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Globalization and International RelationsPresented by: Afifa JamilMaham Faraz AbbasiManahal FatimaSaima Hassan

Globalization and IRThis can be understood by two elementsthe opening of borders to increasingly fast flows of goods, services, finance, people and ideas across international bordersthe changes in institutional and policy regimes at the international and national levels that facilitate or promote such flows

Increased in recent yearsdriven by technological advances and the reduced cost of making exchanges across borders and distancesPrecise definition differs

GlobalizationA process of growing interdependence that represents a fundamental change from a world of individual and independent states to a world of state interdependence.Both positive and negative effectsInterdependence refers to?Interdependence is often used synonymously with globalization.

Results; Political, cultural, social and economical changeThe term globalization also includes change through the spread of ideas, information and perceptions which lead to cultural and social changes.Global Village; in which every person of the world is connected to each other somehow.

Cultural GlobalizationMaham Faraz Abbasi

DefinitionCultural globalizationrefers to the transmission of ideas, meanings and values around the world in such a way as to extend and intensify social relations. This process is marked by the common consumption of culturesthat have been diffused by the Internet, popularculturemedia, and international travel.

ExamplesMeditationFoodFashionFestivalsAny other example?

Influence of Globalization on CulturePositive Influence:Not all cultures born in one civilizationWorld ; combination of different culturesPeople of one culture ; pick up other practicesSocieties have become large ; accept other people from other culturesCooking , music , fashion all spread; globalizationCommunication b/w different culture; creativity

Diversity has been valued and promoted by IOExample?Example:Jerash festival in Jordan

Negative Influence multinational corporations; promoting a consumer culture,exploitationof workers and markets and influencing societal valuesGlobal access to information; opened way to acquire cultural property Songs, dance etc local cultures are ignored

Examples:1997 MTV dominated local televisionsColonization of Latin America

Cultural Globalization and IRIR has used globalization to reach its goal of understanding culturesfocus on how countries, people and organizations interact and globalization is making a profound effect on International relations.They are interdependentA country need all these to become powerful and influential

Cultures are diminished and preservedThe popular cultures are used to benefit the majority and create solutions to various issues.

Social Globalization

By Afifa Jamil

definedas the intensification of worldwidesocialrelations which link distant localities in a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away.Social globalization pertains to human interaction within communities

Social Networking sites-Facebook, is the digital mapping of people's real-world social connections that has more than 900 million active users on the site-Communication can be delivered in the form of text, audio, or video.- Global exchange of views, opinions and ideas.

Social Globalization is encompassing topics like :FamilyReligionEducation

Family

Familytransfer of family values and concepts of people of different societies around the world.Leads to change in family morals and thinking.

Positive effectsRise of feminism has helped reshape the concepts about womens status.Allowed to do jobsTraditional views about women removed

Negative effectsPeople have bigger perceptions about the perfect life and hence aim to leave extended families in order to go to different areas and do jobs for progress. elderly being left to fend for themselves at a time when family support becomes more crucial.are impacting relationships of marriage and commitment example: Germany recorded the lowest birthrate in the world from 2008 to 2013

Religion

ReligionDue to social globalization the ideas and beliefs of different religions are portrayed to people all around the worldhelping in awareness of the needs and customs of people of different religions

Positive EffectsGlobalization brings a culture of pluralismreligions maintain the Golden Rule: what you do not wish done to yourself, do not do to others.globalization engenders greater religious tolerance in such areas as politics, economics, and society.Social globalization has built global political forums that integrate cultural, ethnic, and religious differences example: UN (united nations) and OIC (organization of Islamic Council)

Negative effects worshiping ways and practices contradict and are mostly incompatible with each otherSuch religions tend, as a result, to be more inclined towards clashes and competitionGlobalization can also lead to portraying negative images of religions due to television Globalization is not only seen as a rival of Islamic ways, but also as an alien force divorced from Muslim realities- Anoushirvan

Education

Educationrapid developments in technology and communications are foreseeing changes within learning systems across the worldIdeas, values and knowledge, changing the roles of students and teachers

Positive effectsincreasing access to the worldis shaping children, the future citizens of the world into global citizensintelligent people with a broad range of skills and knowledge to apply to a competitive, information based societyintroduction of technology into the classroom is changing the nature of delivering education

Negative Effectssecond and third worlds have adopted educational ideals from western thought and are anxious to appear modern and therefore promote education as a symbol of modernityhas become common as the demand for high quality goods has risen

Economic Globalization Presented by: Manahal Fatima

The picture says it all

What is Economic Globalization?:Phenomenon in which economy of a country depends on another countryCountries interchange resourcesEXTREMELY important role of economic relations between countriesWHO, IMF, EU, WTO, UN etc play an important roleInternational Trade: exchange of services and goodsExamples?

