Globalization, Globalization, SSettlement ettlement and and PostPost--Settlement Settlement

of Older and of Older and Emerging Emerging

PortuguesePortuguese--Speaking Speaking

CommunitiesCommunities

11th International Metropolis Conference11th International Metropolis Conference

Paths & Crossroads:Paths & Crossroads:

Moving People, Changing PlacesMoving People, Changing Places

22--6 October 2006 6 October 2006

LisboaLisboa, Portugal, Portugal

PresentersPresenters� Fernando Nunes

� Assistant Professor, Department of Child and Youth Study

� Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Canada

� Debbie Pacheco

� Project Manager, Viva Health

� Portuguese-Canadian National Congress, Toronto

� Cristina Santos

� Clinical Director

� Abrigo Centre, Toronto

� Cidalia Pereira

� Past President

� Portuguese Interagency Network, Toronto

� Ilda Januario

� Senior Research Officer

� Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Toronto

� Diane Cohen Reis

� Master’s Candidate, University of Ottawa

PurposePurpose

� Discuss the effects of modern-day globalized

patterns of migration on the settlement patterns, social service provision and

government policy, affecting older and

recently-emerging immigrant Lusophone

communities

Factors Accompanying Factors Accompanying Globalization Globalization

(2nd Half of 20th Century)(2nd Half of 20th Century)

� End of direct colonial control

� Termination of the cold war

� Beginning of more liberalized and diverse economic

trade

� Increase in education levels in many developing

nations

� Influence of new communication technologies

� Encroachment of neoconservative forms of

conceptualizing settlement services (end of century)

Immigration to Canada Historical Persective (1860-2002)

�Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada “Facts and Figures 2002 Immigration Overview, retrieved Sept. 29,2006 from http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/pub/facts2002/immigration/immigratihttp://www.cic.gc.ca/english/pub/facts2002/immigration/immigration_1.htmlon_1.html

Proportion of immigrants born in Europe and Proportion of immigrants born in Europe and Asia by period of immigration, Canada, to 2001Asia by period of immigration, Canada, to 2001

Source: Statistics Canada, Census data

Visible Minorities in Canada Visible Minorities in Canada 19811981--20012001

Visible Minority Groups in CanadaVisible Minority Groups in Canada19911991-- 20012001

Top Ten Ethnic Groups in Canada Top Ten Ethnic Groups in Canada 20012001

3.43.41,000,8901,000,890North American IndianNorth American Indian

3.63.61,071,0551,071,055UkrainianUkrainian

3.73.71,094,7001,094,700ChineseChinese

4.34.31,270,3691,270,369ItalianItalian

9.39.32,742,7652,742,765GermanGerman

12.912.93,822,6603,822,660IrishIrish

14.014.04,157,2154,157,215ScottishScottish

15.815.84,668,4104,668,410FrenchFrench

20.220.25,978,8755,978,875EnglishEnglish

39.439.411,682,68011,682,680CanadianCanadian

100.0100.029,639,030 29,639,030 Total populationTotal population

%%NumberNumber

20012001

Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada. (2006). 2005 Immigration Overview. The Monitor, Issue 2.

Downloaded from: http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/monitor/issue13/05-overview.html. Sept. 29, 2006.

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Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada. (2006). 2005 Immigration Overview. The

Monitor, Issue 2. Downloaded from: http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/monitor/issue13/05-

overview.html. Sept. 29, 2006.

Influences of Globalization on Influences of Globalization on immigrationimmigration

�� Ease of communication and travel promotes Ease of communication and travel promotes maintenance of linkages to homelandmaintenance of linkages to homeland

�� Lessens Lessens ““culture shockculture shock””

�� Promotes responsibility of governments in Promotes responsibility of governments in country of origincountry of origin

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Ship Ship ““SaturniaSaturnia””First official Boatload of Portuguese ImmigrantsFirst official Boatload of Portuguese Immigrants

Portuguese and Portuguese and Lusophone Lusophone Immigrants Immigrants

963,325963,325867,355867,3551,830,6801,830,6801,041,4951,041,495936,275936,275745,565745,565894,465894,4655,448,4805,448,4805,647,1255,647,125Total with Total with

