GLOBALSTONE and GLOBALFOAM
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Transcript of GLOBALSTONE and GLOBALFOAM
February, 2015
LAMANNA Luigi Franco
June, 2015FEBRUARY, 2016
Ground support is necessary when voids (empty spaces) are created underground. Some means of support is required
in order to maintain the stability of the openings that are excavated.
The competeny of the rock being mined will determine how large a void may be created and what ground support
methods will be necessary to maintain a safe working environment.
THIS SUPPORT COMES IS TWO FORMS:
1) – AREA GROUND SUPPORT
Area ground support is used to prevent major ground failure. Holes are drilled into the back (celing) and walls and a long
steel rod (or rock bolt) is installed to hold thr ground together. There are three categories of rock bolt, differentiated by
how they engage the host rock. They are:
1.a) – Mechanically anchored bolts;
2.a) – Fully grouted rock bolts;
3.a) – Friction-anchored rock bolts.
2) – LOCAL GROUND SUPPORT
Local ground support is used to prevent smaller rock from falling from the backs and walls. Not all excavations require
local ground support.
Welded Wire Mesh is a metal screen with 100 x 100 mm (4 inch) openings. It is held to the backsusing point anchor
bolts or resin grouted rebar.
Shotcrete is fiber reinforced spray on concrete which coats the backs and walls preventing smaller rocks from falling.
Shotcrete thickness can be between 50 mm – 100 mm.
All photos illustred (partial text) are copied from the WEB – Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz
“GLOBALSTONE”
ORGANO-MINERAL FOAM FOR STRATA CONSOLIDATION
ROCK REINFORCEMENT ZONE STRESSED
REINFORCED ARCH IN ROCK
ROCK REINFORCEMENT
RO
CK
TU
NN
EL
ING
MA
CH
INE
EP
B T
BM
SL
UR
RY
T
BM
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TW
O
KIN
DS
O
F
PA
RT
IAL
F
AIL
UR
E M
EC
HA
NIS
MS
A) - UPPER PART BLOW-OUT
B) – LOWER PART COLLAPSE
CRITICAL SLURRY PRESSURE
In order to study the possibility of partial failure, two partial failure mechanisms are used as shown in
Figure (TWO KINDS OF PARTIAL FAILURE MECHANISMS), corresponding to the blow-out of the
upper part of tunnel and the collapse of the lower part of tunnel. The partial failure is assumed to occur
in an area with a vertical axis Dl, where Dl (0,D). In upper part blow-out mechanism, as shown in Figure
A), the top of the failure area passesthrough the tunnel crown. In the lower part collapse mechanism, as
shown in Figure B), the botton of the failure area passes through the tunnel invert. The upper part
collapse and lower part blow-out are not considered because they are less dangerous.
(Stability analisis of large slurry shield-driven tunnel in soft clay – Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground – Ng, Huang & Liu (eds) – 2009 Taylor & Francis
Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-48475-6)
COLLAPSE GROUND
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TECHNICAL DATA:
Mixing ratio (A + B) : 100: 100 parts in weight (1: 1 in volume).
Compressive strength: 55,9 Mpa at 24 h at 20 ° C and 60% R.H.
Flexure strenght: 20,7 Mpa at 24 h at 20 ° C and 60% R.H.
Tensile strenght: 14,2 Mpa at 24 h at 20 ° C and 60% R.H.
TECHNICAL DATA:
Mixing ratio (A + B) : 100: 83 parts in weight (1: 1 in volume).
Compressive strength: 51,97 Mpa at 24 h at 20 ° C and 60% R.H.
Flexure strenght: 26,50 Mpa at 24 h at 20 ° C and 60% R.H.
KEY FEATURES OF THE "FORMULATION" ARE:
Durability of “GLOBALSTONE” exceeding 500 years (we believe that can exceed 1,000- 2000 years without
being subject to any degradation): ability to resist weathering action, chemical attack, abrasion, or any
process of deterioration.
“GLOBALSTONE-M” and “GLOBALSTONE-LV50”
- GLOBALSTONE-M (BOLTING SYSTEM FOR TUNNELLING AND MINING):
SEALING AND STRUCTURAL BONDING OF FISSURES AND CRACKS - two-component silicon-mineral-organic
formula with low viscosity, does not expand, with high mechanical strength. Ideal for waterproofing broken rocks,
consolidating land and rocks subject to land slide, filling cracks and cavities as well as for constructions, coatings and
insulating materials, for waterproofing the walls of tanks and aqueducts. Non-toxic and non-polluting.FIRE RESISTANT.
- GLOBALSTONE-LV50 (BOLTING SYSTEM FOR TUNNELLING AND MINING):
SEALING AND STRUCTURAL BONDING OF FISSURES AND CRACKS (FLEX) - STRATA CONSOLIDATION –
Organic-mineral two components resin, not expansible, characterized by low viscosity, excellent chimica stability,
mechanical resi stance and flexibility. Ideal for water-proofing fractured rock, consolidation of loose land and rock, crack
and cavity filling. Especially suitable for bonding injection drill bolts because the resins cure within just a few minutes and
the bolt can be loaded in a very short time. FIRE RESISTANT.
