GLOBAL STUDIESGLOBAL STUDIESTHE HISTORY OF THE WORLDTHE HISTORY OF THE WORLD

in about… 9 months!in about… 9 months!

““The Book of The Book of Secrets”Secrets”

Failure has a thousand explanations. Failure has a thousand explanations. Success doesn't need one.Success doesn't need one.

Activery►Which is better: chocolate or vanilla?

►Which is better: chocolate, vanilla, or jubille?

►Why?►How do you know?►What is

Ethnocentrism?► Is it possible for you

to escape ethnocentrism?

►What is education?►What is the purpose?► “You cannot compare,

what you do not understand”

The past cannot be The past cannot be changed,changed,

the future is still in your the future is still in your power.power.

- Hugh White -- Hugh White -

PrehistorPrehistory y Unit 1Unit 1

WORLD HISTORYDates Cheat Sheet

►B.C.B.C.

►A.D.A.D.

►B.C.EB.C.E..

►C.E.C.E.

►c.c.

► BBefore efore CChristhrist ► AAnno nno DDominiomini Year of Our Year of Our

LordLord

► BBefore the efore the CCommon ommon EErara

► CCommon ommon EErara

► CCirca irca “around…”“around…”

1.1. What does it mean to “Study”?What does it mean to “Study”? a) “Review our notes”a) “Review our notes”b) “Re-Read Chapterb) “Re-Read Chapterc) “Work really hard”c) “Work really hard”

2. What skills are we working on? 2. What skills are we working on?

3. Who believes they are not good test 3. Who believes they are not good test takers?takers?a) Why? a) Why? b) What is your process?b) What is your process?

4. What skill do tests require of us?4. What skill do tests require of us?a) RECALLa) RECALLb) How do we work on RECALL? b) How do we work on RECALL?

11stst Quarter Quarter ThemesThemes

1.1. What is LIFE?What is LIFE? a) What do humans need to survive?a) What do humans need to survive?b) What is the environment?b) What is the environment?

2. 2. What is CULTURE?What is CULTURE?a) Way of life, traditions, customs,a) Way of life, traditions, customs,b) Why have culture? b) Why have culture?

► Human Needs + Environment Human Needs + Environment = =

► CultureCulture

Speaking of water…Speaking of water…Approximately 70 percent of the earth is covered by water. Approximately 70 percent of the earth is covered by water. Only 1 percent of this water is drinkable.Only 1 percent of this water is drinkable.

The First HumansHow do we know if this “ancient stuff” really happened?

Archaeology The study of past societies through an

analysis of what people left behind them.

AnthropologyThe study of how humans live

Scientific methods for excavations Radiocarbon datingMethod of analysis that calculates the

ages of objects by measuring the amount of carbon left in an object

Thermo luminescence dating Method of analysis that dates an

object by measuring the light given off by electrons trapped in surrounding fossils and artifacts

Deoxyribonucleic acid testsGenetic tests providing information on

human evolution

The Earliest Humans

HominidsThe earliest human like

creatures in Africa. Also known by the name of Australopithecines. (Apes)

Homo ErectusNeanderthals - The

first homo-sapiens Homo sapiens-

sapiens“Wise-wise human

being”

Hunters and GatherersHunters and Gatherers“Lets go get some tools”“Lets go get some tools”

► Paleolithic Age

► Mesolithic Age

► Neolithic Age

► Bronze Age

► ““Old Stone Age”- usage Old Stone Age”- usage of simple toolsof simple tools

► ““Middle Stone”-gradual Middle Stone”-gradual shift from food gathering shift from food gathering and hunting economy to and hunting economy to a food producing onea food producing one

► ““New Stone”- shift from New Stone”- shift from hunting to systematic hunting to systematic agricultureagriculture

► Adding of copper and tin Adding of copper and tin to tools.to tools.

Neolithic Neolithic RevolutionRevolution

► The single most important development in The single most important development in human history?human history?

►Neolithic farming villagesNeolithic farming villages There are numerous Neolithic villages that “pop There are numerous Neolithic villages that “pop

up” across the globe at different times… We will up” across the globe at different times… We will focus on two of them: focus on two of them: JerichoJericho and and Catal HuyukCatal Huyuk

► We clearly see the positives of the Agricultural We clearly see the positives of the Agricultural Revolution, but what are the Revolution, but what are the consequencesconsequences of the of the Agricultural Revolution?Agricultural Revolution?

The Birth of The Birth of CivilizationCivilization

CivilizationCivilizationA complex culture in which large numbers of human beings A complex culture in which large numbers of human beings

share a number of commonalties.share a number of commonalties.

6 Basic Characteristics of Civilizations6 Basic Characteristics of Civilizations► Rise of citiesRise of cities

► Growth of governmentsGrowth of governments► Role of religionRole of religion

► New social structureNew social structure► Use of writingUse of writing► Artistic activityArtistic activity

Early Writing ComplaintsEarly Writing Complaints

The First The First CivilizationsCivilizations

Mesopotamia & Mesopotamia & EgyptEgypt

Unit 2Unit 2

Mesopotamia Mesopotamia RegionRegion

“The land between the “The land between the rivers”rivers”

ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT► Tigris and Euphrates Tigris and Euphrates

RiversRivers► Present Day Country Present Day Country

of Iraqof Iraq► Flooding along the Flooding along the

banks of the riverbanks of the river► Irregularity of Irregularity of

flooding created flooding created insecurityinsecurity

► Zero natural barriers Zero natural barriers ► Mud and dirt is Mud and dirt is

abundant in the area.abundant in the area.

