GLOBAL SECURE

Sustainable Energy through China-UK Research Engagement (SECURE)

Principal Investigator: Professor AP Roskilly

Project Duration: 12 Months

Funding Body: EPSRC

http://research.ncl.ac.uk/globalsecure/

China-UK Seminar on Sustainable Energy & New Power-Train System Technologies

Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) in China

23-24 March 2013

Organised by BIT, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne (UNEW) &

Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engine (CSICE)

Theme 1 ‘Trigeneration with Integrated Energy Storage & Biofuel Use’

Professor AP Roskilly, Dr Yaodong Wang

Sir Joseph Swan Centre for Energy Research

Newcastle Institute for Research on Sustainability

Newcastle University

Contents Introduction

Principle of Trigeneration with Integrated

Energy Storage & Biofuel Use

Experimental test rig

Future work - project roadmap and 5

year engagement plan

1

2

3

6

Results / outcomes 4

Conclusion 5

1. Introduction • Background The project is highly relevant to the priority areas of Energy and

Environmental Change issues.

Fossil fuels are the main sources of

energy we use today

• Objective Demonstration of the combination of engine generator, heat recovery

unit and an absorption/adsorption cooling unit, with an energy storage system using renewable bio-oils.

Heat

power

Biofuels

Trigeneration with

Integrated Energy

Storage & Biofuel

Use(LH Cogen)

Refrigeration

• Project partners: (1) Shanghai Jiaotong University

(working on a trigeneration unit)

• Project partners: (2) Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of Chinese

Academy of Sciences

• Project partners: (3) Guangxi University (working on engine

tests on Tong oil and cha oil )

• Project partners: (4) Beijing Institute of Technology (working

on bio-oil injection/ combustion diagnosis using laser)

• Project partners: (5) Jishou University, Hunan

(working on bio-oil resources)

ELECTICITY SUPPLY

CONTROLLER

WASTE HEAT

STORAGE

SYSTEM

CENTRAL HEATING AND

HOT WATER SUPPLY

Resident building(s)

Cooling SUPPLY

ABSORPTION

COOLING

SYSTEM

ENGINE

GENERATOR

Jatropha

oil

Energy Storage

2. Principle of Trigeneration with Integrated Energy Storage & Biofuel Use

3. Experimental test rig

(1) Trigeneration and engine

(2) Test facilities for bio-oils

Vessel

Filling station

calorimeter Oxygen

cylinder

4. Results / Outcomes (1) Bio-oil seeds Collection (by Jishou University )

Seeds Collection and Treatment

Collection Dry

Oil Extraction

Germ Conservation

(2) Test results of bio-oil properties

Experimental test results of the new bio-oil samples

Tung oil Tea-seed oil Camphor oil

Zanthoxylum oil Trichosanthes oil

Litsea cubeba oil Gas oil

HHV (MJ/kg) 39.23 39.62 39.37 39.26 39.51 39.53 45.7

Density (kg/m3) 906.1 887.3 897.8 921.4 894.0 888.9 828.5

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Vis

cosi

ty (

mP

a.s)

Temperature (degC)

Tung oil

Tea-seed oil

Camphor oil

Zanthoxylum oil

Trichosanthes oil

Litsea cubeba oil

Gas oil

(3) Bio-oil application to engines

Study of the fundamental characteristics of the

application of bio-oils to IC engines

Professor Jincheng Huang

Department of Thermal Energy and Power Engineering

Mechanical Engineering College

Guangxi University

Table 1 Bio-oil properties

Property

Peanut oil

Peanut oil methyl

ester Rapeseeds oil

Rapeseeds oil methyl ester

Ethanol Diesel

Density/kg.L-1 0.919 0.87 0.916 0.88 0.73 0.84

Viscosity/(40℃) mm2s-1

39.3 4.61

34.7 5.33

1.11

3

Flash point/℃ 271 160 246 145 21 >65

Cetane number 41.8 45 37.6 53 8 50

Lower heating value/MJ.kg-1

37.33 38.72 38.89 40 27.2 44

Freezing point/℃ 10 8 -9 -16 -114 0

Oxygen content (%)

10.3 10.3 10 10 34.8 0.004

Test results

• Heat value and cetane number of the bio-fuels, are

lower than diesel.

• Viscosity of the biofuel is higher than diesel.

• Biofuels contain oxygen.

Test results

Study on low temperature fluidity of biofuels

图2-7 乙醇对黄连木生物柴油降凝效果图（-5.5℃） 图2-8乙醇对麻风树生物柴油降凝效果图（-2.5℃）

Figure2-7 Pour-point reducing effect of enthanol on Figure 2-8 Pour-point reducing effect of enthanol on

Pistacia chinensis biodiesel （-5.5℃） Jatropha curcas biodiesel （-2.5℃）

Test results

020406080100120140160180200220240260

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

温度

动力粘度

E30C30

E30T70

图：掺入30%乙醇的茶籽油、桐油动力粘度与温度的关系

Figure: Comparison of dynamic viscosity 30% ethanol tea seed oil, tung oil

under different temperature

Test results

• Study on the mixing characteristics of bio-fuels

20％ 25％ 30％

Figure: Test result of direct-mixing of diesel oil with ethanol

Test results

10％ 20％ 30％

Figure The addition of cosolvent after shaking

Test results

Results of engine tests using biofuels

Figure: Comparison of mean pressure rise rates for different fuels

Test results

Results of engine tests using biofuels

Figure: Comparison of Instant Heat Release Rate for Different Fuels

Test results

Figure: Comparison of emission characteristics using different fuels

Outcomes

• A joint-paper draft has been prepared

Study of the fundamental characteristics of the application

of bio-oils to IC engines (by Professor Jincheng Huang

from Guangxi University)

• A report of experimental results from the tests of the bio-

oils

• Potential bio-oil resources (more than 10 species ) have

been found by Jishou University in Wuling Mountain Area

in China.

5. Conclusion

• Test results show that the efficiency of trigeneration using bio-oils is comparable with that using diesel

• Emissions are reduced

6. Future work - project roadmap report and 5 year engagement plan

• Further tests on the trigeneration with integrated energy storage & biofuel use required

• Project roadmap:

• Sustainable bio-oil resources research

• Economic and/or Life cycle analysis of bio-oil production, transportation and use

• Control and optimisation of trigeneration with energy storage

• Applications to different locations / areas

5 year engagement plan: • Sustainable bio-oil resources search: working with Jishou University

• Economic and/or Life cycle analysis of bio-oil production, transportation and use: working with Institute of Engineering Thermophysics and Shanghai Jiaotong University

• Control and optimisation of trigeneration with energy storage: Working with IET and SHJTU

• New bio-oil tests on engine performance and emissions: Guangxi University, Beijing Institute of Technology

• Application to different location and different users: SHJTU, IET, GXU, BIT and JU