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Air piston diameter 160 mm
High pressure piston diameter 25 mm
Pressure ratio 1:40
High-pressure flow rate of each
pump cycle 49 cm3
Max working pressure 190 bar
Air connection diameter 10 bar
Max actuating pressure RD 32 X 1/8
Suction connection diameter RD 32 x 1/8
High pressure outlet connection DN 10
Max flow rate 8 l/min
DIMENSIONS
Length 720 mm
Depth 330 mm
Height 370 mm
Weight 74 kg
DIAGRAM PERFORMANCE
THE PNEUMATIC DRIVEN SINGLE PLUNGER PUMP FORTUNNEL AND MINING
MIXING TUBE COMPLETE – L= 1200 mm – with 4/5 mixingelements and connection nipple DN10 and thread M 20 x 1,5 mt
ILLUSTRATIONS OF TRADITIONAL SUPPORT SYSTEM IN UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION (MINES)
ME
SH
R
OC
KB
OLT
TIP
ICA
LLY
ME
CH
AN
ICA
L
INJ
EC
TIO
N P
AC
KE
RS
TR
AD
ITIO
NA
L M
ET
HO
D O
F
INJ
EC
TIN
G R
ES
IN
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ADHESION
RESIN INJECTION
CEMENT
“GLOBALSTONE-LV50” AND “GLOBALSTONE-M”
ORGANO-MINERAL FOAM FOR STRATA
CONSOLIDATION
- CONVENIENT
- SIMPLE
- VERY HIGH STR. ANCHOR
- PERFECT FOR VERTICAL AND OVERHEAD ROUTING
ROCKBOLTSTHESE ARE REINFORCING ELEMENTS WHICH ARE TENSIONED DURING INSTALLATION. THEY CONSIST OF
A ROD AND MECHANICAL OF GROUTED ANCHORAGE (RESIN INJECTION) COUPLED WITH SOME MEANS
OF APPLYING AND RETAINING THE ROD TENSION. MECHANICAL FIXING ARE SUITABLE FOR HARD ROCK,
WHEREAS GROUTED, FIXED LENGTH BOLTS CAN BE USED IN MOST ROCK TYPES. THE LENGTH VARIES
BETWEEN 2 TO 8 M FOR RESIN INJECTION BARS, AND 3 TO 20 M FOR AN EXPANDING SHELL FIXING ON A
BAR.
YES
NO
PNEUMATIC HAND-HELD COCK DRILLS
YES RESIN “GLOBALSTONE”
NO RESIN CARTRIDGE
MIN
ING
:A
NC
HO
RIN
G –
“GL
OB
AL
ST
ON
E-M
”H
AR
D R
OC
K :
RO
CK
INJE
CT
ION
–“G
LOBALSTONE
-LV50”
TEST WITH “GLOBALSTONE-LV50”
All photos illustred are copied from the WEB
GROUT ROCK BOLT SUJECT TO LATERAL FORCE
GLOBALSTONE-LV50 INJECTION
INJECTION WITH TRADITIONAL
RESIN OR CEMENT-BASED
PRODUCTS
TYPICAL EXAMPLE OF BREAKING
OF CEMENT-BASED PRODUCTS
THE PRODUCT HAS GREATER
PENETRATION INTO CRACKS
(0.005 INCHES)
FRACTURED ROCK
THE ”GLOBALSTONE-LV50" IS ABLE TO
ABSORB THE DEFORMATIONS WITHOUT
BREAKING
BAR
BAR
GROUT (RESIN) PERMEATED SOIL
TECHNICAL DATA:
Mixing ratio (A + B) : 100: 100 parts in weight (1: 1 in volume).
Compressive strength: 55,9 Mpa at 24 h at 20 ° C and 60% R.H.
Flexure strenght: 20,7 Mpa at 24 h at 20 ° C and 60% R.H.
Tensile strenght: 14,2 Mpa at 24 h at 20 ° C and 60% R.H.T
ES
T “
GL
OB
AL
ST
ON
E-M
”
DRILLING INJECTION INSTALLATION
PE
NE
TR
A
INT
O C
RA
CK
S O
F 0
,25 m
m
"GLOBALSTONE-M" (thixotropic) - two-component injection resin, polyurea silicate, fire resistant, for
consolidation of land:
- consolidation of fractured rock in underground structures;
- coalbed consolidation;
- support with bolts (anchor blocks);
- does not absorb water; border time> 1 min.
TH
IXO
TR
OP
IC
SO HERE'S WHAT HAPPENS WHEN USED FOR CARTRIDGES ANCHOR BARS
NO- CARTRIDGES
- CEMENTYES
- CHEMICAL INJECTION GROUTING "GLOBALSTONE-M"
OR "GLOBALSTONE-LV 50"
NO
NO
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the
WE
B
SEGREGATION AMONG ROCK BOLTSBOLT ANCHORAGE LYING NEAR
THE SCREENED ENTRY IS STABLE AND THE FLOOR IS CLEAR. ??
ENTRY UNSCREENED IS IMPASSABLE.
TECHNICAL DATA:
Mixing ratio (A + B) : 100: 83 parts in weight (1: 1 in volume).
Compressive strength: 51,97 Mpa at 24 h at 20 ° C and 60% R.H.
Flexure strenght: 26,50 Mpa at 24 h at 20 ° C and 60% R.H.
