Global Security_International Security

8/7/2019 Global Security_International Security

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Global Security Module S4: Terrorism

Elective

Assessed 50 percent coursework, 50 percent written examination

10 percent of course marks.

Module Manager : Mr Tom Maley

Aims

To provide an in-depth body of knowledge and a critical awareness of current researchand conceptual thinking regarding the nature of terrorism, its origins, motivations andmanifestations, together with evaluation of the terrorist threat at the start of the 21 st

Century.

To equip students to analyse authoritatively and to evaluate critically the nature andcharacteristics of the democratic response to terrorism and how this differs from theresponse of non-democracies.

Intended Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of the module, a student will be able to demonstrate:

A systematic understanding of knowledge and a critical awareness of current research

and conceptual thinking regarding the nature of terrorism, its origins, motivations andmanifestations and the security challenges and threats that it poses at all levels of analysis.An ability to evaluate critically current research and concepts related to terrorism andcounter-terrorism, develop critiques of them and, where appropriate, adapt them in thecontext of both emerging scholarship and national and international policy relevance.Creativity and originality in the application of knowledge, concepts, data andinformation in the fields of terrorism and counter-terrorism.An ability to acquire and use data and information related to terrorism and counter-terrorism effectively in any appropriate medium.Self-direction and originality in tackling and solving problems, working effectively atthe individual level and in communicating conclusions clearly, both orally and inwriting.An independent learning ability and interest in advancing their knowledge andunderstanding in the fields of terrorism and counter-terrorism.


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Approach

The events of 11 September 2001 and subsequent terrorist attacks have broughtinternational terrorism to the forefront of peoples consciousness throughout the world.Governments and international organisations as well as commercial institutions and

businesses have had to respond to these tragic events and related terrorist activity in aneffort to restore a sense of security. Against this background, the module will provide an in-depth analysis of the nature, origins, causes and manifestations of terrorism in all itsdimensions so as to provide a sound basis for a critical evaluation of the effectiveness of thedemocratic response to terrorism and extremism at the start of the 21 st Century.

Content

The course is presented in three interrelated parts:

Part 1: What is terrorism?

Defining terrorismThe conceptual basis of terrorismDifferentiating terrorism from other forms of conflict, including insurgencyDefining superterrorism and WMD/WME/CBRN terrorismThe origins of terrorismThe use of terror throughout history by states, within states and globallyThe nature of terrorismThe causes of terrorism

Part 2: Who are the terrorists?

The origins and motivations of terrorist groupsThe techniques, weapons, operations and strategies of terrorist groupsSuicide terrorismThe psychology of terrorismThe organisation of terrorist groups and networksThe manifestations and effects of terrorismTerrorist trendsDefining future terrorist threatsThe success and failure of terrorist groupsThe links between terrorist groupsThe links between terrorist and criminal groupsState sponsorship and support of terrorist groups

Part 3: How to respond?

Counter-terrorism approaches, frameworks, policies and strategies


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Intelligence processes and terrorismDemocracy, human rights and terrorismPolitical and diplomatic responses to terrorismEconomic and financial responses to terrorismLegal responses to terrorism, including international conventions and treaties

Commercial responses to terrorism, including aviation securityInternational responses to terrorism, including the role of supranationalorganisations in combating terrorismThe role of the police in combating terrorismThe role of the emergency services in combating terrorismThe role of the military in combating terrorismThe media and terrorismManagement and organisational aspects of combating terrorismDeveloping resilience at the national levelPeace processes : Pathways out of terrorismThe value of a multi-dimensional, multi-agency and multi-national approachesto terrorism

Teaching and Learning Strategy

Teaching and learning will be by introductory lectures, Virtual Learning Environmentlessons, seminar presentations, discussion, visits and by students undertaking self-directedresearch of primary and secondary sources.

Assessment

Each student is required to complete two coursework assignments. The average of the twoassignments will count for the 50% of the marks devoted to coursework. The twocoursework assignments will comprise one individual, oral presentation in seminar and oneextended essay. A three hour written examination will count for the remaining 50% of themarks.

Visits and Field Work

A visit will be arranged to Heathrow Airport for presentations and discussions withagencies involved in combating the international terrorist threat to civil aviation.Additionally, students will be expected to draw on the experience of the Field Trip toNorthern Ireland in Module C1.

Duration

Five weeks, 60 contact hours


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Indicative Reading List

Books recommended:

Terrorism as a Phenomenon:

Bjorgo, Tore, (Ed.), Root Causes of Terrorism: Myths, Reality and Ways Forward,(Abingdon, Routledge, 2005).

Harmon, Christopher C., Terrorism Today, (2nd Ed.), (Abingdon, Routledge, 2008).

Hoffman, Bruce, Inside Terrorism, (Revised Ed.), (New York, NY., Colombia UniversityPress, 2006).

