“Global Water-Based EOR Potential is Estimated at 750 Billion Barrels” - Shell

WATER-BASED ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY(EOR)

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ENHANCING OIL PRODUCTION Water-based EOR improves oil recovery over the life of a field.

REDEFINING WATER TREATMENT FOR THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY H2Ocean SpectrumTM technology allows operators to optimize oil recovery from maturing reservoirs by customizing water qualities on demand throughout reservoir life. This technology is the first of its kind to facilitate the shift between techniques such as Sulphate Removal to EOR seamlessly without changing process systems.

“Global Water-Based EOR Potential is Estimated at 750 Billion Barrels” - Shell

WATER-BASED ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY(EOR)

ADDRESSING THE INCREASING COST of exploration

MATURING RESERVOIRS extending life where production has peaked

MEETING MORE STRINGENT ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

DELIVERING CONSISTENT QUALITYof reservoir water chemistry

OVERCOMINGFOOTPRINT LIMITATIONS

AVOIDING THE HIGH COST of decommissioning

3 OVERCOMING KEY CHALLENGES As primary recovery techniques reach their full potential, secondary and tertiary technologies are being implemented to extend oil field life.

Production Plateau Production Decline Curve - BASE CASE Production Decline Curve w/EOR Increased Oil Recovered w/EOR

EOR Operation Threshold

BASE CASE Operation Threshold

BASE CASE Production Shutdown

EOR Production Shutdown

Increase Field Life w/EORTIME FIELD LIFE

OIL

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T“We are excited with all the piloting results and the range and flexibility of the H2Ocean SpectrumTM technology. This technology allows us to manage the changing challenges of a reservoir’s water chemistry and closely control hardness and salinity in the treated water to match any reservoir geochemistry.” - Amanda Brock, CEO of Water Standard

FLEXIBLE & INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONWater Standard’s proprietary H2Ocean SpectrumTM technology is a turnkey solution that can adjust output water quality on demand for:

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CUSTOMIZABLE throughout the life of a reservoir

FLEXIBLE AND ROBUST engineering design

ADDRESSES THE RANGE OF WATERFLOOD TECHNIQUES like chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR), low salinity injection, or sulphate removal packages (SRP)

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HARDNESSMg

Intake Screens Seawater

Intake Pumps Coarse

Screens

Membrane Filtration

NF Pumps

RO Pumps

SeawaterNanofiltration

Energy Recovery

Device

NF Membrane

Brine Disposal

• WATER QUALITY ADJUSTMENTS ON-DEMAND

• CONSISTENT QUALITY OF INJECTION WATER AT EVERY PHASE

• FLEXIBLE & SCALABLE FOOTPRINT

• ALLOWS OPERATORS GREATER FLEXIBILITY IN OPEX AND CAPEX PLANNING

FEATURES & BENEFITS

H2Ocean SpectrumTM Technology for Maximizing Oil Recovery

INSIDE THE TECHNOLOGY

This proprietary technology efficiently manages the source and produced-water quality to reduce downtime, optimize recovery, and improve the commercial viability of a project. This is a scalable and flexible design, making it suitable for a variety of applications for varying levels of size and complexity.

SeawaterReverse Osmosis

Smart Control System

Water Quality

Sodium Meta- Bisulfite

From ProductionFacilities

Produced WaterReinjection (PWRI)

RO Membrane

AlkaliSurfactant

Low Salinity

CEOR Injection

SRS

High-Pressure Pumps

Permeate Storage Tank

Deaeration

Permeate Storage Tank

Polymer

Permeate Storage Tank

• REDUCES CORROSION AND SOURING

• FACILITATES TRANSITIONING BETWEEN EOR TECHNOLOGIES WITHOUT THE NEED TO RETROFIT

INSID

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APPLICATIONSFull Spectrum of Water-Injection Options For EOR

APPLICATIONS

Producer Producer

Injector

Onshore modules/packages for treating water for sulphate reduction, low-salinity, or CEOR waterflooding

Onshore Water Treatment

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The H2Ocean SpectrumTM technology integrates proven water-treatment and desalination technologies into an innovative configuration that allows operators to address challenges associated with EOR applications in a safe, cost-effective, and reliable manner. This technology provides operators with greater flexibility in planning for project development and helps eliminate or mitigate the potential need to retrofit existing facilities as reservoir needs change while maximizing oil recovery over the life of the field.

Offshore modules/packages for treating water and ASP chemical mixing/injection for CEOR or low salinity waterflooding

Offshore Water Treatment CEOR or Low Salinity VesselsOffshore modules/packages for treating water for sulphate reduction, CEOR, or low-salinity waterflooding

Solutions that Increase Production While Protecting the Environment

WATER STANDARD

CustomizedTechnology

Operations Services

Project Execution

Engineering Studies

Comprehensive Water Treatment

Solutions

By leveraging its patented H2Ocean SpectrumTM desalination technology to produce customized water that is compatible with unique reservoir chemistries, oil recovery can be maximized through every phase of injection in an environmentally preferred manner.

ALLOWING OPERATORS TO REDUCE DOWNTIME, LOWER COSTS, AND REMAIN FOCUSED ON PRODUCTION, WATER STANDARD DELIVERS COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT SOLUTIONS & DESIGNS FOR EOR AND PRODUCED WATER CHALLENGES

ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE SOLUTIONS

Water–based EOR Produced Water Treatment

and Re-InjectionWater Services

Ancillary Services for EOR Vessels

• Conventional waterflood

• Sulphate-reduced waterflood

• Low-salinity and customized waterflood

• Hybrid sulphate-reduced/low-salinity systems

• CEOR using customized make-up water for any stage of flood

• Treatment of produced water for use with CEOR or other water-based EOR

• Treatment prior to discharge or re-injection

• Emulsions treatment

• Process water for drilling, conditioning muds, and slop water treatment

• Potable and sanitary water

• Washwater supply for desalting crude

• Storage capacity for chemicals or other needs

• Additional accommodations

• Supplemental power supply to rigs and subsea structures

• Chemical mixing

• Operations and maintenance

STRATEGIC DELIVERABLES Maximum Flexibility and Operability

“Water Standard of the US has been roped in for the pioneering vessel-based Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (CEOR) project at the Angsi field, which is jointly operated by Petronas and ExxonMobil.”

- Upstream, The International Oil & Gas Newspaper

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• Proprietary, patented designs

• Contract flexibility including lease or sale with O & M support

• Rapidly deployable solutions

• Flexibility to serve multiple production facilities

• Project execution and implementation planning

• Expertise in water and membrane management services

• Opportunity to pilot new systems prior to making full- scale capital requirements

• Proven safety and reliability

MAILING ADDRESS4265 San Felipe, Suite 620Houston, TX 77027

PHONE+1 (713) 400-4777

FAX+1 (713) 400-4779

EMAILinfo@waterstandard.com