Maintaining Global Freedom from Rinderpest International Meeting • 20-22 January 2016 • Rome, Italy

Global Surveillance and Rumour trackingGlobal Surveillance and Rumour trackingJulio PintoJulio PintoAnimal Health Officer, GLEWSAnimal Health Officer, GLEWSAGAAGA

Maintaining Global Freedom from Rinderpest International Meeting • 20-22 January 2016 • Rome, Italy

Contents

• Rinderpest – clinical signs and susceptible species• Disease tracking of RP like events• GLEWS+ and Verification• FAO’s work• Disease reporting/Risk Assessment

Maintaining Global Freedom from Rinderpest International Meeting • 20-22 January 2016 • Rome, Italy

Rinderpest - OIE - Also known as cattle plague- is a contagious viral disease affecting cloven hoofed animals - caused by a virus of the family Paramyxoviridae, genus

Morbillivirus.

- Species affected:- Main susceptible species: Cattle and buffalo- Others: zebus, water buffaloes, African buffaloes, eland, kudu,

wildebeest, various antelopes, bush pigs, warthogs, giraffes, sheep, and goats.

Maintaining Global Freedom from Rinderpest International Meeting • 20-22 January 2016 • Rome, Italy

Clinical signs- Variable clinical manifestations across species:

- No clinical signs of disease (some wild animals)- Milder symptoms in wild and domestic animals (sheep and goats)- High mortality rates(up to 100 %) in highly susceptible species cattle

or buffalo herds.

Maintaining Global Freedom from Rinderpest International Meeting • 20-22 January 2016 • Rome, Italy

Clinical signs in CattleIn cattle, the most susceptible species, classical signs of the disease include

fever, erosive lesions in the mouth, discharge from the nose and eyes, profuse diarrhea, and dehydration, often leading to death within 10 to 15 days. In other species rinderpest may show milder clinical signs.

If we follow this syndromic description we would expect to have frequent reports of events associated with fever, erosions,

discharge, dehydratation and death.

Maintaining Global Freedom from Rinderpest International Meeting • 20-22 January 2016 • Rome, Italy

• To follow this events and tracking rumors using: official and non official sources.• OIE/FAO/WHO developed GLEWS: Program to improve global surveillance and

joint coordination to track and verify disease events of epidemiological significance• GLEWS+ covers Livestock diseases and Zoonosis• GLEWS+ health events:

1.first occurrence or recurrence of an event:– unusual phenomenon for the area or season,– event associated with an unknown hazard,– new host or new vector able to transmit disease;

2.emerging threat with significant human or animal mortality or morbidity or with zoonotic potential;

3. potential for transboundary spread;

4.potential impact on international travel or trade.

Disease tracking

Maintaining Global Freedom from Rinderpest International Meeting • 20-22 January 2016 • Rome, Italy

Maintaining Global Freedom from Rinderpest International Meeting • 20-22 January 2016 • Rome, Italy

- A total of 67 signals (unexplained mortality, morbidity in wild and domestic ruminants, camelidae, wild boar, warthogs…) were entered in EMPRES-i. - 86% are detected via media.

Number of signals of increased unexplained mortality and/or morbidity (EMPRES-i 2010-2015)

Maintaining Global Freedom from Rinderpest International Meeting • 20-22 January 2016 • Rome, Italy

• GLEWS work with networks (FAO/OIE/WHO)• Challenges to maintain reporting of suspicions and

awareness because:- RP elimination achieved- New generation of veterinarians and technicians that

do not know the disease- Lacking epidemiology field capacities to investigate

outbreaks in the field or advice how to send samples if needed

- Other incentives

Maintaining Global Freedom from Rinderpest International Meeting • 20-22 January 2016 • Rome, Italy

- Disease intelligence - FAO meeting (twice a week)-Update distributed to partners (OIE/WHO, others)

Maintaining Global Freedom from Rinderpest International Meeting • 20-22 January 2016 • Rome, Italy

What FAO is doing?-Tracking and verification through GLEWS and OIE-Training (February 2016, West Africa/DTRA support on Component G of Rinderpest project), field outbreak disease investigation and RP awareness-Risk assessment (potential release form laboratories keeping RP virus), 24 countries, risk release, exposure and consequences. Output a global risk map.-Based on risk assessment, awareness and vigilance, reporting unusual mortalities and follow up/verification-Enabling rapid disease reporting-Support to shipment of samples but where?

Maintaining Global Freedom from Rinderpest International Meeting • 20-22 January 2016 • Rome, Italy

National Animal Disease Reporting FAO Event Mobile Application (EMA-i)

A tool designed to support animal health systems for rapid disease reporting and strengthening surveillance

To collect and report real-time epidemiological data from the field;

To safely store epidemiological data in one database – EMPRES-i platform;

To access/visualize on a map geo referenced data of outbreaks from the field and available in the EMPRES-i database (“Near me”);

To analyse disease reports (charts...); To generate reports (PDF, e-mail

notifications) automatically from the system.

Maintaining Global Freedom from Rinderpest International Meeting • 20-22 January 2016 • Rome, Italy

Rinderpest risk assessment

Aims to build on previous RA work:-Semi-QRA (Fourniere et al.2014) :

- Risk of at least one animal host becoming infected and infectious anywhere in the world during the next year

-New aims:- Further develop RA to assess

country level risk - Develop a global risk map for

rinderpest based on available data