TEST BY "CORE DRILLING" IN A
CONCRETE DAM 40 METERS DEEP
GL
OB
AL
ST
ON
E-L
V50
DRILLING INJECTION INSTALLATION
CO
T W
OO
D F
OR
FIX
ING
"GLOBALSTONE-LV50" - resin injection bi-component polyurea silicate, fire resistant, for consolidation of land:
- Figure in existing procedures for injecting resin into the hole where you must anchor the bars are shown. The
procedures ensure good control over the effective fill the space between the bolts and the rock, though, if you
get to make a correct tape it is preferred method based on the resin bubbling up in the talabro;
- border time > 4 min.P
EN
ET
RA
IN
TO
CR
AC
KS
OF
0,0
05 -
0,1
0 m
m
GROUT (RESIN) PERMEATED SOIL
ROCK INJECTION BOLT IS USED WHEN THE CONVENTIONAL CONSOLIDATION (WITH PACKING
AND DIFFUSER) CAN NOT WAIT TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE STABILIZATION:
- STABILIZING INPUT THONG;
- INTERSECTION OF FAULTS;
- DEPUTY OF ROCK FALL IN THE POSTAL PACKER LONGWALL;
- STABILIZATION OF COVERS AND FACES IN DRIFT;
- COAL FACE STABILIZATION IN LONGWALL;
- CONSOLIDATION COAL AND STRATA;
- GRP STUCK DRILLING AND STEEL BOLTS AND DRIFTS RISE AND DIRECTION DIP;
- STUCK IN SUPPORT BOLT BELT ENTRY;
- FIXING THE FACE OF THE DRIFT.
THE ADJUSTMENT PROCESS REQUIRES A "GLOBALSTONE" PROPERTIES WITH ALMOST
THIXOTROPIC.
“GLOBALSTONE-LV50”
ORGANO-MINERAL FOAM FOR STRATA
CONSOLIDATION
-The product has greater penetration into
cracks (0.005 inches);
-The product not only anchors iron bars but
it also consolidates crumble and unstable rocks;
- The product block water inflows.
GLOBALSTONE - NON-FLAMMABLERESIN CARTRIDGE - FLAMMABLE
YESNO
NO
YES
GROUT (RESIN) PERMEATED SOIL
Rock disaggregation between bolts extends nearly to bolt anchorage
NONO
SO HERE WHAT CAN HAPPEN WHEN CARTRIDGES ARE USED FOR
ANCHORING BARS
NO- CARTRIDGES
- CEMENTYES - INJECTION CHEMICAL GROUTING “GLOBALSTONE-LV50”
RE
SIN
C
AR
TR
IDG
E
RE
SIN
C
AR
TR
IDG
E
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INJECTION OF “GLOBALSTONE-LV50”
ORGANO - MINERAL FOAM FOR
STRATA CONSOLIDATION:
- the product has greater
penetration into cracks (0.005
inches);
-the product not only anchors iron
bars but it also consolidates
crumble and unstable rocks;
- the product block water inflows.
COLLAPSED COLLAPSED
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THE PNEUMATIC DRIVEN SINGLE PLUNGER PUMP FOR TUNNEL AND MINING
ROCK BOLTING/ANCHORING
TBM
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TBM S-167 STEG - HERRENKNECHT AG, ACHWANAU, DEUTSCHLAND
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BLOCKY FACE CONDITIONS, LOTSCHBERG
WERNE BURGER, Chief Engineer, Herrenknecht AG,
Schwanau
North American Tunneling Coference 2006, Chicago, U.S.A.
Hard Rock Cutterhead Design
CONSOLIDATION, PROBE DRILLS
Consolidation Drills:
Provision for dealing with weak rock conditions
provisions can be made by installing a pair of
roof bolters just behind the dust shield. This
allows a primary roof support in poor ground
conditions. Due to restricted available space,
systematic bolting should be done from the
back-up.
Probe Drills:Most TBMs provide probe drill equipment, which are generally
hydraulic percussion hammers that allow drilling up to 50 m
ahead. Special rock sampling rigs are provided on request.
It is highly recommended to perform probe drilling outside the
tunnel diameter because if the probe hole jams the drill rod,
advancing of the TBM is not hindered. If drilling in the tunnel
cross-section and the drill rod gets stuck, it is hard to get the drill
rod out because the cutterhead is not able to cut the steel, and
this ultimately damages the cutters.
PHASE 1
ROCK THE TBM-EPB MUST STOP IMMEDIATELY
REFLUX OF THE GROUND IN CONTACT
WITH TBM-EPB
PHASE 2
CONTROLLED
EXPLOSION
ELIMINATION OF ALL LAND SURROUNDING
AREA THE BLOCK OF ROCK
PHASE 3
GLOBALFOAM-SP INJECTION
GLOBALSTONE-LV50 INJECTIONLAND FILL
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POSSIBLE DRILL PATTERN AHEAD OF THE
TUNNEL FACE
PERMANT DRILL INSTALLATION AT THE FRONT
END OF THE TRAILING GEAR BEHIND THE ERECTOR
WERNE BURGER, Chief Engineer, Herrenknecht AG,
Schwanau
FRANCOIS DUDOUIT, Skanska – Vinci JV
Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Coference 2009, Las
Vegas, U.S.A.