NEEDSNEEDS► IrrigationIrrigation►Zero natural Zero natural

barriers enabled barriers enabled “raiders” to “raiders” to sweep in sweep in continuallycontinually

►Walls were Walls were created for created for defensedefense

Mesopotamian SocietyMesopotamian Society

ReligionReligion TheocracyGovernment ruled by divine Government ruled by divine

authorityauthority PolytheisticBelief in many gods and Belief in many gods and

goddessesgoddesses Ziggurat Temples were often built Temples were often built

upon this massive upon this massive stepped tower.stepped tower.

*Ziggurats were also used *Ziggurats were also used for food storagefor food storage

Culture and Culture and ScienceScience

Patriarchal Patriarchal

Led and dominated Led and dominated by menby men

Cuneiform writing Cuneiform writing c.c. 3000 B.C.3000 B.C.

““wedge shaped”wedge shaped”

--

Cuneiform TabletsCuneiform Tablets

Babylonian tablet from 87 B.C. reports the arrival of the comet now known as Halley.

The The SumeriansSumerians3000 B.C. – 2340 B.C.3000 B.C. – 2340 B.C.

► Creators of the first Mesopotamian Creators of the first Mesopotamian civilizationcivilization

► Formed city-statesFormed city-states► City-states Cities with political and economic control Cities with political and economic control

over the surrounding countrysideover the surrounding countryside► The archThe arch► The domeThe dome► The wheel c. 3000 B.C. The wheel c. 3000 B.C. ► Sumerian city-states contained three Sumerian city-states contained three

major classesmajor classes1) Nobles 2) Commoners 3) Slaves1) Nobles 2) Commoners 3) Slaves

The The AkkadiansAkkadians

2340 B.C. – 1792 B.C.2340 B.C. – 1792 B.C.

► SargonSargon overruns Sumerian city-states overruns Sumerian city-states► The Akkadians set up the first empire in The Akkadians set up the first empire in

world historyworld history►Which is easier, to create an Empire or to Which is easier, to create an Empire or to

maintain it? Why? maintain it? Why?

Babylon under Babylon under HammurabiHammurabi1792 B.C. - 1750 B.C.1792 B.C. - 1750 B.C.

► Hammurabi comes to Hammurabi comes to

powerpower► Hammurabi is best Hammurabi is best

known for his law codeknown for his law code► The Code of HammurabiThe Code of Hammurabi► Principle of RetaliationPrinciple of Retaliation► ““Eye for an Eye”Eye for an Eye”► Do you agree with Do you agree with

Hammurabi’s principle? Hammurabi’s principle? ► ““When tempted to fight When tempted to fight

fire with fire, remember fire with fire, remember that the Fire that the Fire Department usually Department usually uses water.”uses water.”

Interesting NuggetsInteresting Nuggets

► It was the accepted practice in Babylon 4,000 It was the accepted practice in Babylon 4,000 years ago that for a monthyears ago that for a monthafter the wedding, the bride's father would supply after the wedding, the bride's father would supply his son-in-law with all the mead he could drink. his son-in-law with all the mead he could drink.

► Mead is a honey beer and because their calendar Mead is a honey beer and because their calendar was lunar based, this period was called the honey was lunar based, this period was called the honey month, which we know today as the honeymoon.month, which we know today as the honeymoon.

The First CivilizationsThe First CivilizationsEgyptEgypt

EgyptEgyptTHE ENVIRONMENTTHE ENVIRONMENT

► Like Mesopotamia, the Like Mesopotamia, the Egyptian civilization is Egyptian civilization is also a river valleyalso a river valley

► The Nile River- The The Nile River- The longest river in the worldlongest river in the world

► Unlike the floods of Unlike the floods of Mesopotamia’s rivers, the Mesopotamia’s rivers, the flooding was predictableflooding was predictable

► Unlike Mesopotamia, Unlike Mesopotamia, Egypt had excellent Egypt had excellent natural barriers.natural barriers.

► Deserts to the west and Deserts to the west and east, cataracts to the east, cataracts to the south, and the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the Mediterranean Sea to the NorthNorth

► These barriers did not These barriers did not prevent trading however.prevent trading however.

ReligionReligion► PolytheisticPolytheistic► OsirisOsiris► Look at Osiris… What Look at Osiris… What

symbols are present? symbols are present? What do they What do they represent? represent?

► Try to figure out the Try to figure out the importance Osiris importance Osiris serves in Egyptian serves in Egyptian societysociety

► A symbol of A symbol of resurrectionresurrection

► What purpose doe What purpose doe religion serve in religion serve in society?society?