Laqueur, Walter, No End to War: Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century, (New York,Continuum International Publishing Group Inc., 2003).

Post, Jerrold M., The Mind of the Terrorist: The Psychology of Terrorism from the IRA to Al-Qaeda, (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007).

Richardson, Louise, (Ed.), The Roots of Terrorism, (London, Routledge, 2006).

Sageman, Marc, Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Century,(Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008).

Counter Terrorism:

Chandler, Michael, and Rohan Gunaratna, Countering Terrorism: Can we meet the threat of global violence?, (London, Reaktion Books Ltd., 2007).

Cronin, Audrey Kurth, Ending Terrorism: Lessons for Defeating al-Qaeda, IISS AdelphiPaper 394, (Abingdon, Routledge, 2008).

HM Government, Pursue Prevent Protect Prepare: The United Kingdoms Strategy for Countering International Terrorism, Cm 7547, (Norwich, The Stationery Office, 2009).

Howard, Russell D., and Reid L. Sawyer, Terrorism and Counterterrorism:Understanding the New Security Environment: Readings and Interpretations, (Revised2nd Ed.), (Guilford, CT., McGraw-Hill/Dushkin, 2006).

Wilkinson, Paul, Terrorism versus Democracy: The Liberal State Response, (2nd Ed.),(Abingdon, Routledge, 2006).

Wilkinson, Paul, (Ed.), Homeland Security in the UK: Future Preparedness for Terrorist Attack since 9/11, (Abingdon, Routledge, 2007).


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International Security Module E1: Terrorism: Causes and Techniques

Module Manager: Dr. Jim Storr

Aim

To equip students to analyse authoritatively the causes of terrorism and the techniquesemployed by sub-state terrorist groups both in the UK and abroad at the start of the21 st Century so as to inform decision-making processes, policy and doctrine relevantto counter-terrorism.


On successful completion of the module, students should be able to:

Appraise the phenomenon of terrorism in relation to the changing terrorist threat both

spatially and temporally;Critically analyse the terrorist threat in terms of its causes and modus operandii andcompare findings with extant data, models and beliefs;Critique current wisdom on the causes of terrorism;Interpret current sub-state terrorist group motivations and techniques and drawconclusions for the challenges posed for counter-terrorism; andDevelop the ability to communicate complex analyses and findings to others orallyand in writing.

Content

The phenomenon of terrorism:o Defining terrorism;o The origins of terrorism;o Conceptual understandings of terrorism; ando The evolving nature of terrorism and the threat that it poses.

The causes of terrorism;Sub-state terrorist groups:

o Group motivations and strategies; ando Group tactics and modus operandii .

Assessment

Module assignments.

Duration

Distance learning hours: 100


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Indicative Reading ListCore Texts:1. Bjorgo, Tore, Ed., Root Causes of Terrorism: Myths, Reality and Ways Forward ,

Routledge, Abingdon, 2005;2. Hoffman, Bruce, Inside Terrorism (Revised Ed.), Routledge, Abingdon, 2008.

Additional Texts:1. Allison, Graham T., Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe,

Times Books, New York, 2004;2. Crenshaw, Martha, Ed., Terrorism in Context , Pennsylvania State University Press,

University Park, PA, 1995;3. Ferguson, Charles D. and William C. Potter, The Four Faces of Nuclear Terrorism ,

Routledge, New York, NY, 2005;4. Harman, Christopher C., Terrorism Today (2nd Ed.), Routledge, Abingdon, 2008;5. Horgan, John, The Psychology of Terrorism , Routledge, Abingdon, 2005;6. Howard, Russell D., James J.F. Forest and Natasha Bajema (Eds.), Weapons of Mass

Destruction and Terrorism , McGraw-Hill/Contemporary Learning Series, Guilford,CT, 2008;7. Ismail, Salwa, Rethinking Islamist Politics: Culture, the State and Islamism , I.B.

Tauris, London, 2003;8. Juergensmeyer, Mark, Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious

Violence(3 rd Ed.), University of California Press, Berkeley, 2003;

9. Kegley, Charles W., Jnr., Ed., The New Global Terrorism: Characteristics, Causes,Controls , Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2003;

10. Laqueur, Walter, No End to War: Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century , ContinuumInternational Publishing Group Inc., New York, 2003;

11. Lewis, Bernard, The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror , Weidenfeld &Nicolson, London, 2003;

12. Lutz, James M. and Brenda J. Lutz, Global Terrorism , Routledge, 2004;13. Post, Jerrold M., The Mind of the Terrorist: The Psychology of Terrorism from the

IRA to Al-Qaeda , Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2007;14. Richardson, Louise (Ed.), The Roots of Terrorism , Routledge, London, 2006;15. Sageman, Marc, Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Century ,

University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2008;16. Sookhdeo, Patrick, Understanding Islamic Terrorism , Isaac Publishing, Pewsey,

2004;17. Sookhdeo, Patrick, Global Jihad: The Future in the Face of Militant Islam , Isaac

Publishing, McLean, VA, 2007;18. Stern, Jessica, Terror in the Name of God: Why Religious Militant Kill,

HarperCollins Publishers, New York 2003.