The hallandsas dual mode TBM Cutterhead Design
COLLAPSED
COLLAPSED
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INJECTION OF “GLOBALSTONE-LV50” ORGANO - MINERAL FOAM FOR WATERPROOFING
AND STRATA CONSOLIDATION:
- the product has greater penetration into cracks (0.005 inches);
- the product block water inflows.
THE GLOBALSTONE-LV50
BLOCK WATER INFLOWS
THE GLOBALSTONE-LV50
BLOCK WATER INFLOWS
WATER
WATER
WATER
GROUT (RESIN) PERMEATED SOIL
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Refers to a group of undeground mining techniques
used to extract coal, oil shale, tar sands, salt and other
minerals or geological materials from sedimentary
(“soft”) rocks.
Mining deposits in sedimentary rocks are commonly
layered and relatively less hard.
Refers to various underground mining techniques used
to excavate hard rocks, mainly those containing metals
such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc,
nickel and lead, but also involves using the same
techniques for excavating ores of gems such as
diamonds.
Mining deposits in hard (sedimentary or igneous or
metamorphic) rocks are commonly massive and hard.
Mining can be done by any one of the following
methods:
1) - Longwall mining;
2) - Room-and-pillar mining;
3) - Blast mining;
4) - Shortwall mining;
5) - Coal Skimming.
Mining can be done by the following methods:
a) - Short-hole and Long-hole mining methods;
b) - Selective and unselective mining methods;
c) - Supported and Unsupported underground mining
methods.
All photos illustred (partial text) are copied from the WEB – Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz
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METHODS OF SURFACE MINING CONTINUOUS MINERS CEILING WITH SUPPORT
ROTATING DRUM MACHINE - ROADHEADER PNEUMATIC PERFORATORS
ROCK INJECTION- Fast setting pre-injection systems;- Cavity filling;- Ground stabilization;
ANCHORING- Perfect for vertical and overhead grouting;- Rock bolting (advanced technology).
INJECTION- Pre-injection for water stopping and ground consolidation;- Post-injection for strata consolidation, cavity filling and water stopping.
FIELDS OF APPLICATION IN MINES- Mine backfill;- Cavity filling;- Coal face stabilization;- Coal and strata consolidation.
GLOBALSTONE-M
THE PNEUMATIC DRIVEN SINGLE PLUNGER PUMP FOR MINING
ROCK BOLTS CAN BE INSTALLED BOTH INDIVIDUALLY AND WITH SYSTEMATIC BOLTING. SYSTEMATIC BOLTING IS A
PRE-PLANNED PATTRN OF BOLTS BASED ON GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS, BUT INDIVIDUAL BOLTS ARE ALSO
INSTALLED TO FIX SINGLE LOOSE BLOCKS (NILSEN AND PALMSTROM, 2000)
GLOBALSTONE-M COAL PILLAR
THE PNEUMATIC DRIVEN SINGLE PLUNGER PUMP
FOR MINING
-“GLOBALSTONE-M”, ORGANO-MINERAL FOAM FOR STRATA CONSOLIDATION
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2 Current PUR Injection Design Process
INJECTION ARRAYS. THESE PUMPING PATTERNS CAN HAVE A NUMBER OF CONFIGURATIONS. A
TYPICAL INJECTION PATTERN FOR AN INTERSECTION WILL HAVE INJECTION HOLE ANGLED OVER
THE RIB ON 3 M (10 ft.) CENTERS SPANNING EACH CROSSCUT IN THE INTERSECTION.
“GLOBALSTONE-M” (PUR) MAY BE INJECTED OVER THE RIB ON EACH SIDE OF THE INTERSECTION.
THESE INJECTIONHOLES WILL BE PACKED OFF THE DESTABILIZED ZONE, AND THEN (PUR)
“GLOBALSTONE” IS INJECTED TO ERECT A “GROUT CURTAIN” WHICH ACT AS A BARRIER AND PERMIT
INFILLING OF THE INTERSECTION. THE HOLES ARE EITHER PUMPED TO A PREDETERMINED VOLUME
OR PRESSURE OR INJECTED TO REFUSAL. THE HOLES WILL BE DRILLED AND PUMPED IN THE
CENTER OF THE INTERSECTION TO COMPLETE INFILLING OF THE PATTERN. THE EXACT
SPECIFICATIONS OF THE DESIGN ARE OFTEN DETERMINED BY EXSPERIENCE OF THE CONTRACTOR.
REINFORCING COAL MINE ROOF WITH POLYURETHANE INJECTION:4 CASE STUDIES
Gregory MolindaPittsburg Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupation Safety and Health – NIOSH , Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A.
All photos illustred are copied from the WEB
VIDEO LOGS OF ROOF HOLES IN SELECTED INTERSECTIOS BEFORE “PUR” INJECTION
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FRACTURES FILLED WITH “PUR” IN SELECTED INTERSECTIONS AFTER “PUR” INJECTION
All photos illustred are copied from the WEB
GLOBALSTONE-LV50
ROCK BOLTING SYSTEM FOR MININGANCHORAGE OF A BLOCK WITH COHESION ON THE BOARDS
IDEALLY MOUNTED PNEUMATIC OR HYDRAULIC HAMMER DRILLS ARE USED
“GLOBALSTONE-SERIES” ISA RAPID-HARDENING ANDRAPID- CURING SILICATERESINS.