POB dataPOB data

1010101015150000000020202020Sao Tome & Sao Tome &

PrincipePrincipe

656511511518518525525538038030301010865865890890MozambiqueMozambique

001010101010101010000025255050Guinea Guinea

BissauBissau

101000151510101515000040404040East TimorEast Timor

15151001001151159595110110101000320320325325Cape VerdeCape Verde

3,3703,3702,6302,6305,9955,9952,3452,3451,7651,7651,0901,09050050011,70011,70013,45513,455BrazilBrazil

425425245245670670450450615615404010101,7851,7852,4702,470AngolaAngola

2,8752,8757,9057,90510,78510,78531,99031,99055,40055,40044,59044,59010,77510,775153,535153,535155,770155,770PortugalPortugal

9696--01019191--95959191--01018181--90907171--80806161--7070Before 61Before 61Immigrant Immigrant

PopulationPopulation

Total Total

Immigrant Immigrant

& Non& Non--

Permanent Permanent

Resident, Resident,

20012001

CanadaCanada

2001 Canadian Census, Immigration Population and Period of Immigration

Issues to Consider Issues to Consider LusoLuso--CanadiansCanadians

�� High percentages of PortugueseHigh percentages of Portuguese--Canadian Canadian youth are dropping outyouth are dropping out�� Are integrating into an underclass in Canada, Are integrating into an underclass in Canada,

U.S. and BritainU.S. and Britain

�� Community continues to use settlement Community continues to use settlement services, into 2nd and 3rd generationsservices, into 2nd and 3rd generations

�� Community has a negligible and often Community has a negligible and often disparaged profile in Canadian societydisparaged profile in Canadian society

Commonalities amongst Commonalities amongst LusophonesLusophones

�� LanguageLanguage

�� Common cultural traditions, ex. Common cultural traditions, ex. CarnavalCarnaval

�� Emphasis on the familyEmphasis on the family

�� Similar religious background Similar religious background �� Moderated, in some cases, by other beliefsModerated, in some cases, by other beliefs

�� Intertwined historical linkages Intertwined historical linkages

Differences Amongst Differences Amongst LusophonesLusophones

�� VisibleVisible vsvs. invisible minority status. invisible minority status�� Education levelsEducation levels�� Immigration statusImmigration status�� Occupational categoriesOccupational categories�� Rural Rural vsvs. urban origins. urban origins�� Racial heterogeneity Racial heterogeneity vsvs. homogeneity. homogeneity�� Refugee originsRefugee origins�� Separation from extended familySeparation from extended family�� Differing interpretations of historical eventsDiffering interpretations of historical events

IssuesIssuesNonNon--Portuguese Portuguese LusophonesLusophones

�� Many live within the PortugueseMany live within the Portuguese--Canadian Canadian communitycommunity

�� Are served by its institutionsAre served by its institutions

�� Encounter racism from both PortugueseEncounter racism from both Portuguese--Canadian, as well as mainstream Canadian, as well as mainstream communitiescommunities

Questions to RaiseQuestions to Raise

�� What is integration?What is integration?�� How do we measure it?How do we measure it?

�� Does a common language imply ease of service Does a common language imply ease of service from settlement services?from settlement services?

�� Should the Portuguese be considered visible or Should the Portuguese be considered visible or invisible minorities?invisible minorities?

�� What is the criteria upon which the designated What is the criteria upon which the designated groups of the Canadian governmentgroups of the Canadian government’’s employment s employment equity policy are determined?equity policy are determined?

Brief on Undocumented WorkersBrief on Undocumented WorkersPortuguesePortuguese--Canadian National CongressCanadian National Congress

CROSS-CANADA HEARINGS

ON CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION

UNDOCUMENTED WORKERS Š AN ISSUE OF PARTICULARRELEVANCE TO CANADIAN RESIDENTS OF PORTUGUESE ORIGIN

Orlando da Silva Santos B.A. LL.B. M.B.A.

MADE IN CANADA Š DEPORTATION OF NON-CITIZENS

Katherine da Motta Ponte

Barrister and Solicitor

Marshall E. Drukarsh

Barrister and Solicitor

Certified by the Law Society of Upper Canada

as a Specialist in Citizenship and Immigration Law

PORTUGUESE CANADIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

Toronto, March 30, 2005

PortuguesePortuguese--Canadian Canadian National National Congress Congress Working Paper on Working Paper on DeporteesDeportees

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