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GLOBALIZATION
Outline:-
I. Introduction
II. Historical Perspective
III. What Detailed
IV. Results of Globalization
V. Shoulds / Solutions
ptions for Pa!istan
III. What is Globalization"
i. De#ocratization and inte$ration of national econo#ics b% enhancin$
trade and eli#ination barriers& #ini#izin$ the role of state throu$h
infor#ation technolo$%.
ii. 'he conver$ence and intert(inin$ of production& trade& labour and
other relations bet(een countries& and the re#oval of econo#ic
barriers. It is a spontaneous #ar!et process fuelled b% the division of
labour co#pared to a closed econo#%.
iii. ) universalized for# of life that touches on ever%one and causes
individuals to orient their actions to(ards it. *Saturation 'endenc%+
iv. ) double ed$ed s(ord& raises econo#ic $ro(th& spreads ne(
technolo$% and increases livin$ standards& but& assaults national
soverei$nt%& erodes local culture and threatens econo#ic and social
stabilit%.
v. ,cono#ic liberalization and unification as an antidote to deadl%
nationalis# coincided (ith co##unication revolution.
vi. Globalization envisa$ed the $oals of social develop#ent& reduction of
ine-ualities and povert% alleviation.
vii. eo protectionis# *Wests neo protectionis#+
a. subsidize its a$riculture
b. on0'ariff 1arriers *'1s+
*2uota S%ste#& )nti du#pin$ la(s+
c. ,nviron#ental standards
d. 3abour ri$hts
e. 4hild labour issues
f. Hu#an ri$hts
$. Intellectual Propert% Ri$hts *IPR+
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viii. Globalization is har#onization of consu#er tastes& preferences and
urban cultures.
i6. Global capital and trade (ill $o (here the% are #ost (elco#e and
productive.
6. Political 7a8ade
a. Globalization of )#erican culture
b. Hu#an ri$hts as a #ean of '1
c. Political prete6t to intervene& (here the% dee# it necessar% for
securin$ their 9ational Interest.
6i. Structural chan$es
a. 3ocal industr% failure
b. 7ar#er (ithout subsidies
c. '1 child labour& de#ocrac%
6ii. Do(nsizin$
6iii. 'ariff lo(ered
6iv. Hi$h : cheap i#ports
a. 1alance of pa%#ent *1P+
b. 1ud$et deficit
6v. ,nviron#ental issues
6vi. 4ultural onslau$ht ; ethical / #oralit%
IV. Result of Globalizationi.
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a. 7ree flo( of labour
b. 4ultural and social i#plications
c. 4ultural after#athsde#o$raphic realities
i6. 4op%ri$ht issues#oralit% and la( at odds
6. State v/s co#panies
a. Wea!enin$ of the stateinstabilit%
6i. ?aturation 'endenc%'ransfer of (ealth fro# poor countries to the
rich(idenin$ of e6istin$ $aps.
6ii. 'he developin$ countries are follo(in$ a ne( (ave of econo#ic
protectionis#. . . .
6iii. ,cono#ic of scalelo(er costs throu$h hi$her sales and production
volu#es.
6iv. 4o#panies or$anize production $loball%,.