“GLOBALSTONE SERIES”MAY BE USED WITHOVERHEAD BOREHOLES WITHLARGE DIAMETERS AS WELLSINCE IT HARDENS VERYQUICKLY RIGHT AFTERMIXING.
ONCE BOTH COMPONENTSHAVE BEEN MIXEDTOGETHER, THE RESINBEGINS HARDENING,BECOMES VISCOUS ANDCANNO T FLOW EVEN INTOLARGECRACKS ON ITS OWNBUT HAS TO BE PUMPED IN
MECHANICALLY ANCHORED BOLTS
“TAMROCK ROBBOLT” FULLY MECHANIZED BOLTING UNIT
MECHANICALLY ANCHORED BOLTS
ARE USUALLY WEDGE OR
EXPANSION-SHELL BOLTS THAT
ARE POINTANCHORED AT THE
BOTTOM OF THE HOLE.
THE BOLT HAS AN EXPANDING
ANCHOR AT ITS END. AFTER
INSERTION, THE BOLT IS EITHER
ROTATED OR PRESSED/HAMMERED
AGAINST THE BOTTOM OF THE
HOLE. THIS EXPANDS THE WEDGED
END AND ANCHORS THE BOLT
FIRMLY TO THE SIDES OF THE
HOLE. TO INSTALL ANCHORED
BOLTS SUCCESSFULLY, THE HOLE
SIZE MUST BE ACCURATE AND THE
ROCK MUST BE RELATIVELY SOLID.
WEDGE OR EXPANSION-SHELL
BOLTS ARE TYPICALLY MEANT FOR
TEMPORARY ROCK SUPPORT.
TOGETHER WITH CEMENT
GROUTING, IT PROVIDES BOTH
IMMEDIATE AND LONG-TERM
SUPPORT.
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TECHNICAL DATA “GLOBALFOAM-SP”:
- HIGH FOAMING FACTOR; - EXTINGUISHES MINE FIRES;
- REDUCE FORMWORK NEEDS; - HIGH FILLING CAPACITY;
- LOW EMISSION; - INJECTION FOR ROCK STABILIZATION;
- SEALING GAS DAMS, - FILLING EXCAVATION IN DRIFTS AND
LONGWALLS.T
ES
T “
GL
OB
AL
FO
AM
-SP
”
SUBSIDENCE PHENOMEN
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DAMAGES CAUSED BY THE PHENOMENON OF "SUBSIDENCE”
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BACKFILL
GLOBALFOAM-SP
SPONTYANEAUS COMBUSTION
HYDRAULIC SUPPORT
“GLOBALFOAM-SP” RESIN
FOAM FOR CAVITY FILLING,
GAS, SEALING AND FIRE
FIGHTTING IN MINING
SOLUTIONS TO THE PHENOMENON OF "SUBSIDENCE”
A)
B)
C)
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D)
BACKFILL – GLOBALFOAM-SP
Backfilling procedure for fully mechanised coal mining with self-backfilling hydraulic supports:
- a) The moment when the first-round backfilling neighbouring the boundary coal pillar is finished;
- b) The left sketch shows the moment when the mould bag stretches as a result of the forward
movement of the hydraulic support, which is also indicated in the right photo;
- c) Backfilling material being pumped into the rear space formed by the mould bag;
- d) End of the first-round backfilling procedure.
Dra
win
gs
inth
isfigure
were
desig
ned
by
Xia
ow
eiF
eng
and
photo
sw
ere
taken
by
Xig
uiZ
heng
and
Fe
iX
ue
ina
rela
ted
field
tria
lin
ShanxiP
rovin
ce.
“GLOBALFOAM-SP” RESIN FOAM FOR CAVITY FILLING, GAS, SEALING AND FIRE FIGHTTING IN MINING
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Typically the GLOBALFOAM-AS is made into a 2-3% (normal range 1.5-4%) solution in water.
GLOBALCRYL-46 (see technical data sheet) can be added with the GLOBALFOAM-AS (0.5-1% in total water
solution) to strengthen the foam or adjust the properties of the excavated soil/Coal/dust.
APPLICATION
A foam is produced by dispersion of air into an aqueous solution of the Globalfoam AS.
Globalfoam AS foam solution can be expanded with air to produce a stable foam. The foam recipe, foam
expansion and the foam injection rate into the face, working cutting machines, or screw conveyor, will
depend on soil conditions encountered .
Foam is a highly efficient agent consisting of water, foam concentrate(GLOBALFOAM AS) and air. A constant
percentage of foam concentrate is steadily added to the water stream by inductors. The water foam mixture
produced in this way is converted into foam in foam generators. The degree of foaming depends on the
capacity of the foam generator, the foam concentrate and on the rate of induction. Foam is a highly efficient
agent consisting of water, foam concentrate(GLOBALFOAM AS) and air. A constant percentage of foam
concentrate
(GLOBALFOAM AS) is steadily added to the water stream by inductors. The water foam mixture produced in
this way is converted into foam in foam generators. The degree of foaming depends on the capacity of the
foam generator, the foam concentrate and on the rate of induction.
