replace by stronger belt. Replace by lower elongation belt, for instance with polyester warp.

Grooving, gouging of top cover

Skirt board seals are pressed against the belt Skirt board seals too hard Material impact Material trapped under seals

Leave enough clearance b etween seal and belt. Use proper sealing material (no old conveyor belts...). Improve chute design for smoother feeding; install impact idlers. Install cushion idlers to hold belt up towards skirts.

Grooving, gouging of bottom cover

Sticking or frozen idlers Material buildup Slippage Worn pulley laggingHard and/or cracking coverCompound too hard Ageing Exposure to heat, temperature of conveyed material is too high

Free the idlers and lubricate them. Or even a broken idler? Install or improve cleaning devices, avoid spillage, improve maintenance. Lag drive pulley, increase tension, increase arc of contact. Replace pulley lagging.

Too many sulfur bridges. No repair possible. Sulfur bridges replaced by oxygen bridges. No repair possible. Use high temperature resistant belt type.

Holes or breaks in belt

Impact of material falling onto belt, or foreign body clamped

Reduce impact; use cushion idlers; use belt with impact protection system; repair the

between belt and pulley

spots. (Photo) Note: For larger holes check the repair procedure with the belt supplier, because the safety factor may have become critically low.

Splice failure

External damage, improper splicing work

Splice failure is most critical and needs immediate professional care.

Cover-ply separation

Lack of adhesion or overstressing

Check whether adhesion between cover and carcass of the belt is sufficient and whether pulley diameters are big enough.

TECHNICAL STANDARDS DIN (German)252

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Ply separation strength

284 340 505 583 703 1120 1554 7716 9856 12385 12881-1 12881-2

Electrical conductivity; specifications and test method Laboratory scale flammability characteristics; requirement and test method Method for the determination of the tear propagation resistance of textile conveyor belts Textile conveyor belts; total thickness and thickness of constructional elements Troughability Determination of strength of mechanical fastenings; static test method Drum friction test Rubber products; requirements for storage, cleaning and maintenance Determination of elastic and permanent elongation and calculation of elastic modulus Steel wire ropes Fire simulation flammability testing; propane burner test Fire simulationflammability testing; large scale fire test

12882 13827 14890 14973 15236-3 16851 20340 22100-1 22101 22102

Conveyor belts for general use; electrical and flammability safety requirements Steel cord conveyor belts; determination of displacement of steel cords Specification for rubber or plastics covered conveyor belts of textile construction for general use Conveyor belts for underground use; electrical and fire safety requirements Steel cord conveyor belts; special safety requirements for underground use Textile conveyor belts; determination of endless length Flammability of conveyor belts; specifications and method of test Synthetic materials for underground use; hygiene requirements Basics for the desing of belt conveyors (new version of Dec.2011 superseding the 1982 and 2002 issues) Textile carcass conveyor belts

22103 22104 22107 22109 22110 22112 22117 22118 22120 22121 22123 22129 22131 22721 22123 28094 53504 53505 53507 53513 53516

Fire resistant conveyor belts for coal mining Antistatic conveyor belts; requirements and testing Continuous mechanical handling equipment; idler sets for belt conveyors, principal dimensions Textile carcass conveyor belts for underground coal mines (self-extinguishing grades) Dynamic testing of conveyor belt joints Belt conveyors for underground coal mining Conveyor belts for coal mining; determination of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) Textile carcass conveyor belts for use in underground coal mines; fire testing Scraper rubber for underground coal mining Textile carcass conveyor belts for coal mining; permanent joints Indentation rolling resistance of conveyor belts - Requirements, testing Steel cord conveyor belts for underground coal mining (Cross-section) Steel cord conveyor belts Textile conveyor belts for underground use Indentation rolling resistance of conveyor belts Steel cord conveyor belts; adhesion strength test of core to cover layer Testing of breaking strength and elongation of rubber Testing of hardness of rubber (Shore A and D) Testing of tear strength of rubber Determination of the visco-elastic properties of rubber Testing of abrasion resistance of rubber

Note: All DIN standards are copyright of and are availble from Beuth-Verlag in Berlin: http://www.mybeuth.de top

ISO (World)251:2003 252:2007 282:1992 283:2007 283-1:2001 284:2004 340:2007 432:1989 433:1991 505:2000 583:2007 583-1:2008

Conveyor belts with textile carcass - Widths and lengths Conveyor belts - Ply adhesion between constitutive elements - Test method and requirements Conveyor belts - Sampling Conveyor belts - Full thickness tensile strength and elongation - Specifications and method of test Textile conveyor belts - Determination of tensile strength, elongation at break and elongation at the reference load Conveyor belts - Electrical conductivity - Specification and test method Conveyor belts - Flame retardation - Specifications and test method Ply type conveyor belts - Characteristics of construction Conveyor belts - Marking Conveyor belts - Method for the determination of the tear propagation resistance of textile conveyor belts Textile conveyor belts - Tolerances on total thickness and thickness of covers - Test methods Conveyor belts with a textile carcass - Total thickness and thickness of elements - Methods of test

