Globalization and the Globalization and the New ObscurityNew Obscurity

What is Globalization? Process of interdependence

A) People

B) States

C) Economics

D) Ecologies

E) Cultures

Greater Cooperation but also Greater Fragmentation

Historical background Buzz word first used in the 80’s Early forms of Globalization: Colonialism and Mercantilism Spread of Religion Industrial Revolution International Laws and Organizations 16th century Westphalia treaty

1900 International Court of Arbitration- Peace Palace

1919 League of Nations

1945 United Nations

Post WWII- WTO, IMF, EU, UN

Patterns of GlobalizationI. Political

State sovereignty-crisis of nation-state-domestic-foreign frontier

Problem Solving-”Think globally” Degree of International Organization-many exist but relatively powerless-dominated by western states

State of International Relation-still in cold war paradigm

II. Economic

Trade & Production

-Supply has surpassed demand

-International trade has decreased dramatically

Investment

-large stakes owned by foreign nations

Financial markets

-In a situation of extreme debt and lack of liquidity

Labor Market

-workers compete globally

Absolute freedom of goods and trade do not exist.

International org. regulate trade Both EU and USA advocate protectionism Technical division of labor has replaced

social aspect-”Digital Divide” Trans-national corp. being replaced by

Foreign direct investment (FDI)

Contradictions:

III. Cultural-Religion

Creates increased fragmentation-Ethnicity

Ethno-nationalism & SupranationalismInward looking mono-cultural view (not

pluralistic)-Consumer PreferencesDeveloped /underdevelopedMedia

Global distribution of images and info.CNN & Al Jazeera

III. Ecological Environmental protection -Global concern growing-Global action is distant and insufficient

Use of resources-Exhaustive patterns of use of resources.

Population

Wealth

CO2 Emissions

Conclusions

Shared interests hold globalization together Interest divergence will create - neo-

colonialism Choice—Cooperation or Fragmentation?