Global Pro Poor Fisheries and Aquaculture development

partnership Ÿ excellence Ÿ growth

Global Pro-Poor Fisheries and Aquaculture Development

IFAD CoP Workshop12-13 January 2009, Rome


the MDGs, fisheries & aquaculture• Fisheries and aquaculture can help

meet the Millennium Development Goals• fish contributes >50% of protein

intake for 400 million people from the poorest African and South Asian countries

• employs 135 million worldwide, a quarter of whom work in aquaculture

• for the World’s 40 least developed countries, fish is the third largest traded commodity


small-scale fisheries and aquaculture

Importance: Safety Net• Part of diversified

livelihood strategies.• Contributes to food and

nutrition security. • Vulnerable sector

• Often landless• Highly mobile• Marginalised

Importance: Economic Driver• An important cash

generator.• Strong economic

multiplier effects.• 50% of the 80 billion dollar

a year global fish trade from LDCs

• Economically resilient (esp compared to industrial fisheries).

Challenges: (i) wider changes in the environment – especially water management and climate change; (ii) insecure rights; (iii) social exclusion; (iv) poor access to services


small-scale fisheries & aquaculture

• Over half of global production from

small-scale fisheries(37-43 million t)

• Marine catches larger than inland

(28-30 million t vs 9-13 million t)

• Participation greater in inland SSF

(11-12 million people in marine vs 14-

15 million in inland SSF)

• Women ca. 60% of overall

participation

• Aquaculture is the fastest growing

food production sector (avg 6% per

year over the past 5 years). It now

accounts for 33% of global fish supply

• Environmental problems can arise if

use of ecosystem services not

managed properly

• Challenge: increase food production

while maintaining ecosystem

resilience and reducing poverty

Resilience Sustainability


resilient small-scale fisheries…absorb shocks and reorganise themselves following stresses and disturbance while still delivering benefits for poverty reduction

Social Resilience

Ecological Resilience


sustainable aquaculture…• produces fish in ways that do

not store up environmental problems for the future

• uses land, water, food and energy wisely and efficiently

• is integrated into national economies in ways that maximize its development impact


multiple dimensions of poverty

Vulnerability

Income and asset

poverty

Social exclusion

Social exclusion: inequality and ‘elite capture’ of rights in CBFM, poor access to services (inc. health, education, finance, justice)

Vulnerability: insecure rights, uncertain production systems, high physical, economic and regulatory or institutional risks

(Bene, Macfadayen, Allison, 2007)

Fisherfolk not always the ‘poorest of the poor’ in income terms

Physical asset profiles strongly mediated by rights to land, mobility, uncertain production system


vulnerability & incentives for resource conservation

Risk perception: Fish stock decline may be low in fisherfolk’s risk-hierarchies; aquaculture investment may be seen as too risky

Social exclusion: fishers and farmers not able to gain the support of external agents to improve rights and access to services

Overall outcome: fishers lack incentives and means to manage resources, even when granted to them through ‘rights-based fishing’; aquaculture technology uptake low by the poorest

Policy implications: Incentives to claim and defend aquatic property rights (and to risk investing in aquaculture) may require vulnerability to be reduced and other rights to be strengthened


perceptions of risks to livelihoodsFrom participatory vulnerability mapping exercises with

fishers and fish workers in East Africa:1. Malaria and other common illnesses2. Gear theft and personal insecurity3. Insecure rights of access to land and landing sites4. Unpredictable seasons/weather (climate change)5. Rising costs of inputs6. Marketing-related insecurities...11. Too much fishing; decline of fish stocks.


example: vulnerability of fisheries to climate change impacts

HighMissing data

Low

Allison et al, in press


National adult seroprevalence

(%)

Fisherfolk seroprevalence

(%)

Number of HIV positive fishers

Kenya 6.7 30.5 45 000

Thailand 1.5 6.9 24 000

Indonesia 0.1 1.4 72 000

example: vulnerabililty of fisherfolk to HIV/AIDS

(Allison & Seeley, 2004; Kissling et al., 2005)


why addressing poverty, vulnerability, and rights helps fishery governance The more secure people feel, the more they save

and invest in the future As fishing people become more secure, the risks

of fishery decline becomes the most important remaining source of insecurity

This leads to more incentive to invest in governing fish stocks.

Incentives and capacity to claim and defend property rights will be clearer and stronger if violations of fisherfolk’s broader human rights are addressed first


investments to reduce vulnerability…

Income & Asset

Poverty

MarginalisationVulnerability

Improve access to health services,

secure land rights,aquatic property

rights

Organisational development,labour rights,migrant’s rights,gender equity

Diversification, microfinance, education & skills


How to prevent overfishing while supporting livelihood

interests and contributing to poverty reduction and food

security?

Develop new technologies& markets

…in the context of responsible fisheries and ecosystem-based management

Reformfisheries

governance

Assess resource & environmentalstatus to guide fishery management

Build assets and capabilities

Reduce vulnerability and strengthen rights


an integrated approach to pro-poor fisheries and AQ development

Market failure

Governance failure

Entitlements failure

ResponseThreat

Claim human rights – to food,health, decent work, freedom from discrimination etc

Strengthen access to infrastructure,Information, higher-value markets

Clarify and strengthen aquatic property or user rights


communities of practice can help to maximise our impact

A Linear World View A Networked World View

Thinking For Thinking With

Developing Technologies Technologies plus…..


Dr. Ann GordonWorldFish Center

[email protected]

Global Pro Poor Fisheries and Aquaculture development

Investor Relations

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