POSITION OF SPLITTER ARM MAY ALLOW DUST TO MIGRATE INTO WALKWAY
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Another type of foam generator:
Use surfactants. Surfactants such as GLOBALFOAM AS dissolve in water and can be beneficial in maintaining
the proper moisture content of the intake roadways. Surfactants decrease the surface tension of water, which
allows the available moisture to wet more particles per unit volume.
Foam discharge from shearer drum. The discharge of foam from large-diameter nozzles located in the shearer
drum has shown promise in reducing the shearer operator’s respirable dust exposures. A U.S. Bureau of
Mines research study [Laurito and Singh 1987] showed that foam can distribute a given quantity of moisture
much more evenly over a large surface area.
However, a high degree of mixing must take place between the foam and the cut coal for the foam application
to be successful in reducing dust levels.. As stated earlier, the optimum location to attack dust generated by
the cutting action of the drums is at the source. In the study by Laurito and Singh [1987], a compressed-air
foam generation system that discharged foam through 10–12 nozzles on the shearer drum was evaluated at
long wall operations. Results from the tests showed that shearer operator dust exposures were reduced by
50%–80%. Like the ventilated drum, a foam distribution system adds complexity, maintenance, and cost, but
offers the potential for improved dust control of shearer generated dust. • High-pressure inward-facing drum
sprays.
High-pressure (up to 1,200 psi), inward-facing drum sprays [Jankowski et al. 1989] have been shown to
confine the dust generated by the cutting drum to the face area. This spray system seemed to suppress the
amount of dust that becomes airborne by improving the moisture distribution efficiency of the drum sprays.
The high-pressure, inward-facing drum water spray system consists of high-pressure sprays located in each
bit block and oriented toward the coal face. Based on field tests at a long wall operation , high-pressure,
inward-facing drum sprays were most effective at reducing dust levels with the sprays oriented at 30° and
operated at 800 psi.
Dust exposure levels under these conditions were reduced by 39%. Testing has shown that the use of high-
pressure, inward-facing drum sprays had some constraints. The most objectionable from an operation
standpoint was clogging of the sprays. Rust particles from the drum were a potential source of water
contamination, increasing the risk of the sprays clogging. To minimize clogging, the spray system water
supply should be filtered. With some refinements and improvements, this system may help keep dust
generated by cutting drums confined to the face area
Foam Spray Systems
There are several types of foam sprays available for use on continuous miners to control dust.
Spray nozzle type, location, pattern, flow, and pressure are all factors to consider when designing a spray system.
The type of spray used at a particular location depends on the desired application. For example, for suppression of
dust, high flow at low pressure close to the source is most effective. For airborne dust capture, smaller high-
velocity droplets are required to impact with dust and remove it from the air. For redirection, higher pressure is
required.
Hollow-cone.
Hollow-cone sprays use a circular, outer-ring spray pattern in three different designs: whirl chamber, deflected, and
spiral sprays. These sprays produce small to medium droplet sizes. Hollow-cone sprays are the best choice for
most practical mining applications because they have larger-orifice nozzles and are less likely to clog . Standard
foam spray systems from the manufacturer typically locate hollow-cone sprays on the boom directly behind the
cutter head, on the underside of the boom, and along the sides of the cutter head. They are particularly effective for
dust knockdown, as well as redirecting dust away from the worker. •
Full-cone.
Full-cone sprays use a solid cone-shaped spray pattern with a round impact area that provides high velocity over a
distance. They produce medium to large droplet sizes over a wide range of pressures and flows. They are normally
used when the sprays need to be located farther away from the dust source or when a uniform wetting pattern is
desired, such as scrubber filters or belt transfer points. Full-cone sprays are also useful to wet the throat area of
the miner’s conveyor to suppress dust during transfer to shuttle cars. • Solid-stream. A straight, solid, uniform
stream of foam at high flow and low pressure is the goal of solid-stream sprays. They provide uniformity of wetting
of the material to be cut. They are designed to be used close to the source to deluge the area before cutting or
loading. The objective of solid-stream sprays is dust suppression. • Flat-fan. The flat-fan spray pattern comes in
three different designs: tapered, even, and deflected-type sprays. Flat-fan sprays produce small to medium droplet
sizes over a wide range of flows and spray angles and are normally located in narrow, enclosed spaces. Locating
flat-fan sprays along the side of the cutter head helps to contain dust under the boom, allowing for capture by the
scrubber inlets. Flat-fan sprays are effective for dust containment. •
Air-atomizing.
Air-atomizing spray patterns are available in two different designs: hydraulic and air assisted. Hydraulic nozzles
produce fine-mist droplet sizes and have low volume capacities. Air assisted nozzles produce the smallest
droplets of all sprays, but are the most expensive and complex to install because they require compressed air.
Although air-atomizing nozzles produce the best airborne dust capture, their use in mines is impractical due to
high maintenance requirements (i.e., they are prone to clogging) and the need to supply compressed air to each
nozzle.
GLOBALFOAM-AS product application Degree 2 dust visible only after 24 hours
DUST EMISSION ON UNTREATED ROAD
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Most continuous miners use a combination of spray types to achieve the best control. Although higher foam
pressure will raise the effectiveness of foam sprays, a marked disadvantage is that it entrains large volumes of
air and subsequently dust. This can result in dust rollback. The earliest foam sprays on a continuous miner
were used for bit lubrication, bit cooling, and dust control.