Periodicals and Journals1. Terrorism and Political Violence , David C. Rapoport and Paul Wilkinson (Eds.),

Routledge, Abingdon;2. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism , Bruce Hoffman (Ed.), Routledge, Abingdon.


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International Security Module E2: Terrorism: The Liberal StateResponse

Module Manager: Mr Keith Weston

Aim

To equip students to analyse authoritatively the liberal state response to terrorism,both in the UK and abroad, at the start of the 21 st Century, so as to inform decision-making processes, policy and doctrine relevant to counter-terrorism.


On successful completion of the module, students should be able to:

Appraise responses to terrorism in both democratic and non-democratic countries so

as to distinguish differences in assumptions, requirements, aims and frameworks;Critically analyse counter-terrorism in a range of democracies using appropriateanalytical tools so as to correlate and then compare frameworks, principles, functionalrequirements, approaches, strategies and instruments;Examine counter-terrorism agencies and appraise the degree to which they cooperateboth domestically and internationally so as to achieve enhanced effect;Distinguish dilemmas, challenges and constraints within counter-terrorism andadvocate beneficial approaches;Appraise peace processes in respect of past terrorist campaigns and evaluate theirutility in respect of religiously motivated terrorist threats;Distinguish and evaluate key counter-terrorism lessons and guidelines; andWork collaboratively in producing recommendations that will improve counter-terrorism within democracies and communicate such recommendations effectivelyusing graphics, orally and in writing.

Content

Responding to terrorism: Assumptions, requirements and aims;Counter-terrorism:

o Frameworks and the terrorism cycle;o Principles;o Functional requirements;o Approaches and strategies;o Instruments;o Agencies and their roles;o Management and organisational issues; ando Dilemmas, challenges and constraints.

Peace processes; andKey lessons and guidelines.


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Assessment

Module assignments.

Duration

Distance learning hours: 100

Indicative Reading List

Core Texts:

1. Cronin, Audrey Kurth, How Terrorism Ends: Understanding the Decline and Demiseof Terrorist Campaigns, Princeton University Press, Oxford, 2009.

2. Cronin, Audrey Kurth and James M. Ludes, Eds., Attacking Terrorism: Elements of aGrand Strategy , Georgetown University Press, Washington DC, 2004;

3. Cronin, Audrey Kurth, Ending Terrorism: Lessons for Defeating al-Qaeda , IISS,Adelphi Paper 394, Routledge, Abingdon, 2008;4. Howard, Russell D. and Reid L. Sawyer, Terrorism and Counterterrorism:

Understanding the New Security Environment: Readings and Interpretations(Revised 2 nd Ed.), McGraw-Hill/Dushkin, Guilford, CT, 2006;

5. HM Government, Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare: The United KingdomsStrategy for Countering International Terrorism , Cm 7547, The Stationery Office,Norwich, 2009.

Additional Texts:1. Chandler, Michael and Rohan Gunaratna, Countering Terrorism: Can we meet the

Threat of Global Violence? , Reaktion Books, Ltd., London, 2007;2. Council on Foreign Relations, The War on Terror: A Foreign Affairs Book , Foreign

Affairs/Council on Foreign Relations, New York, NY, 2003.3. Cragin, Kim and Peter Chalk, Terrorism and Development: Using Social and

Economic Development to Inhibit a Resurgence of Terrorism , The Rand Corporation,Santa Monica, CA, 2003;

4. Hastings, Tom H., Non-Violent Response to Terrorism , McFarlane & Co., Jefferson,NC, 2004;

5. Kean, Thomas H. and Lee H. Hamilton, The 9/11 Report: The National Commissionon Terrorist Attacks upon the United States , St. Martins Press, New York, NY, 2004;

6. Napoleoni, Loretta, Modern Jihad: Tracing the Dollars behind the Terror Network ,Pluto Press, London, 2003;

7. Stevenson, Jonathan, Counter-Terrorism: Containment and Beyond , Adelphi Paper367, OUP/IISS, Oxford, October 2004;

8. Wilkinson, Paul, Terrorism versus Democracy: The Liberal State Response (2nd Ed.),Routledge, Abingdon, 2006;

9. Wilkinson, Paul, (Ed.), Homeland Security in the UK: Future Preparedness for Terrorism Attack since 9/11 , Routledge, Abingdon, 2007.

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