703:2007 1120:2002 1431:2004 1554:1999 2148:1974 3684:1990 3870:1976 4195:2007 4661-1:1993

Conveyor belts - Transverse flexibility and troughability - Test method Conveyor belts - Determination of strength of mechanical fastenings - Static test method Rubber - Resistance to ozone cracking Conveyor belts - Drum friction test Continuous handling equipment - Nomenclature Conveyor belts - Determination of minimum pulley Conveyor belts (fabric carcass) - Adjustment of take-up device Conveyor belts - Heat resistance - Requirements and test method Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Preparation of samples and test pieces - Physical tests

5048:1989 5284:1986 5285:2004 5293:2004 5924:1989 7590:2009 7622-1:1995 7622-2:1995 7623:1997 8094:1984 9856:2004 10247:1990 10357:1989 12881-1:2008 12881-2:2008 12882:2002 13827:2004 14890:2005 14973:2004 15236:2004 15236:2004 15236-1:2004

Belt conveyors; calculation of operating power and tensile forces Conveyor belts - List of equivalent terms Conveyor belts - Guide to storage and handling Conveyor belts - Formula for transition distance on three equal length idler rolls Fire tests - Reaction to fire - Smoke generated by building products (dual-chamber test) Steel cord conveyor belts - Methods for the determination of total thickness and cover Steel cord conveyor belts - Longitudinal traction test - Part 1: Measurement of elongation Steel cord conveyor belts - Longitudinal traction test - Part 2: Measurement of tensile strength Steel cord conveyor belts - Cord-to-coating bond test - Initial test and after thermal treatment Steel cord conveyor belts - Adhesion strength test of the cover to the core layer Conveyor belts - Determination of elastic and permanent elongation and calculation of elastic modulus Conveyor belts - Characteristics of covers - Classification Conveyor belts - Formula for transition distance on three equal length idler rollers (new method) Conveyor belts - Propane burner test Conveyor belts - Large scale flammability test Conveyor belts for general use - Electrical and fire safety requirements Steel cord conveyor belts - Determination of horizontal and vertical position of the steel cords. Conveyor belts - Specification for conveyor belts of textile construction for general use Conveyor belts for underground use - Electrical and fire safety requirements Steel cord conveyor belts (type A) and woven steel cord or steel strand conveyor belts (types B and C) Steel cord conveyor belts - Vulcanised splices Steel cord conveyor belts for general use - Design, dimensions and mechanical requirements

15236-2:2004 Steel cord conveyor belts - Preferred types

15236-3:2008 Steel cord conveyor belts; special requirements for underground use 15236-4:2004 16851:2005 18573:2003 22721:2007 top

Steel cord conveyor belt - Vulcanized splices Textile conveyor belts - Determination of the endless length Conveyor belts - Test atmospheres and conditioning Textile conveyor belts for underground mining

BS (UK)2890 3289 490 8407 12882 top

Specification for troughed conveyor belts Textile carcass conveyor belts for use in underground mines Specification for rubber and plastics conveyor belting Specification for mechanical and spliced joints for use underground Conveyor belts for general purpose; electrical and flammability safety requirements

CEMA / RMA (USA)402 IP 1-1 top

Belt Conveyors, 2002 Conveyor belt cover characteristics

AS (AUSTRALIA)1332-2000 1333-2000 1334-. 1334.1-1982 1334.2-1984

Textile conveyor belts Steel-cord conveyor belts Testing of conveyor belts Testing of conveyor belts - Determination of length Testing of conveyor belts - Determination of thickness

1334.3-1982 1334.4-1982 1334.7-1982 1334.8-1982 1334.9-1982

Testing of conveyor belts - Determination of tensile strength and elongation Testing of conveyor belts - Determination of troughability Testing of conveyor belts - Determination of ply adhesion Testing of conveyor belts - Determination of resistance to tear Testing of conveyor belts - Determination of electrical resistance

1334.10-1994 Testing of conveyor belts - Determination of ignitability and flame propagation 1334.11-1989 Testing of conveyor belts - Determination of ignitability and surface temperature subjected to friction 1334.12-1996 Testing of conveyor belts - Determination of combustion propagation 3552-1988 4035-1992 4076.1-1992 4606-2012 top

Guide to splicing steel cord conveyor belts Glossary of terms Determination of strength of mechanical fasteners Fire resistant and antistatic requirements for underground belting

JIS (Japan)8805 6322 6324 6369 top

Belt conveyors; calculation of operating power and tensile forces Plied construction conveyor belts Flame resistant conveyor belts Steel cord conveyor belts

GOST (Russia)22644 28826

Belt conveyors; basic parameters and dimensioning Conveyor belts; list of equivalent terms

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