Southeastern Asia

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Geography of Southeast AsiaGeography of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is between the Southeast Asia is between the

Indian and Pacific, stretching Indian and Pacific, stretching from Asia to Australia .from Asia to Australia .

Consists of a mainland peninsula, Consists of a mainland peninsula, and a few larger islands like and a few larger islands like Sumatra, Borneo, and Java. Sumatra, Borneo, and Java.

The climate in Southeast Asia is The climate in Southeast Asia is warm and humid, with long warm and humid, with long annual rains. annual rains.

Seas and waterways separates Seas and waterways separates the islands, and five rivers divide the islands, and five rivers divide up the mainland; mountains up the mainland; mountains made travel and communication made travel and communication hard, these factors never allowed hard, these factors never allowed Southeast Asia to be politically or Southeast Asia to be politically or culturally unitedculturally united

Since Southeast Asia is generally Since Southeast Asia is generally surrounded with water their surrounded with water their political power came from political power came from controlling trade routes and controlling trade routes and harbors. harbors.

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Trading Island KingdomsTrading Island Kingdoms

SAILENDRA:SAILENDRA:

This dynasty ruled the island of This dynasty ruled the island of javajava

The Buddhist temple of The Buddhist temple of Borobudur, which was built Borobudur, which was built around 800 a.d.around 800 a.d.

Had nine terraced levels in the Had nine terraced levels in the style of a step pyramidstyle of a step pyramid

Eventually fell under the rule of Eventually fell under the rule of the island empire of Srivijayathe island empire of Srivijaya

SRIVIJAYA:SRIVIJAYA:

Ruled the strait of Malacca and Ruled the strait of Malacca and waters around Sumatra, waters around Sumatra, Borneo and JavaBorneo and Java

Grew wealthy by taxing passing Grew wealthy by taxing passing traderstraders

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Khmer EmpireKhmer Empire The Khmer Empire is a kindgdom The Khmer Empire is a kindgdom

of Southeast Asia which is now of Southeast Asia which is now identified as Cambodia. identified as Cambodia.

It thrived around the year 1200 as It thrived around the year 1200 as it expanded into neighboring it expanded into neighboring countries.countries.

The Khmers constructed The Khmers constructed waterways, irrigation systems, waterways, irrigation systems, intricate sculptures, and temples: intricate sculptures, and temples: the Angkor Wat, a temple the Angkor Wat, a temple complex, is known as one of their complex, is known as one of their greatest achievements greatest achievements

The empire's capital, Angkor, was The empire's capital, Angkor, was established around the year 890 established around the year 890 by King Yasovarman; the Angkor by King Yasovarman; the Angkor period was known as the period was known as the civilization's golden age.civilization's golden age.

An early kingdom of Khmer, An early kingdom of Khmer, known as Funan, ruled the sea known as Funan, ruled the sea trading between China and India. trading between China and India.

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Influence of China and India

Merchant boats hailing from India lead to missionaries spreading Hinduism and Buddhism in Southeast Asia.

Soon after faiths were dispersed, political innovations from India and China began to influence the region.

Southeastern people absorbed a new language as cultures mingled, and soon poets were composing epics in the ancient Indian language of Sanskrit.

Chinese ideas migrated to Southeast Asia as much as Indian ones did. However, the Chinese took advantage of their hosts by forcing them to pay tributes.

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VietnamVietnam The Vietnamese were The Vietnamese were

influenced by India but fell influenced by India but fell under Chinese control around under Chinese control around 100 B.C. during the reign of 100 B.C. during the reign of the Han Dynasty, and remained the Han Dynasty, and remained in control of Vietnam for 1,000 in control of Vietnam for 1,000 years. years.

The Chinese Tang Dynasty’s The Chinese Tang Dynasty’s power grew weaker in the power grew weaker in the 900s, and Vietnam gained 900s, and Vietnam gained independence in 939. independence in 939.

Chinese influenced come of Chinese influenced come of Vietnamese culture, like Vietnamese culture, like Buddhism, however -Vietnam Buddhism, however -Vietnam kept a strong sense of cultural kept a strong sense of cultural independence. For example, independence. For example, they gave women more they gave women more freedom than the Chinese. freedom than the Chinese.