► Believers vs. Non-Believers vs. Non-believersbelievers

"For those who believe, no proof is necessary. For those who don't believe, no proof is possible." Stuart Chase

EgyptianEgyptianReligionReligion

► Re (Ra) is shown Re (Ra) is shown below. below.

► Who is this? Who is this? How do you How do you know?know?

Egyptian Society Egyptian Society and Cultureand Culture

Social ClassesSocial Classes1.1. PharaohPharaoh2.2. VizierVizier3.3. High priestsHigh priests4.4. Royal overseersRoyal overseers5.5. Scribes, artisans Scribes, artisans 6.6. Farmers, laborersFarmers, laborers

► Read about Read about Egyptian society Egyptian society and the daily life and the daily life

PapyrusPapyrus

► HieroglyphicsHieroglyphics ► PapyrusPapyrus► ScribesScribes► Masters of the art of Masters of the art of

writing and also its writing and also its teachersteachers

Old KingdomOld KingdomAge of PyramidsAge of Pyramids► Strong LeadershipStrong Leadership

► Stability-free from Stability-free from invasioninvasion

►DynastyDynastyA family of rulers A family of rulers

whose right to rule is whose right to rule is passed on within the passed on within the familyfamily

►Monarchs were Monarchs were called called PharaohsPharaohs

►VizierVizierIn charge of In charge of

government government bureaucracy.bureaucracy.

►Mummification Mummification ► Although we thought it Although we thought it

was so cool to learn about was so cool to learn about mummies when we were mummies when we were younger, I believe it is younger, I believe it is more fascinating to know more fascinating to know why Egyptians mummified why Egyptians mummified

their dead.their dead. ►MastabasMastabasTombs for the Pharaoh’s Tombs for the Pharaoh’s

noble officialsnoble officials► The Great Pyramid at The Great Pyramid at

GizaGiza► Geometric angles are Geometric angles are

almost precisealmost precise► The Great SphinxThe Great Sphinx

Middle Middle KingdomKingdom

Period of ChaosPeriod of ChaosAge of political chaos and invasionAge of political chaos and invasion

New New KingdomKingdom The Empire The Empire

► Strong military Strong military advancementsadvancements

► Prosperous Prosperous gains in wealthgains in wealth

KEY KINGS KEY KINGS OR OR

PHARAOHSPHARAOHS*Engineering *Engineering

an an EmpireEmpire

► MenesMenes► DjoserDjoser► SneferuSneferu► HatshepsutHatshepsut► Amenhotep IV Amenhotep IV

AkhenatenAkhenaten► Poly to MonoPoly to Mono► TutankhamenTutankhamen(King Tut) (King Tut) Restored the gods Restored the gods

Deir el-Bahri Deir el-Bahri

The Bent PyramidThe Bent Pyramid

The Red PyramidThe Red Pyramid

NEFERTITINEFERTITI

An Early An Early Egyptian Bird.Egyptian Bird.

► Religion-Judaism- Influenced Religion-Judaism- Influenced Christianity and IslamChristianity and Islam

► Old TestamentOld Testament► Descendants of AbrahamDescendants of Abraham► Saul the first Hebrew KingSaul the first Hebrew King► David- reclaims PalestineDavid- reclaims Palestine► Solomon- Building Projects- Solomon- Building Projects-

TempleTemple► Covenant-contract with GodCovenant-contract with God► Prophets-religious teachersProphets-religious teachers

► CyrusCyrusWon the approval by using not only Won the approval by using not only

Persians but also the conquered Persians but also the conquered as government officials.as government officials.

Reputation of mercyReputation of mercy► DariusDariusGenerous to supporters, harsh to Generous to supporters, harsh to

enemiesenemies► Satrapies- Persian provincesSatrapies- Persian provinces► Satrap- Persian governorsSatrap- Persian governors► Well maintained roadsWell maintained roads► Immortals (Persian Guard)Immortals (Persian Guard)► Increased taxes led to disloyaltyIncreased taxes led to disloyalty

The Hebrew CivilizationThe Hebrew Civilization

Zoroastrianism

►Zend Avesta►Ahuramazda►Ahriman►Humans play a Humans play a

strong role in strong role in the struggle the struggle between good between good and eviland evil

► Perform good Perform good deeds: deeds: achieve achieve paradiseparadise

Persian Persian ReligionReligion

Other Notable Other Notable CivilizationsCivilizations

MinoansMinoans► Built enormous palace complex Built enormous palace complex

on Crete at Knossuson Crete at Knossus► Decorative paintings, elaborate Decorative paintings, elaborate

bath drainsbath drainsHittitesHittites

► First to make use of iron. First to make use of iron. (Weaponry)(Weaponry)

► Elephants in battleElephants in battlePhoeniciansPhoenicians

► Excellent traders by sea. Excellent traders by sea. ► Best known for its alphabet. Best known for its alphabet.

The Phoenician alphabet was The Phoenician alphabet was passed onto the Greeks.passed onto the Greeks.

AssyriansAssyrians► Leaders with absolute Leaders with absolute

powerpower► First “First “large”large” (in numbers) (in numbers)

armies equipped with iron armies equipped with iron weaponsweapons