Although these sprays controlled respirable dust exposure to a limited extent, they also created large
quantities of turbulence and dust rollback. Dust rollback over the continuous miner infiltrated the operator’s
position, resulting in dust overexposure. To control rollback, sprays were relocated atop and beneath the
cutting drum. The top sprays operated at a pressure of 100 psi and a flow rate of 0.95 gpm (gallone per minute)
per spray. Two large-orifice, deluge-type sprays were mounted on the left and right underside of the boom and
directed to spray into the cutting bits. These sprays operated at a low pressure of about 7 psi and a higher flow
rate of 5 gpm per spray. Dust rollback was decreased as a result because the spray droplets moved only a
short distance before impacting on the cutting bits. The short distance also increased coal surface wetting
capabilities while minimizing turbulence. In-mine evaluations of these boom sprays show that miner operator
dust exposures are reduced by 40% compared to the factor yinstalled spray system.
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VENTURI SPRAYS MOUNTED ON HEADGATE SPLITTER ARM
KEY BENEFITS OF “GLOBALFOAM-AS”:
• GOOD PENETRATION INTO THE ROAD BED FAST
• COST EFFECTIVE COMPARED TO ROAD SURFACE WATERING
• CUMULATIVE EFFECT WITH REPEATED USE
• SAVINGS ON WATER USAGE AND LABOUR
• NO IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY OR PLANT LIFE
• BIODEGRADABLE AND PROMOTE AQUATIC PLANT GROWTH
- GLOBALFOAM-AS
It is a high performance liquid foaming agent based on special biodegradable anionicsurfactants, studied to treat clayey and sandy grounds in mining and tunnels dug with full-section mechanical cutter.It produces very stable foam and it can be dilute in both fresh and salt waters, even with ahigh degree of hardness.
- GLOBALCRYL-46
It is a liquid polymer synthetic high molecular weight, formulated with special copolymers acrylamide / sodium acrylate, suitable treatment of the sludge in preparation work drilling land and civil engineering. It is as translucent milky liquid medium viscosity, extremely easy to disperse in water, which hydrolyzes forming solutions clear and highly viscous.
GROUND
TBM-EPB
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GROUND GROUND
EXAMPLE OF PROTECTION OF
MANUFACTURED AND STABILITY OF
'THE LAND BEFORE DIGGING A
TUNNEL FOR UNDERGROUND
EXAMPLE OF CONSOLIDATION TYPE
“TENT" UNDER THE ROADS AND
MANUFACTURED BEFORE DIGGING A
TUNNEL FOR UNDERGROUND
“JET-GROUTING” OR CHEMICAL RESIN
“GLOBALSTONE-M” OR “GLOBALSTONE-LV50”
The serious problem is solved with the "GLOBALSTONE-M” or “GLOBALSTONE-LV50”
EXAMPLE OF CONSOLIDATION OF
MANUFACTURED WITH POLES TYPE “JET-
GROUTING" BEFORE DIGGING A TUNNEL
FOR UNDERGROUND
EXAMPLE OF A CONSOLIDATION OF
RAILWAY LINE WITH POLES TYPE “JET-
GROUTING" BEFORE DIGGING A TUNNEL
FOR UNDERGROUND
“JET-GROUTING” OR CHEMICAL RESIN
“GLOBALSTONE-M” OR “GLOBALSTONE-LV50”
The serious problem is solved with the "GLOBALSTONE-M” or “GLOBALSTONE-LV50”
COLLAPSED
COLLAPSED
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“GLOBALSTONE-LV50” INJECTION
PHASE 01 PHASE 02
“GLOBALFOAM-PU-NF” AND “GLOBALFOAM-SP” INJECTION
WATER
STABILIZATION (RIGID) OF SUBSTRATE
INJECTION “GLOBALSTONE-LV50”
- Pile foundation - Anchorage of avalanche protection structureìs and
- Buoyancy control nois barrieers
- Slope and embankment stabilization - Injection works
- Reinforcement of excavation pits and retaining walls - Foundation of pylons and wind mills
INJECTION “GLOBALSTONE-LV50”
WATER / OIL TANK
ANCHORED REACTION BLOCK WALLS CONSIST OF
DISCRETE, ANCHORED CONCRETE BLOCKS PLACED
IN A PATTERN ON A SLOPE TO INCREASE THE
SLOPE STABILITY.
TYPICAL REPAIR SCHEME
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Step 1)
State of fact.
Loss of water to the subsurface
Step 2)
Drilling
Step 3)
Injection and consolidation of the
subsurface (1st filling)
Step 4)
Injection and consolidation of the
subsurface (2st filling)
Step 5)
Preparation for the consolidation of the wall
structure. All this can be done without locking
the flow of water (in this case potable water)
Step )
Consolidation of the wall structure.