The Ly Dynasty (1009-1225) The Ly Dynasty (1009-1225) made their capital at Hanoi, made their capital at Hanoi, and expanded by conquering and expanded by conquering land. land.

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Geography of KoreaGeography of Korea•The Korean peninsula consists of 222,154 square The Korean peninsula consists of 222,154 square

kilometers of territory: it is almost the size of kilometers of territory: it is almost the size of Romania or the United Kingdom. Romania or the United Kingdom.

•Korea lies adjacent to China and Japan, being Korea lies adjacent to China and Japan, being similar to Japan in that only a small section of the similar to Japan in that only a small section of the

country is fertile enough to grow crops. country is fertile enough to grow crops. •At first the country created a somewhat isolated At first the country created a somewhat isolated region for itself because of the massive landforms region for itself because of the massive landforms (such as mountains and seas) in the surrounding (such as mountains and seas) in the surrounding area. In this way it is somewhat reminiscent of area. In this way it is somewhat reminiscent of China's early development. China's early development. •Korea encompasses a number of islands, many Korea encompasses a number of islands, many

located near the Yellow Sea. located near the Yellow Sea. •It's climate varies from a humid, raining period in It's climate varies from a humid, raining period in

the Summer to a much colder Winter at which the Summer to a much colder Winter at which point there may be snowfall. point there may be snowfall.

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Early HistoryEarly HistoryKOREA:KOREA: Like in early Japan, different Like in early Japan, different

clans controlled different clans controlled different areas of the countryareas of the country

Most of Korea was conquered Most of Korea was conquered by the Han by 108 B.C.by the Han by 108 B.C.

Took writing, centralized Took writing, centralized government, Confucianism government, Confucianism and Buddhismand Buddhism

Federations developed into 3 Federations developed into 3 rival kingdomsrival kingdoms

During the mid 600’s, the Silla During the mid 600’s, the Silla federation defeated the other federation defeated the other 2 and chased the Chinese 2 and chased the Chinese awayaway

Silla gains control of all of the Silla gains control of all of the Korean peninsulaKorean peninsula

Silla had Buddhist Silla had Buddhist monasteries and made great monasteries and made great sculpturessculptures

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The Koryu Dynasty 935-1392

•Rebel officer Wang Kon gained control in 935 and became King.

•Modeled government after the Chinese centralized government, and established a Confucian civil

service examination system and university to train male scholars like the Chinese did.

•Civil service examination system failed, even though there was a test, the sons of scholars still got

the best positions.•Koryu society had a big gap between the aristocrats

and the other less wealthy people.

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The Nobles built their land into estates, which left little land for others.In 1231, the Mongols attacked Korea, and demanded tribute, which consisted of 20,000 horses, clothing for 1 million soldiers, and children and artisans for slaves.The oppression from the Mongols ended in the 1350s, when the Mongol empire collapsed. The heavy taxes and oppression from the wealthy landlords start revoltsIn 1392, scholar-officials and military leaders overthrew the Koryu Dynasty, established land reforms, and started a new dynasty called the Choson or Yi Dynasty.

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Koryu CultureKoryu Culture During this time, they had many great achievements, one of them is During this time, they had many great achievements, one of them is

their celadon pottery, which was famous for its’ milky green glaze, their celadon pottery, which was famous for its’ milky green glaze, and inspired by Song porcelain artists.and inspired by Song porcelain artists.

Writers and scholars wrote poetry, and also wrote the first national Writers and scholars wrote poetry, and also wrote the first national history of Korea.history of Korea.

Korean artists carved out thousands of wooden blocks to print out Korean artists carved out thousands of wooden blocks to print out the entire canon of Buddhist scriptures, which was destroyed by the the entire canon of Buddhist scriptures, which was destroyed by the Mongols, but encouraged them to rebuild them. Now, more than Mongols, but encouraged them to rebuild them. Now, more than 81,000 wooden blocks are in Korea today.81,000 wooden blocks are in Korea today.

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