Effects a countrys policies and lawsWTO supervises trades

Advantages of Economic Globalization:Increase in productivityEconomic growthInternational peaceCultural awareness

Disadvantages of Economic Globalization:Depletion of resourcesViolation of human rightsPower politicsExamples? Threat to local marketExamples? Interdependence

Aspects of Economic Globalization and IR:Easier transport of goodsCross-border employmentFree tradeReduction in cultural barriers, effective for economic globalizationFaster flow of information; economic relations are dependent of information

Effects of Economic Globalization on Developing Countries:Positive Effects:Increased standard of livingAccess to newer marketsIntroduction to newer technologiesStability

Negative Effects:Widening disparity in incomeExpansion of gap between countriesNo fair trade

Examples of Economic Globalization?Parts of automobiles being assembled in United States while coming from JapanA shirt sold in France could have been made from Chinese cotton by workers in ThailandDozens of Asian restaurants in a western countryA fashion trend in Europe can come all the way to Pakistan

Political Globalizationby:Saima Hassan

What is Political Globalization?

Increasing trend toward multilateralism, toward an emerging transnational state apparatus, and toward the emergence of national and international nongovernmental organizations that act as watchdogs over governments and have increased their activities and influence

Examples of Political Globalization

European Union (EU)Intergovernmental agencies like the: International Monetary Fund (IMF)World Trade Organization (WTO)United Nations (EU)

Introduction of Political Globalization

At the political makeup of the international system, there have been a number of new institutions and organizations, such as international alliance institutionsThe rise of non-state actors has brought a new dimension to international politicsPolitical globalization refers to the increasing number and power of humanassociations

ContinueThrough political globalization governments can absorb the experiences from other countriesFor example, today, china has learnt Open political psychology and democratic political conception from other countriesPolitical globalization accelerates the conflict between east and west. For example: Some governments will distort correct values; even support other country's terrorist forces

Political Globalization Takes Place on Three Levels

In international agreements and contracts(also: governmental agreements) In international organizations (governmental and non-governmental) Around the world as a result of the internet communication system

Global Political Issues Mean Global Political Institutions

State economies and cultures have become connectedGlobal political issues are emerging such as: Terrorism, Climate Change, Disease, International Business, and International CrimeGlobal political institutions are developed in an effort to help create global goals for all states and to coordinate international efforts Some of these institutions include: IMF, WTO, UN and WHO

Non-Governmental Organizations Amnesty International, Free the Children, and GreenpeaceAll fight for a specific cause by placing increased pressure on state Governments and CorporationsGoal is improving policies and Government actionsAs an example, an organization may use the media and peaceful protests to draw attention to a specific issue

Global Governance

A movement towards political integration of transnational actors Aim is negotiating responses to problems that affect more than one state or regionInstitutions of global governance are: United Nations, the International Criminal Court, the World Bank

Political Globalization on the Municipal and Provincial Level

Between various sub state authoritiesAn example of international cooperation on the municipal level is the rise of powerful city networkGlobal cities like Tokyo, London, New York and Singapore tend to be more closely connected to each other then they are too many cities in their home countries

Political Globalization on the Regional Level

Proliferation of multilateral organization and agreementsFor example, the European Community began in 1950 with French Foreign Minister Robert Schumans Half a century later, 15 member states have formed a close community with political institution

Political Globalization on a Global Level

International organizations including the UN, NATO and WTOThese organizations is open to state only, and the decision making authority lies with representatives from nation governance

Pros of Political Globalization

Access to international aid and supportIt contributes toworld peaceSmaller countries can work together and gain more influence internationally International organizationsare often committed to spread values like freedom and to fight abuses within countriesGovernments can learn from each other

Cons of Political Globalization

State sovereignty is reducedThe functioning of international and supranational organizations is often not democraticBig countries can shape decisions in supranational organizationsSometimes countries can veto decisions

Critical Analysis

Globalization has both positive and negative effectsA positive view of globalization is that it has the potential to increase productivity and living standards everywhere It increases the GDP of a countryIt increases the global village effect

The greatest disadvantage of globalization is the uneven distribution of wealth Cultural values of a nation are also lost in the process of globalization Globalization has eradicated the concept of self-dependency of a nation Considering all the aspects, globalization does more harm than good to any country

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