Injection “GLOBALSTONE-LV50” TH
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INJ ECTION RESIN “GLOBALSTONE-LV50”
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RADIOACTIVE LIQUID
..life continues…
TYPICAL REPAIR SCHEME
GLOBALCHIMICA SRL is an Italian limited liability company, etablished in 1949 and
situated in Lombardore, in the North of Italy, at 20 Km from Turin and 180 Km from
Genoa, one of the bigger port of Italy. Manufacturer of chemical products for the
building, mould making and mining/tunnelling sector, Globlachimica’s factory size is of
4.500 covered square meters on a total surface of 9.700 m2.
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GLOBALCHIMICA SRL has consolidated experience on the mains markets, exporting since
1980 in Eastern Europe, North and South America, Mid East and Southeast Asia, with an export
percentage of 60 - 70 % on the total annual sales.
Internal structure of the Company is essencial but efficent. With 10 specialized employees on
the production line, team of R&D, Commercial - Export department, and Administration.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D) : GLOBALCHIMICA SRL has a modern research
and development laboratory, for controlling raw materials and finished products. This allows, to
carry out elaborate organic syntheses independently in the preparation of special raw materials
and complex formulae.
QUALITY CONTROL: Company’s main purpose is customer satisfaction. To realize this aim,
helped from equipments endowed with very high technology, products are subjected to a
process to verify that all the mains features are satisfied (Density, Viscosity, Consistency,
Dynamometer tests, FTIR and other spectral controls, Chemical analysis, etc.).
TECHNICAL COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT: E.P.C. CONSULTING SRL (Exclusive world) –
Manager: Lamanna Luigi Franco Beside internal commercial-export department, profitable is a
cooperation for Tunnelling and Mining sector with engineers and commercial assistants located
in ROME (ITALY).
CERTIFICATION : since the end of 2007, GLOBALCHIMICA SRL is working to develop ISO
9001 certification, obtained at the beginning of 2010.
Company is shared in 4 divisions :
•Tunneling and mining : Resins for stabilising ground/rock before and after conventional
digging or with TBM through injections.
•Building : GLOBALCHIMICA SRL produces a comprehensive range of paints, protective
coatings and special formulae for building and various purposes, including waterproofing road
planking, terrace roofs, car parks, tanks, aqueducts, protective coating of bridges, viaducts,
facings, forced ducts, corrosion-proofing of chemical and industrial plants; low, medium and
high thickness coating of industrial and domestic floors, structural consolidation of major
construction works (tunnels, bridges, viaducts, railways), monumental and civil restoration.
•Mould making : Production and marketing of Room Temperature Vulcanizing RTV2 silicone
rubbers and polyurethane rubbers for moulds and matrices. Epoxy formulae for moulds and
matrices.
•Defense : Production of special paints suited for protection and camouflage of military
equipments.
INDEPENDENT CONSULTANT TUNNELING , MINING AND OIL
SPECIALIZED IN MECHANIZED TUNNELING WITH HARD ROCK
TBM AND SOFT SOIL EPB SHIELDS
EXPERT AND CONSULTANT IN STRUCTURAL REINFORCEMENT
LAMANNA Luigi Franco, performs for 40 years professional consulting and technical
direction in the various sectors of civil, industrial, military, hydraulics, railway,
highway and recent years in the sector of “tunneling” and “mining” on the correct
use of special “resin” and related technologies for consolidation, repair and
maintenance of masonry, concrete, iron and wood.
Is the author of numerous scientific publications and is always engaged in the study
and development of “innovative materials” and related techniques and technologies
used.
- MAINTENANCE OF AIRPORT PAVEMENTS, ROAD TRANSPORT AND CONDUCTIVE/DISSIPATIVEPAVEMENTS
- INJECTION RESINS SYSTEM IN TUNNELLING, MINING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING
- DAMS and BRIDGS - REPAIR, PROTECTION AND REINFORCEMENT OF STRUCTURAL
CONCRETE
- SOLUTIONS FOR PRE-EXCAVATION GROUTING IN ROCK TUNNELING AND MINING
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Provide strong engineering solutions for our clients by
planning, designing and supervising construction of
infrastructure projects in the fields of energy, transportation,
resources, urban and public sector development.
- Hydropower - Tunnels
- Railways - Mining
- Roads - Bridgs
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EXPOSURE OF OUR PRODUCTS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE FAIRS
GLOBALCHIMICA srl
16-18, via del Boschetto
10040 LOMBARDORE (TORINO) – ITALY - U.E.
e-mail: info @ globalchimica.com
TECHNICAL AND COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT:
DIVISIONS:
- TUNNELLING
- MINING
- OIL
- CIVIL ENGINEERING UNDERGROUND ENG.
- TBM-EPB (GREASE-SEALANTS, SOIL CONDITIONING FOAMS AND POLIMERS)
Mr. LAMANNA LUIGI FRANCO
132, via dei Serpenti – 00184 ROME – ITALY - U.E.
E-mail: lamannaluigifranco1 @ gmail.com epc.consulting.italia @ gmail.com
Luigi Franco, Mr. LAMANNA
132, via dei Serpenti – 00184 ROME, ITALY, U.E.
INDEPENDENT TECHNICAL CONSULTANT
Tunnelling Consultant Specialized in Mechanized Tunnelling with
Hard Rock TBM and Soft Soil EPB Shields
Expert and Consultant in structural reinforcement
E-mail: lamannaluigifranco1 @ gmail.com - epc.consulting.italia @ gmail.com